DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of Pepino (Solanum Muricatum Aiton) Fruit: a Quality Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of Pepino (Solanum Muricatum Aiton) Fruit: a Quality Perspective | POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY HORTSCIENCE 51(9):1127–1133. 2016. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI10883-16 of S. muricatum. Most importantly, these authors confirmed that the center of origin Solanum and diversity of pepino is Northern Ecuador/ A Review of Pepino ( Southern Colombia, and that pepino is closely related to species of the Caripensia muricatum Aiton) Fruit: A series (Blanca et al., 2007). Pepinos have been commercially and Quality Perspective experimentally grown in several countries, including Australia (El-Zeftawi et al., 1988), Carolina Contreras, Mauricio Gonzalez-Ag uero,€ and Bruno G. Defilippi1 Chile (Bravo and Arias, 1983), Colombia Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Unidad de (Ruiz and Nuez, 1997), Peru, Ecuador (Bravo Postcosecha, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile and Arias, 1983), Israel (Levy et al., 2006; Schaffer et al., 1989), New Zealand (Heyes Additional index words. Solanaceae, quality, breeding, storage potential, climacteric, flavor et al., 1994; Redgwell and Turner, 1986), Abstract Turkey (Kola et al., 2015), United States . Many attempts have been made to introduce pepinos in several countries. These (Ahumada and Cantwell, 1996), and Spain efforts have involved breeding programs designed to adapt pepino plants to the respective (Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., 2004b, 2011; climates and consumer preferences. However, low yields and the relatively small amount of Ruiz and Nuez, 1997; Ruiz et al., 1997), information on the crop have played a negative role for the expansion of the pepino. where cultivars have been developed for Information on other features of the fruit (e.g., quality, physiology, and sensory attributes) is a Mediterranean climate. also scarce. Only a few studies provide useful data on pepino handling and storage potential; For Chile, the cultivated surface is un- hence, there is not an adequate postharvest strategy to store this species. The objective of known, but the latest census data on planted this review is to provide and discuss the available literature, with an emphasis on farms reported 634 ha of pepino with the postharvest physiology aspects, and present 1) breeding for quality and how this has led specific geographic area for this crop in the to the development of the cultivars known today, 2) fruit physiology and quality, 3) handling IV Region of Coquimbo (North of Chile) and physiological disorders of pepino, and 4) highlight challenges for future research. (ODEPA, Census of Agriculture, 2007). Production is mainly destined for the do- mestic market, and no export records are The pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton), (Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., 2011). Unfortu- kept. There are currently no registered which is also referred to as pepino dulce in nately, pepino studies in the area of origin are cultivars in Chile, although characteristic Spanish, has been described as a succulent, scarce, and some reasons may lie in the fact that types are distinguished by fruit characteris- juicy, and sweet fruit that is used mainly in pepino is classified as a secondary fruit (Lizana tics and/or by regions where pepinos are desserts, although some cultivars have been and Levano, 1977), exotic or nontraditional grown (Bravo and Arias, 1983). In general, used in salads due to their higher acidity crop, it has a low cultivated surface leading to clonal propagation by cuttings is the only content and grassy flavor notes (Rodríguez- reduced product availability in markets, and an mean of reproduction. This is also recom- Burruezo et al., 2004a, 2011). In the 1990s, insignificant economic importance relative to mended for the cultivars released by Spain pepino was proposed as a physiological other major crops. and other breeding programs, where each model of the texture or firmness changes that The aim of the present review is to cultivar must be vegetatively propagated by occur during maturation and ripening (Heyes critically summarize information of past stem cuttings to maintain the characteristics et al., 1994), and in recent years, research has and recent years on pepino breeding and (Prohens et al., 2002; Rodríguez-Burruezo focused on genetic improvement of fruit postharvest physiology. In particular, re- et al., 2004b). Although the