22740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE Septerr1.,ber 15, 1966 Kollin, to be senior assistant sanitary engi Accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 3 min guished ·guest comes to us as a veteran neer, which nominations were received by '!;he utes p.m.), the House stood in recess of our forces, a much decorated hero of Senate and appeared in the CoNGRESSIONAL subject to the call of the Chair. epic battles for freedom and security, a REcORD on September 6, 1966. statesman of high ideals, whose vision has already found responsive chords in •• .... •• JOINT MEETING OF THE HOUSE those reaches of the world where aggres AND SENATE TO HEAR AN AD sion once again is on the move and where HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF free men, once more, are rallying to the THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIP cause of freedom. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1966 PINES It is my great privilege, my colleagues, and I deem it a high honor, to present The SPEAKER of the House presided. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Doorkeeper, Hon. William M. Mil- to you His Excellency Ferdinand E. Mar The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, ler, announced the Vice President and cos, President of the Republic of the D.D., offered the following prayer: Philippines. Members of the U.S. Senate, who entered [Applause, the Members rising.] Unto Thee, 0 Lord, do I lift up my the Hall of the House of Representatives, soul.-Psalm 25: 1. the Vice President taking the chair at 0 spirit of the living God, whose still, the right of the Speaker, and the Mem small voice still summons us to turn bers of the Senate the seats reserved for A:.>DRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF aside from the feverish ways of foolish them. THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIP men, drop Thy still dews of quietness, The SPEAKER. The Chair appoints PINES till our strivings cease; take from our as members of the committee on the part President MARCOS. Mr. Vice Presi souls the strain and stress, and let our of the House to conduct the President of dent, Mr. Speaker, distinguished Mem ordered lives confess the beauty of Thy the Republic of the Philippines into the bers of Congress, ladies and gentlemen, peace. Chamber the gentleman from Louisiana, I must first thank the distinguished In this mood we come this day and Mr. BoGGs; the gentleman from Wiscon Speaker of the House of Representatives bow our hearts at this altar of prayer. sin, Mr. ZABLOCKI; the gentleman from for his generous introduction. May we be led into green pastures, be California, Mr. Moss; the gentlem·an When youi· distinguished diplomat ·by side still waters, and find restoration of from Michigan, Mr. GERALD R. FORD; the instinct and by necessity, Vice President spirit and a renewal of our faith in Thee. gentleman from illinois, Mr. ARENDS; HuMPHREY, extended to me the invitation Even though we walk through the valley and the gentlewoman from Ohio, Mrs. of your great leader President Johnson of the shadow of death we will fear no BOLTON. to visit the United States in his now evil for Thou art with us, strengthening The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair well-storied and effective trips to Asia, I us and supporting us. appoints as members of the committee did not expect the distinct honor of ad Bless Thou the Members of this House on the part of the Senate to accompany dressing a joint session of the U.S. that they may have wisdom and faith the President of the Republic of the Congress. and courage for the experiences of this Philippines into the Chamber the Sena For there is no more noble forum than day, and may they never fail man nor tor from Montana, Mr. MANSFIELD; the the U.S. Congress. It is the Foro Ro Thee. So may we and other nations to Senator from Louisiana, Mr. LoNG; the mano, the Roman Forum of the mod gether find the way to peace. In the Senator from Florida, Mr. SMATHERS; ern world. For, indeed, in our century, Master's name we pray. Amen. the Senator from Georgia, Mr. RussELL; you are more than the voices of the the Senator from Arkansas, Mr. FuL American people or of American civiliza BRIGHT; the Senator from Illinois, Mr. tion. The voices that speak here speak to THE JOURNAL DIRKSEN; the Senator from Iowa, Mr. every man of the world. And it is here, HICKENLOOPER; the Senator from Cali since the 18th century, that the issues The Journal of the proceedings of yes fornia, Mr. KucHEL; the Senator from of modern times have been expressed and terday was read and approved. Vermont, Mr. AIKEN; and the Senator debated. Your decisions impinge upon from Massachusetts, Mr. SALTONSTALL. the lives of the lowly and powerful alike. The Doorkeeper announced the am Conscious of these circumstances, I MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE bassadors, ministers, and charges d'af come as an Asian, and I come with ames faires of foreign governments. sage from Asia and especially my coun A message from the Senate, by Mr. The ambassadors, ministers, and Arrington, one of its clerks, announced try, the Philippines. charges d'affaires of foreign governments For, in culmination of a novel experi that the Senate had passed, with an entered the Hall of the House of Rep ment in government, the United States amendment in which the concurrence of resentatives and took the seats reserved dismantled its colonial machinery in my the House is requested, a bill of the for them. country some 20 years ago on July 4, House of the following title: The Doorkeeper announced the Cab 1946. It is as the elected representa H.R.16559. An act t• amend the Marine inet of the President of the United States. tive of an Asian nation of 32 mil11on Resources and Engineering Development Act The members of the Cabinet of the people whose independence and destiny of 1966 to authorize the esta"Jlishment and President of the United gtates entered in the modern world had been the sub operation of sea grant colleges and programs the Hall of the House of Representatives by initiating and supporting programs of ject of debate in this Hall, that I stand education and research in the v:.rious fields and took the seats reserved for them in before you today. relating to the development of marine re front of the Speaker's rostrum. I come before you as the bearer of sources, and for other purposes. At 12 o'clock and 31 minutes p.m., the these messages. Doorkeeper announced the President of FIRST MESSAGE-FRATERNAL AFFECTION The message also announce(~ that the the Republic of the Philippines. Senate agrees to the rep-.~rt of the com The President of the Republic of the The first is a message of fraternal af mittee of conference on the disagreeing Philippines, escorted by the committee fection from the Filipino people. VJtes of the two Houses on ti:e amend of Senators· and Representatives, entered America occupies a special place in ments of the House to the bill (H.R. the Hall of the House of Representatives, Philippine hearts. So do the American 13712) entitled "A~1 act to amend the and stood at the Clerk's desk. people. And we Filipinos, for our part, Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to ex [Applause·, the Members rising.] are proud to be counted among Ameri tend its protectior_ to additional em ·The SPEAKER. Members of Con ca's friends and allies. gress, our country today is honored to I have journeyed 10,000 miles across ployees, to raise the minimum wage, and the Pacific and continental America. I for other purposes." have in its midst one of the world's most dynamic leaders from one of Asia's most have come from Asia, from what some vital countries, tied to us by true bonds may describe as another world. But I of friendship. feel at home in your midst. · RECESS Our Houses of Congress are also hon For here in America I breathe ana The SPEAKER. The House will stand ored to convene in joint meeting to hear tive air, the air of freedom that has in recess subject to thf) call of the Chair. the message of a friend. Our distin- become as much the breath of life for September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE .22741 our young Republic as it has been for war between your country and mine of committed to the cause of world peace yours for nearly 200 years. 1898 to 1902. based on law and justice. And in this· inner citadel of American BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR A distinguished historian has pre democracy, in this Congress of the For you redeemed all of these with dicted that future generations will re United States, where the vital pulse of such an enlightened colonial policy that gard as the noblest achievement of our freedom beats strong and true, my own the Filipino committed himself to de time, not military or scientific conquests, heart is at ease. struction in the frontlines of the lost but the acceptance of international re- At ease and full. For any citizen of battles of Bataan and Corregidor as well . sponsibility for the welfare of the entire the free world, to stand here is to re as the underground under American human family. If this should indeed be member how a great Nation was formed higher commanders. The frontiers of the verdict of history, America would be in liberty tempered by law. How the these historic places were manned by entitled to claim a major share of the greatest of democracies flourished in ·Filipino troops and Filipino officers. credit. For America has pioneered in freedom, and became, in two global wars, It matters not except to us that after giving reality to the revolutionary con the salvation of the world. And now, the Second World War the Filipino sol cept that rich nations should help those at the summit of its power, it is called dier felt disowned by you when you ap less fortunate than themselves, not only upon to lead in translating into reality ·proved the law which provided that serv because it is necessary to do so in today's the most cherished of humanity's hopes: ice of the soldiers of the Philippine Com interdependent world but because it is peace with justice, in a world rebuilt monwealth inducted to the U.S. Army right. upon a moral order that insures survival shall not be considered service in the We in the Philippines are also thank and growth even under the shadow of U.S. Army for purposes of benefits and ful America has discharged the awesome manmade total destruction. responsibility of being the first and fore For a Filipino like myself, to stand here rights granted by law. most atomic power in the world with re is also to remember that in this kindly For the American leaders again listen straint and wisdom. Humanity's safety land lies one of the fountainheads of his ing in a spirit of fairness have openly de and its chances for survival rest in the own country's liberties, that from here . clared an injustice had been committed ·hands of America and we thank God emanated the generous impulse that and you have sought and are still seeking that those strong hands are firmly har made possible a new birth of freedom in ·to right this wrong. nessed to the uses of peace and the heart the Pacific, that in a very real sense the KOREA that moves them entirely worthy of its Philippines is a sister republic of the So the Filipino soldier again died in solemn trust. United States. the battltfields of Korea beside his THIRD MESSAGE That new birth of freedom 1n our American comrades for the same cause, My third message is of greater urgency island nation was but the first of many. while the Republic of the Philippines was from the Philippines as well as from all The independence of the Philippines fighting its own war of survival against of Asia. initiated the dismantling of colonialism the Huks, the armed elements of com THE WALL OF FEAR in Asia, a historic process that was to munism in my country who had staged As an Asian friend who has read the extend to Africa and eventually become their own violent national liberation Asian mind and heart, allow me to speak worldwide. To America belongs the movement. VIETNAM in candor. pioneer's honor for bringing about one of We note some hesitancy, some frustra the glmies of our age: the vast exten And today we send our sons to South tion and doubts in America today. sion of the frontiers of freedom through Vietnam on an errand of mercy al After you lost the mainland of China the emergence of so many new sovereign though we face the retaliation of armed to communism, after the battles of states. communism in our own land in the midst Korea and the debacle of Dien Bien Filipinos believe that he who does not of a financial crisis. Phu, you have doubted your own look back to his origins will not reach his What matters was that you had will strength, your own competence, and goal. This belief applies to nations as ingly abided by the true image of Amer questioned your own wisdom. Even well as men. When I say that we Fili ica, at once providing in the Philippines after the commitment of your sons in pinos have a special regard for America, a condition of the spirit of freedom: Vietnam, still the question is asked: I look back to a Philippine-American Founding throughout the country a uni "Where are we headed for?" The association of more than half .a century, versal educational system; replacing the mothers ask, "Why must our sons die during which a friendship was formed feudal dispensation of the once regnant in some unknown land?" strong enough to endure the trials of war, Spanish regime with civil institutions; We condole with you because we too and I hope rich enough in living values helping the Commonwe~lth Government have lost our sons in battle. We too to meet the varied and stern challenges in its efforts to implement social and have known the horrors of war. God of peace. economic reforms, and, finally, introduc grant that America will never know THE REVOLUTION OF 1898 ing into our much-Europeanized culture, what we have known at first hand I look back and it was precisely this the technology, awareness, ideas, and ex Manila was the most ravaged city in the spirit of prevailing freedom in the United pertise of the vigorous civilization of the Far East after World War II, and, in the States, the ripeness of emancipation in new world. distinguished company of bombed-out your society, that made the Philippine And, as an Asian, may I say that this shattered cities, was next only to War revolutionary leaders in 1898 come into is precisely what has endeared the civil saw. consultation and some terms of partner ization of America to Asia. As Tagore God grant that America will never see ship with Admiral Dewey, even before a had declared, at the turn of the 19th what we saw-an occupation army in single American had landed on our century, it 1s the modern spirit of Liber full control of city and countryside. shores. alism that makes the West relevant to us. And we know what guerrilla warfare The facts are in history: the agree SECOND MESSAGE-VOTE OF THANKS means; we are intimate with its cruel ment between President Aguinaldo and The second message from the Philip connotations. And we know what it is Adm. George Dewey; the consensus of pines is a vote of thanks to America. to die in jungle fastnesses as well as in opinion between the Filipinos fighting an History recalls that twice in this cen street corners and alleys-as your young ancient monarchy and a colonial regime tury America's power, wielded with men once knew death in Berlin and and the Americans regarding the pro courage and heroism by the American Paris, as they are experiencing now in cedure of our finally realizing freedom. people, has provided the margin of the mud and mire of South Vietnam. THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR strength needed to bring world wars to a The Philippines is the only country, It matters not now to many what the victorious end. Twice after victory, perhaps, which has overcome a national true agreement was between American America shunned the prospect of world Communist rebellion with its own indige representatives and Filipino revolution domination and turned instead to the nous troops-without the aid of alien aries in Hong Kong-as to whether you tasks of peace. soldiery. And even today in the Philip promised independence, denied it, and The Filipino people are thankful that pines communism again has resurged as claimed the Philippines as a purchase the greatest military power in the world a reaction to our increased aid to the for $20 million-thus starting the bloody today is also the power most completely Republic of Vietnam. CXII--1434-Part 17 22742 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD- HOUSE September 15, 1966
You who have lost your sons in an un AFTER VIETNAM fall as was their experience in the Chi known land-why such death, you ask? But peace or victory in Vietnam is only nese mainland. When will these sacrifices end, and what part of the answer to the question of AMERICAN NATIONAL INTEREST does the future hold for all of us? Asian security. After Vietnam resurgent Asia may fall but America is the ulti These are your questions. Gone for China poses the bigger problem. Very mate target. It is, therefore, to your our moment of history is Grotius and his soon Communist China's growing mili national interest that the plan be vision of world order. Only you can an tary power may match its intransigence aborted. swer these questions. I can only offer and its expansionist ambitions. This is you my thoughts. the looming menace to Asian and world HOPES FOR PEACE IN VIETNAM You have built around you a wall of security today. For the past several months, several fear-the wall of fear of Asia and all If the problem were simply a power Asian states, the Philippines among things Asian. It is the wall of fear of equation, it could be solved tomorrow. . them, have been working quietly and Asian communism. It is the wall of the But at the heart of the matter lies an unobstrusively to bring about the first unknown, the distant, the unplumbed agonizing dilemma. prerequisite to peace in Vietnam and risks, and the imagined terrors. THE DANGEROUS PERIOD OF A SECURITY GAP that is to establish lines of communica For a time Asia cringed in anxiety as tions between North and South Vietnam. To the free Asian nations rightly be The suspension of hostilities in South there were suggestions that you forfeit long the primary responsibility for their your leadership in the Pacific because of Vietnam can be attained only by the own security and well-being. This is an selfless obsession for anonymity by the fear. inevitable and a welcome consequence of America, the time has not yet come for negotiators that is required in delicate independence. It is a privilege as well as and sensitive negotiations of this nature. you to lay down the heavy burden of a duty. However, China's power, bla leadership. Out of the bounty of yo~r To bring about peace in Vietnam will tantly militant and still unrestrained by involve long, tedious, confidential, and human and material resources, this great firm commitments to international law, country has already given more gener secret negotiations. Patience and forti is developing during the dangerous in tude and just the right touch of sophis ously to the common fund of human terim period when the other Asian states, welfare than any other single nation in tication and civility in the conduct of whether jointiy or alone, cannot organize these negotiations will succeed. Pub history. In the lifetime of this genera adequate defensive strength and before tion alone, America has contributed more licity should come only after peace has the United Nations has perfected its ca been negotiated. to the security and well-being of the free pacity to maintain international peace world than could ever be repaid by its and order. The resulting security gap From my point of view it will not mat beneficiaries. invites intervention, subversion, and for ter who will claim the credit for having For America by the inscrutable judg eign-inspired "wars of liberation." This brought about the successful negotiation. ment of destiny has become the trustee dangerous security gap which is the pres What matters now is that this violent, of civilization for all humanity. And ent period can only be filled by America. ruthless, and wasteful war must be America cannot escape this role. However much Asian nations may abhor brought to the conference table. WE ARE NOT WINNING THE WAR FOR THE MIND or at best regard with distrust such non The effectivity and success of the quiet AND HEART OF ASIA Asian power. It is only American mili type of diplomacy that I propose and The summons to America is world tary power that is acceptable in Asia and advocate has been demonstrated in the wide, but the area of greatest urgency is great enough to deter Communist China's dismantling of the confrontasi between my own region, Asia. In Asia today, the aggressive tendencies. Indonesia and Malaysia in which the issue of world war or world peace hangs As an Asian who has made it his life Philippines had a modest share. in perilous balance. In Asia the future work to study and know the Asian mind Even in this modern world for the of freedom is being disputed in battle and heart as reflected in the different success of conciliation the most impor fields as well as in the minds and hearts countries, allow me to remind you that tant factor to regard in Asian diplomacy of men-in the hamlets, the market the old hard -core leaders around Mao is that no nation or leader or diplomat places. Last year we were losing the Tse-tung are firmly and securely in loses face in the negotiations. Losing military war. Today the tide has turned. power. The mantle of authority upon face is still an unpardonable offense to The military initiative has transferred to the demise of Mao Tse-tung will fall an Asian. Vietnam and her allies. But we are not upon the shoulders of Marshal Lin Piao, AN ASIAN POLITICAL FORUM winning the war for the mind and heart the prophet of Mao Tse-tung still sup Perhaps in this juncture it is now of Asia. We are in danger of losing it. ported by Chou En-lai. This is a hard timely to speak frankly of the possibility In Asia the ultimate questions are political reality. During the lifetime of of an agrupation of Asian states consti being asked concerning man's capacity, these leaders at the least, it is believed tuting the ECAFE under the United Na in this atomic age, to survive his own by many that there is no probability of tions into a political forum which can suicidal instincts, fashion workable the moderation or mellowing of Chinese defuse or even settle any crisis that may modes of coexistence, and eventually Communist policies. It is felt that Mao arise in the region. build that better world to which his Tse-tung's version of protracted war, the Such an agrupation of necessity ac nobler self aspires. war of national liberation, shall be uti cepts again the reality of the diversity THE THREE CHALLENGES lized as an instrument of ideological ex of ideology among Asian nations. But pansion by means of an interminable an agrupation of like-minded states Asia today challenges America and the wave of guerrilla action sustained by rest of the world in three vital fields: would of necessity be suspect and security from aggression; economic co ruthless terror. be unable to bring about communi We are not against negotiations with cation between conflicting countries operation; and the definition of the moral with different ideologies and political be and political basis upon which a new, Red China nor do we espouse a cutting of communications with them. On the liefs. The establishment of the Asian more creative, more stable partnership Development Bank, I hope, will bring the could be built. contrary, we will support every effort to VIETNAM keep the channels of communication different nations together close enough open and hope that negotiation can and condition them to cooperation so The war in Vietnam agitates the whole bring about a suspension of hostilities that they can hammer out such an ar world and has brought into sharp focus but the military initiative just recently rangement. the problems of Asian security. We recovered should not be forfeited. AMERICAN POWER ON TERMS ACCEPTABLE TO stand with America in maintaining that aggression, whether perpetrated openly LIN PIAO' S PATTERN FOR CONQUEST ASIAN NATIONALISM or by proxy must be deterred and de Marshal Lin Piao's pattern of world The crux of the problem for America feated, that all nations, Asian or not, are conquest is summed up in his terse sim is to bring American power to bear in entitled to freedom from fear of sub plification that in the world Asia, Asia on terms acceptable to Asian na version or overt attack, that they should Africa, and