VOIP IN MOBILE PHONES Abstract Voice over IP (VoIP) is a family of technologies, methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission techniques for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms frequently encountered and often used synonymously with VoIP are IP , Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone. We explain the introduction of VoIP in the year of 2005 and its progress from there on. The meaning of voip and the purpose of VoIP is discussed here. Moreover the technological advancements in the field of VoIP in mobiles has been discussed. The advantages and also the demerits of VoIP has been included .VoIP in mobies has grown drastically and is one of the advanced way of communication at low cost. This is the topic for our presentation “VoIP in mobiles” INTRODUCTION While the emergence of VoIP, or voice-over-Internet protocol, technology has already helped push down the cost of making a phone call, now it’s starting to have a deflationary impact on the world of mobile, where call charges remain stubbornly high. In the meantime, the ongoing adoption of broadband and the inclusion of Wi-Fi in many high-end phones is drawing a growing amount of attention to mobile VoIP services. Indeed, research firm Disruptive Analysis predicts that the number of VoIP-over-3G users will top 250 million by the end of 2012 — from virtually zero in 2007. VoIP systems employ session control protocols to control the set-up and tear-down of calls as well as audio codecs which encode speech allowing transmission over an IP network as digital audio via an audio stream. The choice of codec varies between different implementations of VoIP depending on application requirements and network ; some implementations rely on narrowband andcompressed speech, while others support high fidelity stereo codecs. VoIP is available on many and Internet devices so that users of portable devices that are not phones may place calls or send SMS text messages over 3G or Wi-Fi. Today is the world of mobility. Only thing is that is true mobile is Mobile Phoens. Calling from mobile phonesare much expencive. Cheapest calling method is pc to pc calling. It wont cost anything because it VoIP. In this semianr we look into implementing VoIP in mobile phones. The diffrent network like GPRS/EDGE, , WiFi etc are common in . We look into each and advanteages and disadvantages of each.

HISTORY 2005 Early experiments proved that VoIP was practical and could be routed by Asterisk even on low end routers like the Linksys WRT54G. suggesting a mesh network (e.g. WDS) composed of such cheap devices could similarly support mobile VoIP phones. These experiments, and others for IP roaming such as Sputnik, were the beginning of the protocol suite including IEEE 802.21and IEEE 802.11u. At this time, most mobile operators attempted to restrict IP and VoIP use on their networks, often by deliberately introducing high latency into data communications making it useless for voice traffic. 2006 In the summer of 2006, a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) stack was introduced and a VoIP client in E-series dual-mode Wi-Fi handsets (, , ). The SIP stack and client have since been introduced in many more E and N-series dual- mode Wi-Fi handsets, most notably the which has been very popular in Europe. Various services use these handsets. 2008 In spring 2008 Nokia introduced a built in VoIP client to the mass market device (Nokia 6300i) running operating system. Since then other dualmode WiFi capable Series40 handsets have been equipped with integrated VoIP (Nokia 6260 Slide, Nokia X3-02, Nokia C3-01, Nokia Asha 303...). Nokia maintains a list of all phones that have an integrated VoIP client in Forum Nokia. Aircell's battle with some companies allowing VoIP calls on flights is another example of the growing conflict of interest between incumbent operators and new VoIP operators.