plant is a pe- quality (Levy et al., 2006; Rodríguez- search experiences about storage potential rennial shrub, it is grown annually due to Burruezo et al., 2004b, 2011). The pepino and quality are discussed. its frost sensitivity. Additionally, the plant fruit is a diploid (2n = 24) subtropical species is moderately tolerant to salinity (Ruiz and and is also known as melon pear, melon Nuez, 1997) and grows well under poor shrub, or sweet cucumber. Native species Pepino Crop soil conditions (Bravo and Arias, 1983) from South America, more specifically from The first documented use of S. murica- (Fig. 2). However, pepino plants are sen- the Andes area of Peru and Chile, is widely tum is cited on pre-Inca ceramics displaying sitive to high temperatures, particularly distributed from Colombia to Bolivia (Daunay images of the fruit that date to at least 2000 during pollination and fruit setting (Burge, et al., 1995) (Fig. 1). The pepino fruit served as years ago (Anderson et al., 1996). These 1989). an important crop in Pre-Columbian Andean authors also found that several unique hap- One of the main problems of pepino fruit cultures, and it is a member of the Solanaceae lotypes come from Colombia, suggesting is its low organoleptic quality, which does family, which includes several important crops, that Colombia is the center of origin, based not meet consumer standards as a result such as tomatoes (S. lycopersicum), potatoes on the presumption that diversity is associ- of poor handling and inadequate storage (S. tuberosum), and eggplants (S. melongena) ated with the genetic origin. Therefore, treatments (Huyskens-Keil et al., 2001; among others (Prohens et al., 1996). Of the Anderson et al. (1996) hypothesized that Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., 2011). Very few 1500 species described in the Solanum although the progenitor(s) is/are likely ex- studies report harvest indices. For example, genus (Weese and Bohs, 2007), pepino is tinct, the closest wild ancestors are Solanum El-Zeftawi et al. (1988) recommend that one of the few that is domesticated and caripense and Solanum tabanoense because pepinos should be golden yellow in color, cultivated for food purposes (Daunay et al., they are also found in Colombia and are both with a firmness of 2 kg·cm–2, 40% juice, and 1995). haplotype-associated with S. muricatum. 9°Brix. Today, consumers are more informed Interestingly, most pepino research has been Later, Blanca et al. (2007), by taking advan- and interested in the consumption of exotic conducted in New Zealand, Spain, and Israel tage of more sophisticated genetic tools, fruits of high nutritional value (Rodríguez- through their respective breeding programs concluded that S. muricatum is a compli- Burruezo et al., 2011). For example, pepino is cated cultigen and suggested that several described as a fruit with high water content wild species contributed to its origins and (92% fresh weight) and with excellent anti- Received for publication 22 Apr. 2016. Accepted evolution. Part of the haplotype richness of oxidant properties; therefore, pepino is rec- for publication 22 July 2016. the pepino may be attributed to hybridiza- ommended for diabetic and sugar-free diets We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of tions that occurred at several places and due to its low sugar content. Thus, pepino CONICYT-Chile (Fondecyt project 3150082). times, and to a lack of genetic and geographic has a great potential for use as a natu- 1Corresponding author. E-mail: bdefi[email protected]. barriers between cultivated and wild species ral antioxidant and beyond its nutritional HORTSCIENCE VOL. 51(9) SEPTEMBER 2016 1127 the early 1990s (Ruiz et al., 1992). As a result, into relatively high amplified fragment length two commercial pepino cultivars for the polymorphism (AFLP)-estimated genetic dis- Mediterranean climate, ‘Sweet Long’ and tance and high heterozygosity (Rodríguez- ‘Sweet Round’, were developed as clone Burruezo et al., 2011). In other countries, such selections from seeds from northern and cen- as Israel, lesser-known cultivars have been tral Chilean accessions (Ruiz et al., 1997). developed. The breeding program in Israel Both cultivars were commercially cultivated in released the following cultivars Pepo (the most Spain, and their fruit were exported to several widely cultivated cultivar in Israel), Becky, European countries. Thereafter, through the Rosy, Hannah, Nitza, and Tally (Levy et al., same breeding program, Spain selected hy- 2006). Although this program is not as exten- brids with elevated levels of ascorbic acid, sive as