Latin America are the rural tionalism. It is a difficult but not an have the period of peace they need to areas while Western Europe and North impossible task. Communist China's at attend unmolested to their urgent tasks America are the cities: That when the tacks on Korea, Tibet, and India had of economic and social development. rural areas are conquered, the cities will alerted neighboring countries to a devel- September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22743 oping pattern of expansionist design. region for security from aggression of all repel the Communist invasion of South The unsuccessful, Communist-inspired kinds, open or disguised, Asian or non Korea. coup d'etat in Indonesia last year pro Asian. The challenge t.o America is to THE SEATO jected this design into the forefront of extend to Asia the defensive shield of Out of the bitter experience of the war Asian con:sciousness. The result was a American power in forms consonant with in Korea, the Southeast Asia Treaty Or greatly heightened realization that Com Asian freedom and self-respect. The ganization--SEATO-was born. This munist China, soon to become a nuclear challenge to Asia is to discard the dry happened in Manila in 1954, 4 years after oower, has everybody's security problem meatless bone of mysticism and fatalism, President Quirino had first advocated i'equiring, for its solution, the coopera for the lifegiving substance of aspira the establishment of an anti-Communist tion of everyone. tion and endeavor; to leave the past be alliance to serve as the Asian equivalent THE NEW FACTOR--cHINA A COMMON SECURITY hind, recognize today's need for energetic of NATO. At the same time, the United PROBLEM TO ALL ASIAN NATIONS: AMERICA'S self-reliance and dignified maturity; to States entered into mutual defense alli DETERRENT POWER A NECESSITY make common cause against aggression, ances with the Philippines, Japan, Aus This new factor in the Asian solution is and meet America halfway in a joint tralia, and New Zealand. All these things just beginning to be discerned and has undertaking to make the future secure were done under ther. much-scorned but not yet fully developed and cannot be for all. now surprisingly topical Dulles doctrine appreciated outside Asia. It is among AMERICAN DISENGAGEMENT FROM ASIA of "brinkmanship" and "massive retalia the most significant and heartening de After the United States recognized the tion." velopments in the region in that one of independence of the Philippines in 1946, THE SALIENT ELEMENTS OF AMERICAN POLICY its meaningful aspects is the possible the American Government reluctantly The salient elements of American pol growing desire for regional cooperation yet realistically accepted the triumph of icy emerge from this brief recital of not only in the economic and social Communist power in the Chinese main recent events. The first is that, follow fields but possibly also in the political land as an accomplished fact. Still ing the end of the Second World War, and security matters. later, the Allied occupation of Japan, there was a deliberate attempt to orient Another is the enhanced awareness which was essentially an American American policy away from Asia and that for the present and the years im operation, was formally terminated. All the Pacific toward Europe and the At mediately ahead, Communist China's these developments added up to a recog lantic. The second is that American neighbors cannot expect, singly or to nizable policy of American disengage policy in Asia has been essentially pas gether, to "balance" China's crucial ment from the affairs of Asia. sive in character, developed and pur margin of nuclear power without the as EUROPE-FmST POLICY sued mainly in response to Communist sistance of non-Asian countries like In Europe, the trend was exactly the initiatives in subversion, aggression, and America. There is in consequence a new opposite. To the challenge of Soviet conquest. In short, the United States disposition to regard America's deterrent power following the end of the Second has been a reluctant participant in the power in Asia as a necessity for the dura affairs of Asia. tion of time required by the Asian na World War, the United States and its tions to develop their own system of re European allies countered with NATO. UNLIMITED COMMITMENT IN EUROPE, LIMITED gional security supported by what they In rapid succession, the Soviet attempt COMMITMENT IN ASIA hope would have become a greatly to drive the Westem Allies from West That reluctance did not spring from strengthened United Nations. Berlin was deflected by the Berlin air a new spirit of isolationism among the lift, and the Communist threat against American people: It sprang rather from THE THREE CONDITIONS OF ASIAN COOPERATION Greece and Turkey was nullified by the the feeling that prevailed among the It is a mood, both realistic and hopeful. Truman doctrine. America made it makers of American foreign policy at the Regarded with understanding and con abundantly clear that it was not pre time that while the United States could sideration, it could offer a wider basis pared to see Western Europe overrun by undertake a virtually unlimited commit for Asian cooperation than America has Soviet power. ment to defend Europe, it could only ac been able to achieve in the past. Three Thus, American policy in the period cept a limited commitment to defend conditions are indispensable to the after the war conformed more or Asia. This was duly reflected in the dif realization of that broader association. less to the Europe-first doctrine that fering obligations accepted by the United It must be based not on the narrow ide had dominated Allied strategy during States under NATO and SEATO. Amer ological alinements of the cold war but the war. The Filipino people, who were ican awareness of closer racial and cul on the inescapable reality of Asian diver the main sacrificial victims of that war tural affinities with Europe probably jus sity. It must work with the tide of time strategy, were deeply concerned tified this attitude in a situation where Asian nationalism instead of running that a similar strategic concept would American power was, in any case, inade counter to it. And it must be construc govern the postwar policy of the United quate to police the world as a whole. tive in spirit and purpose, looking be States. In 1949, from this same rostrum, VIETNAM JUSTIFIED NEITHER BY AFFINITY NOR yond victory in Vietnam to the creation President Elpidio Quirino, the second U.N. KOREA EXAMPLE of a milieu of justice and a rule of law President 'Of the Republic of the Philip pines, called upon the United States to Today, we face the fact of massive under which all Asian nations could American involvement in Vietnam-in a achieve their maximum potential for respond to the Communist menace in Asia with a Pacific equivalent of NATO. struggle which can neither be explained peaceful growth. on the basis of recognized affinities nor NOT TOO SOON TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITY His appeal fell on deaf ears, however, and the following year he was compelled justified by the example of the previous The experience of Vietnam suggests to convoke in Baguio City, on his own United Nations action in Korea. that it is not too soon to explore the cre responsibility, and without American HISTORY-UNITED STATES WAS FIRST PACIFIC ative possibilities of this new approach. support, the first Conference of South POWER BEFORE IT WAS AN ATLANTIC POWER To function in Asia without full Asian east Asia. History, however, may provide both support is to build on shifting sand. The KOREA-THE U.N. explanation and justification. One elementary fact of American history is greater the power projected from out Within months after the holding of side into Asia, the more compelling the that the United States was a Pacific the Baguio Conference, the Communists power long before it became an Atlantic need that it should operate in harmony struck in Korea. President Truman, with Asian aspirations, toward goals power. President Washington's injunc who had firmly challenged Communist tions against "entangling alliances" and compatible with Asian independence and ambitions in Europe while acquiescing to dignity. President Monroe's promulgation of the a policy of disengagement from Asia, doctrine that bears his name insured THE CHALLENGES TO AMERICA AND ASIA suddenly realized that Communist power America's virtual isolation from Eu America's deepening appreciation of was reaching out boldly toward Asia. ropean affairs. This isolation lasted a this need for a genuine basis of under Under the banner of the United Nations, long time, and America did not become standing and common purpose with Asia the United States and 15 other States, in an Atlantic power until after the First coincides with the growing desire in the .eluding the Philippines, joined forces to World War. 22744 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 15, 1966 COMMODORE PERRY . AND JAPAN, PHILIPPINES that the East-West confrontation in Eu With this "cordon sanitaire" effec HAWAII, AND ALASKA rope has been stabilized and that Com tively established around the eastern and By contrast, the United States became munist influence is in retreat in Asia southern flanks of Communist China, the a Pacific power just before the Civil War, and Africa. As late as 2 years ago, non latter might then realize that it could when Commodore Perry opened feudal alinement or Communist-leaning neu more usefully harness its energies to the Japan to the modern world. This was tralism was the prevailing policy enormous task of satisfying the needs followed at the turn of the last century among Asian states. Today, Ceylon, and improving the livelihood of its 700 by the acquisition of the Philippines, India, and Indonesia have virtually million people. Or it could turn around Hawaii, and Alaska, and by American abandoned their old, familiar stance of and begin looking over and across the support of the open door policy in China. neutralism and become firmly anti-Com 5,000-mile front which it shares with American rule over the Philippines, the munist. Pakistan appears to be desisting the Soviet Union. But that would be war in the Paci.fic, and the American from its open flirtation with Communist another story. occupation of Japan confirmed and China, while the Communist Parties of There was reason to say in m~tigation strengthened the status of the United North Korea and Japan have declared of Communist China's avowed policy of States as a Pacific power. their independence of Peking. universal revolution, that is, of abetting The American presence in Vietnam BENEFITS FROM AMERICAN PRESENCE and assisting "people's wars" abroad, makes sense only when viewed in the I personally know for a fact that the that while the rulers of Peking are vio historical context of the development of American presence in Vietnam pro lent in their speeches, they are remark the United States as a Pacific power. vided-though quite unintentionally ably nonviolent in their actions. In To recall this chapter of American his encouragement and support to those who recent weeks, however, many of the state tory is not, of course, necessarily to jus successfully resisted the attempted Com ments of the Chinese Communist lead tify the motives that brought the United ers as well as some of the actions which munist takeover in Indonesia. It is cer they have tolerated or encouraged, ap States to Asia. The truth is that the tain that the U.S. 7th Fleet in the China American Republic, having isolated itself pear to verge dangerously on the irra Sea as well as American airpower in the tional. Prudence dictates that we should from the affairs of Europe and having area rendered inoperative the so-called had no share in the spoliation of Africa, beware lest the fanaticism behind their Peking-Djakarta axis which the Indo words translates itsel:i into fanatical ac was obliged to turn to Asia, across the nesian Communist Party might other Pacific as the object of its belated_im tion, and lest their irrationality in do wise have invoked in the extremity of its mestic matters merely foreshadows irra perialist attentions. disastrous debacle in Java. NO MORE IMPERIALIST AMBITIONS IN ASIA tionality in foreign affairs. In effect, and almost without realiz No Asian country or government de Today, having relinquished control of ing it, we are even now already reaping sires the destruction of Communist the Philippines and terminated the oc valuable dividends from the American China. We who are its neighbors realize cupation of Japan, the United States presence in Vietnam. Those benefits are that we must coexist with China and the can truthfully disavow any surviving im certain to multiply as the non-Commu Chinese people. We need to adjust to perialist ambitions in Asia. The pres nist neighbors of China understand that the overwhelming fact that it exists in ence of American bases and American their security is guaranteed by the um our very midst. But, equally, Communist troops in South Korea, Japan, Okinawa, brella of American power. The assur China must accept the obligation to co and the Philippines could be justified as ance that has been given by President exist peacefully with its neighbors. This aiming solely to deter or repel any en Johnson that this protection will not means that i-t must abandon and for croachments of Communist power in suddenly be withdrawn tomorrow, thus swear its policy of exporting violence these areas. leaving them to the mercy of Chinese and fomenting disorder amongst its REPEAT THE AVOWALS communism, is an indispensable factor neighbors. This point should be made indubitably in maintaining the stability of south Until we receive assurances to this clear in the case of the American pres east Asia. end, the policy of the military contain ence in Vietnam. Americans and their DOMINO THEORY ment of China must continue. Government should never tire repeating The so-called domino theroy which WINSTON CHURCHILL ON GREATNESS that the United States is in Vietnam for many experts tend to discount, may be It was Winston Churchill who said, as the purpose of assisting that nation in an oversimplification. But it is certainly he rallied the battle-weary people of defending its independence and terri correct to argue that a country like Britain during the last w.ar, that the true torial integrity. They should give every Thailand, for example, is hardly likely measure of a nation's greatness is what assurance that they are not in Vietnam, to depend for its security on an Amer it can do when it is tired. On the basis or anywhere else in Asia, for the purpose ican Army that has been defeated or has of this criterion, the United States may of political hegemony or economic gain. withdrawn under fire from Vietnam. not, because of divided counsel at home, This, President Johnson has repeatedly Thailand would have to adjust to Chi because of increasing fatigue from end done. nese hegemony in Asia and its attitude less responsibility, or bec.ause of impa Such avowals of American purpose would be shared in varying degrees by tience with difficult allies, lay down the would correspond to the deepest aspira Laos, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Japan, heavy burden of power and, in effect, re tions of the non-Communist Asian na and the Philippines. sign as the leader-nation of the free tions themselves. Their common hope OBJECT-"CORDON SANITAIRE" world. and desire il:l to be given an opportunity Our object must be to hold the line in It is not easy for someone not an to consolidate their independence, to Vietnam and, at least, to roll back Com American to say these things to Ameri translate it in terms of a better life for munist power behind the 17th parallel. cans at a most trying moment in their their citizens, to determine and shape the This being achieved, we shall have pro history. It would behoove an outsider to destiny of their country without outside vided a necessary basis for joint action keep discreet silence on questions that interference of any kind. To achieve nave so deeply divided Americans. Hav these goals, these non-Communist na among the southeast Asia nations them selves in order to insure their collective ing served in the U.S. Armed Forces dur tions realize that they need the umbrella ing World War II and as a guerrilla offi o:Z American power to shield them from security. When this has been done, American cer during the Japanese occupation, I Communist infiltration, subversion, and cannot be indifferent to the grief of aggression. Without attempting to military power could withdraw to exist ing bases in the outlying islands and thousands of Americans and Vietnamese establish new or enlarged military al whose brothers, sons, and husbands are liances, it should be possible for the archipelagos: Japan, Okinawa, Taiwan, fighting and dying in Vietnam. United states to provide this protection and the Philippines. Together with the Though I have spoken of our stake in for all those nations that desire and ask U.S. 7th Fleet, this line of defense off for it. Vietnam in terms of .a battle of ideolo the Asian mainland could be rendered gies and a contest for power, I do not DOES AMERICA HAVE A NEGATIVE RECORD IN completely impregnable, while offering forget that the values involved in that FOREIGN AFFAIRS? needed support to any mainland nation struggle are profoundly human. Because Does America have a "negative" record that may be threatened by Communist the stakes are high, even decisive, in in foreign affairs? The record shows power. volving the very future of freedom in September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22745 Asia and, ultimately, in the world as a bridge. Increased capital- investments ization of doom. Beneath the overt unre whole, including this country, we should and more effective technical assistance solved conflicts of nations is the reality of like to see the hand of America remain are essential. But more important in the human conflict-man against his culture steady and sure on the wheel of power long run is the enhancement of the feel because it has not been able to accommo and responsibility. We should like to be ing of partnership between the nations date entirely his values and even man reassured that this great country, it.s giving aid and the nations receiving it. against himself. people and Government, shall never act THE MORAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE THE HUMAN CONDITION IS A DIALECTIC upon the agonizing issues of our time in Precisely because there is no shortcut The human condition is a dialectic and disgust or anger, or from a feeling of to economic development, the human fac man himself has forfeited the inner tiredness or a sense of panic, but in the tor should be kept constantly in view. harmony of his own nature. knowledge that they are confronted The moral basis of economic assistance Between the conceptions and actions with responsibilities that must be met, should never be forgotten in the pre of our civilization is a great divide of dis tasks that must be accomplished, and occupation with its material superstruc cordant facts. We have a politics, for battles that must be waged with all the ture. A sense of joint involvement in one instance, openly declared on democratic courage and wisdom at their command. of the great enterprises of this century is principles, but we witness the reality of THE PARALLEL IN THE ECONOMIC FIELD-MAX- needed to sustain both the rich and the inequality in our times; the fact of the IMUM SELF-HELP AND THE ECONOMIC poor nations during the long, difiicult subversion of the self-determination of DEFICIENCY journey toward the goal of a better life nations; the disintegration of interna A parallel situation obtains in the for all envisaged by the United Nations tional law itself because of the inability economic field. Here, too, the primary Charter. of nations and powers in the interna responsibility rests with the Asian coun THE MORAL ASPECT OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE tional community to live by the postu tries themselves. Economic and social TO ASIA lates of the rule of law. The system of development on a scale commensurate The moral aspect of economic coopera Grotius and the efforts of international with the aroused expectations of their tion is of particular relevance to Asia. ists to enlist reason and an ordered pos own people is a task deserving of their The nations of Asia give high priority to tulate of justice in the settlement of dis greatest effort and utmost dedication. economic progress. But their deepest putes have found no concrete actuality. Maximum self-help should be their hunger is not of the body; it is a hunger And yet, it cannot be denied that in watchword dictated as much by self of the spirit: the desire, after centuries our century the evidence of material ad respect as by sheer necessity. But here, of colonial bondage, for the fullest at vancement and the prosperity of peoples too, even heroic national exertions may tainable measure of human equality and is more true than at any other period of yet leave between success and failure, human dignity. human history. The conclusion, there between poverty and prosperity, a vital fore, is undeniable: that man cannot be margin-the economic gap which only THE LONGINGS OF ASIA This is the reason why the American sustained by the actuality of material assistance from outside can fill at this ism; that he does not live by bread alone, stage. And as in the field of security, Declaration of Independence still trans mits a living message to the peoples of and that it is only when wealth identifies foreign aid, though needed and desired, itself with the spirit that it justifies itself. must be extended without the harsh de Asia, why they hold Lincoln the emanci mands that remind Asia of its past en pator in such high regard, and why they AMERICAN LEADERSHIP NOT ONLY MILITARY BUT slavement and with some sophistication have been so deeply moved by Roosevelt's SPIRITUAL if not idealism, in ways compatible with proclamation of the four freedoms, Ken American leadership has never been Asian nationalism. nedy's ringing summons to a global solely military; more accurately, it has THE LINKS OF ECONOMICS TO SECURITY alliance for the upliftment of the human consistently been spiritual. condition throughout the world; and that THE MARSHALL PLAN, AND SO FORTH The links of economics with the prob is why President Johnson is called the Your Marshall plan to a devastated lem of peace are less obvious but no less liberator of Asia with his solemn promise real. Poverty is not only a fertile seed Europe; your corps of peace volunteers of military security and his challenge to a to Africa and Asia; your concern with the bed for Communist dictatorship and social revolution. other extreme solutions; it is also the democratic rehabilitation of Japan, an open gate to foreign-inspired subversion THEY MISJUDGED ASIA enemy country, even your economic aid and the open road to "wars of national They misjudge Asia who believe that to developing societies, and your readi liberation." When it afflicts a region as the material factor will be decisive for ness to come to the defense of nations vast and as populous as Asia, it becomes Asia's future. And they malign Asia who beleaguered in their just fight for sov a major threat to world peace. imagine that Asian nations are craven ereign rights-this is not America, the ASIA AND THE DREADFUL POTENTIAL OF opportunists, intimidated by brute military imperialist, but the same Amer TRIGGERING A WORLD WAR strength and ever ready to join the ica which saw in the conditions of the One-half of mankind living in abject winning side. America's Philippine ex Philippines, my country, the prospect for want or at bare subsistence levels con perience belies both beliefs. And if an a democratic experiment in Asia, the dis stitute an enormous drag on world pros Asian leader were to be asked to choose mantling of the colonial machinery that perity. Itself already a "sea of troubles," between indignity and hunger, he would was to end the enslavement of many impoverished Asia also has the more unhesitatingly choose hunger. And his peoples of the world. dreadful potential of triggering another people would go hungry with him. In Vietnam are the savagery and World War, offering as it does an almost ASIA IS AN ANCIENT CIVILIZATION ferocity, the treachery and bloodness of irresistible temptation for foreign in For Asia is an ancient civilization· and war. Yet, there America has identified tervention. And in the growing eco its culture is essentially shaped by phil itself with individual fulfillment, with nomic bipolarization of the world into osophy and religion and its actions freedom, with nobility of the soul, with rich nations becoming richer and poor moved by its ethical precepts. And social justice. 