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Vol. 10, No. 2 nternatlona• April 1986 etln• Looking Back to the Futore ofMission he distinguished British historian E. H. Carr once ob the legacy of Arthur Judson Brown, an American Presbyterian T served, "You cannot look forward intelligently into mission board secretary whose influence on evolving mission pol the future unless you are also prepared to look back attentively icy and the ecumenical movement in the early part of this century into the past." There are important lessons from the past for the is not widely appreciated. future of the Christian mission that are addressed in this issue of The list of Doctor of Missiology projects from Trinity Evan the International Bulletin. gelical Divinity School is further evidence of vitality in contem Tracey K. Jones, [r., reviews four clues in the history of the porary mission studies. Christian mission that were discerned by Kenneth Scott Latour From such research in the history of the Christian world ette, and then applies these to the situation in world mission mission, we may indeed be better prepared to "look forward today. intelligently into the future." In this issue we are pleased to introduce a new series, "My Pilgrimage in Mission." The purpose of the series is to pass on the lessons learned by the present generation of mission scholars and leaders to the coming generation, and to disclose how the On Page writers have come to their current understanding of mission. The series offers autobiographical reflections by a spectrum of persons 50 History's Lessons for Tomorrow's Mission who have influenced contemporary thought and strategy in world Tracey K. Jones, Jr. mission. We have asked them to reflect on their personal and professional pilgrimage, and to share with our readers what has 53 My Pilgrimage in Mission shaped their thinking. The first contribution in the series comes Donald McGavran from Donald McGavran, founder of the School of World Mission at Fuller Theological Seminary, and "father" of the current 59 A Vision for Evangelizing the Real America church-growth strategy in mission. In our next issue we shall C. Peter Wagner haveWalbertBiihlmann's contribution, to be followed by Johannes Verkuyl, Eugene Nida, and others. 65 Responses to the Article by C. Peter Wagner A student and successor of Donald McGavran at Fuller School Virgil Elizondo and Ignacio Castuera of World Mission, C. Peter Wagner, addresses the task of evan gelizing ethnic minority groups in the United States. Responses 67 C. Peter Wagner Replies to his article come from two Hispanic American church leaders- a Catholic and a Protestant-with a reply from Dr. Wagner. 67 The Roots of African Church History: Some Polemic Paul Jenkins, from the Basel Mission, offers timely sugges Thoughts tions as to why the gathering of documentation from grassroots Paul Jenkins Christian groups in Africa should involve "learning what the village people already know." 71 The Legacy of Arthur Judson Brown Judging by the responses from our readers, the most popular R. Park Johnson feature of the International Bulletin is our award-winning "Leg acy Series" of articles about persons (no longer living) in the 76 Doctor of Missiology Projects, 1981-1985 nineteenth and twentieth centuries who had unusual influence on Trinity Evangelical Divinity School mission work, strategy, and theory. Given the richness of work to be done in this field and the importance of what can be learned 78 Book Reviews for the future, we assure our readers that this series will continue for several years to come. In this issue, R. Park Johnson studies 96 Book Notes • • of ISSI000ry scorch History's Lessons for Tomorrow's Mission Tracey K. Jones, Jr. Now the Lord is the Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is there is freedom [2 Cor. 3:17]. he Christian mission around the world today is in among the most unexpected people, and from a historical T colossal confusion. There is no agreement as to priorities. perspective caught the established church of the day by surprise. There are those who give the first priority to church growth. Third, in the great periods of missionary history numerical Others would give the priority to the poor. Still others would see growth could be predicted but it would have been impossible to the priority as one of confronting the "principalities and pow forecast in what geographic area and among what people it was ers" of racism, militarism, repression of human rights, and eco to take place. There were always surprises. nomic exploitation. Then there are those who would focus on the Fourth, in those periods of church history when the mis needs of women and children. Finally there are those who argue sionary tides were running high there were always sustained that the most important priority of all is a fresh approach on the efforts on the part of those who were involved in the missionary part of Christians to people of other faiths. Nor is there a con movement to influence the political, social, cultural, and economic sensus among Christians as to which of the voices claiming global environment. Their efforts to influence the environment often mission leadership should be followed. There are the fundamen brought them into conflict with those in political power. talists, the evangelicals, the ecumenists, and the liberationists. All of these voices can rally the support of millions of Christians The Nineteenth Century on all six continents. It is difficult to make sense out of this global missionary situation. It is clearly a time of colossal confusion and For Kenneth Scott Latourette the greatest of all the centuries of untidiness. Many are tempted to despair of finding any clues that missionary history was the nineteenth century, from 1814to 1914. might help us see where the Spirit of the Lord is at work in the When the century opened in 1800, 8 percent of the people of the churches around the world today. world were Christian and almost all of them lived in Western and Eastern Europe. But by the end of the century 28 percent of the Four Clues from the Past world's population was Christian and they were to be found on every continent and on most of the islands scattered across the If you have read Kenneth Scott Latourette's seven-volume study, Pacific. Within the churches it was a time of colossal confusion A History of the Expansion of Christianity, you will remember that and untidiness. But four things stood out. The name of Jesus, untidiness and confusion have characterized the great periods of truly human and truly divine, was on the lips of those who shaped missionary expansion. There are, he writes, riddles to church the direction of the missionary movement throughout the cen history. There are periods when the tides of missionary creativity tury. This was true in the Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox and expansion have, like the ocean tide, run high. Then to be churches. As an old saying goes: "They were men and women followed by other periods when the tide of missionary creativity who loved Jesus, loved to travel, were prepared to be fools for and expansion has, like the tide, retreated with losses in numbers Christ's sake, and had a few screws loose!" and vitality. Why some periods have been "high tides" and The second characteristic during the nineteenth century, others "low tides" is never clear, he writes, but the historical writes Latourette, was a proliferation of new missionary com evidence is unmistakable that there were those periods. It is his munities and among the most unexpected people. The most influ conviction that in all of the great periods of missionary history ential British missionary of the first part of the nineteenth century four things happened. was William Carey. He was neither a member of the Church of First, those who assumed leadership were people for whom England nor a priest, but a Baptist and a cobbler. When the nine loyalty to Jesus was a central concern. They believed in the Bible teenth century opened, one could never have predicted that men and loved the church, but the central focus of their lives was and women like William Carey and his wife would provide the Jesus, truly human and truly divine. He was the One who had spiritual and moral energy that would shape the missionary out called and sent them. Historically, he argues, that is what explains reach of the churches in Great Britain. The same surprises were these periods of missionary renewal and expansion. to be experienced within the churches in North America. During Second, in those periods of expansion there was an emer that century hundreds of new missionary communities emerged gence of new missionary communities that attributed their exist in both the Protestant and the Catholic churches. They were in ence to the presence of Jesus in their midst. Again and again over strumental in shaping the Christian mission not only on the the centuries they surfaced in the most unexpected places and American continent but to Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific. For all of these missionary communities of the nineteenth century, to quote another well-known slogan of the century, "No place is too far, no barrier too high, no need too deep, and no price Tracey K. Jones, [r., grew up in Canton, China, as a son of YMCA missionaries. too great!" The Methodist "circuit riders" were but one of He was educated at Ohio Wesleyan University and Yale Divinity School, where hundreds of new missionary "communities" that surfaced in he studied under Kenneth Scott Latourette. During 1945-55 he wasa Methodist the nineteenth century.