the Spanish breeding program, the high firmness for increased resistance to bruis- authors confirmed an improvement in quality ing, round to ovoid fruit shapes (Prohens and traits (flavor and appearance) by breeding. Fig. 1. Pepino fruit at three different maturity Nuez, 1999), a crispy texture, and low sugar Noteworthy, the authors found no correlation stages. Green (top), white (center), and yellow content for use in salads, as in the case of cv. between high SSC and flavor acceptance. Other (bottom) ground color. Puzol (Prohens et al., 2002). pepino cultivars mentioned in the literature are Other breeding studies have indicated that listed in Table 1; unfortunately, the breeding pepino presents high genotypic variation, programs for some cultivars are unknown or confirming that the pepino is a highly vari- not mentioned. Other pepino cultivars that able species. In addition, dramatic pheno- are briefly mentioned in the literature include typic variations exist among pepino cultivars ‘Lincoln Long’, ‘Golden Litestripe’, ‘Schmidt’ and ecotypes. Contrary to tomatoes, this (Prohens et al., 1996), ‘Lima’, ‘Otavalo’, and phenotypic variation is correlated with a high ‘Quito’ (Prohens et al., 2002). variation at the molecular level, as demon- As for Chile, Munoz~ et al. (2014) recently strated by phylogeny studies (Anderson et al., reported a study based on the physiological 1996; Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., 2003).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sharon J. Collman WSU Snohomish County Extension Green Gardening Workshop October 21, 2015 Definition
    Sharon J. Collman WSU Snohomish County Extension Green Gardening Workshop October 21, 2015 Definition AKA exotic, alien, non-native, introduced, non-indigenous, or foreign sp. National Invasive Species Council definition: (1) “a non-native (alien) to the ecosystem” (2) “a species likely to cause economic or harm to human health or environment” Not all invasive species are foreign origin (Spartina, bullfrog) Not all foreign species are invasive (Most US ag species are not native) Definition increasingly includes exotic diseases (West Nile virus, anthrax etc.) Can include genetically modified/ engineered and transgenic organisms Executive Order 13112 (1999) Directed Federal agencies to make IS a priority, and: “Identify any actions which could affect the status of invasive species; use their respective programs & authorities to prevent introductions; detect & respond rapidly to invasions; monitor populations restore native species & habitats in invaded ecosystems conduct research; and promote public education.” Not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that cause/promote IS intro/spread Political, Social, Habitat, Ecological, Environmental, Economic, Health, Trade & Commerce, & Climate Change Considerations Historical Perspective Native Americans – Early explorers – Plant explorers in Europe Pioneers moving across the US Food - Plants – Stored products – Crops – renegade seed Animals – Insects – ants, slugs Travelers – gardeners exchanging plants with friends Invasive Species… …can also be moved by • Household goods • Vehicles
    [Show full text]
  • Of Physalis Longifolia in the U.S
    The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review1 ,2 3 2 2 KELLY KINDSCHER* ,QUINN LONG ,STEVE CORBETT ,KIRSTEN BOSNAK , 2 4 5 HILLARY LORING ,MARK COHEN , AND BARBARA N. TIMMERMANN 2Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 3Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA 4Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA 5Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review. The wild tomatillo, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and related species have been important wild-harvested foods and medicinal plants. This paper reviews their traditional use as food and medicine; it also discusses taxonomic difficulties and provides information on recent medicinal chemistry discoveries within this and related species. Subtle morphological differences recognized by taxonomists to distinguish this species from closely related taxa can be confusing to botanists and ethnobotanists, and many of these differences are not considered to be important by indigenous people. Therefore, the food and medicinal uses reported here include information for P. longifolia, as well as uses for several related taxa found north of Mexico. The importance of wild Physalis species as food is reported by many tribes, and its long history of use is evidenced by frequent discovery in archaeological sites. These plants may have been cultivated, or “tended,” by Pueblo farmers and other tribes. The importance of this plant as medicine is made evident through its historical ethnobotanical use, information in recent literature on Physalis species pharmacology, and our Native Medicinal Plant Research Program’s recent discovery of 14 new natural products, some of which have potent anti-cancer activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Pseudocapsicum