'nations becoming poorer--one of the when we react to the West, it is its ma For all the iron and steel you have piled most serious long-term threats to inter terialism, its scientific power that we con on solid ground, Vietnam remains a national security-Asia with its popula front and the signs of enervation of its vision and spirit which posterity, given tion explosion, its unsatisfied wants, and spirit. We discover a prosperous society the perspective of time, will be able to its deeply rooted grievances against the advanced in its technology and living by judge in its true light. past, would be a major factor for all of the fundamentals of power and the THE RELEVANCE OF REASSERTION OF AMERICAN humanity. machine and by its material excesses. LEADERSHIP Much is already being done through ex But even heTe we perceive the fact of There is, therefore, the relevance of a isting organizations, within as well as conflict arising from the inability of peo reassertion of American leadership-a outside the United Nations, to meet ples to accommodate the yearnings of leadership based on the concepts of this Asia's need for economic aid. More is re purely human values to be projected in new society as it was defined by your quired to fill that vital margin between this materialistic culture. And indeed in Founding Fathers and reiterated in the failure.and success which even the most our world, we witness not merely total American Declaration of Independence devoted application of self-help cannot war but also the acceptance of the total- a leadership that is bold and vigorous in 22746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September J.5, 1966 its liberalism, cutting across the dis the price for the liberties and ideals ing off the terrors of our enemies. If we tances between peoples which were cre which we all cherish. are overwhelmed, then Asia is lost to ated by misunderstanding, ignorance, It is precisely because of this that I communism but we would have had our and differences of human conditions and, have been hounded by loud persistent share of conflict. And if we fall, we shall just as your Founding Fathers had ven criticisms that I am much too pro-Amer have fallen with pride and shall have tured out to the open seas so much ican in my policies. Perhaps I am died with honor." feared for their imaginary terrors and emotionally so. For I was one of the But the critics were more cruel. And false depths of risks, let America once many who gambled everything-life, even the veterans scoff at our own scars more break through the wall of fear of dreams, and honor-on a faith in and the in battle. One of these scars I received Asia which has kept peoples apart and vision of America, when all was lost as in trying to save an American comrade. nations divided. the Stars and Stripes for the first time "Where is he now?" they ask. "He is THE AMERICA ENSHRINED in history was trodden to the ground in dead like many of our dreams." Asia. I have faith in your objectives in Yes, my American comrade died in my This is the America which the old Asia and am deeply convinced that de arms. We were surrounded and we had world had enshrined in its liberalism; mocracy such as ours in the Philippines to break out. He fell and, as he tried to the new society which immediately found can thrive in an ocean of neutrals and crawl to safety, I returned to him, to acceptance from the disenchanted na Communists but only if you keep true fall at his side-Filipino and American tions of Europe and Asia at the turn of to and abide by the image of fairness that blood commingling in Philippine soil. the 19th century-the image of the new is America. As I cradled him in my arms to a fox world that had bewitched Dutch sailors' And the truth is all of Asia watches hole, he died with the words: "Tell them eyes and the migrating vision of those how America will treat her most loyal back home, you who will live, my only who took flight from the tyranny of mon and steadfast ally. The whole world regret in dying is that America has failed archies-the green light of the 20th cen watches if America will mete out justice us." tury that has heretofore been a beacon to the Filipino veterans. There are I, the Filipino, assured the American, of the lost ideals of our times. rumblings among my people. Far too as if this would assuage his dying, "No, This is what has ennobled the image of many of them, including some of our in America does not forget and will not fail America. tellectual leaders, have long ago lost us.'' HOW CAN AMERICA REACH THE HEART OF ASIA? faith in your sense of fairness. Without Many years are past. Time should To those who ask how America can necessarily heeding the importunings of have muted the tone of confidence and reach the heart of Asia, I say: let Amer our Communist enemies, they are harsh the tyranny of circumstance should have ica speak from the depths of its own critics and have given up hope of Ameri eroded the memory but still today, I say heart: with the voice of Jefferson, with can justice. They claim American pol to you as I have said to my people: the compassion of Lincoln, with the icy desires only the permanence or pre "America does not forget. America will vision of Roosevelt, with Kennedy's dominance of American power in Asia re not fail us.'' clarion call to a crusade in behalf of the gardless of what happens to the indi At 1 o'clock and 42 minutes p.m., the weak, the oppressed, and defenseless; for vidual Asian and that you could not care President of the Republic of the Philip a world of hope, lawful orde.r, and grow less who lost his head to the tyrant pro pines, accompanied by the committee of ing freedom; let America speak through vided that tyrant was your tyrant. They escort, retired from the Hall of the House President Johnson's challenge for the cry "American help is self-help; America of Representatives. social revolution that would transform is a friend in need, her need." The Doorkeeper, Hon. William M. human society without violence to And it is paradoxical that after the Sec Miller, escorted the invited guests from human rights. ond World war we have had to endure the Chamber in the following order: America, speak to Asia in the words of American ridicule for our claims to equal The members of the President's Cabinet, President Johnson when he said: rights under the veterans laws of this the ambassadors, ministers, and charges country. We are unprepared for there By peace in Asia I do not mean simply the d'affaires of foreign governments. absence of armed hosti11ties. For where men buffs that we received but even less pre The SPEAKER. The purpose of the hunger and hate, there can be no peace. pared for the hostility in the attitudes of joint meeting having been completed, I do not mean that peace of conquest. For some of your executive officials who have the Chair declares the joint me.eting of humiliation can be the seedbed of war. had to deal with us. Our former com the two Houses hereby dissolved. And I do not mean simply the peace of the mon enemy, Japan, had been patient and Accordingly, at 1 o'clock and 45 min conference table. For peace is not written understanding. From you, our Allies, we utes p.m., the joint meeting of the two merely in the words of treaties, but in the expected nothing less. But we did not Houses was dissolved. day-by-day works of builders. get it. The Members of the Senate retired to The peace we seek in Asia is a peace of Sometimes I have stood alone or with their Chamber. conci11ation: between Communist States and a few loyal comrades as of old, belea their non-Communist neighbors; between rich nations and poor; between small nations guered by a sea of opposition as I reaf and large; between men whose skins are firmed loyalty to the American image. AFTER RECESS brown and black and yellow and white; be So, upon the kind invitation of your tween Hindus and Moslems and Buddhists great President, I have come to you with The recess having expired, the House and Christians. leave of my people. When I sought their was called to order by the Speaker at 2 It is a peace that can only be sustained counsel, they told me: "Go, young man o'clock and 30 minutes p.m. through the durable bonds of peace: through of many dreams and many scars, go to international trade; through the free :flow your friends. Go but once and no more." of people and ideas; through full participa PROCEEDINGS HAD DURING tion by all nations in an international com I can hear them say still: "Go with our munity under law;· and through a common misgivings for we know only too well the RECESS TO BE PRINTED dedication to the great tasks of human prog Americans' disdain for state visitors who Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ress and economic development. Is such a go to their land with promises of loyalty unanimous consent that the proceedings peace possible? to their ideals and global objectives but during the recess be printed in the With all my heart, I believe it is. We are with their palms and hands stretched RECORD. not there yet. We have a long way to out for aid. Do not beg for alms or aid The SPEAKER. Is there objection to journey. for we do not solicit charity. the request of the gentleman from Cali Addressed in these accents, Asia will "But tell them loyalty is not for sale. fornia? listen. Confronted with this challenge, There is no price tag for faith except There was no objection. Asia will respond. justice. "Go and tell them this. If, after they LAST MESSAGE have heard you, they remain unmoved, DISPENSING WITH BUSINESS IN My last message to you is hard for me then with sorrow and grief tell them we to articulate. are prepared to close this unfortunate ORDER UNDER THE CALENDAR Let me bare my heart to you. I have chapter of Philippine-American history. WEDNESDAY RULE come not as an enemy. I have contrib With dignity, the Philippines shall stand Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask uted my modest share in the payment of alone as we have done in the past, :fight- unanimous consent that the business in September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22747 order under the Calendar Wednesday H.R. 14604. Authorizing study for a cial allowances to evacuated dependents of rule for next week be dispensed with. Capitol Visitors' Center-open rule, 1 members of the uniformed services, and for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to hour debate; and other purposes." the request of the gentleman from Cali H.R. 11555, the Chamizal Memorial The SPEAKER. Is there objection to fornia? Highway-open rule, 1 hour debate. the request of the gentleman from South There was no objection. And, Mr. Speaker, of course, confer Carolina [Mr. RIVERS]? ence reports may be in order at any time Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, and any additions to the legislative pro reserving the right to object, would the PROGRAM FOR THE BALANCE OF gram may be announced later. gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. TillS WEEK AND FOR NEXT WEEK Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, RIVERS], the chairman of the House Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from California. Committee on Armed Services, tell the I ask unanimous consent to address the Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I wonder if membership what the Senate amend House for 1 minute and to revise and the gentleman will yield? ments are to the House version? extend my remarks. Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. If the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to gentleman from Iowa. gentleman will yield? to the request of the gentleman from Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I wonder if Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the Michigan? the gentleman from California, the act gentleman. There was no objection. ing majority leader, could give us any in Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. The Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, formation this week as to the possibility bill which the House passed was passed I have asked for this time for the pur of sine die adjournment? as permanent legislation. The Senate pose of inquiring of the distinguished Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, if the gen limited it to 5 years so that we may have gentleman from California [Mr. Moss] tleman from Michigan [Mr. GERALD R. another review. We felt that this was the program for the remainder of this FoRD J will yield further, I would refer not a bad idea and accepted their pro week and the program for next week. the gentleman to the fond hope which I posal. This will give us a chance to re Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, will the have expressed in response to a similar view it after 5 years and we decided, gentleman yield? inquiry just a week ago. after consultation with the gentleman Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the Mr. GROSS. I like fond hopes but I from Massachusetts [Mr. BATEs], to ac gentleman from California. cannot do very much planning on a basis cept the amendments. Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, it is in of fond hopes. Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. tended to seek unanimous consent to go Mr. MOSS. We share a common di Speaker, I withdraw my reservation of over from adjournment today until next lemma. objection. Monday. Mr. GROSS. I hope the gentleman The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. Speaker, the program for next next week, when he announces the pro the request of the gentleman from week is as follows: gram, will be prepared to give us some South Carolina? On Monday we will have the call of idea of when we might expect to go to a There was no objection. the Consent Calendar. sine die adjournment, or at least a recess, The Senate amendments were con There are 12 suspensions which are as or whatever is planned for us. curred in. follows: Mr. MOSS. I assure the gentleman A motion to reconsider was laid on the H.R. 8678, Pictured Rocks National that I share that hope. table. Lakeshore, Mich.; Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman. H.R. 17488, Veterans' Pension Act of 1966; REMOVING INEQUITIES IN THE H.R. 16557, relating to national service ADJOURNMENT TO SEPTEMBER 19, ACTIVE DUTY PROMOTION OP life insurance issued to military forces 1966 PORTUNITIES OF CERTAIN OFFI of the Commonwealth of the Philippines; Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani CERS H.R. 15183, adjusting the status of mous consent that when the House ad Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. Cuban refugees to that of lawful per journs today, it adjourn to meet on Mon Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to manent residents of the United States; day next. take from the Speaker's desk the bill S. 3510, Connecticut River National The SPEAKER. Is there objection to (H.R. 15005) to amend title 10, United Recreation Area; the request of the gentleman from Cali States Code, to remove inequities in the H.R. 16715, Manpower Development fornia [Mr. Moss]? active duty promotion opportunities of and Training Amendments, 1966; There was no objection. certain officers, with Senate amendments House Joint Resolution 1169, Interna thereto, and concur in the Senate tional Conference on Water for Peace; amendments. S. 3423, Wolf Trap Farm Park, Fair PROVIDING SPECIAL ALLOWANCES The Clerk read the title of the bill. fax County, Va.; TO DEPENDENTS OF UNIFORMED The Clerk read the Senate amend S. 2287, authorizing a 5-year hydro ments, as follows: logic study and investigation of the Del SERVICES TO OFFSET EXPENSES INCURRED IN EMERGENCY EVAC Strike out all after the enacting clause and marva Peninsula; insert: H.R. 14136, authorizing increase in fee UATIONS "That, beginning with the date of enact for migratory bird hunting stamp; Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. ment of this Act through June 30, 1972, the S. 1474, creating a bipartisan com Speaker, I aslk unanimous consent to take columns under the headings 'For colonels' mission to study Federal laws limiting from the Speaker's desk the bill
EIGHTH SESSION, SEPTEKBD 1-&, 1951 TOURTEENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 15, 1959 'NINETEENTH SESSION, DECEMBER 1, 1964 TO Representative• Representative. FEBRUAR'J' 18, 1965 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Christian A. Herter. Representatives Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Henry Cabot Lodge. Adlai E. Stevenson. James F. Byrnes. James J. Wadsworth. Senator RUSSELL B. LoNG. Mrs. FRANCIS P. BOLTON, 1\lem.ber Of Con• JAMEs G. FuLToN, Member of Congress. Senator FRANK CARLSON. gress. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Member of Congress. W1lliam C. Foster. James R. Richard, Member of Congress. George Meany. Francis T. P. Plimpton. Alternates Walter S. Robertson. Alternates Archibald Carey, Jr. Alternates Charles W. Yost. James D. Zellerbach. Charles W. Anderson, Jr. Franklin H. Williams. Henry Ford II. Erie Cocke, Jr. Gladys Avery Tillett (Mrs. Charles). Dr. Charles W. Mayo. Virgil M. Hancher. Richard N. Gardner. Oswald B. Lord. Mary P. Lord. Charles P. Noyes. NINTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 21, 195-1 Harold Riegelman. TWENTIETH SESSION, COMMENCING SEPTEMBER Representatives FIFTEENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 20, 1960 21, 1965 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Representatives Representatives Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. James J. Wadsworth. Arthur J. Goldberg. Senator H. Alexander Smith. Senator GEORGE D. AIKEN. Charles W. Yost. Senator JAMES w. FuLBRIGHT, Senator WAYNE MORSE. BARRATT O'HARA, Member of Congress. C. D. Jackson. Francis 0. Wilcox. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN, Member Of Charles H. Mahoney. Mary P. Lord. Oongress. Alternates Alternates William C. Foster. James J. Wadsworth. Zelma Watson George (Mrs. Claiborne). Alternates Oswald B. Lord. Arthur F. Lamey. James M. Nabrit, Jr. -A.M. Ade Johnson. Frederick Blake Payne. James Roosevelt. James P. Nash. Charles Rosenbaum. Eugenia Anderson. Roger W. Straus. Frances E. Willis. William P. Rogers. TENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 20, 1955 FIFTEENTH SESSION (RESUMED), MARCH 7, 1961, Frances E. Willis. Representatives TO APRIL 2, 1961 TWENTY-FIRST SESSION, COMMENCING Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Representatives SEPTEMBER 20, 1966 Brooks Hays, Member of Congress. Adlai E. Stevenson. Representatives Chester E. Merrow, Member of Congress. Francis T. P. Plimpton. Arthur J. Goldberg. Senator JOHN 0. PASTORE. Charles W. Yost. James M. Nabrit, Jr. Colgate White Darden, Jr. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Senator FRANK CHURCH. Alternates Phllip M. Klutznick. Senator CLIFFORD P. CASE. Robert Lee Brokenburr. Alternates William C. Foster. Laird Bell. Jonathan Brewster Bingham. Alternates Jacob Blaustein. John H. Morrow. James Roosevelt. James J. Wadsworth. Charles P. Noyes. Eugenia Anderson. Oswald B. Lord. SIXTEENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 19, 1961 Patricia Roberts Harris. ELEVENTH SESSION, NOVEMBER 12 TO DECEMBER Representatives George L. Killion. 21, 1956; JANUARY 2 TO MARCH 8, 1957 Harding F. Bancroft. Adlai E. Stevenson. Representatives 0MAR BURLESON, Member of Congress. Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Mrs. Marguerite Stitt Church, Member of Senator William F. Knowland. Congress. THE URGENT NEED FOR AN URBAN Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY. Francis T. P. Plimpton. AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Paul G. Hoffman. Arthur H. Dean. Ellsworth Bunker. Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Alternates Alternates unanimous consent to revise and extend Charles W. Yost. my remarks at this point in the RECORD James J. Wadsworth. Clifton R. Wharton. Richard Lee Jones. and include extraneous matter. Philip M. Klutznick. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Frank C. Nash. Jonathan Brewster Bingham. Edward S. Greenbaum. Gladys Avery Tlllett (Mrs. Charles). the request of the gentleman from New Mary P. Lord (Mrs. Oswald B.). York? SEVENTEENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 18, 1962 TWELFTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 17, 1957 There was no objection. Representatives Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, as one who Representatives Adlai E. Stevenson. Henry Cabot Lodge. has long urged the creation of a standing Senator ALBERT GORE. committee on urban affairs, I was A. S. J. Carnahan, Member of Congress. Senator GORDON ALLOTT. Walter H. Judd, Member of Congress. Francis T. P. Plimpton. heartened to read the editorial in yes George Meany. Arthur H. Dean. terday's New York Times supporting the Herman B. Wells. Alternates creation of such a committee. Alternates "If urban problems merit the creation Charles W. Yost. of a Federal department," the editorial James W. Wadsworth. Philip M. Klutznick. Irene Dunne. Jonathan Brewster Bingham. pointed out, "they also justify perma Philip Klutznik. nent congressional committees." Mary P. Lord. Carl T. Rowan. Marietta P. Tree (Mrs. Ronald). When I introduced my resolution Genoa S. Washington. House Resolution 637-to establish an EIGHTEENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 17, 1963 THIRTEENTH SESSION, SEPTEMBER 16, 1958 Urban Affairs Committee on January 12, Representative• Representatives I pointed out the benefits of creating a Henry Cabot Lodge. Adlai E. Stevenson. single committee whose staff and mem Senator MICHAEL MANSFIELD. Mrs. EDNA F. KELLY, Member of Congress. bers would be primarily concerned with Senator BOURKE HICKENLOOPEK. WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD, Member Of Congress, urban problems. We are fast becoming a Herman Phleger. Francis T. P. Plimpton. nation of cities, and cities present many George McGregor Harrison. Charles W. Yost. of our greatest problems as well as much Alternatet Alternates of our greatest promise. They deserve James J. Wadsworth. Mercer Cook. the full attention of a committee of Marian Anderson. Charles C. Steele. Congress. Watson W. Wise, Jonathan Brewster Bingham. Originally I had thought that this Mary P. Lord. Sidney R. Yates. would be an appropriate subject for the Irving Salomon. Jane Warner Dick (Mrs. Edison). consideration of the Joint Committee on 22752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE · September 15; 1966 the Reorganization of Congress. There torney General Nicholas deB. Katzenbach put seems to have inherited the leading and fore, on March 1, I, along with 29 col them at $13 billion. Something is wrong outstanding features of the previous leagues, sent a letter to the cochairmen when no one in the Administration knows papers. just how much is being spent and just what of that committee, asking that it "give it has to show for its outlays. No matter what the relative merits of favorable consideration to the establish Mayor Lindsay has joined his voice to a the present newspapers that served us ment of a new standing committee to be number of others that have been raised in so well during the recent strike, the New called the Committee on Urban Affairs." support of a constructive proposal that could York Daily News, the New York Post, Some outside witnesses, including· the be of great value in dealing with urban prob and the New York Times, it is always National League of Cities, made similar lems. It is that Congress establish standing good to have a different point of view proposals. committees on urban affairs in both the Sen and a different approach, and so the New When the joint committee made its ate and the House. York World journal Tribune will round If urban problems merit the creation of a report on July 28, it agreed that "the Federal department, they also justify perma out a needed fourth force for New York phenomenal growth of urban areas, the nent Congressional committees. Many Fed City. enormous problems this growth h ,s eral policies have contributed enormously to Hopefully, the newspaper will be suc spawned, and the current and probable the difficulties in which the cities now find cessful, not only in its format and con future expansion of Fedeml programs to themselves. Thus Federal mortgages, hous tent, which already meets this promise, deal with these programs, si;;mified by ing and highway construction measures have but also in earning capacity so that there the creat~on of a new Department oi all contributed to the mass exodus of middle need be no fear of termination. income families from the central cities to Housing and Urban Development, point the suburbs. And Federal welfare policies I know that my colleagues in all of the to the need for specialized congressional have had a great deal to do with the influx 50 States will join with me in happy con recognition of this ir.creasingly signifi of poverty-stricken migrants into the city templation of the fact that a new news cant area of public policy." This state slums. The cities are the focal point of the paper has been born in the greatest city ment would seem to suggest a flat en national fight for civil rights, for improved in the world. dorsement of the concept of a separate housing and education. committee to handle urban affairs. In Both houses need permanent committees stead, however, the committee recom with adequate professional staffs to study AMERICAN REVOLUTION BICEN- the great social and economic forces-and TENNIAL . COMMISSION-AP- mended only that "the Banking and Cur the policies-that are transforming our cit rency Committee shall be redesignated ies. Seventy per cent of our population now POINTMENT OF MEMBERS the Committee on Banking, Housing, and lives in them and the prospect is that this The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro Urban Affairs." No jurisdictional concentration will continue to increase. The visions of section 2 (a), Public Law 89- changes were proposed. cities loom as the nation's biggest problem. 