2009 By January 2009 OpenWRT was capable of supporting mobile VoIP applications via Asterisk running on a USB stick. As OpenWRT runs on most WiFi routers, this radically expanded the potential reach of mobile VoIP applications. Users reported acceptable results using G.729 codecs and connections to a "main NAT/Firewall router with a NAT=yes and canreinvite=no.. As such, my will stay in the audio path and can't redirect the RTP media stream (audio) to go directly from the caller to the callee." Minor problems were also reported: "Whenever there is an I/O activities ... i.e. reading the Flash space (mtdblockd process), this will create some hick-ups (or temporarily losing audio signals)." The combination of OpenWRT and Asterisk is intended as an open source replacement for proprietary PBXes. The company xG Technology, Inc. had a mobile VoIP and data system operating in the license- ISM 900 MHz band (902 MHz – 928 MHz). xMax is an end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) system infrastructure that is currently deployed in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 2011 The mainstreaming of VoIP in the small business market led to the introduction of more devices extending VoIP to business cordless users. introduced the KX-TGP base station supporting up to 6 cordless handsets [5], essentially a VoIP complement to its popular KX-TGA analog phones which likewise support up to 4 cordless handsets. However, unlike the analog system which supports only four handsets in one "conference" on one line, the TGP supports 3 simultaneous network conversations and up to 8 SIP registrations (e.g. up to 8 DID lines or extensions), as well as an pass-through port to hook up computers on the same drop. In its publicity Panasonic specifically mentions Digium (founded by the creator of Asterisk), its product Switchvox and Asterisk itself. Several router manufacturers including TRENDnet and Netgear released sub-$300 switches aimed at the VoIP market. Unlike industry standard switches that provided the full 30 watts of power per port, these allowed under 50 watts of power to all four PoE ports combined. This made them entirely suitable for VoIP and other low-power use (Motorola Canopy or security cameraor WiFi APs) typical of a SOHO application, or supporting an 8-line PBX, especially in combination with a multi-line handset such as the Panasonic KX-TGP (which does not require a powered port). Accordingly, by the end of 2011, for under US$3000 it was possible to build an office VoIP system based entirely on cordless technology capable of several hundred meters reach and on power-over-ethernet dedicated wired phones, with up to 8 DID lines and 3 simultaneous conversations per base station, with 24 handsets each capable of communicating on any subset of the 8 lines, plus an unlimited number of running on computers and laptops and smartphones. This compared favourably to proprietary PBX technology especially as VoIP cordless was far cheaper than PBX cordless. Cisco also released the SPA112, an Analog Adapter (ATA) to connect one or two standard RJ-11 to an Ethernet, in November 2011, retailing for under US$50. This was a competitive response to major cordless vendors such as Panasonic moving into the business VoIP cordless market Cisco had long dominated, as it suppressed the market for the cordless makers' native VoIP phones and permitted Cisco to argue the business case to spend more on switches and less on terminal devices. However, this solution would not permit the analog phones to access every line of a multi-line PBX, only one hardwired line per phone. As of late 2011, most cellular data networks were still extremely high latency and effectively useless for VoIP. IP-only providers such as Voipstream had begun to serve urban areas, and alternative approaches such as OpenBTS (open source GSM) were competing with mobile VoIP What is voip? Voice over IP (VoIP) is a family of technologies, methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission techniques for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms frequently encountered and often used synonymously with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone. VoIP Basics

Now let's talk about the requirements. To make a VoIP call you will need the following:

• Internet network VoIP works with any type of Internet access such as Dial-up, DSL/Cable broadband, Dedicated, Wi-FI and WiMax networks.

Tip a single line requires 18.3 Kbps download and upload speed. You can check how fast your Internet is with VoIP speed test tool. The faster connection you have the better voice quality you enjoy.

• A VoIP or hardware o VoIP Soft-Phone - a dialer software that you download on your computer or laptop. Whenever you want to make Pc-to-Pc or Pc-to-Phone calls you got to have a software application. The above first and second diagrams show you running a soft-phone application on desktop computer. o Hard Phone - Examples of hard phones are ATA, Gateway, IP-Phone, VoIP routers and many others types. Check VoIP devices article for more details. • VoIP Phone Service Provider :

VoIP provider is also known as ITSP (Internet Telephony Service Provider and Internet phone company. There are small, medium and carrier sized providers. Majority of them will provide the following VoIP services:

o Internet to phone- we already mentioned this above. You can also read Pc- to-phone calls article to understand more. o Device-to-Phone call- again look at the above third diagram. o Phone-to-Phone- you don't need a computer or Internet with this type of service. For instance, calling card and call-back. o - with the use of IP video phone you can have live face-to- face communication. o IP-PBX (Private Branch Exchange)- VoIP based telephone system for businesses similar to traditional PBX (extension). o UC- which stands for Unified Communication, this is the latest technology that unifies all your communications into single platform like data, voice and video. For example, email, voice-mail, , Instant Messaging and conference. TECHNOLOGIES

Mobile VoIP, like all VoIP, relies on SIP — the standard used by most VoIP services, and now being implemented on mobile handsets and smartphones and an increasing number of cordless phones. UMA — the Unlicensed Mobile Access allows VoIP to run over the GSM cellular backbone. When moving between IP-based networks, as is typically the case for outdoor applications, two other protocols are required:

. IEEE 802.21 handoff, permitting one network to do and initial traffic, handing off to another when the first is about to fall out of range - the underlying network need not be IP-based, but typically the IP stream is guaranteed a certain (QoS) during the handoff process . IEEE 802.11u call initiation when the initial contact with a network is not one that the user has subscribed to or been in contact with before.

