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Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Automotive Ethernet Learn about the latest developments in Automotive Ethernet technology and implemen- tation with this fully revised second edition. With approximately 25% new material and greater technical detail, coverage is expanded to include r Detailed explanations of how the 100BASE-T1 PHY and 1000BASE-T1 PHY tech- nologies actually work r A step-by-step description of how the 1000BASE-T1 channel was derived r A summary of the content and uses of the new TSN standards r A framework for security in Automotive Ethernet r Discussion of the interrelation between power supply and Automotive Ethernet com- munication Industry pioneers share the technical and nontechnical decisions that have led to the success of Automotive Ethernet, covering everything from electromagnetic require- ments and physical layer technologies to Quality of Service, the use of VLANs, IP, service discovery, network architecture, and testing. This is the guide for engineers, technical managers, and researchers designing components for in-car electronics and for those interested in the strategy of introducing a new technology. Kirsten Matheus is a communications engineer who is currently responsible for the strategy of in-vehicle networking at BMW. She has established Ethernet-based com- munication as an in-vehicle networking technology at BMW and within the automotive industry. She has previously worked for Volkswagen, NXP, and Ericsson. Thomas Königseder is a communications engineer who manages the team for electro- magnetic compatibility at BMW. He was responsible for the first ever Ethernet connec- tion in a series production car with start of production in 2008. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Automotive Ethernet KIRSTEN MATHEUS BMW Munich THOMAS KÖNIGSEDER BMW Munich © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 4843/24, 2nd Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Delhi - 110002, India 79 Anson Road, #06-04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107183223 DOI: 10.1017/9781316869543 C Cambridge University Press 2017 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2015 Second edition 2017 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Names: Matheus, Kirsten, author. | Königseder, Thomas, author. Title: Automotive ethernet / Kirsten Matheus, BMW Munich, Thomas Königseder, BMW Munich. Description: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, USA : Cambridge University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016059791 | ISBN 9781107183223 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Automobiles–Computer networks. | Ethernet (Local area network system) Classification: LCC TL272.53 .M38 2017 | DDC 629.2/72–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016059791 ISBN 978-1-107-18322-3 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Contents Preface to the Second Edition page viii Preface to the First Edition xi List of Abbreviations xiii Timeline xxiv 1 A Brief History of “Ethernet” (from a Car Manufacturer’s Perspective) 1 1.1 From the Beginning 1 1.2 The Meaning of “Ethernet” 4 1.2.1 Ethernet in IEEE 5 1.2.2 Ethernet in Industrial Automation 8 1.2.3 Ethernet in Aviation 12 1.2.4 Ethernet in Telecommunications 14 1.2.5 “Automotive Ethernet” 17 1.3 Comparison of Markets 18 Notes 21 References 23 2 A Brief History of In-Vehicle Networking 30 2.1 Role of In-Vehicle Networking 30 2.2 Traditional In-Vehicle Networking 33 2.2.1 The Early Days of In-Vehicle Networking 33 2.2.2 Controller Area Network (CAN) 34 2.2.3 Local Interconnect Network (LIN) 39 2.2.4 Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) 42 2.2.5 FlexRay 46 2.2.6 Pixel Links 50 2.2.7 Consumer Links 53 2.2.8 Trends and Consequences 54 2.3 Responsibilities in In-Vehicle Networking 56 2.3.1 Role of the Relationship between Car Manufacturer and Suppliers 56 2.3.2 Role of the Relationships among Car Manufacturers 59 Notes 63 References 64 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information vi Contents 3 A Brief History of Automotive Ethernet 69 3.1 The First Use Case: Programming and Software Updates 69 3.1.1 Architectural Challenges 69 3.1.2 Potential Car Interface Technologies 70 3.1.3 The Solution: 100BASE-TX Ethernet 72 3.2 The Second Use Case: A “Private” Application Link 77 3.3 The Breakthrough: UTSP Ethernet for Automotive 79 3.4 BMW Internal Acceptance of UTSP Ethernet 80 3.4.1 Yet Another In-Vehicle Networking Technology 80 3.4.2 A Suitable Pilot Application 82 3.4.3 The Future of Automotive Ethernet at BMW 84 3.5 The Industry Framework for a New Technology 86 3.5.1 From a Proprietary Solution to an Open Standard 86 3.5.2 Shaping the Future at IEEE 88 3.5.3 Supportive Structures and Organizations 90 3.6 Industry-Wide Acceptance of Ethernet 92 Notes 94 References 96 4 The Physical Transmission of Automotive Ethernet 102 4.1 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 102 4.1.1 Coupling Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Interference 104 4.1.2 Standards for EMC 106 4.1.3 Measuring EMC 106 4.1.4 ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) 113 4.2 The Automotive Communication Channel 115 4.2.1 Channel Framework 116 4.2.2 Channel Parameters 117 4.2.3 The 100BASE-T1/OABR Channel 119 4.2.4 The 1000BASE-T1/RTPGE Channel 120 4.3 The Physical Layer (PHY) Technologies 123 4.3.1 100 Mbps Ethernet 124 4.3.2 1 Gbps Ethernet 151 4.3.3 Other Data Rates 162 4.4 Automotive Ethernet and Power Supply 165 4.4.1 Elements of the Power Supply Network 166 4.4.2 The Interconnection between Power Supply and Communication Technologies 168 4.4.3 Power over Data Line (PoDL) 169 4.4.4 Data over the Power Supply Network 170 4.4.5 Using Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) in Cars 171 4.4.6 Wake-Up 172 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Contents vii 4.5 The Quality Strain 174 4.5.1 Automotive Semiconductor Quality Standards 175 4.5.2 The CMC (Quality) for Automotive Ethernet 178 Notes 179 References 182 5 Protocols for Automotive Ethernet 189 5.1 Quality of Service (QoS), Audio Video Bridging (AVB), and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) 189 5.1.1 How Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Came to Ethernet 190 5.1.2 The Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Use Cases 192 5.1.3 The AVB Protocols and Their Use in Automotive 197 5.1.4 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) for Safety Critical Control Data 207 5.2 Security and Virtual LANs (VLANs) 211 5.2.1 Security in Automotive 211 5.2.2 Ethernet-Specific Security Aspects 215 5.3 The Internet Protocol (IP) 219 5.3.1 Dynamic versus Static Addressing 221 5.3.2 IPv4 versus IPv6 222 5.4 Middleware and SOME/IP 223 5.4.1 Definition of “Middleware” 223 5.4.2 The History of SOME/IP 223 5.4.3 SOME/IP Features 224 5.4.4 Service Discovery (SD) 227 Notes 230 References 234 6 Ethernet in Automotive System Development 241 6.1 A Brief Overview of the System Development Process 241 6.2 The Software Design 244 6.3 The Networking Architecture 245 6.3.1 EE Architecture in Perspective 245 6.3.2 The In-Vehicle Communication Network 248 6.3.3 The Supply Network 256 6.4 Test and Qualification 258 Notes 261 References 263 7 Outlook 264 Notes 267 References 268 Index 271 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18322-3 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Preface to the Second Edition In September 2011, Automotive Ethernet was still at its very beginning. BMW was far and wide the only car manufacturer seriously interested. In 2011, BMW had been in production with 100BASE-TX for diagnostics and flash updates for three years and had decided to go into production in 2013 with what is now called 100BASE-T1 in its new surround view system.
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