491, the Chair appoints as members of Since the committee issued its report, Congress will not be in position to find solu tions unless it is equipped for the task. the American Revolution Bicentennial the demand for a standing committee on Commission the following Members on urban affairs has begun to intensify. the part of the House: Messrs. DoNOHUE, Some 15 Members of the House have now PLEA TO STOP SPREAD OF ATOMIC of Massachusetts; WELTNER, of Georgia; introduced resolutions similar to my WEAPONS AMONG NONNUCLEAR SAYLOR, of Pennsylvania; and PoFF, of House Resolution 637~ In his testimony Virginia. before the Senate Government Opera POWERS tions Subcommittee on Executive Reor Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask ganization in the other body, Senator unanimous consent to address the House ANTIRIOT LEGISLATION ROBERT F. KENNEDY recommended that for 1 minute. Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask such a committee be formed. Then, on The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent that the gentleman September 8, Senator HARRISON WILLIAMS the request of the gentleman from from Alabama [Mr. BucHANAN] may ex introduced Senate Resolution 302, to es Illinois? tend his remarks at this point in the tablish a Senate Committee on Urban There was no objection. RECORD and include extraneous matter. Affairs. His resolution was cosponsored Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have The SPEAKER. Is there objection to by Senators BREWSTER, EDWARD KENNEDY, asked for a special order today for the the request of the gentleman from PELL, and RIBICOFF. purpose of reviewing a proposal in the New York? Not surprisingly, then, the creation of newspapers today, including the New There was no objection. such a committee was a subject of some York Times, on behalf of 290 citizens. Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, when interest at the meeting on urban Amer They are identified as the Educational the 1966 civil rights bill was being de ica which was held here earlier this week, Committee To Halt the Imminent bated before the House, I joined in the and was endorsed by the mayor of New Spread of Atomic Weapons among non passage of an antiriot amendment to this York in his speech to that gathering. nuclear powers. They make an astonish bill introduced by the distinguished gen Now that the discussion of this sig ing and, to my view, a very unwise and tleman from Florida [Mr. CRAMER]. It nificant proposal has begun in earnest, it dangerous proposal which would have now seems likely that the civil rights bill is time that we in this House did some a very adverse effect upon NATO and will not be passed into law in this Con thing about it. The rules of the Hm~se cause deep concern within West Ger gress. should be amended to create & standing many. The continuing riots in major cities committee on urban affairs. around the United States, however, The Times editorial, which cogently THE NEW YORK WORLD JOURNAL point up the continuing need for legisla makes the case for such a committee, TRIBUNE tion along the lines of the Cramer follows: amendment which passed the House by [From the New York Times, Sept. 14, 1966] Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the the overwhelming vote of 389 to 25. CONGRESS AND THE CITIES House for 1 minute and to revise and ex Consequently, I am happy to join with It is a commonplace among mayors and tend my remarks. Mr. CRAMER and other colleagues in in others familiar with municipal affairs that The SPEAKER. Is there objection troducing this legislation and urging its they cannct hope to solve their problems, to speedy passage by the House. largely national in origin, without Federal the request of the gentleman from New help on a massive scale. Yet the Federal York? Government has been so slow to recognize There was no objection. its responsibility that at the hearings before Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, at BROCK CALLS FOR HOWE'S Senator ABRAHAM RIBICOFF'S subcommittee long last, the New York World Journal RESIGNATION last month there were no accurate figures available on how much Washington was cur Tribune is with us. Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask rently spending on aid to cities. An amalgam of three famous news unanimous consent that the gentleman Robert C. Weaver, Secretary of Housing papers---the New York Herald Tribune, from Tennessee [Mr. BROCK] may extend and Urban Development, estimated that ex the Journal American, and the World his remarks at this point in the RECORD penditures were $28 b11lion a year, while At- Telegram and Sun--our new newspaper and include extraneous matter. September 1-5, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22753 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to rescind industrial expansion tax credits, sides of the aisle-will devote immediate ·the request of the gentleman from everyone knew it would do virtually nothing attention, and on a completely nonparti to cap the inflation spiral. But it gigged New York? no one, except a few industrialists. san basis, to the administration's belated There was no objection. This is an election year, and Mr. Johnson's but comprehensive anti-inflation pro ~ Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, 2 days ago act was considered by political pundits gram. I warned the House that a draft bill ex shrewd politics. Although the administration is at least isted within the Office of Education and What the nation needs is hard-nosed de 6 months late in recognizing the serious Department of Health, Education, and cision to siphon the water out of overspend effects of high prices and high interest Welfare that would redraw local school money, especially government prodigality. rates and the real threat of further infla district lines on a metropolitan areawide But political temporizing is accept-ed as routine, expected, inevitable. tion, it has now come full circle in seeing basis and encourage schoolbusing and Government by political expediency has the danger and in responding to it in pairing through the use of billions in not been a fixation solely of the present Ad terms which many of us have been urg additional Federal aid. I warned that ministration. It was evident in the conduct ing on the administration for many this legislation would operate under the of many Presidents. Lyndon Johnson just months now. metropolitan section of ·the pending happens to be an expert in this field, partly Just this past weekend, in my own dis housing bill. because of his consensus safari, partly be trict, I took the opportunity again to talk A few hours later, U.S. Education cause he is a master politician. Commentators and critics considered it .with many of my constituents and to Commissioner Harold Howe called my simply a governmental realism that no taxes visit several stores and supermarkets in statement "ridiculous and untrue." would be levied before the November ballot order to better understand exactly what Yesterday the gentleman from New though afterward, look out. inflation is doing to people. Inflation is York, Congressman PAUL FINO, released Without conscious cynicism, they found not simply a theory. It is harsh reality. the text of just such draft legi,slation. little or no fault with the Administration It is taking precious dollars out of the The Secretary of Health, Education, and for deliberately vague pledges to curtail fed pockets of people who can least spare Welfare admitted its authenticity, but eral expenditures, which they know will not them, and it is steadily lowering the liv excused it as just one of several plans occur. There was nothing abnormal in letting the ing standards of people already existing under discussion. country continue, with only vocal remon on marginal incomes. Mr. Speaker, I call on President John strance, on an inflationary binge, spending We would be less than consistent and son to repudiate this draft bill and like leave-famished sailors suddenly on the true to our obligations, therefore, if-now everybody as.sociated with it. I call on town. that the administration has in effect con him to let the Congress know how many Expediency in administering government ceded that we were right all along-we other draft schoolbusing bills exist. is the syndrome of modern politics. Use of gave to its recommendations anything Since when must the administration op power for vote-getting is now more pro nounced than ever, because there is more but earnest, immediate, and objective erate under a veil of secrecy regarding federal power. Half of each administration's consideration. our Nation's schools? Since when have term are election years, and Washington This does not mean that we should they needed to hide their programs for veers more to polishing election apples than rubberstamp the administration's pro this Nation from its citizens? doing what is best for the nation. .gram or approve all its recommendations Commissioner Howe denied the exist Perhaps lack of determination to set an without change. On the contrary, such ence of his plan for national schoolbus unpopular but wiser course for the country is responsible for much of Mr. Johnson's proposals as those to suspend tempo ing, only to be embarrassed by its reve rarily the 7-percent investment tax credit lation the very next day. Such actions slump in popularity reported by poll-takers. This could be true in the Vietnam war issue, and the use of accelerated depreciation are inexcusable for a major official of as well as in domestic problems. are inherently controversial and should this administration. In light of Mr. Politics is not an evil factor in the presi be carefully studied to determine their Howe's apparent refusal to tell Congress dency; overweighting politics for expedi effect on our common objective: a stead the truth, I hope that the President will ency's sake can be bad and self-defeating. ily growing economy with stable prices. ask for his resignation. Lyndon Johnson wants to be a great Presi dent, as Americans wish their President to Our problem now is to make certain be. Such a niche in history and national that the remedy fits the sickness, that esteem calls for courage and decision to do the administration's anti-inflation poli POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY what is right and needed-not merely to cies will effectively arrest rising prices Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask follow the beckoning, easy lures of political and interest rates without going so far unanimous consent that the gentleman expediency. as to force the economy into a decline from Michigan [Mr. GERALD R. FORD] and bring on a recession and growing may extend his remarks at this point in unemployment. the RECORD and include extraneous THE ADMINISTRATION AND THE As I have suggested in several speeches matter. FIGHT AGAINST INFLATION and statements this year, the sensitive The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask nature of a full-employment economy the request of the gentleman from unanimous consent that the gentle makes it imperative to use both the right New York? woman from New Jersey [Mrs. DwYER] tools and the right timing to fight infla There was no objection. may extend her remarks at this point in tion. The administration's excessive de Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, the RECORD and include extraneous lay in making up its mind to fight infla we all know that President Johnson's matter. tion has increased the danger that its anti-inflation message as it came to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tools or its timing, or both, may be in Congress was "too little and too late." the request of the gentleman from appropriate to the need. . But an editorial in the St. Louis Globe New York? But this is a danger that Congress Democrat for Wednesday, September 14, There was no objection. must explore immediately. We must 1966, points out very well, I think, an Mrs. DWYER. Mr. Speaker, for many consider two possibilities, basically: that other aspect of this message. Entitled months now, many of our colleagues have the forces of inflation have become so "Political Expediency," it goes on to say been calling public attention to the dan thoroughly installed that the adminis that everyone knows that the President's gers of inflation. We have proposed spe tration's relatively moderate anti-infla proposals will "do virtually nothing to cific steps to fight high prices and we tion program will not be suftlcient, and, cap the inflation spiral." have urged the administration to get on the other hand, that inflation may Under leave to extend my remarks I about the business of protecting the peo already be reaching its peak and that by include the editorial: ple. Now, months later, the administra adopting policies to hold down the POLITICAL ExPEDIENCY tion has proposed to act. economy the administration may only When the President poured a. little water I would hope, therefore, that the Con accelerate a downturn already in the on the overheated economy by moving to gress-including our colleagues on both making. 22754 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOU-5E September 15, 1966
As the -authoritative public.ation, Busi caused sustained price increases in food, I think that the President has an ob- ·ness Week, pointed out in its editorial services and industrial productien. .It 1igation to repudiate this· deception and this week: has weakened the competitive strength doubletalk on the part of his social plan What c1e·arly Is requlred now l:s the kind .of American industry in W.(J)rld trade. It ning underlings. Otherwise the Repub of fiscal restraint that will slow down the has hurt our delicate balance-of-pay lican Party will be obliged to assume that ~th of d.emand in the U.S. economy ments position. And it has robbed the while the voice is the voice of HEW, the wit.bout .causing .an equivalent slowdown in tens of millions of Americans who de hand is the hand of J olmson. If the the growth of prodU£tive capacity. pend on fixed incomes. President disapproves, let him demand The formulation of a balanced pro The responsibility now belongs to Con the resignation of Mr. Howe. gram to deal with the present strains- gress to consider the ·administration's The material referred to follows: and one which will take effect with max -policy in good faith and on its merits BROCK ASKS DISCLOSURE OF METRO .BUSLN.f; imum speed-is now the prime require and to reach agreement on a course of BILL ment of national economic policy. As action that will control inflation and at Congressman BILL BROCK {R-Tenn) today between the proposed suspension of the the same time permit the economy to on the Floor of the U.S. House of Repre '7-percent investment tax credit and a sustain the kind of prosperity that will sentatives demanded that the Johnson Ad reduction in nondefense Federal -spend benefit all. ministration make public the existence of ing, for instance, the latter would obvi draft legislation to use the Metropolitan De velopment title of the pending housing bill ously have a more immediate and effec (S. 3708) to introduce a multi-billion dollar tive impact on restraining demand. FINO CHALLENGES JOHNSON TO national school busing scheme. In any event, h<>wever, we can only DISAVOW PROPOSED "EQUAL Congressman BaocK said, "The 1967 Edu welcome the administration's new EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY ACT cation bill already has been drafted and sub found awareness that inflation is here OF 1967" mitted to the Secretary of Health, Education, and that it is painful and its apparent and Welfare, and apparently Is destined to determination to control it. Among the Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask become 'must' legislation for the 90th Con l>Olicies and recommendations an unanimous consent that the gentleman gress. The real test, however, will come on nounced by the President and other from New York [Mr. FINO] may extend this year's pending housing bill, when the his remarks at this point in the RECORD House of Representatives wUl consider the administration .spokesmen are sever.al Metropolitan Development section. It will be which I have repeatedly urged upon the and include extraneous matter. through" the proposed Metro title of the bill administration and which I especially The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that Congress will be asked next year to welcome. the request of the gentleman from endorse a. multi-billion dollar program de For example, the President's decision New York? signed to achieve 'Racial Balance' in vir to reduce by 10 percent, or about $3 bil There was no objection. tually every metropolitan area of the coun try. Thus, 1f the House of Representatives lion, the lower priority ~rtion of his Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, yesterday I approves the proposed Metro title of the bill Federal Budget will help .assure that held a press conference to disclose the now, the Administration will have won its there will be no budget deficit this year administration's secret "Equal Educa biggest test and the scene will be set for to add inflationary pressure to the econ tional Opportunity Act of 1967." I think !arced busing next year. ()my-if the administration follows that the Members of this House will be "For these reasons it 1s imperative this through on lts promise, and Congress interested to read this incredible docu draft legislation be revealed before Congress acts accordingly. ment. is tricked into voting for a supposedly inno By the same token, his recognition of I am putting in the RECORD the follow cent Metro title of the Housing bill. the need to pay for current expenditures ing sequence of events: First, the state "In terms of radical departure from the tradi tiona! Federal role, the school busing out of current revenues during an infla ment made by Representative BROCK al scheme will make the open housing section tionary peri<>d represents .a very encour leging Office of Education plans for of the House passed 1966 Civil Rights bill look aging development. metropolitan areawide school redistrict like tiddly winks. Using Metro as the statu Of particular importance is the ad ing and busing; second, the denial by tory foundation, the Johnson Administration ministration's suspension of the sale of Education Commissioner Howe, who said will ask for: special kinds of Government securities, the charge was ridiculous; third, my "1. Metropolitan area-wide rezoning of including participation certificates which speech on the Equal Educational Oppor school attendance areas, without regard to have been a major factor in forcing in; tunity Act of 1967; fourth, a copy of the existi-ng state or county lines, to compel key sections of the Equal Educational racial balance in public schools; terest rates, or the cost of money to bor "2. Busing of suburban school children into rowers to record high levels. For those Opportunity Act; fifth, Secretary city schools, and busing of city pupils to of us who vigorously opposed the Sales Gardner's denial, and sixth, my further suburban schools at Federal insistence and Participation Act when the administra commentary.' expense. Failure to comply with compulsory tion forced it through Congress earlier I challenge the administration to come racial balance will result in massive penalties this year, the administration's action clean. Secretary Gardner has said that in a vast array of existing Federal-aid pro confirms our prediction that use of the my document is one of several drafts of grams included in the pending Metro sec participation device would only push up legislation being considered. Let the ad tion of the Housing bill. ministration show us the others-if there "3. Complete obliteration of present school interest rates and eventually add to the district boundary lines, with free transfers taxpayer's burden-a high price to pay are others. Probably they are worse. between school districts. for the sole purpose of obscuring budget This talk of other drafts is a red herring. "4. Federal subsidies to underwrite the cost expenditures. This bill I disclosed is the bill. Its budget of rewri-ting history books so as to recast the In this and related respects, the ad figures are detailed. It was just ready to history of racial and religious minorities. ministration is recognizing that its ex go to the Bureau of the Budget. "I insist the Johnson Administration make cessive reliance on monetary policy Let anyone who doubts all this read public the existence of this legislation as well higher interest rates and tighter mon the statements of Harold Howe. He as its plans to achieve school busing under ey-has unbalanced the economy. While has said: tbe Metro title of the pending housing bill. monetary policy, properly used, can help If I have my way. schools will be built !or It would be better for the White House and control inflation, it cannot carry the the primary purpose of economic and social the omce of Education to have the honesty whole burden. In the present situation, integration~ to make public their intentions, along with it has failed to stop higher prices and How could this man have the gall to their motives; but if they Tefuse I intend to has unfairly penalized homebuyers and fight to remove the veil of secrecy !rom this label Representative BROCK's charge '8;S radical plan which would destroy local re .small businessmen as well as threatened «ridiculous and untruen when his top as sponsibility for our nation's educational sys to halt the balanced growth in the econ sistants had prepared the bill I disclosed tem," Congressman BROCK concluded. omy. eontaining JUSt the l)Oints BILL BRoCK Congressm-an BRocK also insert.ed in the As the President has now pointed out, had raised.? Commissioner Howe Is a REcoRD an article in the Washington Post inflation imposes a cruel and unjust tax political liar engaging 1n tricking the on September 9th by Robert Novak and Row on all the people. This inflation has Congress. land Evans entitled the "Education Bomb- September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-·HOUSE 22755 shell", which summarized the proposed legis· Of the six titles, four are fairly non-con· this bill. These are the pl::-,ns specifically lation and its impact. troversial ones dealing with education. I proposed to revamp education throughout will not comment on them. The other two the United States. Number one-school bus· U.S. Education Commissioner Harold Howe are bombshells. Taken together, they con· ing. Number two--redistricting of school dis II, questioned about BROCK's charge, told stitute the most radical legislation ever tricts to achieve racial balance. Number United Press International it was "ridiculous drawn up in these United States. three-pairing of schools. Number four and untrue." Title II of the so-called "Equal Educational suburban and slum pupil exchanges. Num "The Office of Education has no intention Opportunity" bill sets up a program of fed ber five-revision of school textbooks on be· of rewriting history or of compelling of eral aid for school construction. But un· half of minority groups. school busing or in the redrawing of school fortunately, the only way a community gets Make no mistake about it. This bill spe boundary lines," Howe said. such aid is to tie it in with one of the busing cifically proposes that de facto segregation "The Office of Education firmly committed or pairing schemes under Title III or to be made illegal and federal grants given to to the principle of local control of public surrender school districting control through fifteen programs of overcoming de facto seg schools," he said. out an entire metropolitan area. regation in the schools. Let me read you the explanation the social This is an incredible document. Read it. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN PAUL A. FINO, planners have for giving federal money in See for yourself. Back in June, a White REPUBLICAN, OF NEW YORK, ROOM H-202, support of school construction. I quote: House conference advocated putting poverty U.S. CAPITOL, SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 "The program is aimed particularly at the and housing funds into the metropolitan Gentlemen: Thank you for coming here facilitation of more flexible education pro· planning kitty in addition to education. today. grams, in conjunction with educational in· Perhaps that is what they want to do next. I have here in my hand a document which novations such as those supplementary serv· This is the "Great Society" in action. This can only be referred to as "radical." It is a ices and arrangements which can be funded is why the President wants a Democratic memorandum detailing the Administration's under Title III of the Elementary and Sec· Congress. This is why we need more Repub proposed $6 billion "Equal Educational Op· ondary Education Act. In addition, reduc· licans in Congress. This battle is not over. portunity Act of 1967." The memo is a prod. tion of de facto segregation would be encour. Thank you. uct of a high level task force, and has already aged by combining grants under this title gone to HEW Secretary Gardner. with extra cost grants for construction proj. EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY ACT OF In a nutshell, the proposed legislation ects designed to achieve integrated educa· 1967-DETAILED EXPLANATION AND JUSTIFI would set up a multibillion dollar effort to tion under Title III of this legislative CATION force racial balance in the nation's schools. package." The billions of dollars proposed to be spent What this means is simple. Only com· TITLE II: CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL FACILITIES would be used for programs such as con. munities using Title III money for pairing, Purpose struction of schools to serve mixed commu. busing of pupils, pupil exchanges or textbook To help meet the pressing need for modern nities, redrawing school district lines, school revision would be able to get school con· school facilities, especially in central cities busing programs, pupil exchanges between struction grants. and rural areas where outmoded facilities suburbs and slums, revision of textbooks to Now let me read you the explanation of exist in conjunction with high concentra stress the contribution of minority groups, how the Administration seeks to use the tions of disadvantaged children. The pro and so forth. I will discuss all this in some "metropolitan planning" section of the 1966 gram is aimed particularly at the facilita detail in just a moment. omnibus housing bill to compel metropolitan tion of more flexible educational programs, This measure apparently has the White area-wide school redistricting and busing. in conjunction with educational innovations House stamp of approval. It is taken in Section (d) of Title II provides that bonus such as those supplementary services and ar large measure from a June White House educational facilities grants will be given to rangements which can be funded under title Conference called "To Fulfill These Rights." communities that plan schools and school III of the Elementary and Secondary Educa The radical proposals suggested were districts on a metropolitan area-wide basis. tion Act. summed up as "Equal Educational Oppor. Let me read to you how the planners con. In addition, reduction of de facto segrega· tunity." One member of this radical council demn themselves out of their own mouth: tion would be encouraged by combining was Floyd McKissick, the head of CORE and "Supplementary grants providing an addi· grants under this title v>ith the extra-cost a vigorous spokesman for "blaC'k power." I tional 20 % of the project cost would be made grants for construction projects designed to am amazed that the reach of "black power" is to projects which fit into metropolitan area achieve integrated education under title III long enough to design Auministration legis· plans. This increased federal share would of this legislative package. lation. provide an incentive for joint school plan· The immediate importance of the proposed ning in metropolitan areas. This proposal is Program 1967 legislation is that it lets the cat out of patterned after the proposed supplementary (a) Survey of construction needs by State the bag concerning the Administration's grants for planned metropolitan develop· agency: Grants for an initial inventory of plans to use the "metropolitan planning" ment contained in Title II of the Senate· facilities would first be made so that within title of this year's omnibus housing bill as a passed 'Demonstration Cities and Metropoli· the first 6 to 9 months of the program a weapon to reshape both housing and educa· tan Development Act of 1966.' If enacted complete and reliable inventory of educa tion across the nation. into law, that legislation could simply be tional facility needs would be available. As ranking signer of the minority views in amended to include school construction proj· This inventory would then form the basis the House Banking Committee report on ects assisted under this proposed program in for establishing priorities as to the areas of the omnibus housing bill, I pointed out to the definition of an eligible 'metropolitan greatest need within each State before the the House that the "metropolitan planning" development project' in the same manner as project approval process begins. section of the bill was a Trojan Horse for libraries assisted under the Library Services (b) Basic grants for construction proj rampant federal coercion. Now we have in· and Construction Act and hospitals assisted ects: These grants would build an estimated disputable proof. under the Public Health Service Act are cov· 110,000 classrooms over a 5-year period. I want to make my position crystal clear. ered in the pending legislation. The location Funds would be allotted among the States I have always supported omnibus housing and scope of educational parks should be an on the basis of relative per capita income bills since I came to Congress in 1953. I have important component of any comprehensive and State educational effort. The basic grant also always supported civil rights legislation. metropolitan area·wide planning.'' could not ordinarily exceed 50 percent of the Notwithstanding some doubts, I voted for In other words, the Metro section of the cost of construction. the open-housing section of this year's civil pending Housing bill will be used as the (c) Administration of grants: State edu rights bill. But this bill is too much. And foundation for this multi-billion dollar cational agencies would assign priorities to "Metropolitan planning" is too much. This scheme. When this section of the housing project applications on the basis of objective is not a question of civil rights. It is a ques· bill comes to a vote within the next few need criteria, with preference for projects tion of civil privileges. I am for equality, not weeks, the real question will be whether or designed to alleviate segregation or racial unbridled privileges. And I am convinced not a majority of the members of the House imbalance. The Commissioner of Education virtually every American regardless of party, would have final approval authority before will be tricked into voting for school busing. a project could be funded under this title. share my opposition to school bussing and Now that this document has been revealed, elimination of neighborhood schools. (d) Supplementary grants: Supplemen Now for the bill. The title is the "Equal I predict that Metro will be overwhelmingly tary grants providing an additional 20 per Educational Opportunity Act of 1967." The rejected. cent of the project cost would be made to bill has six titles. Besides enacting new laws It is becoming increasingly apparent why projects which fit into metropolitan area in the field of education, the bill would the President feels he must maintain his plans. This increased Federal share would amend two other laws-one existing-the present majority in the House in the No provide an incentive for joint school district Civil Rights Act of 1964-and one proposed, vember elections. planning in metropolitan areas. This pro the metro planning section of this year's Let me mention a few of the specific "racial posal is patterned after the proposed sup· omnibus housing bill (S. 3708). balance" proposals set forth in Title III of plementary grants for planned metropolitan 22756 CONGRESSIONAl RECORD- HOUSE September 15, 1966 development contained in title II of the Funding Senate-passed "Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966" (S. [In thousands of dollars] 3708). If enacted into law, that legislation · could simply be amended to include school Fiscal year Fiscal year Fiscal year Fiscal year Fiscal year construction projects assisted under this 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 proposed program in the definition of an eligible "metropolitan development project" 930,000 1,108, 000 1, 284,000 1, 274,000 in the same m anner as libraries assisted 200,000 100,000 100,000 under the . Library Services and Construc ======120,000 140,000 160,000 ------iiio:ooo tion Act and hospitals assisted under the ~~~~~~:?l~~j~~~~i~_=_=:_=_=_=_=::::_=State administration (including_=_=_=:::_=~~ inven- Public Health Service Act are covered in the tory in fiscal year 1968)------57,000 10,000 11,000 13,000 13,000 pending legislation. The location and scope Research ___ ------______10,000 11,000 13,000 13,000 TotaL ______of educational parks should be an important 57,000 1, 270,000 1, 370,000 1, 570,000 1, 460,000 component of any comprehensive metropol itan areawide planning. (e) Loans: While outright grants should TITLE UI: GRANTS TO ASSIST SCHOOLS IN THE 4. Careful site selection to loc·ate new be restricted to speci&.l construction needs PROCESS OF DESEGREGATION schools so as to maximize integration of resi which impose heavy burdens upon the re dentially segregated student populations. sources of local educational agencies and the Purpose States, the Federal government can, with 5. Increased bussing !rom overcrowded to To assist communities throughout the Na underutillzed schools. minimum budgetary impact, assist schools tion to cope with problems of segregation and which undertake to spread out the cost of 6. Development of "magnet" high schools, racial ip1balance in order to facilitate racial, each specializing in a different subject area constructing facilities by facilitating the ethnic and socio-economic integration. marketing of long-term bonds and by lower with enrollment open to the entire school ing the interest rate for local educational Program dlstriot on the basis of interest rather than agencies. For example. rapidly expanding (a) Educational excellence grants: Local ability. middle-income communities are in a better educational agencies would be eligible for 7. Devolpment of supplemental educational position to afford the construction of needed Federal grants to assist in achieving inte centers, comprehensive .community schools school facilities than other areas, but the grated education. On the assumption that and shared time programs to draw district rapid development of an area does impose a integrated education involved added costs to wide enrollment as well as participation from prl vate and parochial schools. fairly sudden impact of school-age children. accommodate educationally disadvantaged While able to afford the facilities, such com 8. Open enrollment, voluntary enrollment students, Federal grants would be offered to and free transfers. munities nevertheless find it desirable to schools which have few or no students from spread the cost over a long period of time. 9. Oreation of metropolitan school districts minority racial or ethnic groups in order to to include urban and suburban areas. Furthermore, even ir. the case of projects facilitate educational integration and reduce which do receive Federal grants for a share 10. Suburban-Inner City pupil exchanges. educational disparities. As one alternative, 11. In-class pupil grouping to avoid racial of the cost of construction, few construction a formula similar to that in the impact aid projects will be funded without requiring separation, development of upgraded primaTy program (with a per pupil Federal payment. classes; remedial and compensatory programs substantial local funds. Accordingly, in most multiplied by the increased number of chil cases, a part of the cost of most projects will within the framework of regular -classroom dren in integrated schools for 5 years) would structure. have to be obtained by borrowing. The provide a real incentive for schools to de 12. Inservice training for teachers and maximum maturity of school bonds-the segregate completely over a 5-year period. other school personnel; employment of spe spread-out period-is rather short compared Federal grants would be offered to school cialists to advise school personnel, paTents, to the long-term loans which institutions of districts for use in specific neighborhoods children and the public on problems of de higher education can obtain under the which show promise of being able to main segregation; improving guidance and coun Higher Education Facilities Act and the Col tain integrated education (such as Hyde selling services. lege Housing Program. Park in Chicago) or to achieve integration 13. Development of new curricular mate In addition, the interest rate on school by attracting white students to exceptional rials, particularly those including proper rep bonds is now significantly higher than the schools currently serving predominantly Ne resentation or racial and religious minorities. "ideal" of 3 percent. gro residential areas (including appropriate 14. Teacher assignment to assure faculty It is therefore recommended that a school schools in urban renewal areas). The grants integration at all schools~ bond support program be devised using the may be used to produce exceptional educa 15. Improvement of recruitment and ad procedures of the Federal National Mortga.ge tion programs, attractive to parents of all vancement of minority group teachers and Association. FNMA may now issue deben races, by supporting, inter alia superior of white teachers who are motivated to teach tures to secure funds from private investors salaries for master teachers, improved in in ghetto schools and in transitional pro with which to purchase home mortgages in structional equipment, lighted schoolhouse grams. its secondary market operations at a ratio community centers for around-the-clock (c) Extra-cost grants for construction to of 15 times its capital and reserves (i.e., the superior programs, stipends for visiting lec achieve integration: Grants would be made net cost is one-fifteenth of the mortgage turers, individualized instruction, and re by the Commissioner of Education (not al purchased) . In view o·f the similar ratio on duced pupil-teacher ratios. located by State) to meet the extra costs of the sale of participation certificates in Fed (b) In addition expanding training in constructing new schools, including special eral loans (a 5 percent reserve, or a 20-to-1 to stitutes to prepare local school personnel to education centers and educational parks and ratio of loans to net cost), a special fund or complexes located on the borders ·of ghettos .account could be administered by FNMA deal with problems of racial imbalance as well as de jure segregation, title IV of the under plans insuring interracial attendance through which school bonds would be pur of students. chased out of funds secured by the sale of Civil Rights Act of 1964 would be amended to provide grants to support techniques ap Insofar as the acquisition of large blocks FNMA obligations equal to 20 times the of land and the construction methods are appropriations deposited in the fund. The propriate to correct de facto segregation in individual communities. Such techniques more expensive than the conventional school net cost to the Federal Government would facl11ty the Federal government should cover be one-twentieth of the total amount of could include: 1. Comprehensive, district-wide rezoning of 100 percent of the difference. Preference such school construction loans, assuming a would be given to multiple school district 5 percent reserve requirement. school attendance areas to obtain maximum heterogeneity. applications, especially those Joining subur As an additional part of the program, the ban and core-city districts. Commissioner of Education, would be au 2. Pairing, grouping or clustering of ad thorized to make payments on behalf of the jacent Negro and white schOt>ls a division by Funding local educational agencies for that portion grade level in two or more residenti,al areas. [In thousands of dollars] of the interest necessary to make up the dif 3. Reorganization of the use .of schools; re Fiscal year 1968------175,000 ference between a 3 percent rate of interest organizing the grades of a school; converting Fiscal year 1969------275,000 and the rate which FNMA must pay on its schools to other uses; closing schools; chang Fiscal year 1970------375,000 outstanding debentures which provided the ing feeder patterns; grade plllttern reorgani Fiscal year 1971------375,000 funds for the purchase of the school bonds. zation. Fiscal year 1972------375, 000 September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- -HOUSE 22757 Equal Educational Opportunity Act of 1967 droolings from Havana and his seditious [In millions of dollars] material is mailed or bootlegged into the United States for distribution-includ 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 ing Raoul Castro's guerrilla tactics ·handbook. I. Grants to local education agencies for self-assessment, Stokely Carmichael, head of SNICK, planning, and evaluation_------75 75 75 75 75 is preaching that Western civilization II. Construction of school facilities ______57 1, 270 1,370 1,570 1, 460 III. Grants to assist schools in the process of desegregation ___ 175 275 375 375 375 must go, that if brick walls in place of IV. Educational personnel training and stafi development __ _ 25 40 50 60 60 windows are built as a precaution against V. Expanded pupil personnel ser v i ce s~------ 5 5 10 14 25 15 50 150 200 250 rioters and looters, then "it just means VI. Educational programs for adults_------we have to move from Molotov cocktails TotaL __------~------352 1, 715 2,030 2,294 2,245 to dynamite," and that the Vietnam war is a white man's war, encouraging t Amounts represent increases in the funding authorization of title V-A of NDEA· no specifi.c f1mds would be Negroes not to serve. earmarked for the additional pupil personnel services authorized. ' "Police brutality" is being used as a slogan to whiplash all law enforcement [From the New York Times, Sept. 15, 1966) a way as to amount to compulsion if made a authorities, and as a license in many in FINO SAYS 1967 BILL CALLS FOR BUSING- part of a metro aid package. "What~ want stances to violate the law with impunity, GARDNER DENIES HE PLANS To SEEK SUCH to know is whether they are going to submit by some of the professional agitators. LEGISLATION the bill I exposed." All of this adds up to the need for ac WASHINGTON, September 14.-Representa tion by Congress to serve notice that Fed tive PAUL A. FINo asserted today-and the eral authorities will not stand idly by and Department of Health, Education and Wel EVIDENCE MOUNTS ON PROFES see the seeds of anarchy in America fare denied-that the Administration was SIONAL AGITATORS FOMENTING sown across our land by professional considering a bill specifically proposing agitators using the civil rights cause as school busing and redistricting school dis RIOTS AND CIVIL DISTURBANCES AND HOUSE MEMBERS DEMAND a haven. tricts to achieve racial balance. It is time for Congress to enact strong The Bronx Republican said at a news con ACTION ON H.R. 17642, THE ference that he had obtained a copy of "the antiriot legislation and to pass my bill, Administration's proposed "Equal Educa CRAMER ANTIRIOT BILL H.R. 17642, which is identical to the tion Opportunity Act of 1967' " and said "this Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask amendment to the Civil Rights Act of measure apparently has the White House unanimous consent that the gentleman 1966 adopted 389 to 25 by the House on stamp of approval." from Florida [Mr. CRAMER] may extend August 9. It became necessary to intro "In a nutshell," he said, "the proposed leg duce and press for the enactment of this islation would set up a multibillion dollar his remarks at this point in the RECORD effort to force racial balance in the nation's and include extraneous matter. separate bill because of the death of the schools." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to civil rights bill in the Senate yesterday. He called it "the most radical legislation the request of the gentleman from In my opinion, Congress will be der ever drawn up in these United States" and New York? elict in its duty if it does not act in this said it would set up a program of Federal There was no objection. . national crisis before adjournment. The school construction aid. Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, evidence sentiment of the country was clearly ex "But unfortunately," he continued, "the pressed in the House vote on the Cramer only way a community gets such aid is to tie from many sources continues to mount it in with one of the busing or pairing indicating that many of the most serious antiriot amendment, and the House schemes" or "surrender school districting riots and civil disturbances taking place Judiciary Committee should immediately control throughout an entire metropolitan under the guise of civil rights are being report the bill out. I have asked the area." engineered, encouraged and incited by chairman to call the bill up for action Mr. FINo said the draft was "indisputable professional agitators who travel the immediately. proof" that the metropolitan planning sec country stirring up dissension and strife. The seriousness of the situation has tion of the Administration's urban develop been evidenced by the insertions in the ment bill is "a Trojan horse for rampant Ralph McGill, liberal publisher of the Federal coerci<>n." Atlanta .Constitution. recently exposed ·RECORD by myself and many other Mem Representative WILLIAM E. BROCK 3d, Re the fact that "in civil rights circles it is bers and by the number of antiriot bills, publican of Tennessee, made a similar· charge said that Havana money took over identical to mine, which have been intro yesterday. SNICK-SNCC"-which is substantiated duced. It is further emphasized by the Secretary John W. Gardner said in a state by the fact that many SNICK demon following articles: ment that the document Mr. FINo had dis strators are found shouting Castro [From the Tampa (Fla.) Tribune, played was an "unofficial discussion paper." slogans, as well as by the Cleveland grand Sept. 9, 1966] "We can say flatly that the Department of jury findings of Communist influence in Health, Education and Welfare has no inten THE REAL SNICK tion whatever of submitting legislation that the problems created in that city. Atlanta's race riot Tuesday is a prime ex would compel school busing or rezoning," Mr. Ralph McGill further points out that ample of the deliberately inflammatory con Gardner added. many of the more reliable supporters of duct of some Negro leaders-and also how far Mr. Gardner said his department was "re SNICK have been "replaced by the likes out of touch these men are with the real de viewing many draft proposals for legislation, of New York Attorney Victor Rabinowitz, sires of members of their race. none of which have any official status, many For the outbreak which lasted 18 hours registered in Washington as an agent during the afternoon and evening and left 16 of which will eventually be rejected." for the Castro government." He stated the department's concern with injured, damaged several cars, and brought "the improvement of education throughout McGill continues: almost 70 arrests, was touched off by a false the nation and with the assurance of equal The Federal government has been patient cry of "police brutality" after a white police educational opportunity :ror an, but he :tar too long with professional agitators who man shot at and wounded a fleeing Negro added: travel from State to State whipping up emo suspected of car theft. "It should be emphasized, however, that tions in the name of civil rights. Stokely Carmichael, the bellicose provoca teur of "black power," quickly moved in, and any legislation proposed by the department Added to this information is the will embody the historic American principle sent a sound truck into the area to pass the of local supervision and control of public known fact that Robert Williams, es word that the Negro had been shot to death while handcuffed to the policeman. education." capee indicted in North Carolina and a fugitive from justice now embracing Yet a U.S. Senate study released just this Castro's communism in Havana., is di week, based on surveys of Negroes in the FINO REPLY TO GARDNER, SEPTEMBER 14 "ghetto" areas of Watts, Harlem, Chicago and recting some of the efforts as the ab Baltimore, indicated the average Negro lives Mr. Gardner says that no legislation will sentee head of RAM, a militant Negro be introduced to oompel busing or other in a condition of near-anarchy which he de methods of ending racial imbalance in the group that teaches guerrilla tactics and plores. Instead of being concerned with schools. The people at HEW know-and I violence on an outspoken, planned basis. "police brutality,'' what he wants is much know-that subsidies can be set up in such Williams broadcasts his hate-America more police protection from a tyrannical CXII--1435--Part 17 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD- HOUSE September 15, 1966 minority; instead of bussing his children into is generally recognized for what it is by most done a dramatic about face since the days white areas to end "de facto" segregation, people in Atlanta. when it helped thousands of Northern white he wants better schools-and better hous Carmichael can claim the support of only students to fight for civil rights in the ing-where he is. a handful of Atlanta Negroes. The rest, in South. Last week, Carmichael stumped That such thoughts would never occur to cluding Julian Bond, have turned their backs Northern cities and found receptive audi Carmichael, the head of the Student Non on him. Bond 1 a ·lier this year was refused ences in Negro districts. Here's a compre violent Coordinating Committee, is shown by a seat in the Georgia Legislature because of hensive report on his message as developed the chronology of events in Atlanta Tuesday. his ties to Snick and statements critical of on the tour and previously.) The Negro suspect, Harold Louis Prather, the war in Viet Nam. (By Austin Scott) was shot at 1:10 p.m. as he fled Detective R. Ralph McGill, liberal publisher of the At H. Kerr's attempt to arrest him. Prather lanta Constitution, has charged Snick with NEw YoRK.