The Pyrenean Desman—An Endangered Insectivore
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Reptile-Like Physiology in Early Jurassic Stem-Mammals
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785360; this version posted October 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title: Reptile-like physiology in Early Jurassic stem-mammals Authors: Elis Newham1*, Pamela G. Gill2,3*, Philippa Brewer3, Michael J. Benton2, Vincent Fernandez4,5, Neil J. Gostling6, David Haberthür7, Jukka Jernvall8, Tuomas Kankanpää9, Aki 5 Kallonen10, Charles Navarro2, Alexandra Pacureanu5, Berit Zeller-Plumhoff11, Kelly Richards12, Kate Robson-Brown13, Philipp Schneider14, Heikki Suhonen10, Paul Tafforeau5, Katherine Williams14, & Ian J. Corfe8*. Affiliations: 10 1School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 3Earth Science Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 4Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 5European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France. 15 6School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 7Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 8Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 9Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 10Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 20 11Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material-und Küstenforschung GmbH Germany. 12Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785360; this version posted October 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 13Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 14Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. -
JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra. -
The Genome of the Pyrenean Desman and the Effects of Bottlenecks and Inbreeding on the Genomic Landscape of an Endangered Species
Received: 18 August 2020 | Revised: 19 March 2021 | Accepted: 27 April 2021 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13249 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The genome of the Pyrenean desman and the effects of bottlenecks and inbreeding on the genomic landscape of an endangered species Lídia Escoda | Jose Castresana Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC- Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain Abstract The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is a small semiaquatic mammal endemic Correspondence Jose Castresana, Institute of Evolutionary to the Iberian Peninsula. Despite its limited range, this species presents a strong ge- Biology (CSIC- Universitat Pompeu Fabra), netic structure due to past isolation in glacial refugia and subsequent bottlenecks. Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Additionally, some populations are highly fragmented today as a consequence of river Email: [email protected] barriers, causing substantial levels of inbreeding. These features make the Pyrenean Funding information desman a unique model in which to study the genomic footprints of differentiation, Plan Nacional I+D+i del Ministerio de bottlenecks and extreme isolation in an endangered species. To understand these Ciencia e Innovación, Grant/Award Number: CGL2017- 84799- P (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE) processes, the complete genome of the Pyrenean desman was sequenced and as- sembled using a Bloom filter- based approach. An analysis of the 1.83 Gb reference genome and the sequencing of five additional individuals from different evolutionary units allowed us to detect its main genomic characteristics. The population differen- tiation of the species was reflected in highly distinctive demographic trajectories. In addition, a severe population bottleneck during the postglacial recolonization of the eastern Pyrenees created one of the lowest genomic heterozygosity values recorded in a mammal. -
Checklist of Rodents and Insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia
ZooKeys 1004: 129–139 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1004.57359 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia Alexey V. Andreychev1, Vyacheslav A. Kuznetsov1 1 Department of Zoology, National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaya Street, 68. 430005, Saransk, Russia Corresponding author: Alexey V. Andreychev ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. López-Antoñanzas | Received 7 August 2020 | Accepted 18 November 2020 | Published 16 December 2020 http://zoobank.org/C127F895-B27D-482E-AD2E-D8E4BDB9F332 Citation: Andreychev AV, Kuznetsov VA (2020) Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia. ZooKeys 1004: 129–139. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.57359 Abstract A list of 40 species is presented of the rodents and insectivores collected during a 15-year period from the Republic of Mordovia. The dataset contains more than 24,000 records of rodent and insectivore species from 23 districts, including Saransk. A major part of the data set was obtained during expedition research and at the biological station. The work is based on the materials of our surveys of rodents and insectivo- rous mammals conducted in Mordovia using both trap lines and pitfall arrays using traditional methods. Keywords Insectivores, Mordovia, rodents, spatial distribution Introduction There is a need to review the species composition of rodents and insectivores in all regions of Russia, and the work by Tovpinets et al. (2020) on the Crimean Peninsula serves as an example of such research. Studies of rodent and insectivore diversity and distribution have a long history, but there are no lists for many regions of Russia of Copyright A.V. -