    Solanum pseudocapsicum COMMON NAME Jerusalem cherry FAMILY Solanaceae AUTHORITY Solanum pseudocapsicum L. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE SOLPSE HABITAT Bartons Bush, Trentham. Apr 2006. Terrestrial. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe FEATURES Erect, unarmed shrub, glabrous or sometimes with few branched hairs on very young shoots; stems wiry, 40~120cm tall. Petiole to 2cm long, slender. Lamina 3~12 x 1~3cm, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, glossy above; margins usu. undulate; base narrowly attenuate; apex obtuse or acute. Flowers 1~several; peduncle 0~8mm long; pedicels 5~10mm long, erect at fruiting. Calyx 4~5mm long; lobes lanceolate to ovate, slightly accrescent. Corolla approx. 15mm diam., white, glabrous; lobes oblong- ovate to triangular. Anthers 2.5~3mm long. Berry 1.5~2cm diam., globose, glossy, orange to scarlet, long-persistent; stone cells 0. Seeds approx. Bartons Bush, Trentham. Apr 2006. 3mm diam., suborbicular to reniform or obovoid, rather asymmetric; Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe margin thickened. (-Webb et. al., 1988) SIMILAR TAXA A plant with attractive glossy orange or red berries around 1-2 cm diameter (Department of Conservation 1996). FLOWERING October, November, December, January, February, March, April, May FLOWER COLOURS White, Yellow YEAR NATURALISED 1935 ORIGIN Eastern Sth America ETYMOLOGY solanum: Derivation uncertain - possibly from the Latin word sol, meaning “sun,” referring to its status as a plant of the sun. Another possibility is that the root was solare, meaning “to soothe,” or solamen, meaning “a comfort,” which would refer to the soothing effects of the plant upon ingestion. Reason For Introduction Ornamental Life Cycle Comments Perennial. Dispersal Seed is bird dispersed (Webb et al., 1988; Department of Conservation 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Avispas Parasitoides Asociadas Al
    Avispas parasitoides asociadas al pasador del fruto Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en cultivos de lulo Solanum quitoense (Solanales: Solanaceae) en Villagómez (Cundinamarca): Fundamentos para la educación en control biológico. JORGE HUMBERTO RODRÍGUEZ CASALLAS UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA NACIONAL FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA LICENCIATURA EN BIOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA 2014 Avispas parasitoides asociadas al pasador del fruto Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en cultivos de lulo Solanum quitoense (Solanales: Solanaceae) en Villagómez (Cundinamarca): Fundamentos para la educación en control biológico. JORGE HUMBERTO RODRÍGUEZ CASALLAS Trabajo de grado como requisito parcial para optar por el título de Licenciado en Biología. DIRECTOR DIEGO FERNANDO CAMPOS M.Sc. UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA NACIONAL FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA LICENCIATURA EN BIOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA 2014 2 Nota de aceptación _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Director ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Jurado 1 ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Jurado 2 ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Bogotá, Colombia 2014. 3 A mis padres Humberto y Ofelia, y a mi hermana Bibiana, porque detrás de este sueño de ser docente, siempre estuvo el amor de una familia. 4 AGRADECIMIENTOS Aunque es difícil expresar los agradecimientos
    [Show full text]
  • Natural and Synthetic Derivatives of the Steroidal Glycoalkaloids of Solanum Genus and Biological Activity