-The applause within the Har staggered to his mother's home, where within a Jekyll and Hyde personality. He recalled lem church was frequent, almost deafening. five minutes a mob of 200 Negroes formed to the organization's role in freedom marches Even from the street, through heavy wooden prevent his arrest. as involving some "of the sweetest, bravest doors closed to keep out whites, cries of Kerr called for help; by 1:30 p.m. 50 police people of those days." While we might not "that's right," and "prea.ch, brother,'' could men had dispersed the crowd and Prather had agree with that assessment, we certainly be heard. been sent to a hospital. At 1:45 Carmichael can support Mr. McGill's conclusion that But many of the remarks tumbling rapidly arrived, f;resh from a demonstration at City "SNCC is no longer a student move~r..ent. It from the lips of the slender young Negro be Hall. By 2 p.m. two of his Snick aides is not now a civil rights organization. It is hind the pulpit microphone were sharply brought in a sound truck, plastered with openly, officially committed to the destruc at odds with the religious setting. Carmichael's "Black Panther" symbol; by tion of existing society." "This country is moving to destroy black 2: 15 the truck was cruising the area asking The Atlanta publisher, writing in his front people," he shouted to waves of applause. Negroes to come to a street intersection to page column, suggests that Stokely Car "We cannot afford to be part of the American give evidence of Snick's version of the shoot michael's black power may, in fact, be Red. system.... We have to destroy Western ing-that Prather had been shot while He recalls that last fall SNCC was broke, civilization.... Integration is just a trick handcuffed. down and out. But suddenly it had money bag.... Nothing counts but power.... We By 3 o'clock the truck was at the intersec to burn. And what Ralph McGill calls "the have to hook up with the people of the third tion and taking statements. At 4 Carmichael sweetest, bravest people" were replaced by world ...." returned to lead a demonstration of about the likes of New York attorney Victor Rabin The bundle of thoughts that 25-year-old 200 Negroes shouting "Black power, black owitz, registered in Washington as an agent Stokely Carmichael hurled at his listeners power." Fifty policemen- all Negroes-ar for the Castro government. also included a great deal of love-love of rived at 4:21 to control the crowd; they were In civil rights circles, reported McGill, it is black people for themselves, their families, met by a barrage of rocks, stones and bottles. said that Havana money took over Snick. their communities, their culture. Fifty more policemen were called, and the That hasn't been proved but it is true that But despite his statement in an interview growing crowd was brought under control but Snick demonstrators are found shouting July 6 that black power does not mean anti refused to unblock the intersection. Castro slogans. white, love was clearly reserved for non The crowd grew to 600, and resisted the If Ralph McGill's information is correct, whites. pleas to disperse of Mayor Ivan Allen Jr., Snick and its troublemakers represent some "We got to start loving ourselves because who, when he attempted to speak from the thing more serious than a simple riot in the we are black,'' he said. " ... we don't have top of a car, was toppled from it by rioters name of civil rights. This is a case of in to lose our blackness to become equal with who rocked the vehicle. At 6 he ordered the surrection and should be treated as such. white savages ..." his cheering audience street cleared; police dispersed the mob with The Federal government has been patient rocked the wooden floor with stamping feet. shotgun blasts fired in the air and with tear far too long with professional agitators who On his first extensive tour of Northern gas. By 6:30 the area was cleared, but spo travel from state to state wh.ipping up emo slums as chairman of the Student Nonvio radic overturning of cars and other disorders tions in the name of civil rights. Strong lent Coordinating Committee, handsome continued until10:30. sentiment for an end to this activity is young Stokely Carmichael found a receptive Does this kind of thing represent the evinced in the words of a Northern congress audience for "black power,'' his battlecry for wants of Negroes the Senate Subcommittee man, Rep. WAYNE HAYS, Ohio Democrat. He Negro militance and self-determination. headed by Sen. ABRAHAM RIBICOFF Of Con told fellow House members Thursday, "Car He said shortly after he was elected in necticut, found in its survey (conducted by michael and his anarchist group belong be June that civil rights movements "weren't trained local Negroes)? hind bars and the quicker we get him there even talking to black people in the ghettoes No, in Harlem and Wat~ especially, and the better off this country is going to be." but were in f act gearing their programs to in smaller degree in Chicago and Baltimore, HAYS said that if there is a law against cross what white liberals thought should be done. the prime need cited by the Negro residents ing state lines to incite riots, Attorney Gen "For once,'' he said, "we've gotton enough was for stopping crime in the streets. In eral Katzenbach should enforce it. strength to talk to our black people who need none of the four areas, when they were asked The quick action taken in Atlanta to to be talked to. Everybody in the country for a listing of the ghetto's worst problem, talks about them. No one talks to them." was "police brutality" even mentioned. In douse fires lighted by the Carmichael crowd should set an example for the rest of the That's what he is trying to do. Harlem, the study found, the primary com His Harlem audience happened to be a plaint was inadequate numbers of police, in nation. There has been some timidity, some hesitation on the part of police in other cities fund-raising rally. It might as well have Watts, of a failure of police protection. been the cheering crowd in Jersey City, N.J., But if Stokely Carmichael and his black to enforce law and order in race riots out of fear of being labeled "brutal." But mob the night before, or the standing-room only power cohorts continue using false accusa crowd in a stuffy, second floor room in tions of police brutality as a rallying cry brutality has become so rampant in this country that any force exercised by police to Newark, or the thousand Negroes who for disorder, their effect can only be a break blocked a Philadelphia street. down rather than an improvement of police quell a disorder will win more praise than condemnation. Trinidad-born, but raised in Harlem and protection wherever Snick operates. the Bronx, Carmichael is one of the new We think Senator RIBICOFF's committee No one, white or colored, need fear police "brutality" if he is tending to his own busi SNCC leaders whose roots are in the valleys study is a genuine refiection of the real wants of the big cities, not the dusty villages of the of a vast majority of Negroes everywhere. ness and obeying the law. But those who try to impose their will by force invite force rural South. And we think, too, that Atlanta Police Chief While his radical statements catch the Herbert Jenkins reflected the real Snick in in return. This opinion is shared not only by con headlines, they are by no means all that Car his assessment of it after Tuesday's riots. michael is trying to say to "black people" "It is now the Non-student Violent Com servatives who long have deplored violence in the streets. Liberals such as Atlanta's he shuns the word "Negro," using it as a mittee," he said. "We must and will deal · term of derision. with it accordingly." · The responsible Ne Ralph McGill who supported the freedom marches now are beginning to sense the dan He preaches that Negroes must analyze the groes for whom the Ribicoff study speaks world around them, must understand the will do well to deal with Snick in like manner. ger of continuing contempt of the law and rights of others. Concluding a recent col workings of both foreign policy and the umn, he warned, "If ( SNCC) is out to destroy white businessman next door, must save their [From the Tampa (Fla.) Times, Se:;.Jt. 12, society, it cannot expect society to remain money and use it to help themselves. 1966] passive under attack." And, as he promised shortly after becom BLACK POWER WITH A RED BASE There is even a liberal "white backlash." ing head of SNCC, he tries to rally black Black power met its match in Atlanta last people around the issue of their color. week. Its prime spokesman, Stokely Car "Black people in this country are oppressed [From the Tampa (Fla.) Tribune, Sept. 9, for one reason," he said early in July, "and michael, has been Jailed and Carmichael's 1966] Student Non-VicJent Coordinating Commit that's because of their color ... their rally tee (Snick) is under condemnation from MILITANT NEGRO LEADER PREACHES WESTERN ing cry must be the issue around which they liberals and conservatives alike. A residue CIVILIZATION MUST Go are oppressed, as it was for unions." of violence and bitterness lies in the wake of (Under Stokely Carmichael, the Student He hammers at the theme: Black people Snick's activities, but the organization now Nonviolent Coordinating Committee has must "come together,'' young Negroes must Sept.ember 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22759 stop "cuttin' each other on Friday and Sat city council. Then you can tax hell_out of CRAMER CALLS FOR TAX CREDIT urday nights," older ones must stop "hus these white businesses and get, the money LAWS TO HELP CUT TEACHER tlin' off each other," unemployed must stop you need ..." "drinkin' that cheap rotgut wine and that To a Harlem audience he said: SHORTAGE AND ENCOURAGE cheap whisky!' "We have to control our communities •.• TRAINING "We have to develop in our community Harlem belongs to us. It is ours. We should such love and such respect for each other not only rule it,_ we've got to own it, lock, Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask that every mornin' it's gonna be good morn stock and barrel. unanimous consent that the gentleman in', brother, good mornin', sister," he told "We've got to move to keep our resources from Florida t:Mr. CRAMER] may extend the audience in the heart of north Phila in our community." We can't even accept his remarks at this point in the RECORD delphia's slums. their nonsense about the individual. We and include extraneous matter. And in Harlem, ". . . we've got to say to can't afford to let one black man own a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to our little ... children, you're beautiful. store in Harlem and pu'; that money in his the request of the gentleman from With your black, nappy hair and your broad pocke·t and move into the suburbs ... we've nose and your diaper hanging, you're beauti got to have a group of people own that store New York? ful. We've got to say it to ourselves." and use the profits to develop our com There was no objection. Such statements bring waves of applause, munity!" Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, today I even from Negroes who admit that much of To gain such control, he recommends third have introduced legislation to clarify In what Carmichael says scares them. political parties, like the Black Panther party ternal Revenue laws and regulations to "I don't go along with him on Viet Nam," he helped organize in Lowdon County, Ala. permit teachers to deduct from their said a middle~aged mother at a Newark rally, "Nothing else matters in this country but "but he's right on this. We got to come who controls," he says, and then to illustrate gross income any proper expenses for together." his point, he adds: educational purposes relating to teach- An animated speaker who leans toward "Two weeks ago, the Agriculture Depart ing activities. · his audience to drive home points-alter ment made a survey and found out that the The announced intention of the In nately shouting and whispering in a heavy chain stores like A&P and Safeway charge ternal Revenue Service to deny a teacher Negro dialect he reserves for speeches more money for rotten food in ghetto areas. as a business deduction the costs of ac Carmichael delivers essentially the same mes "They just found out, and we been know sage everywhere, varying it to encompass ing that all our lives. And they tell us loot quiring better qualifications through fur local problems. ing can't accomplish anything. ther education and training is beyond my Although he once said black power has to "They been building a new store every comprehension. Encouragement to bet involve white cooperation at some level, his single day with the money they looted from ter education is being provided through speec:1eo now do not hint at cooperation. us all these years: Federal action on many fronts. It is "We have to understand," he says, "that we "It ain't looting that's the issue, it's who unconscionable that in the one area are going to build something they are out has the power to make their looting legal where encouragement, through the sim to destroy." •.. we got to talk about power!" "This country is antiblack, and we must ple device of tax deductions, is an ob Understanding Carmichael is sometimes vious need and could be accomplished be against the things they're for." complicated _by statements which he says His line of reasoning is similar to that of should not be taken at face value, since, he through an enlightened interpretation of the late Malcolm X. Carmichael says Mal insists, he is not talking to whites at all. existing law, the Federal bureaucracy is colm influenced him greatly. "They're building stores in Cleveland with saying "No." Carmichael often starts with a statement that there is no difference between black no windows," he told a "Harlem audience. Teachers who largely spend their people in African colonies and Negroes in the "I don't know what they think they'll ac own money for training, and who are as United States, because white men are exploit complish. It just n:eans we have to move dedicated in their work as the members ing both. from molotov cocktails to dynamite." of any profession, should be encouraged "Our friends are going to be the people Asked if he should be taken literally, he in every way possible to constantly in who are fighting to destroy Western civiliza shook his head no. crease their knowledge which they so tion," he said in Philadelphia. "We've got "I think black people know what I'm talk effectively impart to America's youth. to hook up with our nonwhite brothers across ing about," he said. the world because they are fighting a system Asked if he cared about white reactions It is imperative that the most compe that oppresses and exploits them, the very to such statements, he replied, "No, we can't tent and well-trained teachers be at same thing we are fighting. care anymore ... because I think to care tracted to our Nation's educational sys "They must become our brothers. So we is to say what white people want you to say, tems and that they be given every incen can't fight in VietNam if we wanted to, be would be to accept the solutions they sug tive to gain knowledge of new techniques cause our brothers are trying to get rid of gest. And we can't accept them. And you and rapidly increasing and developing the man and it's our job to help them bring don't have to explain to black people what subject matters. the man to his knees." you mean." The argument follows a line which Car Carmichael moves easily through the Business deductions are generously. michael said earlier would be a psychological Northern ghettoes. Dressed sometimes in a permitted for most businesses and I know vehicle for black people, but would not pe neatly-pressed business suit, sometimes in of no more important business than that intended as a call to take over the country. an African toga, he wanders through au of training and developing the thinking Asked several months ago whether he saw diences, clasping strangers warmly about of America's youth. One of the noblest nonwhites coming together to become a the hands and arms, hugging antiwhite poet of professions is that of instructing and dominant segment of the world's population, playwright Leroi Jones and other people he teaching. This is a vital "business" he said: · knows. " ... The reality is that Western civiliza and one in which the people of the Graduated from Howard University with a United States are in constant competi tion has dominated this world ruthlessly, but degree in philosophy, Carmichael said he that in all the emerging r~ations in Africa, admires, in addition to Malcolm X, Dr. tion with the rest of the world-one when the Africans took over you saw no W .E.B. Dubois, the Negro writer who helped which makes the dream of America work white signs and no colored signs. You found the NAACP, and then broke with it through mentally, physically, and mor haven't seen white people excluded any because, he felt, it was too moderate. ally developing our fellow citizens to ex where ... nobody in SNCC wants to take over this country. He wouldn't know what the Carmichael, who is not married, considers ercise to the maximum their individual hell to do with this monster. We just want home the Bronx apartznent where his n1other initiative, and to use their God-given in to get white people off our backs." and two sisters live, although he is on the herent abilities in service to their fami Once Carmichael has outlined his reason road most of the time. lies, their home, their country, and their ing, he outlines the methods he thinks Ne Sometimes, as in Newark, Negro politicians Redeemer. groes must use. feel he is important enough to bring them· I call upon Congress to enact this leg Instead of civillan police review boards, out to his rallies. "which we aren't going to control anyway," "He's got it, baby," -said one young woman islation immediately and I include the he suggests ending alleged brutality by mak in an audience where most of the spectators text of the bill for information pur- ing "the captains of our precincts responsible who appeared to be 35 or older did not join poses: to us ... you can bet we'll end brutality." the applause. And Carmichael added h~s H.R. 17757 He often says everything in a Negro com own appraisal: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of munity should be controlled by its residents. "We've got some black youth out he:-~ Representatives of the United States of "You are 52 per cent (of the city's popula whose eyes are opening up wide," he said. America in Congress assembled, That section tion), he shouted to an audience in Newark. "He (white officials) can deal with the man 162 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 "There's no reason why you can't have a over 30, but he's got hell on .his hands under (relating to trade or business expenses) is blaiCk mayur, a bla-ck school board, a black that (age)." amended by redesignating subsection (f) as 22760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September. 15, 1966 (g), and by inserting after subsection (e) California [Mr. BURTON] may extend his other reasons given in support of the the following new subsection: . remarks at this point in the RECORD and "(f) CERTAIN EDUCATIONAL EXPENSES OP measure, but the antitrust law aspect was TEACHER&-- include extraneous matter. stressed. " ( 1) IN GENERAL.-In the case of a tax The SPEAKER. Is there objection to In my speech of February 8, I pointed payer who is a teacher during the taxable the request of the gentleman from out that the language of the amend year or who was a teacher during any of the California? ment was so vague and uncertain that four preceding taxable years, and who at There was no objection. objectionable as the stated purpose of tended an institution of higher education Mr. BURTON of California. Mr. the bill was, it would not even accom during the taxable year, the deduction al Speaker, on this occasion as we take pride lowed by subsection (a) shall include the plish what its proponents claimed for it. ordinary and necessary expenses paid or in in the accomplishments of our space pro I stated: curred by him during the taxable year for- gram and our astronauts now in space. This bill will not do what the proponents "(A) tuition and fees required for his at I am prompted to place in the RECORD an think it will do. It will not settle what they tendance at such institution, for courses for editorial by the Aan Francisco Sun-Re believe to be questions in the law .... This academic credit pursued by him at such in porter entitled "A Negro Astronaut." bill raises more questions than it answers. stitution or for an academic degree; It is difficult to believe that man, who There is only one place where these questions "(B) books, supplies, and materials re can conquer space, who can walk among can be finally resolved, the courts. , quired for courses for academic credit pur the stars, remains fettered by bias and So in passing this bill we are not settling sued by him at such an institution or for an anything. The language is too vague to settle academic degree; and racial discrimination. anything. We are merely laying the predicate "(C) traveling expenses (including It is inconceivable to me that the ac for the next round of litigation. And the amounts expended for meals and lodging cumulated wealth and knowledge of this Supreme Court will have to be asked to tell other than amounts which are lavish or ex Nation can lift man into the heavens yet us what we meant when we enacted the travagant under the circumstances) while find him so impoverished in spirit and abomination we are passing today. away from home attending such institution. earthbound by prejudice that a youth The observations I made about this bill "(2) EDUCATIONAL TRAVEL.