For indoor or campus (cordless phone equivalent) use, the IEEE P1905 protocol establishes QoS guarantees for home area networks: WiFi, Bluetooth, 3G, and wired backbones using AC powerline networking/HomePlug/IEEE P1901, Ethernet and Power over Ethernet/IEEE 802.3af/IEEE 802.3at, MoCA and G.hn. In combination with IEEE 802.21, P1905 permits a call to be initiated on a wired phone and transferred to a one and then resumed on a wired one, perhaps with additional capabilities such as videoconferencing in another room. In this case the use of mobile VoIP enables a continuous conversation that originates, and ends with, a wired terminal device. An older technology, PCS base station handoff, specifies equivalent capabilities for cordless phones based on 800, 900, 2.4, 5.8 and DECT. While these capabilities were not widely implemented, they did provide the functional specification for handoff for modern IP-based telephony. A phone can in theory offer both PCS cordless and mobile VoIP and permit calls to be handed off from traditional cordless to cell and back to cordless if both the PCS and UMA/SIP/IEEE standards suites are implemented. Some specialized long distance cordless vendors like Senao attempted this but it has not generally caught on. A more popular approach has been full-spectrum handsets that can communicate with any including mobile VoIP, DECT and networks, but which have limited handoff capabilities between networks. The intent of IEEE 802.21 and IEEE 802.11u is that they be added to such phones running iPhone, QNX, Android or other operating systems, yielding a phone that is capable of communicating with literally any digital network and maintaining a continuous call at high reliability at a low access cost. Most VoIP vendors implement proprietary technologies that permit such handoff between equipment of their own manufacture, e.g. the Viera system from Panasonic. Typically providing mobility costs more, e.g. the Panasonic VoIP cordless phone system (KX-TGP) costs approximately three times more than its popular DECT PSTN equivalent (KX-TGA). Some companies, including Cisco, offer adapters for analog/DECT phones as alternatives to their expensive cordless.

IMPLE MENTATION IN MOBILES VoIP (Voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids the tolls charged by ordinary telephone service.

If VoIP means nothing to you prepare to be amazed, it will change the way to talk to one another, whether it be on the other side of the world or your friend two doors down.

VOIP is a way of taking our current method of talking (Analog Audio Signals) and adapting them to become Digital Data that can be transmitted over the internet.

VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network To start calling all you need is some of the free VOIP software, a phone or even a and speaker.

With such a great threat to the current phone company’s future most providers like NTL are already setting up VoIP.

This technology has the power to change how the world will talk forever; VoIP companies such as have already had the ball rolling for quite a while and are growing more rapidly than ever. There is more ways fast growing to place a VoIP call, the methods currently in place are.

• Computer-to-computer – The most recognized simplest way to make a call all that’s required is an internet connection, speakers, microphone and a sound card, there is no long distance call cost, so every call placed to another PC is 100% free apart from the cost of your normal internet connection • ATA (Analog telephone adaptor), this device is pretty much self explanatory it simply plugs into your existing home phone, your computer and theinternet connection. This acts as an analog-to-digital converter, the phone is then ready to make calls using VoIP technology.

• IP Phones – Look identical to a normal phone but instead of connecting to your normal phone box on the wall, they connect into a router using an RJ-45 Ethernet connector, this then becomes a fully operational phone with all software onboard.

Bluetooth also plays a big part in the VoIP phone world, You can buy yourself a bluetooth headset which you can plug into your laptop put in the case, then anywhere you can get wireless from your laptop if you get a call it will go through to your headset or even a bluetooth .