Functional Morphology of the Vertebral Column in Remingtonocetus (Mammalia, Cetacea) and the Evolution of Aquatic Locomotion in Early Archaeocetes
Functional Morphology of the Vertebral Column in Remingtonocetus (Mammalia, Cetacea) and the Evolution of Aquatic Locomotion in Early Archaeocetes by Ryan Matthew Bebej A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Philip D. Gingerich, Co-Chair Professor Philip Myers, Co-Chair Professor Daniel C. Fisher Professor Paul W. Webb © Ryan Matthew Bebej 2011 To my wonderful wife Melissa, for her infinite love and support ii Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank each of my committee members. I will be forever grateful to my primary mentor, Philip D. Gingerich, for providing me the opportunity of a lifetime, studying the very organisms that sparked my interest in evolution and paleontology in the first place. His encouragement, patience, instruction, and advice have been instrumental in my development as a scholar, and his dedication to his craft has instilled in me the importance of doing careful and solid research. I am extremely grateful to Philip Myers, who graciously consented to be my co-advisor and co-chair early in my career and guided me through some of the most stressful aspects of life as a Ph.D. student (e.g., preliminary examinations). I also thank Paul W. Webb, for his novel thoughts about living in and moving through water, and Daniel C. Fisher, for his insights into functional morphology, 3D modeling, and mammalian paleobiology. My research was almost entirely predicated on cetacean fossils collected through a collaboration of the University of Michigan and the Geological Survey of Pakistan before my arrival in Ann Arbor. -
Communications from the Mammal Society ± No. 77
J. Zool., Lond. (1998) 246, 443±486 # 1998 The Zoological Society of London Printed in the United Kingdom Communications from the Mammal Society ± No. 77 Edited by M. L. Gorman J. Zool., Lond. (1998) 246, 443±445 # 1998 The Zoological Society of London DNA ®ngerprinting reveals high levels of genetic diversity within British populations of the introduced non-native grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Z. K. David-Gray 1*, J. Gurnell2 and D. M. Hunt3 1 Department of Biology, Imperial College, University of London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BB, U.K. 2 School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary and West®eld College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K. 3 Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, U.K. INTRODUCTION genetic diversity as a result of recent population bottle- necks. We have used DNA ®ngerprinting (Jeffreys, In general, if populations are founded by very small Wilson & Thein, 1985a), a technique which provides a numbers of individuals, low levels of genetic diversity good indication of genome variability (Jeffreys et al., amongst subsequent generations known as founder 1985b; Kuhnlein et al., 1990; Kunieda et al., 1993) to effects, can be predicted to occur as a result of genetic assess overall levels of genetic diversity in two British drift (Franklin, 1980; Lacy, 1997). A loss of genetic grey squirrel populations; Alice Holt Forest on the variation has been reported in several species that have borders of Hampshire and Surrey in southern England experienced genetic bottlenecks because of habitat and Thetford Forest in East Anglia. -
Hair Types in the Fur of the Pyrenean Desman (Insectivora: Talpidae