    Natural Products Chemistry & Research Review Article Natural and Synthetic Derivatives of the Steroidal Glycoalkaloids of Solanum Genus and Biological Activity Morillo M1, Rojas J1, Lequart V2, Lamarti A 3 , Martin P2* 1Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Research Institute, University of Los Andes, Mérida P.C. 5101, Venezuela; 2University Artois, UniLasalle, Unité Transformations & Agroressources – ULR7519, F-62408 Béthune, France; 3Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco ABSTRACT Steroidal alkaloids are secondary metabolites mainly isolated from species of Solanaceae and Liliaceae families that occurs mostly as glycoalkaloids. α-chaconine, α-solanine, solamargine and solasonine are among the steroidal glycoalkaloids commonly isolated from Solanum species. A number of investigations have demonstrated that steroidal glycoalkaloids exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities such as antitumor, teratogenic, antifungal, antiviral, among others. However, these are toxic to many organisms and are generally considered to be defensive allelochemicals. To date, over 200 alkaloids have been isolated from many Solanum species, all of these possess the C27 cholestane skeleton and have been divided into five structural types; solanidine, spirosolanes, solacongestidine, solanocapsine, and jurbidine. In this regard, the steroidal C27 solasodine type alkaloids are considered as significant target of synthetic derivatives and have been investigated
    [Show full text]
  • Jerusalem Cherry Solanum Pseudocapsicum and Solanum Diflorum
    Jerusalem cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum and Solanum diflorum Family Solanaceae (nightshade) Also known as Madeira winter cherry Where is it originally from? South America What does it look like? Erect, bushy, evergreen shrub (<120+ cm) which is usually hairless or with a few branched hairs on young shoots. Stems are wiry and much branched. Dark green, lance-shaped leaves (3-12 x 1-3 cm) are alternately arranged on the stems and glossy on the top surface. White 5-pointed star shaped flowers (15 mm diameter) with yellow centres (Oct-May) are followed by round, glossy, long-lasting orange Photo: Carolyn Lewis to scarlet berries (15-20 mm diameter) containing seeds (3 mm diameter). Are there any similar species? Jaffa'-like berries distinguish these two species from other plants. Solanum diflorum is uncommon, shorter, has dense hairs on young shoots and new leaves, but is otherwise identical. Why is it weedy? Produces many, well dispersed seeds and forms dense stands in shady spots. Tolerates shade, damage and treading around roots (poisonous, not grazed), wet to moderate dry conditions and hot temperatures but is intolerant of frost, competition for space, high winds, and poor soils. Photo: Carolyn Lewis How does it spread? Seeds are spread by birds and water and soil movement, and in dumped vegetation. Common seed sources include grazed bush remnants, hedgerows, and many other shady places. What damage does it do? Can form dense stands in disturbed (especially grazed) forest and shrubland. Usually succeeded with competition for ground space. Which habitats is it likely to invade? Disturbed forest and shrubland, and shady open habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • 2641-3182 08 Catalogo1 Dicotyledoneae4 Pag2641 ONAG
    2962 - Simaroubaceae Dicotyledoneae Quassia glabra (Engl.) Noot. = Simaba glabra Engl. SIPARUNACEAE Referencias: Pirani, J. R., 1987. Autores: Hausner, G. & Renner, S. S. Quassia praecox (Hassl.) Noot. = Simaba praecox Hassl. Referencias: Pirani, J. R., 1987. 1 género, 1 especie. Quassia trichilioides (A. St.-Hil.) D. Dietr. = Simaba trichilioides A. St.-Hil. Siparuna Aubl. Referencias: Pirani, J. R., 1987. Número de especies: 1 Siparuna guianensis Aubl. Simaba Aubl. Referencias: Renner, S. S. & Hausner, G., 2005. Número de especies: 3, 1 endémica Arbusto o arbolito. Nativa. 0–600 m. Países: PRY(AMA). Simaba glabra Engl. Ejemplares de referencia: PRY[Hassler, E. 11960 (F, G, GH, Sin.: Quassia glabra (Engl.) Noot., Simaba glabra Engl. K, NY)]. subsp. trijuga Hassl., Simaba glabra Engl. var. emarginata Hassl., Simaba glabra Engl. var. inaequilatera Hassl. Referencias: Basualdo, I. Z. & Soria Rey, N., 2002; Fernández Casas, F. J., 1988; Pirani, J. R., 1987, 2002c; SOLANACEAE Sleumer, H. O., 1953b. Arbusto o árbol. Nativa. 0–500 m. Coordinador: Barboza, G. E. Países: ARG(MIS); PRY(AMA, CAA, CON). Autores: Stehmann, J. R. & Semir, J. (Calibrachoa y Ejemplares de referencia: ARG[Molfino, J. F. s.n. (BA)]; Petunia), Matesevach, M., Barboza, G. E., Spooner, PRY[Hassler, E. 10569 (G, LIL, P)]. D. M., Clausen, A. M. & Peralta, I. E. (Solanum sect. Petota), Barboza, G. E., Matesevach, M. & Simaba glabra Engl. var. emarginata Hassl. = Simaba Mentz, L. A. glabra Engl. Referencias: Pirani, J. R., 1987. 41 géneros, 500 especies, 250 especies endémicas, 7 Simaba glabra Engl. var. inaequilatera Hassl. = Simaba especies introducidas. glabra Engl. Referencias: Pirani, J. R., 1987. Acnistus Schott Número de especies: 1 Simaba glabra Engl.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Pepino (Solanum Muricatum Aiton)
