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Arthur Maia Baby Gomes a Thousand Heroes and One

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Arthur Maia Baby Gomes a Thousand Heroes and One ARTHUR MAIA BABY GOMES A THOUSAND HEROES AND ONE: The Hero’s Journey in George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire PORTO ALEGRE 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS ÁREA: ESTUDOS DE LITERATURA/ LITERATURAS DE LÍNGUA INGLESA LINHA DE PESQUISA: SOCIEDADE, (INTER)TEXTOS LITERÁRIOS E TRADUÇÃO NAS LITERATURAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS A THOUSAND HEROES AND ONE: The Hero’s Journey in George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire AUTOR: ARTHUR MAIA BABY GOMES ORIENTADORA: SANDRA SIRANGELO MAGGIO Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos de Literatura, Literaturas de Língua Inglesa, apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. PORTO ALEGRE, Novembro de 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL REITOR Carolos Bulhões VICE-REITORA Patrícia Pranke DIRETOR DO INSTITUTO DE LETRAS Sérgio de Moura Menuzzi VICE-DIRETORA DO INSTITUTO DE LETRAS Beatriz Cerisara Gil CHEFE DA BIBLIOTECA DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS E HUMANIDADES Maicke Young de Lima FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ARTHUR MAIA BABY GOMES A THOUSAND HEROES AND ONE: The Hero’s Journey in George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao PPG Letras UFRGS como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Letras pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, 24 de novembro de 2020. Resultado: Aprovado com conceito B BANCA EXAMINADORA: _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Claudio Vescia Zanini Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Demétrio Alves Paz Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Valter Henrique de Castro Fritsch Universidade Federal do Rio Grande _________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Sandra SirangeloMaggio (presidente) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A work of this length is never a product of individual efforts only, it is a result of an entire life of learning from others, professors, friends, family, and many people we do not even rationalize about their contributions. The people who follow are only some of those who brought their knowledge, inputs, and opinions to me. There is more than a bit of each of you in here. Thanks to my closest friends, first and foremost, Amanda, without whose support, both intellectual and emotional, this thesis might not have been finished. As well as Mariana, Buss, Leandra, Vitória, and Isabela, for listening to so much about this during the process, always with interest and smart and comforting things to say. The same amount of gratitude goes to my family, for the unconditional support always, not only respecting my career choices but actively encouraging me to always do my best. Speaking of career, it is safe to say that my change to literary studies was the rightest choice I could have taken. And this work is proof of that. So I would like to thank the many wonderful professors, classmates, researchers, and friends I got to know in these last few years, to whom I own most of the intellectual aspect of it. To professors Claudio, Elaine, and Sandra for introducing me properly to the fields of studies that resulted here, and for making themselves always available and comprehensive. To Eduarda, Fernanda, Gabriela, Rafael, and Rosana, for being amazing classmates and becoming great friends. And to Fabian, who embraced the challenge of sharing a course, which proved to be a success even with all the difficulties posed, thanks to our team effort. I also thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for the 24-months scholarship they granted me. My continuous enthusiasm with A Song of Ice and Fire has been renewed every day, due to the people I met through loving these books. Reading the novels in detail demand frequent debate and I have been lucky to be among the best. My eternal gratitude to my partners in Gelo& Fogo, Rayane, Bini, and Ana, and to my Worldcon mates, Matteo Barbagallo and Javi Marcos. And, of course, to George R. R. Martin, for granting the world the novels that led me this way. “The Horned Lord once said that sorcery is a sword without a hilt. There is no safe way to grasp it.” (George R. R. Martin, A Storm of Swords) RESUMO Este trabalho discute quatro personagens que se apresentam ao longo dos cinco volumes já publicados da série literária A Song of Ice andFire, de George R.R. Martin, à luz do conceito de “Jornada do Herói”, ou “Monomito”, de Joseph Campbell. Este teórico apresenta uma sequência de passos identificados em uma grande variedade de mitos, que éfrequentementeaplicada