Hair Types©Akademie in d. Wissenschaften the Fur Wien; downloadof the unter www.biologiezentrum.atPyrenean Desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) GEOFFROY, 1811 (Insectivora: Talpidae: Desmaninae)* B y W a l t e r P o d u s c h k a & Be r n a r d R ic h a r d Mit 7 Figuren (Vorgelegt in der Sitzung der mathem.-naturw. Klasse am 14. März 1985 durch das k. M. Fried rich Sc h a l l e r ) Introduction For more than 25 years, American Mink (Mustela vison SCHREBER, 1877) escaped from a fur farm near El Espinar (Sierra Guadarrama, in northern Central Spain). They quickly spread and are suspected of being the main culprits in the extermination of the local Desman population. However, since this sad fact may also be due to water pollution, to "scientists” and unscrupulous lifetrapping or to the destruction of decidous forests along the riverbanks and their replacement with conifers, the M ink’s alleged guilt has to be substantiated through the finding of Desman bones and/or hair in their faeces. Unfortunately no such proof has yet been undertaken, due mostly to the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of the Desman’s fur. This paper is intended to amend this insufficiency. DAY (1966) published details of a method for the identification of mammalian hair in the faeces of predators, but he distinguished only two hair types: woolly hairs and sharply bent guard hairs. Unfortunately, his general remarks about the lack of a clear distinction between these two types of guard hair and “fine” (= woolly) hairs in the insectivores are incorrect. -
Pyrenean Desman Population
ACCIONA GLOBAL COMMITMENT TO BIODIVERSITY SWeden CANADA United Kingdom POLAND GERMANY CROATIA PORTUGAL UNITED STATES GREECE SPAIN QATAR CHINA ITALY MEXICO United Arab Emirates Morocco Saudi Arabia DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Algeria COSTA RICA INDIA COLOMBIA PANAMA GABON ECUADOR BRAZIL PERU AUSTRALIA South AFrica CHILE • ACCIONA PROJECTS IN THE WORLD IN FAVOUR OF THE conSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY • Prologue ......................................................................................................................................... 07 • Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 08 • Principles of biodiversity policy ................................................................................................. 09 Biodiversity Offsetting and Improvement Programme: Net Positive Impact 10 • Nesting boxes for protected species in ACCIONA’s facilities ............................................ 12 • Using photo-trapping to research the presence and behaviour of wild animals around ACCIONA’s facilities ......................................................................... 16 • Fruit trees in Bear Country ......................................................................................................... 24 • Regional Network for protecting threatened species in Extremadura (Spain) ............ 26 Feeding point in Monfragüe National Park ........................................................................... 28 Feeding point -
Convergent Evolution of Olfactory and Thermoregulatory Capacities in Small Amphibious Mammals
Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals Quentin Martineza,1, Julien Clavelb,c, Jacob A. Esselstynd,e, Anang S. Achmadif, Camille Grohég,h, Nelly Piroti,j, and Pierre-Henri Fabrea,k aInstitut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), CNRS, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM), UMR 5554, 34095 Montpellier, France; bDepartment of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom; cUniv. Lyon Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR CNRS 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’État (ENTPE), F‐69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France; dMuseum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; eDepartment of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; fMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia; gDivision of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; hLaboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262, CNRS-Institut écologie et environnement [INEE]), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France; iInstitut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U1194 UM, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; jRéseau d’Histologie Expérimentale de Montpellier, UMS3426 CNRS-US009 INSERM-UM, 34298 Montpellier, France; and kMammal Section, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom Edited by David B. Wake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved February 28, 2020 (received for review October 11, 2019) Olfaction and thermoregulation are key functions for mammals. The partitioning has been documented in histological, airflow dynamic, former is critical to feeding, mating, and predator avoidance behaviors, and performance test studies (9–13). -
A Rare Occurrence of the Fossil Water Mole Gaillardia (Desmanini, Talpidae) from the Neogene in North America