    International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-1, Issue-2, July -Aug- 2016] ISSN: 2456-1878 An introduction to Pepino ( Solanum muricatum Aiton): Review S. K. Mahato, S. Gurung, S. Chakravarty, B. Chhetri, T. Khawas Regional Research Station (Hill Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalimpong, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India Abstract — During the past few decades there has been America, Morocco, Spain, Israel and the highlands of renewed interest in pepino cultivation both in the Andean Kenya, as the pepino is considered a crop with potential for region and in several other countries, as the pepino is diversification of horticultural production (Munoz et al, considered a crop with potential for diversification of 2014). In the United States the fruit is known to have been horticultural production. grown in San Diego before 1889 and in Santa Barbara by It a species of evergreen shrub and vegetative propagated 1897 but now a days, several hundred hectares of the fruit by stem cuttings and esteemed for its edible fruit. Fruits are are grown on a small scale in Hawaii and California. The juicy, scented, mild sweet and colour may be white, cream, plant is grown primarily in Chile, New yellow, maroon, or purplish, sometimes with purple stripes Zealand and Western Australia. In Chile, more than 400 at maturity, whilst the shape may be spherical, conical, hectares are planted in the Longotoma Valley with an heart-shaped or horn-shaped. Apart from its attractive increasing proportion of the harvest being exported. morphological features, the pepino fruit has been attributed Recently, the pepino has been common in markets antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile and grown antitumoral activities.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Leaves of Solanum Candidum Lindl., S
    In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Solanum candidum Lindl., S. quitoense Lam. (naranjilla) and S. sessiliflorum Dunal By: ROSE C. HENDRIX1, RICHARD E. LITZ1* and BRUCE K. KIRCHOFF2 Hendrix, R. C., R. E. Litz and B. K. Kirchoff. 1987. In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Solanum candidum Lindl., S. quitoense Lam. (Naranjilla) and S. sessiliflorum Dunal. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 11: 67- 73. Made available courtesy of Springer Verlag. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com ***Note: Figures may be missing from this format of the document Abstract: Adventitious shoots and roots were regenerated from leaf segments of 3 Solanum species: S. candidum Lindl., S. quitoense Lam. and S. sessiliflorum Dunal. Leaf explants differentiated shoots on modified MS medium supplemented with 23-163 μm kinetin and 0-5.7 μm indoleacetic acid (IAA). Excised shoots were induced to form roots by transfer to media with benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.09 and 0.11/2 μM respectively for S. qultoense and 0.01 μm NAA for S. candidum and S. sessiliflorum. Adventitious roots were produced directly from leaf explants with 0-140 μm kinetin and 0-5.7μm IAA in combination. Rooted plants were successfully established in the greenhouse. Key words: naranjilla, organogenesis, Solanum candidum, Solanum qultoense, Solanum sessiliforum, tissue culture Article: INTRODUCTION The naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a large, lignescent perennial that is cultivated for the juice of its fruit in Andean South America and in some Central American countries [13]. Its cultivation is severely limited by climatic requirements and susceptibility to diseases and pests, particularly the rootknot nematode [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Techniques in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say) Control and Resistance Management: History Review and Future Perspectives
    insects Review Modern Techniques in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) Control and Resistance Management: History Review and Future Perspectives Martina Kadoi´cBalaško 1,* , Katarina M. Mikac 2 , Renata Bažok 1 and Darija Lemic 1 1 Department of Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (D.L.) 2 Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-1-239-3654 Received: 8 July 2020; Accepted: 22 August 2020; Published: 1 September 2020 Simple Summary: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is one of the most important potato pest worldwide. It is native to U.S. but during the 20th century it has dispersed through Europe, Asia and western China. It continues to expand