Multiscale Physical and Biological Dynamics in the Philippine Archipelago Predictions and Processes a 12°30’N

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Multiscale Physical and Biological Dynamics in the Philippine Archipelago Predictions and Processes a 12°30’N PHILIppINE STRAITS DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT Multiscale Physical and Biological Dynamics in the Philippine Archipelago Predictions and Processes a 12°30’N b 15°N 28.5 12°00’N 28.2 27.9 14°N 27.6 27.3 11°30’N 27.0 13°N 26.7 26.4 28.5 26.1 11°00’N 12°N 28.2 25.8 27.9 120°00’E 120°30’E 121°00’E 121°30’E 122°00’E 27.6 11°N 27.3 c 29.7 20°N 27.0 29.0 26.7 28.3 10°N 26.4 27.6 26.1 25.8 26.9 26.2 118°E 119°E 120°E 121°E 122°E 123°E 124°E 25.5 15°N BY PIERRE F.J. LERMUSIAUX, 24.8 PATRICK J. HALEY JR., 24.0 WAYNE G. LESLIE, 23.4 ARPIT AgARWAL, OLEG G. LogUTov, AND LISA J. BURTon d 28 10°N -50 26 24 -100 22 -150 20 -1 18 40 cm s -200 16 5°N 14 -250 06Feb 11Feb 16Feb 21Feb 26Feb 03Mar 70 Oceanography | Vol.24, No.1 115°E 120°E 125°E 130°E ABSTRACT. The Philippine Archipelago is remarkable because of its complex of which are known to be among the geometry, with multiple islands and passages, and its multiscale dynamics, from the strongest in the world (e.g., Apel et al., large-scale open-ocean and atmospheric forcing, to the strong tides and internal 1985). The purpose of the present study waves in narrow straits and at steep shelfbreaks. We employ our multiresolution is to describe and reveal such regional modeling system to predict and study multiscale dynamics in the region, without ocean features as estimated by a multi- the use of any synoptic in situ data, so as to evaluate modeling capabilities when resolution, tidally driven ocean model only sparse remotely sensed sea surface height is available for assimilation. We focus for the February and March 2009 period, on the February to March 2009 period, compare our simulation results to ocean without any in situ data assimilation. observations, and utilize our simulations to quantify and discover oceanic features in Our ocean science focus is on biogeo- the region. The findings include: the physical drivers for the biogeochemical features; chemical fields and circulation features, the diverse circulation features in each sub-sea and their variations on multiple scales; transport balances for the Sulu Sea and the flow fields within the major straits and their variability; the transports to and from flow fields in the corresponding straits, the Sulu Sea and the corresponding balances; and finally, the multiscale mechanisms and, finally, formation mechanisms for involved in the formation of the deep Sulu Sea water. the deep Sulu Sea water. The goals of the Philippine Straits InTRODUCTION surface and subsurface water masses are Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx; Gordon, The Philippine Archipelago is a advected to the archipelago, where they 2009; Lermusiaux et al., 2009; Gordon fascinating multiscale ocean region. interact and every so often mix to form et al., 2011) were to enhance our Its geometry is very complex, with new water properties. Due to Earth’s understanding of physical and biogeo- multiple straits, islands, steep shelf- rotation, and the ocean’s stratification chemical processes and features arising breaks, and coastal features, leading and complex bathymetry, mesoscale in and around straits, and to improve to partially interconnected seas and features are created, often with spatially our capability to predict the spatial and basins (Figure 1). At depth, bathymetric inhomogeneous Rossby radii of defor- temporal variability of these regions. barriers form the boundaries of a mation. The surface atmospheric fluxes A specific objective of the modeling number of semi-enclosed seas. On the are also multiscale, including interannual research was to evaluate the capability of east, the western Pacific, including the variations, monsoon regimes, weather tuned modeling systems to estimate the North Equatorial Current, Kuroshio, events, and topographic wind jets (May circulation features and processes using and Mindanao Current dynamically et al., 2011; Pullen et al., 2011). Bottom only historical data sets for initializa- force these multiply connected domains. forcing also occurs, for example, in deep tion and only remotely sensed data for On the north-northwest, they are waters that are known to be affected by assimilation, for example, satellite sea forced by the South China Sea and its hydrothermal vents (e.g., Gamo et al., surface temperature (SST), height (SSH), coastal currents, eddies, and jets. The 2007). Finally, and as importantly, baro- and color (SSC). The applied motivation interactions of these forcings at lateral tropic tides, often out of phase in the of this approach is to simulate the very boundaries with complex geometry different basins (Logutov, 2008), strongly frequent operational situation where no drive abundant flow features with varied affect flows, especially in shallower synoptic in situ data can be collected, temporal and spatial scales (Broecker regions and straits. Due to the area’s and remotely