So if that has to convinced you try this, contact a friend and get them to download Skype, you also download Skype and begin testing between each other to get an idea of how it works.

The Forrester Research Group predicts that nearly 5 million U.S. households will have VoIP phone service by the end of 2006.

Anywhere you have a broadband connection you have potential for VoIP, you can bring your phone to the other side of the world plug it into a PC with internet and you have bought your home telephone number 10,000 miles. So you can still be contacted no matter where you are as long as you have the essentials needed for VoIP. How VoIP Mobile Phones Work?

Wireless VoIP however does not require a Computer, it works in basically the same way with the exception of the computer, every time you go in McDonalds do you see this

WIFI HOTSPOT

With this free WiFi you can connect to VoIP, opening opportunity for a VOIP Mobile Phone or as some put it VoFi mobile.

Most of the VoIP companies are providing features that normal phone companies charge extra for. VoIP Providers include:

• Call transfer • Caller ID • Three-way calling • Repeat dial • Return call • Call waiting

With the Caller ID function you can also set certain callers preferences like:

• Forward the call to a particular number • Send the call directly to voicemail • Give the caller a busy signal • Play a "not-in-service" message • Send the caller to a funny rejection hotline

This page will help you understand how VOIP works. The concept is very simple to grasp...When we place a phone call using VoIP our voice signals are converted to digital packets. These packets travel over the Internet and convert back to voice signals at destination (the person you called).

Network professionals call the above voice packetizing process encapsulation. That all happen at a twinkling of an eye speed - we don't even realize it

Since their first appearance in the mid-1990s, VoIP telephone systems have significantly changed business communications. With the widespread availability of wireless and 3G and most recently 4G networks, VoIP is now frequently used on mobile phones to support mobile workforces and allow businesses to effectively control call cases. Here, we look at some of the advantages mobile VoIP can bring to your business.

IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

As of today, South Africans can use the internet to make local and international calls. This is the first step in the deregulation of the South African telecoms industry, until now a monopoly of state company Telkom.

The deregulation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephony is set to change the way in which many South African companies do business. This is according to a report compiled by technology researchers World Wide Worx.

VoIP is the use of the internet for the transmission of telephone calls. In this way, the use of a public switched telephone network is avoided. In South Africa - until 1 February 2005 - Telkom had a monopoly over this network.

VoIP can be conducted through a standard internet-enabled PC with a microphone and speakers. There is no additional cost to a VoIP call, above the cost of the internet connection. This means that in most cases, VoIP calls are effectively free. Until now the use of VoIP has only been legal within company networks. The much- anticipated deregulation of the industry, announced in September 2004 by Communications Minister Ivy Matsepe-Cassaburri, allows the use of VoIP for all calls.

The minister announced a number of liberalisation measures "designed to further accelerate growth in the [information and communication technology] sector" and "reduce the cost of telecommunications".

In the survey, conducted by World Wide Worx, over half the organisations polled planned to adopt VoIP technology in 2005, over the 30% that already use it. It is estimated that almost 80% of South African corporations will be using the technology by the end of 2005.

Surprisingly, Telkom would seem to be a major winner in the industry's deregulation. The fixed-line monopoly holder was named as the second most commonly named preferred provider of VoIP services.

"Mobile networks will probably be the biggest beneficiaries of all, but in a more subtle and long-term context" says report co-author and telecommunications analyst John Joslin.

Arthur Goldstuck, MD of World Wide Worx and the other author of the report, said they had interviewed "technical decision-makers at 100 South African corporations about their adoption and expectations of Voice over IP and least-cost routing - one of the key application areas for VoIP". ADVANTAGES 1. Reduce Call Costs Mobile VoIP expands the call cost advantages of VoIP business phone systems to mobile or geographically dispersed workforces. Depending on your provider and package, staff can make calls from their mobile phone as if they were sitting at their workstations, without incurring excess mobile charges. This feature can present very large savings for businesses with a high volume of calls between staff and office branches or headquarters. Calls between the office and staff mobile phones may even be completely free if both sides are integrated into the network. In this way, intra-company communication costs can be significantly reduced.

