Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) an Industry-Wide Initiative to Manage the Complexity of Emerging E/E Architectures

The Fully Networked Car ITU-T Workshop on ICT in Vehicles

2-4 March, 2005 75th Geneva International Motor Show

AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) An Industry-wide Initiative to Manage the Complexity of Emerging E/E Architectures

Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst Vehicle System Electronics, Volkswagen AG

Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung Elektronikstrategie E E Growth of vehicle electronics complexity is driven by four main objectives.

React faster and more precise Vehicle personalization than humans to avert imminent danger (N-Zones air condition, Keyless (ESP, ABS, Airbag, ...) Entry, ...)

Vehicle Assistance Comfort .2005-03-03

Growing vehicle complexity

Environment Driver Assistance Legal Requirements 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Relieve driver and enhance OBD diagnosis driver‘s focus Reduction of polluting exhausts (SVA, LVA, ACC, navigation) and fuel consumption Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 1 Elektronikstrategie E E A large number of ECUs are networked in a recent car (2005).

Headlight levelling Rain/light sensor Dynamic Bending Light Engine management

Wiper module Steering booster Air condition Steering column Comfort Instrument cluster Start/Stop System .2005-03-03 ABS/ESP Gateway Transmission

Driver‘s door Sunroof

Adaptive Cruise Control Back door 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Keyless Entry Parking distance control system Electrical system El. Parking Brake Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 2 Elektronikstrategie E E The number of networked ECUs increased 2-3fold with the introduction of the current generation of VW cars.

50 Passat B6 45 Touareg 40 Phaeton D1 Golf A5 35

30 .2005-03-03 25 Passat B5GP 20 15 Passat B5 Golf A4 10 Golf A4, Polo A04 5 Golf A4 Show Motor International Geneva 75th

Number of networked ECUs Number of networked LIN) (CAN, SUB-CAN, 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 3 Elektronikstrategie E E A new generation of vehicles introduced in 2001-2003 marks the transition from single components to a functional network.

! Continuously rising number of ECUs .2005-03-03 ! Infotainment ! ECUs with networked functions ! Power Management increase system complexity ! Human-Machine-Interface ! Management of the complexity requires thinking on a system level – ‚Systems Engineering‘. 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 4 Elektronikstrategie E E While progress has been made with respect to some components, system quality is unsatisfying.

Field failures Defects per Airbag ECU* 100 cars

100% 75 ~constant number of defects per function

80% .2005-03-03 50 60%

40% 25 electronic functions 20%

0% 0 Show Motor International Geneva 75th 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 50 100 150 200 250 300

JD Power IQS ratings: defects per 100 vehicles, October 2003, Source: Bosch * referred to 1999 = 100 % sum of „Features and Controls“, „Sound System“, „HVAC“ Source: JD Power & Associates; McKinsey and Company Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 5 Elektronikstrategie E E Management of the grown complexity requires professional system engineering supported by standardization.

Industry-wide standardization System Engineering

Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) .2005-03-03

Establishment of an open •SoFa Functional Specification Final Functional Final •WiFa Requirements acceptance standard for automotive Requirements Experience acceptance • KAF E/E architectures SystemSystem Design Design Specification •Intensive tests SystemSystem test test ArchitectureArchitecture • Standardization and Results

re-use MappingMapping IntegrationIntegration to ECUs test • Reference Station • Scalability to ECUs test •HiL 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th • Transferability of ECU ECU Test Development Test functions Supplier Development • Improved maintenance Development and software updates Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung Elektronikstrategie E E Starting conditions were insufficient to manage the growing E/E complexity at the end of the 1990s.

Each manufacturer uses his own Industry is fragmented. standards. .2005-03-03 Completely different solutions For OEMs, electronic for identical customer components are black boxes. functions. 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Long-term use of proven electronic components is economically not feasible. Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 7 Elektronikstrategie E E AUTOSAR aims to improve complexity management of integrated E/E architectures through increased reuse and exchangeability of SW modules.

OEM n OEM 1

Platform m.1 Platform m.2 Platform 1.1 Platform m.n Platform 1.2 Platform 1.n Supplier A Supplier B

" Chassis " Chassis Transferability .2005-03-03 Transferability " Safety " Safety between suppliers between manufactureres " Body/Comfort " Telematics " Multimedia " Multimedia OEM m OEM 2 Supplier C " Body/Comfort " Powertrain " Telematics " Multimedia 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th

Platform m.1 Platform m.2 Platform 2.1 Platform m.n Platform 2.2 Transferability Platform 2.n between vehicle platforms Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 8 Elektronikstrategie E E AUTOSAR was launched in 2002 to establish an open standard for automotive E/E architectures.