-In the case Of who happens to be Negro cannot mean a taxpayer who is a teacher during the taxa have now been fully validated. The De ble year or who was a teacher during any ingfully aspire to join in the conquest partment of Justice has placed one inter of the four preceding taxable years, the de of space. pretation on the antitrust implications of duction allowed by subsection (a) shall in I share the concerns which are stated the amendment, in complete variance clude the ordinary and necessary expenses in this editorial, as I share the belief that with the proponents. paid or incurred by him during the taxable a Negro astronaut can and should be a year for travel while away from home (in participant in this great adventure, whose The September issue of Banking, the cluding amounts expended for meals and presence would be proof that in conquer Journal of the American Bankers lodging other than amounts which are lavish ing space, we have first conquered bigotry Association, in an article, "Congress, or extravagant under the circumstances), Justice-and Mergers," clearly demon if- and prejudice in our own earthbound strates this wide difference of opinions " (A) academic credit is given for such existence. over what we did when we enacted the travel by an institution of higher educa The editorial follows: bill. tion, or A NEGRO ASTRONAUT "(B) such travel is accepted by the tax To repeat what I said last February, Yes; some time ago we thought perhaps a the new confusion in the law created by. payer's employer in satisfaction of educa Negro astronaut would be included among tional requirements set by such employer or the heroes of the space age by going into the 1966 amendment will have to be re by the State in which the taxpayer is em orbit and perhaps landing on the moon. It solved by the courts. Passage of the bill ployed as a teacher. may be remembered that there was a young was a disservice to the banks as well as "(3) DEFINITIONS.-For purposes Of this Negro who was in training along with his the public. subsection- fellow astronauts, but something happened With unanimous consent I am insert " (A) The term 'teacher' means an indi that took him out of the space program. He vidual who is employed as a classroom ing a copy of the article from the Septem said at the time that it was racial bias that ber 1966 issue of Banking: teacher at an educational institution, or as removed him, but this was denied by space a supervisor, administrator, advisor, or con officials. (NOTE.-Here are the comments of several sultant in any capacity related to the instruc American youth are led to believe their Congressmen on the Justice Department's tional program of such an institution (in possibilties are without limit, but young Ne apparent belief that Congress did not mean cluding but not limited to guidance coun gro Americans almost never think that it what it said in the Bank Merger Act of 1966. selors and librarians) . applies to them. Today, however, the in In Banking's August issue a similar com "(B) The term 'educational institution' creasing pace of civil rights and integration ment from Representative WILLIAM B. Wm means an educational institution as defined have given Negro youth more hope for a bet NALL (R., N.J.) appeared.) in section 151(e) (4). ter tomorrow. A Negro astronaut out there "(C) The term 'institution of higher edu CONGRESS, JUSTICE-AND MERGERS in space would tremendously enhance the SENATOR WALLACE F. BENNETT cation' means an educational institution Negro image in America and throughout the which is authorized to confer baccalaureate world. Such an event would also have, with The Justice Department interpretation or higher academic degrees. intense subtlety, a great impact upon the that the Bank Me~!' Act can be used to " ( 4) EXCEPTIONS.- African nations. apply the antitrust laws to banks with more "(A) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not Yes; let us have a Negro astronaut. The force than before is surprising to me only apply to any expense paid or incurred by black man can be super, too. because it is in direct opposition to what the taxpayer prior to the time he first per I consider to have been the intent of Con forms services as a teacher. gress in the enactment of the Bank Merger "(B) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not Act amendments earlier this year. apply to any expense paid or incurred by the THE BANK MERGER ACT AMEND The Department has been charged with taxpayer for the purpose of obtaining, or MENT OF 1966 HAS COMPLICATED a responsibility and it is expected that it qualifying for, employment other than as would attempt to interpret any legislation in a teacher." AND CONFUSED THE LAW such a way as to give it maximum authortiy. SEC. 2. DEDUCTIONS FROM GROSS INCOME . Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani I was a member of the Banking and Cur Section 62(2) (relating to definition of ad mous consent that the gentleman from rency Committee of the Senate when the justed gross income) is amended by adding Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] may extend his 1960 Bank Merger Act was passed. We in at the end thereof the following new sub remarks at this point in the RECORD and tended at that time that banking factors be paragraph: considered at least equally along with the "(E) EDUCATIONAL EXPENSES OF TEACHERS. include extraneous matter. anticompetitive effects that might be a result The deduction allowed by section 162 (f) for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of a merger. This was upset by the court the educational expenses of teachers." the request of the gentleman from and it was the specific intent of the amend SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments California? ment passed this year to restate the original made by this section shall apply to taxable There was no objection. desire of the Congress, in light of the court years beginning after the date of the enact Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, on decision. ment of this Act. February 8, 1966, I opposed the Bank The legislative history and background Merger Act amendment which was being along with the language of the amendment debated on the floor of this House. The should leave no doubt that it was the intent A NEGRO ASTRONAUT of the Banking Committees of both Houses proponents of the act stated that it would as well as the majority of the members of Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani remove the banks from the strict applica both the House and the Senate that bank mous consent that the gentleman from tion of the antitrust law. There were mergers should be judged by special stand· September 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -IIOUSE 22761 ards in which consideration must be given mergers, the benign and the malignant The Justice Department, presumably con both to competitive factors and to the con alike," were prohibited. sidering itself a higher judge, takes the po venience and needs of those to be served. The Supreme Court's refusal to follow the sition that a merger must be invalidated re Even though competition may be substan Congressional intent led the Congress to gardless of the fact that it is in the public tially reduced, mergers may still be approved amend both the Bank Merger Act of 1960 and interest if it results in a lessening of com if the convenience and needs of the com the antitrust laws so that a single standard petition. munity clearly outweigh the anticompeti would be applied to bank mergers. The new The record is abundantly clear and I am tive effect. provision requires careful consideration of confident that the courts in future cases will The Attorney General suggested amend competitive factors by the banking agencies look to the intent of Congress rather than ments during the consideration of the legis and the courts, but it does not stop with the assumed prerogatives of the Department lation that would have made his power the competitive factors. They are not to be of Justice. stronger, as they are now claiming it is. controlling. The new provision specifically REPRESENTATIVE WILLIAMS. MOORHEAD It is significant that the Congress turned authorizes a merger which might substanti The Department of Justice apparently down the Attorney General's recommenda ally lessen competition if its anticompetitive claims that the Bank Merger Act of 1966 can tions in passing the amendment. effects are "clearly outweighed in the public be used to apply the antitrust law to banks, It may well be that the courts will be re interest by the probable effect of the trans "not only with equal, but more force, than quired again to interpret the language of the action in meeting the convenience and needs before." amended Bank Merger Act, but I think that of the community to be served." the intent of Congress in passing the amend This seems passing strange in view not only REPRESENTATIVE THOMAS L. ASHLEY of the general language of the 1966 act, but ments needs no interpretation. From all indications, the Department of also by the fact that the Congress expressed SENATOR JOHN SPARKMAN Justice has chosen to misconstrue the intent the fact that it had a contrary intent by leg The Justice Department has attacked a of the Congress when it adopted the new islatively reversing the three bank merger new merger by two Philadelphia banks, one Bank Merger Act. In its brief in a Phila decisions. of the first mergers approved under the new delphia merger case, the Department claims REPRESENTATIVE RICHARD L. OTTINGER standards set forth in the Bank Merger Act that the new act can be used to apply the The claim by the Justice Department in a Amendments of 1966. In its pretrial brief antitrust laws to banks "not only with equal, recent brief, in the Provident National Bank the Justice Department argues both that the but with more force than before." In a pre new law "does not affect the applicability and Central-Penn National Bank cases, that vious case, the Department stated that the the Bank Merger Act of 1966 applies anti of the antitrust laws to bank mergers"-that new law made "no substantial change in the trust laws more stringently and rigidly to this case "is U.S. v. Philadelphia National all substantive antitrust law" applicable to bank banks than before, is certainly a sharp re over again, only that the names have been mergers. In plain language, the Justice De versal of its position. The Department vigor changed," and that "the antitrust laws apply partment knows better. not only with equal, but more force, than ously opposed the bill while it was being It knows, as does anyone who had taken considered by the House Banking and Cur before." an interest, that the new Merger Act was rency Committee on the ground that we The Justice Department overlooks Section passed as a result of a surprise decision by would be emasculating antitrust law appli 3 of the 1966 law, which specifically author the United States Supreme Court in an cation to banks if we passed it. izes the two Philadelphia banks whose earlier earlier Philadelphia case holding for the In point of fact, it was precisely because merger was thrown out by the Supreme Court first time that the Clayton Act applied to the Justice Department had been applying to reinstitute their application and have it bank mergers. This was clearly contrary antitrust laws to banks too rigidly that the acted upon under the new standards of the to what Congress. understood and intended bill was passed. In a number of cases, the new law without prejudice by reason of the in 1960 when the original Bank Merger Act Department had moved against mergers of earlier proceedings. It is not often that was passed. small, nonviable (though not failing) banks Congress specifically overrules a Supreme In the earlier Philadelphia case, the Su on the grounds that merger would quanti Court decision. Section 3 makes it clear that preme Court had said: tatively reduce competition, in situations the 1966 amendment does so. "A merger the effect of which 'may be where the merged bank could in fact provide The Department of Justice, in a letter substantially to lessen competition' is not better competition for its larger-size com dated May 18, 1966, opposing a proposal to saved because, on some ultimate reckoning petitors and provide much better banking insert the same provisions in the Bank of social or economic debits and credits, it services to the community affected. In this Holding Company Act Amendments of 1966- may be deemed beneficial. . . . [Congress 1 type of situation, the committee felt the adopted by the Senate by a 64 to 16 vote proscribed anticompetitive mergers, the Justice Department, the regulatory agen admitted that "Congress ... passed the 1966 benign and the malignant alike, fully aware, cies and the courts should be required to Bank Merger Act amendment in order to we must assume, that some price might have consider "the convenience and needs of the assert a Congressional intent that bank to be paid." community to be served," and this was the mergers should not be treated in exactly the Bound by this decision of the High Court, major addition. same way as other mergers." the ·Federal District Judge hearing the Man Other changes were made to restrict the The basic issues here are clear. I com ufacturers Hanover merger case expressed arbitrary power of the Justice Departmen~ mented on them at greater length than space the resulting law in these terms: not enhance it. The Department was re now permits in the July 1965 issue of BANK "Thus, the Bank Merger Act would appear quired to bring action against a merger ING. to sanction agency approval of a merger, even within 30 days or be forever barred from Banking is a highly regulated industry, be though it violated the antitrust laws, if, on doing so in the future. Previously, the De cause of its relation to our money supply a balance of all the designated factors, the partment could move at any time, years and the growth and development of our en agency decided that, nevertheless, it was in after a merger was consummated-and the tire economy. We cannot ever again permit the over-all public interest. A court how merging banks could never have security the paralysis of business and commerce ever, would be obliged to invalidate a mer against such actions. This was frequently which resulted from the wave of bank sus ger found to violate the antitrust laws even used by the Department as a club against pensions in the early 1930s. Under the dual though it served the public interest." merged banks. banking system banks cannot spread across The whole purpose of the Bank Merger Act The Justice Department, the regulatory the country like industrial firms. Bank of 1966 was to reassert the basic premise, agencies and the courts were for the first charters, bank branches, bank mergers, in subsequently misconstrued by the Supreme time directed to use the same rules for terest on deposits, bank investments, and Court, of the 1960 act, namely, that banking judging a merger. The Attorney General was bank reserves are strictly regulated. Search services-furnishing the very life blood of required to advise the responsible regulatory ing bank examinations enforce these regu the economy of any community-have a agency involved of his opinion on the merger lations. legitimate claim to consideration as being in advance of determination. Like other regulated industries specifically "in the public interest," and must be weighed Let's examine the Department's claims, as exempt from Section 7 of the Clayton Act, both by the regulatory agencies and the reported in the press: banks have been required since 1960 to get courts against any diminution of competi "The Department claimed that under the permission to merge from Federal regulatory tion which may result from a proposed new laws a court is 'required' to use the agencies, and approval of the merger could merger. antitrust laws in judging bank mergers." only be granted after consideration of both Going back to the language of the district That's the truth, but not the whole truth. competitive and banking factors with the judge in the Manufacturers Hanover case, The court is required to use the antitrust final result depending on the public interest. the purpose and intent of Congress in pass laws but it is also required to weigh them The 1960 Bank Merger Act reflected a clear ing the 1966 act was to underscore that part against the convenience and needs of the Congressional intent not to apply to banking of the statement which in substance reads community to be served. If the former is the harsh rule of Section 7 of the Clayton ". . . the Bank Merger Act sanctions agency clearly outweighed by the latter, the court is Act that the demonstrable benefits of a approval of a merger, even though it violates required to approve the merger despite its merger are irrelevant. This was what the the antitrust laws, if, on a balance of all antitrust law findings. Supreme Court did in the 1963 Philadelphia the designated factors, the agency decides The Department claims the burden of case when it rewrote the statutes passed by that, nevertheless, it is in the over-an public proof rests on the banks and regulatory Congress and held that all "anticompetitive interest." agencies to prove the overriding effect of the 22762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE September 15, 1966 convenience and needs of the community to Yet we find that nonpar clearance, an vantage in relation to nonmember be served. The statute, however, is silent anachronistic throwback to a more banks. with respect to burden of pr.oof. The Department noted the blll provides primitive period when transfers of funds In past public discussions of nonpar .. specifically" that any action brought under were costly and time consuming, has per clearance, it has become clear that vir the antitrust laws arising out of a merger sisted in certain parts of the country. tually everyone is against the practice transaction shall be commenced within given Nonpar clearance occurs when a bank except the nonpar bankers themselves time limits, and it concluded thereby tbat fails to pay the full face amount of a and their friends. The economic moti we intended that future banks should be check drawn upon it, when that check is vation for the attempt of nonpar banks subject in the future to antitrust suits. presented by mail for payment. The to perpetuate the practice is evident. That's certainly true, but I fail to see how check is "clipped" by an amount repre it furthers the Department's argument. The According to one study, exchange committee never purported to be abolishing senting a fractional percentage of the charges represented about 4 to 5 the application of antitrust laws to banks face value. The innocent recipient of a percent of total operating revenue of we just sought to abolish their misuse and $200 check drawn on a nonpar bank nonpar banks in a recent year. How misinterpretation. may find that his own bank credits him ever, studies also show that the propor The brief used the requirement that anti with only $199.80, for ,example. The tion of total income obtained by nonpar competitive effects are to be "clearly out members of the public who are first ex banks from conventional service charges weighed" by convenience and needs of the posed to this practice find it shocking on their checking accounts is well below c.ommunity to be served to make its case and repugnant, and rightly so. that we intended to strengthen antitrust the same figure for par banks. More application. The Department has been mov Charges to cover the expenses of serv over, it appears that the proportion of ing against mergers, and the courts ruling icing checking accounts should be levied earning assets to total assets was lower against them, despite clear showing that bet on the holders of those accounts; these for nonpar banks than for par banks. ter service would result--indeed, there -.vere holders enter into agreements with their This demonstrates that reliance on se specific rulings that improved service to a banks at the time deposits are first made, curing easy revenue from exchange community could not be used at all to offset and any prospective depositor can shop diminution of competition. The legislative charges leads to the less efiicient use of history clearly shows the intent of the com among banks to secure the most satis funds by nonpar banks. mittee to reverse this situation. factory arrangement. The situation is The time has come to eliminate this quite ditferent when the recipient of a THE COMMITTEE'S INTENTION burden on interstate commerce, this con- · check drawn on a nonpar bank is in fusion of regulations, and this serious The fact of the matter is that the Bank voluntarily assessed, not only to cover the Merger Act of 1966 was passed to overturn competitive inequality between member the Supreme Court decision in the Philadel cost of servicing the checking account, and nonmember banks. The most di phia case which, in the view of the majority but also often to provide additional reve rect way of eliminating it is to make it on the committee (of which I was one) , mis nue for the drawee bank. unlawful for any federally insured bank Fortunately, most commercial banks I interpreted the Bank Merger Act of 1960 by to pay checks drawn on it at less than excluding consideration of the "banking fac in the United States clear all checks par. In view of the longstan~ing inter tors" therein enunciated. This is made com drawn on them at par. It is clear, of est of the Congress and the Federal ex pletely clear in the legislative history and is course, that had this not been the case, further borne out by the provision of the ecutive department in establishing a uni act conclusively presuming not to have been the public outcry against nonpar clear versal par-clearance system for checks, in violation of the antitrust laws any merger ance would long since have forced an it is certainly not unreasonable to ask consummated prior to the decision in the end to the practice. However, as of the State banks, as a condition to their re Philadelphia case. The clear and expressed end of 1965, 1,492 banks or 10.9 percent ceiving the benefits of Federal deposit intention of the committee was to exonerate of all banks, and 300 additional banking insurance, to join the great majority of banks that merged in good faith reliance on offices, still operated on a nonpar basis. banks with respect to check coUection. the Bank Merger Act of 1960 as interpreted These were all located in 15 States, and by the committee, to require consideration of The practice of charging exchange rep the banking factors rejected by the court in were concentrated in 6 States each hav resents an unnecessary and uneconomic that case. ing over 100 nonpar banks. cost to the Nation. In etfect, other The intent of the committee, in passing The practice of "check clipping" im banks, the business community and all the Bank Merger Act of 1966, clearly was to poses unfair burdens on both the gen citizens are being taxed to support the temper application of the antitrust laws to eral public and the great majority of practice of a relatively small percentage banks as interpreted rigidly in the Phila banks which do not make such charges of banks which are using anachronistic delphia case, by a requirement that the con ven1ence and needs of the community to be but which nevertheless have to act as laws to levy unreasonable charges. The served also be considered by all agencies in collecting agents when handling checks inequities in such a situation are ap volved and the courts. drawn on the nonpar banks. A most parent. important reason for outlawing the The proposed bill provides for a tran practice is the burden it places on the sition period of 1 year during which non MANDATORY pAR CLEARANCE OF efficiency of the check collection proc- par banks will be able to make up for CHECK.S esses. Checks drawn on nonpar !>anks the loss of exchange charge revenue by have to be handled separately from placing realistic and competitive service · Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- other checks and the additional costs of charges on their own demand accounts mous consent that the gentleman from such handling have to be passed on to and also by making more efficient use of California [Mr. HANNA] may extend his the payees or absorbed by the handling their funds. remarks at this point in the RECORD and banks. The question whether collecting H.R.