94 Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 96 (2017) A RARE OCCURRENCE OF THE FOSSIL WATER MOLE GAILLARDIA (DESMANINI, TALPIDAE) FROM THE NEOGENE IN NORTH AMERICA James E. Martin University of Louisiana Geology Museum School of Geosciences Lafayette, LA 70505 ABSTRACT One of the rarest fossil mammals of the Neogene of North America is the desman, which dispersed to North America from Eurasia. The desmans, notably the genus, Gaillardia, did not persist in North America but were able to widely disperse, with occurrences known from New Mexico, Oregon, and Nebraska. Only three North American localities had previously been known to produce water moles, but a new discovery from southern Oregon, Lake County, adds to the known distribution. A tephra associated with the fossil specimens produced an 40Ar/39Ar date of 5.74 ± 0.01 Ma. Therefore, the Fort Rock Formation, which produced the specimens, was deposited during the latest Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA). The Gaillardia specimens are associ- ated with fish, anurans, shrews, beavers (Dipoides), rabbits, and arvicolin rodents (Cosomys) indicating a riparian environment of deposition. Keywords Gaillardia, Talpidae, Oregon Hemphillian, semiaquatic specialization INTRODUCTION The Desmanini includes small semiaquatic mammals classified within the typi- cally fossorial family of moles, the Talpidae. Only two extant desman species are recognized, Desmana moschata, the Russian desman, and the smaller Galemys pyrenaicus, the Pyrenean desman. These small mammals are well adapted to a semiaquatic manner of existence as evinced by a laterally flattened long tail, webbed feet, small eyes, chemoreception, absence of an external ear, acute hear- ing, and dense hair for buoyancy. -
· the Sensorial World of the Pyrenean Desman, Galemys Pyrenaicus P.B
..· - Acta Zoo/. Fennica 173:255-258. 1985 The sensorial world of the Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus P.B. Richard Richard, P.B. 1985: The sensorial world of the Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyr~liaiCUJ . - Acta Zool. Fennica 173:255-258. The Pyrenca n dc,man is a small (56 g) in sectivore from the Iberian peninsula, particularl y the French Pyrenees. 11 li ves in mountain torrents at an altitude over 400 m. lis lri nship wi th moles (Talpa) goes back to the Eocenc. lt is an exclusively aquatic animal with strong specialisations, blindness for example. Highly developed tactile sense together with abundant food resources in the environmen1 explain its success. P. B. Richard. Laboratoire Sou terrain. Moulis, F-09200 Saint-Girons. France. 1. Introduction 2. Food The Pyrenean desman, Gnlemys pyrenaicus, is only T he Pyrenean desman feeds almost exlusively on known fro m the northern side of the Pyrenees and some animals from the river bottom; these are p redominantly mountains of Spain (M . Cantabriques, Leon, Sa. de arthropods such as larvae of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera Gredos, Sa. de Guadarrama) and Portugal (Minho, and Gamma ridae. The animal also coll ects food fa ll ing Douro and around Coimbra). Although discovered as into the water from river banks, viz. mollu cs, worms early as 1825, thi s species has the reputation of being and spiders. All this represents an import· nt biomass: difficul t to keep in captivit y and very few studies are every I 00 m of a small Pyrenean river produces a drift of avail able on it. -
Does the Jurassic Agilodocodon (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) Have Any Exudativorous Dental Features?
DOES THE JURASSIC AGILODOCODON (MAMMALIAFORMES, DOCODONTA) HAVE ANY EXUDATIVOROUS DENTAL FEATURES? JOHN R. WIBLE and ANNE M. BURROWS Wible, J.R. and Burrows, A.M. 2016. Does the Jurassic Agilodocodon (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) have any exudativorous dental features? Palaeontologia Polonica 67, 289–299. Obligate exudativory, including active wounding of bark to acquire gum and/or sap, is rare among extant mammals and does not show a consistent dental signature. A recently de- scribed Middle Jurassic docodont Agilodocodon was reconstructed as an exudativore based on proposed similarities of its lower anterior dentition to some extant New World monkeys, specifically marmosets, spider monkeys, and howler monkeys. Oddly enough, of these, only marmosets are exudate-feeders. In our reinvestigation, we did not find any significant resemblance in the lower (and upper) anterior dentition between the Middle Jurassic fossil and these extant New World monkeys. The marmosets, the only obligate platyrrhine exuda- tivores, have lower and upper incisors that are distinguished from Agilodocodon and other New World monkeys by having enamel restricted to the labial surface. Differential wear between the enamel and softer dentine maintains a chisel-like tooth that marmosets use in gouging bark. Additional comparisons of the anterior dentition of Agilodocodon and other extant mammals were conducted. The lower and upper anterior teeth of Agilodocodon were found to be most similar to some elephant shrews and South American marsupials, which have a primarily insectivorous diet. Agilodocodon does not show any dental adaptations found in extant mammals for exudativory. Key words: Docodonta, Agilodocodon, marmosets, exudativory, incisors, gums. John R. Wible [[email protected]], Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 5800 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.