2. Access VoIP Features and Boost Mobility Integrating mobile phones into the organisation’s existing VoIP network can allow mobile staff members to access VoIP features. These may include:

• Voice mail; • Call forwarding; • Caller ID; • Scalability or ability to add large numbers of new users at minimal costs; • Local landline dial-in numbers to reduce call costs for clients; • Global remote access and location independence; • Three way (or more) conference calls; • Call recording; • Detail usage reports; and • Integration with other software and hardware programs. These can facilitate customer relations or allow you to share data much more quickly. Access to a full range of VoIP features on the road can ensure that staff are given all the tools for optimising productivity.

3. Extend Call Management Features to the Mobile Workforce Rather than having separate services for office and staff mobile devices, integrating VoIP on your mobile device enhances mobility and productivity on the road. Reliance on mobile phones can mean that clients, the mobile staff member, and the organisation are paying more to make calls.

Mobile VoIP not only allows you to reduce or eliminate these costs, it means employees can take their individual business extensions on the road. This can provide benefits by facilitating call monitoring requirements and allowing reception to track current calls to better divert incoming calls.

4. Access VoIP on Any Wireless Network Your mobile account is tied to your carrier network. For those travelling overseas or outside the serviceable area of the network, this can mean limited or very expensive access when making calls.

Mobile VoIP is compatible with any type of wireless network. These may include a wireless network at your office, or home WiFi, network, or any wireless telephone network. Mobile VoIP can be programmed to switch between different wireless networks where required.

5. Broad Device Compatibility Another benefit of mobile VoIP is the fact that it works on different types of devices. You can use any smartphone such as android phones or . You may also access mobile VoIP on an iPad, and of course, your notebook computer, netbook, or desktop PC

DISADVANTAGES

1.Probability- You can use VoIP Everywhere without a Mobile Devices

There it is – the first major disadvantage of VoIP calling!

Using the VoIP technology to make cheap calls to others is great, but it also has a major disadvantage in term of its lack of portability. In its most basic form, you need to have access to quality internet service before using the VoIP service and that is only possible with a computer. I know you might talk about there being quality mobile phones these days with support for high speed internet, but the point still remains that you have to get a mobile phone, and you also have to pay for mobile internet. Why not forget VoIP and stick to your mobile ISP instead?

2.Limited in some respect

Another major disadvantage to using VoIP over a mobile phone is that it is limited in its scope. In my own opinion, I think a quality mobile service is just more than making calls, and VoIP makes that impossible. With VoIP, you can only make calls to other people and probably receive calls to your VoIP number, but you can’t receive messages, you can hardly maintain a phonebook and it isn’t as instant or responsive as a mobile calling system.

Don’t get me wrong, if you are someone who spends the whole day in front of your computer then VoIP is great, but if you’re someone who does a great deal of mobile activities and who is always travelling and on the go then going with a standard mobile ISP might be your best bet.

3.You can’t call emergency support

The final reason I think you shouldn’t ditch your mobile phone for a VoIP service, yet, is that it doesn’t have support for emergency services. What this means is that you can’t call 911 or any other emergency hotline that a standard ISP subscription will provide you by using VoIP. While I believe this shouldn’t be, it is still an aspect of VoIP that needs to be fixed, and until then, I think you should be really careful with how you use it.

While using VoIP can be really cool, I think it will be a better idea to consider my points above before deciding to give VoIP a try. CONCLUSION:

VoIP-enabled cell phones will soon be ready for action Imagine driving to work, receiving a call on your cell phone from a client, and then continuing that call on the corporate Wi-Fi network as you walk into the front office. all without any interruption to your call-in- progress The cell network will just "hand off" the call to your Wi-Fi network. This sort of technology exists today, and will be a commonplace feature of corporate phone systems in years to come.

References : References Gartner, 2008, “Hype Cycle for Web and User Interaction Technologies 2008” Wikipedia, 2008, [online accessed 11 September 2008] Tech-faq.com, “What is VoIP”, [online http://www.tech-faq.com/what-is-voip.shtml , accessed 13 September 2008] Hiles, B., 2005, “SA corporates to leap into VoIP”, [online http://www.southafrica.info/business/trends/newbusiness/voip-deregulation.htm , accessed 13 September 2008]

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