em análises literárias. O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar o que muda e o que permanece da jornada do herói na obra de Martin, e por quê. Uma peculiaridade de A Song of Ice andFire é que, por conta de sua narrativa com múltiplos enredos, há uma variação do foco narrativo entre muitos personagens, vários dos quais apresentam certas características do herói clássico.Sendo assim, a aplicação do modelo de Campbell funciona em alguns aspectos, porém, não em todos eles. Minha hipótese é que essas discrepâncias se dãodevido a mudanças sociais ocorridas nas quase cinco décadas que separam os trabalhos dos dois autores, que influenciaram a noção sobre o que um herói é, ou deveria ser. Os personagens selecionados para a análise são Eddard Stark, QuentynMartell, Jon Snow e DaenerysTargaryen, pois todos eles se desviam, em diferentes níveis, dos aspectos heroicos clássicos propostos por Campbell.Como suporte teórico, lanço mão da teoria do Monomito de Campbell, que é depois considerada durante a realização das análises. A dissertação é estruturada em três capítulos, cada um dividido em sessões. O primeiro capítulo se presta a contextualizações a respeito de (a) A Jornada do Herói; (b) autor e obra analisados; (c) fantasia imersiva e sua tradição.Os dois capítulos seguintes apresentam a análise dos personagens, que vêm agrupados de acordo com suas semelhanças: (a) Eddard e Quentyn; (b) Jon e Daenerys. Ao final, espero que o trabalho possa contribuir para a fortuna crítica dos estudos a respeito de George R. R. Martin, ao discutir de que formas A Song of Ice andFireacrescenta inovações significativas à fantasia imersiva, esclarecendo porque um gênero baseado em heroísmovem mudando tão drasticamente, questionando a natureza dos heróis. Acredito que esse tipo de investigação nos ajuda a compreender as constantes mudanças éticas e morais que estão se dando na sociedade contemporânea. Palavras-chave: As Crônicas de Gelo e Fogo. George R. R. Martin. Jornada do Herói. CríticaLiterária. ABSTRACT This work discusses four characters presented along the five published books of George R. R. Martin’s series A Song of Ice and Fire, in the light of Joseph Campbell’s concept of “Hero’s Journey”, or “Monomyth”. Campbell presents a sequence of steps identified in a large number of myths, which is frequently applied in literary analyses. The research aims to identify what changes and what remains in Martin’s work concerning the hero’s journey, and why. One peculiarity of A Song of Ice and Fire is that, due to its multiplot-narrative feature, there is a shift of focus among several characters who share heroic classical traits. In consequence, the application of Campbell’s model works well in some respects, but not in others. I hypothesize that the discrepancies occur because the changes in social functions that took place in the almost five decades separating Campbell’s production from Martin’s affected the current notion of what a hero is or should be. The characters selected for analysis are Eddard Stark, Quentyn Martell, Jon Snow, and Daenerys Targaryen, all deviating in different degrees from the classical heroic aspects identified by Campbell. As theoretical support, I present Joseph Campbell’s theory of the Monomyth, which I later consider in the character analyses. The thesis is structured in three chapters, each divided into sections. Chapter One provides relatable contextualization respecting (a) the Hero’s Journey; (b) author and work; (c) Immersive Fantasy and its tradition. Chapters two and three presents the analysis of the characters, who are paired according to their similarities: (a) Eddard and Quentyn; (b) Jon and Daenerys. In the end, I hope this contribution can further the studies about George R. R. Martin and his critical fortune, by checking in what ways A Song of Ice and Fire offers significant innovations to Immersive Fantasy, clarifying why a genre based on heroism is changing so drastically, raising questions about what heroes are. I believe that this sort of investigation helps us to better understand the constant shifts that take place in society’s ethics, morals, and values. Key-words: A Song of Ice and Fire. George R. R. Martin. Hero’s Journey. Literary Criticism. APOIO DE FINANCIAMENTO O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio do CNPq – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil. This thesis was financed in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brazil (CNPq). TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 11 1. HEROES AND FANTASY: AN OVERVIEW ............................................................. 16 1.1. Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey ...........................................................................
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