sensed data are the only et al., 1986; Metzger and Hurlburt, 1996; variable stratification, rotation, and steep synoptic information available. The Gordon et al., 2011) and multiple feed- topographies, they drive a wealth of scientific motivation is to evaluate the backs to the lateral forcing seas. Several internal tides, waves, and solitons, some intrinsic capabilities of models, specifi- cally to determine if some dynamics Opposite page. MIT Multidisciplinary Simulation, Estimation, and Assimilation System (MSEAS) esti- can be simulated without using any mates of: (a-c) 25-m temperature at 0430Z on February 17, 2009 from three implicit two-way nested synoptic in situ data. simulations at 1-km, 3-km, and 9-km resolutions, and (d) a time series of temperature profiles at the Sulu Sea entrance to Sibutu Passage. Features are simulated at multiple scales, including the North For our PhilEx simulations, we Equatorial Current, mesoscale eddies, jets, filaments, and internal tides and waves. employ the MIT Multidisciplinary Oceanography | March 2011 71 a Figure 1. Spherical-grid Simulation, Estimation, and Assimilation domains in a telescoping System (MSEAS Group, 2010). It zoom configuration for our multiscale simulations in includes a free-surface hydrostatic the Philippine Archipelago primitive-equation physical ocean model overlaid on our estimate of bathymetry (in m, same developed for multiscale dynamics, color bar for all panels). resolving very shallow regions with Our bathymetry combines strong tides, steep bathymetries, and V12.1 (2009) of the Smith and Sandwell (1997) the deep ocean. The system is capable topography with hydro- of multiresolution simulations over graphic and bathymetric complex geometries with implicit ship data. (a) Archipelago 9-km-resolution domain schemes for telescoping nesting (Haley with nested Mindoro (3 km) and Lermusiaux, 2010) and has an and Mindanao (3 km) option for stochastic subgrid-scale domains. (b) Mindoro Strait 3-km and 1-km domains. representations (Lermusiaux, 2006). The (c) Mindanao/Surigao Strait physical model is coupled to multiple 3-km and 1-km domains. b Straits and local features biological models (Besiktepe et al., are identified by one or 2003; Tian et al., 2004) and acoustic two-letter abbreviations. models (Lam et al., 2009; Lermusiaux Alphabetically these are: B – Balabac Strait et al., 2010). The ocean physics is Cw – Cuyo West Passage forced with high-resolution barotropic D – Dipolog (Mindanao) tides, estimated using nested coastal Strait IB – Illigan Bay inversions (Logutov and Lermusiaux, M – Mindoro Strait 2008). Due to the complex multicon- P – Panay Sill nected sea domains, all ocean fields SB – San Bernardino Strait Si – Sibutu Passage are initialized here with new objective Su – Surigao Strait mapping schemes developed specifi- T – Tablas Strait V – Verde Island Passage cally for PhilEx, using fast marching Ta – Tapiantana Strait methods (Agarwal, 2009; Agarwal and Z – Zamboanga Strait Lermusiaux, 2010). SST is only used in the initial conditions. There is no c in situ data assimilation (Lermusiaux, 1999, 2002, 2007; Lermusiaux et al., 2000); the only synoptic data used are the sparse satellite SSH observations, providing weak corrections every four days to a week. During the two-month Intensive Observational Period of February to March 2009 (IOP-09), the MSEAS system was employed in real time, issuing daily physical-biological fore- casts. Dynamical descriptions and adaptive sampling guidance were also provided every three to four days 72 Oceanography | Vol.24, No.1 (Lermusiaux et al., 2009). Fields were focusing on their most novel compo- tidal forcing, parameterizations for compared to data sets from ships and nents: biogeochemical ocean predictions river input and subgrid-scale processes, gliders when available. with region-specific biological state feature models (Gangopadhyay et al., The present work is partly inspired initializations and multiresolution tidal 2003), and a suite of coupled biological by our experience in coastal regions predictions. We then describe a subset (NPZ) models. In the present IOP-09 with complex geometries (Haley and of our re-analysis modeling results and multiresolution simulations, we use the Lermusiaux, 2010), especially with steep compare them to ocean observations. two-way nesting scheme fully implicit shelfbreaks and straits such as the Sicily We report the major circulation features in space and time (i.e., such that within Strait (Lermusiaux, 1999; Lermusiaux estimated and discuss our estimates each time step, updated field values and Robinson, 2001), Massachusetts Bay of transports to and from the Sulu Sea are exchanged across scales and nested and Stellwagen Bank (Besiktepe et al., as well as the flow fields in the corre- domains as soon as they become avail- 2003), Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak sponding straits. Finally, we examine the able). This method differs from explicit (Lermusiaux, 1999), Monterey Bay shelf- multiscale formation mechanisms for the nesting schemes that exchange coarse break (Haley et al., 2009), and Taiwan deep Sulu Sea water.