Official formation of the AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) First talks between BMW, partnership Bosch, Continental Teves, DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen, and later Ford, Peugeot Citroën, and Siemens VDO Toyota become Core Members .2005-03-03

Establishment of a General Motors joins as a technical team Core Member 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th

08/02 11/02 08/03 11..12/03 12/04 Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 9 Elektronikstrategie E E AUTOSAR integrates existing and emerging industry electronics standards.

MSR Manufacturer-Supplier Relationship

OSEK/VDX

ASAMASAM/ODX ODX 2002 .2005-03-03 Media Orientated AUTomotive Open System Transport System ARchitecture

Hersteller Initiative Software

FlexRayHIS 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Local interconnect network

2001 2006 Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 10 Elektronikstrategie E E The AUTOSAR standard is jointly developed by core partners and premium members and supported by additional roles.

Core Partner (OEM & Tier 1 Supplier) # Strategy # Organizational control # Technical contributions # Administration # Approval of external Information .2005-03-03 # Leadership and contribution in working groups

Premium Members # Leadership of working groups Support Roles: # Involvement in working groups # Development # Technical contributions Members # Access to current information # Attendees 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th

Associate Members # Access to finalized documents # Implementation of standards Organization similar to FlexRay Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 11 Elektronikstrategie E E Worldwide, OEMs and suppliers participate in AUTOSAR.

10 Core Partners Development Members Attendees 7 Associate Members .2005-03-03 35 Premium Members 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th

General Generic Standard Tools Semi- OEM Tier 1 Software conductors Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 12 Elektronikstrategie E E The AUTOSAR core partners manage the project and maintain organizational control.

Project Organization Support Functions

Executive Board

Spokes- Technical Manager Steering Committee person

Project Control .2005-03-03 Office

PL Team

Administration System Team Technical Office

Basic SW Show Motor International Geneva 75th Architecture Team

Working Groups Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 13 Elektronikstrategie E E Approximately 200 full time equivalent employees are working for AUTOSAR.

Estimated full time equivalents in the project organization (total ~ 200 FTE)

15 10 3 7 WP Active 7 WP Speaker .2005-03-03 13 System Team PL-Team Steering Committee Support Functions WP Passive 145 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 14 Elektronikstrategie E E To achieve the objectives, AUTOSAR has to address the main topics: software integration, basic software, and functional APIs.

Project Objectives Topics

# Consideration of availability and safety requirements

# Redundancy activation

# Scalability to different vehicle and platform variants # Methods of Software Integration .2005-03-03 # Implementation and standardization of basic system functions as an OEM wide “Standard Core“ solution

# Transferability of functions throughout network # Basic Software

# Integration of functional modules from multiple suppliers # Functional APIs

# Maintainability throughout the whole “Product Life Cycle“ Show Motor International Geneva 75th

# Increased use of “Commercial off the shelf hardware“

# Software updates and upgrades over vehicle lifetime Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 15 Elektronikstrategie E E The AUTOSAR ECU software architecture comprises the layers Application, AUTOSAR Run Time Environment (RTE), and Basic Software.

Application Actuator Sensor Application Software Software Software AUTOSAR Software Component Component Component Component AUTOSAR Software AUTOSAR AUTOSAR AUTOSAR Software AUTOSAR Component Interface Interface Interface ...... Interface AUTOSAR Runtime Environment (RTE) .2005-03-03 Standardized Interface Standardized Standardized AUTOSAR AUTOSAR AUTOSAR Interface Interface Interface Interface Interface ECU Services Communication Abstraction Standardized Standardized Standardized Standardized ECU Inteface Interface Interface Interface Firmware Complex Operating Device System

Drivers Show Motor International Geneva 75th Standardized Interface Basic Software Microcontroller Standard Abstraction Software ECU-Hardware Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 16 Elektronikstrategie E E AUTOSAR applications contain functional software components.

Drivers Show Motor International Geneva 75th Standardized Interface Basic Software Microcontroller Standard Abstraction Software ECU-Hardware Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 17 Elektronikstrategie E E The Run Time Environment (RTE) forms the central communication layer.

Drivers Show Motor International Geneva 75th Standardized Interface Basic Software Microcontroller Standard Abstraction Software ECU-Hardware Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 18 Elektronikstrategie E E The AUTOSAR Basic Software supplies standardized interfaces to access the infrastructure.

Drivers Show Motor International Geneva 75th Standardized Interface Basic Software Microcontroller Standard Abstraction Software ECU-Hardware Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 19 Elektronikstrategie E E The use case ‘Front Light Management’ illustrates the interaction of components within the AUTOSAR architecture.

