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Sinusoidal Growth, Recruitment, Mortality, Yield-Per-Recruit Analysis of Buried Fan Scallop Mimachlamys Funebris (Reeve, 1853) and Their Implications for Mariculture

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Sinusoidal Growth, Recruitment, Mortality, Yield-Per-Recruit Analysis of Buried Fan Scallop Mimachlamys Funebris (Reeve, 1853) and Their Implications for Mariculture Journal of Fisheries eISSN 2311-3111 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 828–836 August 2020 pISSN 2311-729X Peer Reviewed | Open Access | Online First Original Article Sinusoidal growth, recruitment, mortality, yield-per-recruit analysis of Buried fan scallop Mimachlamys funebris (Reeve, 1853) and their implications for mariculture Ian Cris R. Buban Christian D. Cabiles Renan U. Bobiles Alex P. Camaya Victor S. Soliman Coastal Resource Management Section, Bicol University Tabaco Campus, 4511 Tabaco City, Philippines Correspondence Victor S. Soliman; Coastal Resource Management Section, Bicol University Tabaco Campus, 4511 Tabaco City, Philippines. [email protected] Manuscript history Received 2 March 2020 | Revised 6 June 2020 | Accepted 7 June 2020 | Published online 24 July 2020 Citation Buban ICR, Cabiles CD, Bobiles RU, Camaya AP, Soliman VS (2020) Sinusoidal growth, recruitment, mortality, yield-per-recruit analysis of Buried fan scallop Mimachlamys funebris (Reeve, 1853) and their implications for mariculture. Journal of Fisheries 8(2): 828–836. Abstract This study described the growth, mortality, recruitment pattern and exploitation rate of the Buried fan scallop (Mimachlamys funebris) in Asid Gulf, Philippines. Monthly length-frequency data (N=3988) from April 2018 to March 2019 were used to examine population parameters using FISAT II. Two estimates of natural mortalities were used to compare variability of limit exploitation rates. Modelling through the oscillating von Bertalanffy –1 growth function revealed that the species is fast growing (K=1.1 year ) attaining SH∞ of 10.5 cm. Adequacy in the use of the sinusoidal version of the growth formula hinges on the mean annual temperature difference reported in the gulf to be 2°C. Recruitment pattern was continuous and bimodal throughout the year with two high pulses in April–May and September consistent with the reproductive seasonality reported for congeneric species. Fishing mortality coefficients (4.26 and 4.82 year–1) were higher than the natural mortality coefficients (0.543 and 1.1 year–1). Yield and biomass-per-recruit analysis showed that the current exploitation rates are 112% (Ecurr1 = 0.90) and 92% (Ecurr2 = 0.80) higher than the biological reference points adopted for the study particularly E50. These results demonstrate that M. funebris stock is overexploited, which necessitates effective management measures including mariculture. Keywords: Length-frequency analysis; population parameters; stock assessment; sustainable management. 1 | INTRODUCTION ploited include Argopecten purpuratus in Peru (Stotz and The scallops, family Pectinidae, constitute one of the Gonzales 1997), A. ventricosus in Panama (Medina et al. most economically important commercial bivalve re- 2007) and Euvola ziczac in Brazil (Pezzuto and Borzone sources worldwide that support both commercial fisher- 2004). In the Philippines, the species Amusium pleu- ies and mariculture efforts (Shumway and Parsons 2016). ronectes (Linnaeus 1758) were heavily exploited in the The commercial fisheries for pectinids have led to over- Visayan Sea (Gabral-Llana 1988) and in Lingayen Gulf (Del exploitation of some species especially in areas where Norte 1988). resource management systems are not properly imple- Currently, Asid Gulf, located in southern Luzon in the mented or lacking. Notable species reportedly overex- province of Masbate, is one of the commercially major BdFISH Publication | journal.bdfish.org | © Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 License 828 Stock assessment of Mimachlamys funebris J Fish 8(2): 828–836, Aug 2020; Buban et al. scallop fishing grounds in the Philippines Island. Multiple represent a trade-off between resource utilisation and species of scallops are being harvested in the gulf of the resources’ life history traits and productivity (Smith which at least five species are considered true scallops and Rago 2004). Information generated on the species (Pectinids) and are harvested at commercial scales (Soli- such as growth, recruitment and fishing mortality rates man and Dioneda 2004). The reported production of are necessary inputs for yield prediction which are basis 11000 MT of whole scallops in 2003 (Soliman and Di- to decisions on resource management. Furthermore, scal- oneda 2004) is higher than any annual yield of scallops lop mariculture requires data on proper timing for spat reported for the period 1997 – 2014 in the Philippines collection that can be indicated by the information from (Bobiles and Soliman 2018). The Buried fan scallop the temporal recruitment pattern of the