- include extraneous matter. banks may lawfully absorb such charges A bill to require all insured banks to clear The SPEAKER. Is there objection to has been given two diametrically op checks at par the request of the gentleman from posite answers by the Federal Reserve SECTION 1. Section 18 of the Federal De California? . Board and by the FDIC. The Federal posit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1828) is There was no objection. Reserve has taken the position that its amended by the addition of a new subsec tion (k) as follows: Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, the money member banks may not absorb ex "(k) Every insured bank shall pay all supply of the United States totaled $171.1 change charges-except in very limited checks drawn on it at par and shall make no billion on June 30, 1966. Of this amount, amounts-because to do so would charge for the payment of such checks and $133.8 billion, or 78 percent, was in the amount to an unlawful payment of in remission therefor by exchange or otherwise. form of demand deposits at commercial terest to their checking account ens For each violation of this subsection by an banks; only 22 percent was in the form of tamers. The FDIC takes the opposite insured bank, it shall be subject to a pen currency. In our complex, interrelated, alty of not more than $100, which the Corpo financially oriented economy, it is vital position that insured nonmember ration may recover for its use." that checks drawn on demand deposits be banks may absorb such charges without SEc. 2. The second proviso in the first fully interchangeable with currency at limit. The result of these conflicting paragraph of Section 13 of the Federal Re serve Act (12 U.S.C. 342) ls hereby repealed. face value. Any departure from this free rules has been to place member banks, SEc. 3. The amendments made by this Act interchangeability renders our vital pay- the great majority of which are national shall take effect one year after the date of ments mechanism defective. banks, at a serious competitive disad- enactment. September 15, ·1966 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD- HOUSE 22763 THE HIGU HOLIDAYS, 5727 under indictment for yet another viola joblessness among Negro teenagers is in tion both of human justice and decency. creasing. Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani The only institution in this society whose mous consent that the gentleman from I hope and pray that the corning year economic programs coincides with the needs Dlinois [Mr. ANNUNZIO J may extend his of the Jewish calendar may bring favor of the civil rights movement is the labor remarks at this point in the RECORD and able developments in this and other dif movement. Full and fair employment, a include extraneous matter. ficulties confronting the Jewish people, higher minimum wage, housing subsidies and that the blessings of health, hap and democratic economic planning are the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to answers to Negro impoverishment--and let the request of the gentleman from piness, and prosperity may come to the Jews of America and of all the world. me add, to white impoverishment as well. California? They are the basic plans of the AFL-CIO There was no objection. economic program. Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, Sep The American Federation of Teachers is THE NEGRO AND LABOR vigorously organizing Negroes. The AFL tember 15 and 16, 1966, mark the festival CIO has guaranteed the funds needed to of the New Year in the Jewish religious Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani organize the migrant laborer, and the Indus calendar, Rosh Hashana, the opening mous consent that the gentleman from trial Union Department has opened commu of the year 5727, and the commencement New Jersey [Mr. THOMPSON] may extend nity grievance offices in Chicago to help Dr. of the 10-day period called the high his remarks at this point in the REcORD Martin Luther King organize. Labor's fight holidays. This period concludes with and include extraneous matter. for the repeal of 14(b) will help the Negro. Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, oc The SPEAKER. Is there objection to In the right-to-work states, not only do Ne the request of the gentleman from groes earn less than white workers, but they curring this year on September 24. This are falling further and further behind. is, for the Jewish people, a time for re California? In the area of political action, the goals fiection upon the past year, of repentance There was no objection. of the labor movement and the civil rights for-things ill done or undone, of good Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. movement are one and the same. When resolutions for the corning year, and for Speaker, one of the most highly respected both movements joined hands, Dixiecrats a renewal of hope and joy. veterans in the civil rights movements is were defeated in Tennessee and Virginia. I should like, on this occasion, to ex Mr. A. Philip Randolph. When they were divided and did not co tend my greetings and best wishes for One of the most highly respected vet ordinate efforts in Alabama, racist-reaction A. aries won. the holiday season to my many friends erans in the labor movement is Mr. And thus we see that social justice (the of the Jewish faith and tradition, and Philip Randolph, a vice president of the objective of the civil rights movement) and to express my grateful appreciation for AFL-CIO and president of the Brother economic reform (the objective of the labor the great contributions the Jewish people hood of Sleeping Car Porters. movement) have become inextricably inter have made and are making to Western He, therefore, possesses the best cre twined in our lifetime. A separation between culture and to mankind's aspirations for dentials to speak of both movements and organized labor and the Negro struggle can moral courage and intellectual freedom. their interrelationship. This he has only encourage the growth of reactionary done in a splendid Labor Day broadcast currents in American political and cultural The terrible sufferings and the tremen life. Alone, the civil rights movement can dous number of deaths of the jews under over stations of the American Broadcast not win job£, better housing and decent Nazi persecution should be well remem ing Co. network. schools. Alone, the labor movement does not bered by us all as a warning of the ter I include Mr. Randolph's comments as have the power to defeat anti-labor legisla rible lengths to which anti-Semitism and a part of my remarks and I commend tion and to protect workers' rights. other racial and religious prejudice them to the attention of all of my col The Negro-Labor alliance is our strongest leagues: weapon against the coalition of reactionary can go. Republicans and Dixiecrats who would de In this connection, I call to the at Eighty-four years ago, in 1882, the Knights of Labor celebrated the first Labor Day in our prive the Negro of his civil rights, who would tention of my fellow Members of Con nation's history. In the wake of the grea,t drag organized labor back to the 19th Cen gress, and of the people of the United Civil War, the Knights organized integrated tury and who would repeal social progress. States of America, the pending proposal union locals in the South and ran Negroes The political power of this reactionary coal that Congress should make it clear to the for public office. Southern oligarchs finally ition must be shattered. It must be shat Government of the Soviet Union that we used racism as a weapon to destroy those tered in Congress where the seniority system early southern trade unions. and the lingering disenfranchisement of Ne condemn the persecution of the Jews groes enables it to exercise a strangle-hold and urge that Government to live up to It is only fitting that we pause today to recall the dream of that early movement. over Congressional committees. No sooner its own constitutional guarantees of For that dream of a Negro-Labor alliance ls was Representative HowARD SMITH of Vir freedom of religion. even more relevant today than it was 84 years ginia defeated, than was he replaced as This proposal I have embodied in a ago. Chairman of the House Rules Committee by concurrent resolution, House Concurrent We must pause also to remember that the an ardent Mississippi segregationist. modern civil rights movement owes much to It must be shattered on the local level Resolution 177, pending in the present where right-wing groups are launching a Congress but not yet acted upon. As the la-bor movement. Our recent civil rights gains were based largely on the economic reactionary counter-revolution against the stated in this resolution--:- progress the Negro registered with labor's civil rights revolution. It must be shattered Abundant evidence has made clear that the · help in the 1940's and 1950's. The Civil in the right-to-work states where it perpetu Government of the Soviet Union is perse.cut Rights Act of 1964 and 1965 could not have ates a permanent depression economy. The ing Jewish citizens by singling them out for been passed if the labor movement had not reactionary coalition which denies us a sub extreme punishment for alleged economic worked around the clock-concentrating its stantial minimum wage, which denies us offenses, by confiscating synagogues, by clos expert lobbying on Congressmen whose con rent-subsidies and which diminishes and de ing Jewish cemeteries, by arresting rabbis stituencies were not substantially Negro. means the war on poverty, can only be and lay religion leaders, by curtailing reli The Negro non-violent movement owes a . smashed by a strong Negro-Labor alliance. gious observances, by discriminating against great deal to Gandhi and Thoreau, but it is For when the masses of white workers join Jews in cultural activities and access to also indebted to the American labor move black workers in the streets and at the polls, higher education, by imposing restrictions ment for much of its techniques-for ex we wm be well on the way to the demo that prevent the reuniting of Jews with their ample, the boycott, mass picketing and most cratic political revolution which will free all families in other lands, and by other acts important, the sit-down strike. Americans from minority rule. that oppress Jews in the free exercise of Today, thanks to the monumental sacri We must not only proclaim the need for an their faith. fices of civil rights workers, the support of alliance, we must prove to the advocates of labor and religious groups, the Negro has at black power, to the worker who fears for his There is little we can do about this long last won his juridicial rights. But in job and his home, to the depressed and alien tragic situation within the Soviet Union. many areas of the South, he is still too un ated white poor, that progressive social But I fervently believe that at least we organized and too intimidated to use his change is possible. We must join in the can and should speak out, with the full vote effectively. fight for an end to poverty. est force of our official position, so that He is also too poor to use integrated facili Let me say here that too many Americans the persecuted Jews of the Soviet Union ties and too poor to buy homes in newly inte are ignorant of labor's role in the fight may know that their sufferings are not grated suburbs. In fact twelve years after against poverty, which is the fight for eco the historic Supreme Court decision outlaw nomic democracy. Between 1960 and 1965, ignored and so that the Government of ing segregated schools, more Negro children after-tax corporate profits rose 67%, as com the Soviet Union may be formally attend all black schools than in 1954. More pared with a rise of only 33% in wages, sal brought before the bar of world opinion, over, tb!l slums are more dilapidated and aries and fringe benefits. Eastern Airlines 22764 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE ·September 15, 1966 alone since 1964 has increased its profits by Negroes who have been driven off the farm 1,660 deaths due to railroad crossing ac 100 %. Let these facts be borne in mind by into a city life for which they are not pre . cidents. There were some 6,000 non those who were outraged by the airline strike pared, cannot be compared to the immi and by the final settlement of 6%. I con grants of old. The tenements which were fatal injuries from such accidents. tend that the machinists' strike, which jammed by newcomers were way stations of And if you have ever had the misfor sought to divert enormous corporate profits hope. The ghettoes of today have become tune to be delayed by a long freight train into workers' wages and fringe benefits, dead ends of despair. We must guarantee at a grade crossing, you know how incon struck .a blow on behalf of the war on full and fair employment--it can no longer venient that can be. poverty. be a question of pious statements of public Since most all railroads today are in For when wages and salaries lag behind intent which lead only to a deeper frustra volved in interstate commerce, I believe profits, income is distributed upward. Con tion. Twenty-two years late we must return sumer purchasing power falls behind pro to the idea of a legal obligatory guarantee that the Federal Government has not ductivity, and the end result is rising un of work. There have been too many vague only the right, but the duty to do some employment and poverty. In the face of promises. thing about this danger to our citizens. fantastic corporate profits, guidelines which The President's Commission on automation There is more than a convenience fac would restrict wage increases to 3.2 %, en reported that there are 5,300,000 public serv tor involved in railroad crossings being danger the whole economy and create spe ice jobs unfilled right now in health educa blocked by long trains when an ambu cial hardships for workers at the bottom of tion, beautification and the like. One of our lance or other emergency vehicle is de the ladder. top priorities should be training to fill them. layed unnecessarily. I believe that the This is only one example of how our We have just had a debate over extend economic policies contradict the war on pov ing minimum wage coverage to the poorest savings in human life and suffering will erty. Training and community action pro of the poor. Opponents of that wage have more than offset the cost of this pro grams will avail us little if the wage-profit said th!.t if employers of stoop labor in the gram. gap continues to spread. Yet, the 1964 tax fields were required to pay a decent living cut had an effect of increasing corporate wage, or if the salaries of hospital employees after-tax profits by $3 billion-more than were raised, these occupations would be de THE ATTERBURY JOB CORPS the cost of the entire federal war on poverty. stroyed because the employer would be moti CENTER And still there are those who would tell us vated to mechanize. I see no reason why that we lack the resources for a war on pov these occupations should be preserved, so Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani erty, that domestic social spending must be long as useful and humane work can be mous consent that the gentleman from slashed because of the war in Vietnam! found for those displaced. Let us not treat Indiana [Mr. DENTON] may extend his They would have this war borne upon the the unemployed and under-employed as a remarks at this point in the RECORD and bent shoulders of the poor. burden, but as a reservoir of talent, who, if include extraneous matter. I am. proud that these voices of reaction only given a chance, could make this society are most sternly resisted by the American a better place to live in for all. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to labor movement--at the collective bargain I can anticipate argum.ents which say that the request of the gentleman from ing table and, when there is no other re this program of massive spending discrimi California? course, in strikes and picket lines. nates in favor of the black man or the poor There was no objection. At the planning meeting for the White .generally. That is not true. It is only the Mr. DENTON. Mr. Speaker, from House Conference, "To Fulfill These Rights," first installment in giving those least able time to time in the newspapers I receive I proposed a 100 billion dollar Freedom to pay at least the public assistance in from my district I run across articles Budget, a massive investment to destroy the housing that we have lavished on the rich. which I feel are of interest to many per slums and eliminate poverty. After World War II, the GI Bill of Rights The Budget attacks all of the major causes was instituted to help veterans go to school. sons who probably do not receive these of poverty-unemployment, and underem It would be a wise social investment to pay Indiana papers. Recently a series of ployment, substandard pay, inadequate so the vete·rans of the ghetto to go to school such articles came into my office. cial insurance and welfare payments to those today. And let us invest so that after we This series of three articles deals with who cannot or should not be employed; bad have torn down the slums and built new the Atterbury Job Corps Center and the housing, deficiencies in health services, edu housing, schools and hospitals, we can fill Job Corps program. It was written by cation and training; and fiscal and monetary their shells with teachers aids, doctors, Frank A. White and widely circulated policies which tend to redistribute income nurses, hospital aids, al"tists and actors and throughout the State in Mr. White's regressively rather than progressively. The their apprentices. We can build new towns, Freedom Budget leaves no room for dis but not as hideouts for the white middle column, "The Hoosier Day." I believe crimination in any form because its pro class where social problems and responsibili that Mr. White has done an excellent job grams are addressed to all who need more ties are ignored. We can plan new towns of looking at the Job Corps program in opportunity and improved incomes and liv from the ground up as integrated, produc an objective and factual way. This ing standards, not to just some of them. tive communities. series of articles does much to dispel Let me interject a word here to those who We have before us the fantastic potential the fallacious charges being made by say that Negroes are asking just for another to celebrate the second century of America's many people in an effort to repudiate handout and are refusing to help them existence by the abolition of ghettos an
EXT ENS I 0 N S 0 F REM A.R K S
Another Honor for the Duchess; Theta In 1960, Mrs; Tufty was elected presi Minshall Again Brings Traveling Office to dent of the American Women in Radio Sigma Phi Honors Esther Van Wagoner & Television. In 1965, she traveled District Tufty With Its Highest Award to South Africa and Rhodesia, made two Radio Free Europe inspection trips and EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS spoke in several foreign countries. OF OF Esther Tufty comes from a politically prominent Michigan family, and her HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL HON. ROBERT C. McEWEN brother, Murray D. Van Wagoner, is a OF OHIO OF NEW YORK former Governor of that State. She now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resides in a historic house on the banks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, September 15, 1966 Thursday, September 15, 1966 of the Potomac River th;at was an orig inal part of the Mount Vernon estate. Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, for the Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I should In addition to representing eight past 12 years it has been my privilege like today to recognize one of America's Michigan newspapers and two Michigan and honor to represent the citizens of great newswomen, Mrs. Esther Van press associations in the Nation's Capi the 23d Congressional District of Ohio Wagoner Tufty, and to bring to the at tal, Mrs. Tufty represents the Ogdens in the U.S. House of Representatives. tention of the House of Representatives burg, N.Y., Journal, the Ogdensburg, As the Representative of this out the most recent of the many honors that N.Y., Advance-News, the Massena, N.Y., standing district, I make every effort have come to this outstanding member Observer, and the Potsdam, N.Y., Cour not only to keep well informed on th~ of the Washington scene. ier-Freeman, all published in my c·on opinions of the people through personal Top :flight journalist, astute political gressional district. contact, but also attempt to be of the observer, hard digger of the facts, re The distinguished minority leader of greatest possible service to those who spected member of the press corps, able the House of Representatives, the Honor have problems involving Federal de chief of a major news bureau, devoted able GERALD R. FORD, JR., of Michigan, partments and agencies. To help ac mother, all these descriptions fit one of was talking with me just yesterday about complish this, I maintain a year-round my closest friends, whose affectionate Mrs. Tufty, and he wishes to join me in congressional office in room 525 of the sobriquet is "the Duchess." expressing words of special tribute and Federal Building in downtown Cleve Last month, Esther Tufty was one of deep appreciation to her for her many land. four women in the fields of journalism years of unwavering dedication to the Throughout my six terms in Congress I and communications to receive the cov importance of a free and responsible have made every effort to keep the people eted National Headliner of the Year press. GERRY FoRD is well aware of informed about the national scene. My Award from Theta Sigma Phi, the wom the contribution ma.de to Michigan by newsletter, the Washington Report, pe en's national journalism fraternity. the Van Wagoner family, both in the riodically summarizes major legislative The fact that the "Duchess" had been field of government and in the field of activities of the Congress and other issues tapped for such recognition came as no journalism, and he has asked that I in confronting the Nation. surprise to me, for I have long been clude his best wishes as I recognize Mrs. During my service in Washington, I aware of her outstanding qualities as one Tufty today. have considered it of primary importance of the leading women in her field. , Mr. Speaker, upon my arrival in Wash to be present at the Capitol whenever the The award, which is the fraternity's ington as a freshman Member of the Congress is in session in order to par highest, was presented to Mrs. Tufty in House of Representatives more than a ticipate in committee work and to vote Fort Worth on August 18. She was par year ago, one of the first persons I sought on legislation. Because of the intensive ticularly cited for her preeminent stature out was Esther Tufty, for already I had daily legislative and committee sched in journalism. For three decades, she come to know of her keen grasp of mat ule last year and this; with Congress in has headed the Tufty News Bureau, the ters political, of the immense respect almost continuous session, I have not largest run by a woman and one of the held for her by leading fig'ures of gov been able to return to Cleveland as fre largest in Washington. Mrs. Tufty is a ernment and the press, and, very frankly, quently as I would like. former president of the Women's Na I knew that she was one of those per My Appropriations Committ~e assign tional Press Club and is 1 of 50 in:fiuen sons that every newcomer to the Con ments are particularly time consuming. tial women chosen by Secretary of gress needs to depend upon for wise In addition to membership on the De Defense McNamara to serve on DACO counsel. partment of Defense Appropriations Sub WITS-Defense Advisory Committee on The "Duchess" has given me that wise committee, I also serve on the Independ Women in the Services. counsel, but only when I have asked her ent Offices Appropriations Subcommit Other awards have included a recent for it. Even more, she has brought tee, which encompasses the budgets of one from Delta Sigma Theta, inter warmth and humor and good feeling into 22 important Federal agencies. Com racial women's public service organiza our interviews, and this has made such bined, my subcommittee responsibilities tion, and another in 1963, when she re ocoasions the more pleasant for mev ' involve nearly two-thirds of the total na ceived a Distinguished Service Award I am delighted today to pay tribute to tional budget and of necessity require from the President's Committee on Em this grand lady of letters, and it is my many hours of work in locked -door ses ployment of the Handicapped for her fond and sincere hope that she will con sions on Capitol Hill and on-the-spot work on that committee and articles tinue to provide the readers in my dis committee investigations. promoting the hiring of the · handi trict with top coverage of the affairs of Because so much time must be spent capped. our Nation for many years to come. in Washington, I initiated a practice 12