in an east and southeast direction. Damages are caused by larvae and adults. Their feeding on potato plant leaves can cause complete defoliation and lead to a large yield loss. After the long period of using only chemical control measures, the emergence of resistance increased and some new and different methods come to the fore. The main focus of this review is on new approaches to the old CPB control problem. We describe the use of Bacillus thuringiensis and RNA interference (RNAi) as possible solutions for the future in CPB management. RNAi has proven successful in controlling many pests and shows great potential for CPB control. Better understanding of the mechanisms that affect efficiency will enable the development of this technology and boost potential of RNAi to become part of integrated plant protection in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Pepino (Solanum Muricatum Ait.): a Potential Future Crop for Subtropics
    ISSN (E): 2349 – 1183 ISSN (P): 2349 – 9265 4(3): 514–517, 2017 DOI: 10.22271/tpr.201 7.v4.i3 .067 Mini review Pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.): A potential future crop for subtropics Ashok Kumar*, Tarun Adak and S. Rajan ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehman Khera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow-226101, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 26 December 2017] Abstract: Pepino (Solanum muricatum) is an Andean region’s crop, originated from South America. The crop has medicinal values and underutilized for its cultivation. It has a wider adaptability across the different locations of Spain, New Zealand, Turkey, Israel, USA, Japan etc. The crop can be grown under diverse soil and climatic conditions in India also. Its fruits are juicy, mild-sweet, sub-acidic and aromatic berry which are rich in antiglycative, antioxidant, dietary fibres and low calorific energy. Fruit is visually attractive with golden yellow colour with purple stripes. The crop was evaluated for its growth and development at ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India (planted in the month of October, 2014). The results of the study exhibited its adaptation to climatic conditions of subtropics with higher yield and acceptable fruit quality. Keywords: Solanum muricatum - Pepino - Subtropic - Adaptation. [Cite as: Kumar A, Adak T & Rajan S (2017) Pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.): A potential future crop for subtropics. Tropical Plant Research 4(3): 514–517] INTRODUCTION Introduced crops have a vital role in the progress of mankind; on any region of the world, many most important crops did not originate there but were new crops at the time of their introduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Filogenia De Lulo, Tomate De Árbol Y Sus Parientes Silvestres 181
    Corpoica Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecu. (2009) 10(2), 180-190 ARTÍCULO CIENTÍfiCO Phylogeny of lulo, tree tomato Filogenia de lulo, tomate de árbol y and their wild relatives sus parientes silvestres Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina1, Luz Stella Barrero2 ABSTRACT RESUMEN Among the Solanaceae family of plants, the Dentro de la familia Solanaceae, el género monofilético monophyletic genus Solanum is the most diverse one. Solanum es el más grande y diverso. Dentro de este género, Among the Solanum genus, S. quitoense Lam. (lulo) S. quitoense Lam. (lulo) y S. betaceum Cav. (tomate de and S. betaceum (tree tomato) represent some of the árbol) representan dos de las especies más importantes most promising species to become premium crops de Solanáceas neotropicales para convertirse en cultivos for local and export markets. S. quitoense and its wild prominentes en mercados locales y de exportación. S. relative S. hirtum belong to the Leptostemomum clade quitoense y su pariente silvestre S. hirtum pertenecen al clado and S. betaceum and its wild relative S. unilobum Leptostemomum del género Solanum, mientras que S. betaceum belong to the Cyphomandra clade of the Solanum genus. y su pariente silvestre S. unilobum pertenecen al clado Previous studies have reported that Leptostemomum Cyphomandra del mismo género. En estudios filogenéticos and Cyphomandra form a sister clade to the Potato clade previos se ha reportado que el clado Leptostemomum y (which groups S. lycopersicum and S. tuberosum among el Cyphomandra podrían formar un clado hermano al de others). An alternative hypothesis explains that these Papa (que agrupa a S. lycopersicum y S. tuberosum entre three clades form a polytomy inside the Solanum genus.
    [Show full text]