Switch event Light Request Front-Light Manager SW-Component Application check_switch () switch_event (event) request_light (type, mode) n Software switch_event request_light get_keyposition ( ) (event) (type, mode) set_light (type, mode) AUTOSAR ... set_dboard(type,mode) Interface

API 2 AUTOSAR RTE

API 1 .2005-03-03 AUTOSAR AUTOSAR set_light(...) Interface Interface AUTOSAR get_keyposition ( ) Interface set_dboard (type,mode) Headlight HW independent Abstraction HW dependent HW dependent Services Services Services Operating (NVRAM, Timer, (e.g. State- (NVRAM, Timer, Systems fault memory Machines, fault memory etc.) Subscribing) etc.) Basic Software (standardized) Basic Software Complex standardized interface Device API 0 Driver standardized standardized Interface Interface

SPAL Show Motor International Geneva 75th DIO PWM ADC COM Driver

Microcontroller Abstraction ECU-Hardware Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 20 Elektronikstrategie E E Replacing the headlight by another type has only minimal impact on the components involved in the use case.

Switch event Light Request Front-Light Manager SW-Component Application check_swtich () switch_event (event) request_light (type, mode) n Software switch_event request_light get_keyposition ( ) (event) (type, mode) set_light (type, mode) AUTOSAR ... set_dboard(type,mode) Interface

API 2 AUTOSAR RTE

API 1 .2005-03-03 AUTOSAR AUTOSAR set_light(...) Interface Interface AUTOSAR get_keyposition ( ) Interface set_dboard (type,mode) Xenon-lightHeadlight HW independent Abstraction HW dependent HW dependent Services Services Services Operating (NVRAM, Timer, (e.g. State- (NVRAM, Timer, Systems fault memory Machines, fault memory etc.) Subscribing) etc.) Basic Software (standardized) Basic Software Complex standardized interface Device API 0 Driver standardized standardized Interface Interface

SPAL Show Motor International Geneva 75th DIO PWMDIO ADC COM Driver

Microcontroller Abstraction ECU-Hardware Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 21 Elektronikstrategie E E Following the AUTOSAR Method, the E/E architecture is derived from the formal description of software and hardware components.

Using „Software Component Descriptions“ as input, the „Virtual Functional Bus“ validates the interaction of all components and .2005-03-03 interfaces before actual software implementation.

The AUTOSAR Method supports the generation of an E/E architecture. Show Motor International Geneva 75th Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 22 Elektronikstrategie E E page 22 The AUTOSAR standard will be completed and available to OEM product development in 2006.

05/03 09/04 11/05 08/06

12/03 06/05 02/06 Mile- stones

Initiation of Structure & Basis StandardizationImplementation of the Test- & Integration- Phases

Partnership Specification AUTOSARSW-Components architecture process .2005-03-03

AUTOSAR Project plan AUTOSAR Concept and first AUTOSAR compatibility of selected specifications are created specification are created and SW modules is approved. First tested and verified and agreed executability is approved tools and generators are available on an application

AUTOSAR concept (specification Realization of Run Time Show Motor International Geneva 75th Evaluated test and integration and preparation of a de-facto Environment feasible and on process (product oriented) standard) is feasible and in plan track

WP10 / WP20 Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 23 Elektronikstrategie E E AUTOSAR contributes elements to the integrated Systems Engineering approach.

Concept & Architecture Integration RE/RM, model-based development, Simulation, test against requirements architecture evaluation

Process Systems Engineering Standard. of Basic Software

PCO, Version Management and Architecture .2005-03-03

Deterministic Standardization of Interfaces Behaviour 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th Modularity and Transferability of Functions Central System Functions Power Management, Diagnosis Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 24 Elektronikstrategie E E Conclusion

Fast growth of the complexity of automotive E/E architectures is a major 1 challenge with respect to product quality.

Through interconnection of subsystems, new system properties emerge 2 which have to be understood and controlled. .2005-03-03

Systems Engineering is an integrated approach which covers the 3 development process and the complete product life cycle.

AUTOSAR enables management of the growing E/E complexity with respect 4 to technology and economics. 75th Geneva International Motor Show Motor International Geneva 75th

AUTOSAR pushes the paradigm shift from an ECU based to a function 5 based approach in automotive software development. Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung page 25 Elektronikstrategie E E Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit .2005-03-03 .2005-03-03 75th Geneva International Motor Show Show Motor Motor International International Geneva Geneva 75th 75th Dr. Thomas Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Scharnhorst: Thomas Thomas Dr. Dr. Elektrik-/Elektronik-Entwicklung E E page 26 ThankElektronikstrategie you for your attention