species. Mimachlamys funebris (Reeve, 1853) constituted a con- 2 | METHODOLOGY siderable portion of this production (39%). Ironically, this high production is a result of unregulated harvesting that 2.1 Description of the scallop fishery and the study area ultimately led to the decline of the scallop stock in the Asid Gulf is located in Bicol region, south of mainland gulf (Soliman and Dioneda 2004; Bobiles and Soliman Masbate province, Philippines (Figure 1). The southern 2018). The situation is attributed to the open access char- coast is composed of five municipalities bordering the acteristic of the fishery where the only limitation for har- gulf viz Balud, Milagros, Cawayan, Placer and Esperanza. It vesting the scallops is the capacity of the boat and ad- is one of the major fishing grounds for finfishes and inver- verse weather conditions. The only exception is the mu- tebrates in the country. Scallops (Pectinids) are particular- nicipality of Cawayan where closed season for scallops ly harvested in this fishing ground in commercial quanti- harvesting from December to March in Municipal waters ties. Scallop divers are mostly concentrated in the Munic- has been implemented since 2011 with the passage of a ipality of Cawayan specifically in Naro Island. Harvesting local ordinance. of scallops in the gulf makes use of a boat equipped with Soliman and Dioneda (2004) conducted an assessment of an air compressor that supplies the air requirement of the the buried fan scallop based on length-frequency analysis diver through plastic hose attached to the mouth of the using quick stock assessment techniques. After four years diver as a breathing device (generally referred to as (in 2007), a follow-up scallop stock monitoring was con- “hookah diving”). Using this method, the divers literally ducted by Bobiles and Soliman (2018). However, these pick the scallops in the seabed. Harvested scallops are studies were based on a single estimate of natural mortal- then transported to Naro Island where the pre-processing ity (M) computed as the average of M from published of the scallop’s adductor muscles commences at around literature. Direct estimate of M can only be obtained from late in the afternoon until the evening. The muscles are a completely unfished stock (Pauly 1980) whereas con- sold direct to local buyers in the area who sell the pre- temporary effort data for the species are not available, processed muscles to Iloilo and Cebu for foreign markets. thus estimating the value of M is very difficult. In order to ensure that a reliable M of the Buried fan scallop was covered in the analysis, the present study considered dif- ferent estimates of M. The first M estimate is based on the previous studies (i.e. Soliman and Dioneda 2004; Bobiles and Soliman 2018) and the other estimate as- sumed M = K (growth coefficient). The second estimate was grounded on the close relationship between the nat- ural mortality and the growth constant (Pauly 1980) in the von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF). The VBGF for M. funebris depicts an oscillating pattern, hence, the use of the sinusoidal VBGF form. Suitability on the use of the oscillating VBGF substantiates the idea that even for tropical species, detectable seasonal growth oscillation can be induced by seasonal temperature differences as small as 2°C (Pauly 1990). The present study hinges on the necessity to provide up- to-date information on the current exploitation rate and the biological reference points (BRPs) for exploitation of FIGURE 1 Map of the study area (Philippine map inset) show- the resource as vital inputs for rational management ap- ing Asid Gulf and Naro Island as the collection site for proaches and mariculture efforts. The BRPs will be used Mimachlamys funebris; locations of scallop diving sites are to set target limits for exploitation of the species. BRPs approximated (hatched polygon). BdFISH Publication | journal.bdfish.org | © Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 License 829 Stock assessment of Mimachlamys funebris J Fish 8(2): 828–836, Aug 2020; Buban et al. 2.2 Data collection Ø = 2 log10 L∞ + log10 K (Pauly and David 1981) Representative monthly sample specimens (n > 300) of M. Longevity was computed using the rearranged oscillating funebris were randomly collected from April 2018 to VBGF formula for relative age (t) at maximum observed March 2019. These specimens (N = 3988) were obtained shell height (SHmax). The normal distribution of the from the commercial landings of scallop in three Baran- monthly length frequency data was initially determined gays namely Punta Batsan, Looc and Talisay of Naro Is- using Bhattacharya’s method and further refined using land, Cawayan, Masbate following the procedures of So- NORMSEP (Pauly and Caddy 1985). Using the recruitment liman and Dioneda (2004). The scallops were cleaned and analysis routine, the temporal pattern was obtained by measured right after collection. Shell height (SH; maxi- projecting the
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