Recommended publications
  • Information on the UNIDO Project Related to the Supply, Installation
    UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (UNIDO) Information on the UNIDO Project related to the supply, installation and commissioning of Renewable Energy Hybrid systems for the two island municipalities of Sitangkai and Sibutu, Philippines 21 May 2019 Background information Tawi-Tawi, the southernmost frontier of the Philippines, is the leading supplier of seaweeds throughout the country with 70% of total production. However, Tawi-Tawi’s seaweeds industry is faced with problems as declining production and annual value. Tawi-Tawi also remains among the poorest and least electrified provinces in the country, with household electrification rates on average of less than 20%. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is implementing the European Union funded project Renewable Energy Technology for Seaweed Value Added in Tawi-Tawi (RETS) with the aim to increase and extend the availability of electricity service in these seaweed farming communities. UNIDO partners in RETS include: Mindanao Development Authority, Tawi-Tawi Electric Cooperative Inc. (TAWELCO), Mindanao State University-Tawi Tawi, Association of Isolated Electric Cooperatives Missionary Green Energy Corp. (AIEC-MGE), Island Light and Water Energy Development Corporation (ILAW), Provincial Government of Tawi-Tawi, and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). The project will hybridize diesel generator sets with solar PV and battery storage for additional power supply to the island grids in the island municipalities of Sitangkai and Sibutu. This will be integrated with efforts to enhance the quality and increase the value of seaweeds produced in the province, as well as the delivery of community social and welfare services. The scope of services required shall include the supply, installation and commissioning of Renewable Energy Hybrid systems for the two island municipalities of Sitangkai and Sibutu that will include Solar PV and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to ensure 24/7 availability of power.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruising Guide to the Philippines
    Cruising Guide to the Philippines For Yachtsmen By Conant M. Webb Draft of 06/16/09 Webb - Cruising Guide to the Phillippines Page 2 INTRODUCTION The Philippines is the second largest archipelago in the world after Indonesia, with around 7,000 islands. Relatively few yachts cruise here, but there seem to be more every year. In most areas it is still rare to run across another yacht. There are pristine coral reefs, turquoise bays and snug anchorages, as well as more metropolitan delights. The Filipino people are very friendly and sometimes embarrassingly hospitable. Their culture is a unique mixture of indigenous, Spanish, Asian and American. Philippine charts are inexpensive and reasonably good. English is widely (although not universally) spoken. The cost of living is very reasonable. This book is intended to meet the particular needs of the cruising yachtsman with a boat in the 10-20 meter range. It supplements (but is not intended to replace) conventional navigational materials, a discussion of which can be found below on page 16. I have tried to make this book accurate, but responsibility for the safety of your vessel and its crew must remain yours alone. CONVENTIONS IN THIS BOOK Coordinates are given for various features to help you find them on a chart, not for uncritical use with GPS. In most cases the position is approximate, and is only given to the nearest whole minute. Where coordinates are expressed more exactly, in decimal minutes or minutes and seconds, the relevant chart is mentioned or WGS 84 is the datum used. See the References section (page 157) for specific details of the chart edition used.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Badjaos in Tawi- Tawi, Southwest Philippines Erwin Rapiz Navarro
    Centre for Peace Studies Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education Living by the Day: A Study of the Badjaos in Tawi- Tawi, Southwest Philippines Erwin Rapiz Navarro Master’s thesis in Peace and Conflict Transformation – November 2015 i Abstract This study examines the impacts of sedentarization processes to the Badjaos in Tawi-Tawi, southwest of the Philippines. The study focuses on the means of sedentarizing the Badjaos, which are; the housing program and conditional cash transfer fund system. This study looks into the conditionalities, perceptions and experiences of the Badjaos who are beneficiaries of the mentioned programs. To realize this objective, this study draws on six qualitative interviews matching with participant-observation in three different localities in Tawi-Tawi. Furthermore, as a conceptual tool of analysis, the study uses sedentarization, social change, human development and ethnic identity. The study findings reveal the variety of outcomes and perceptions of each program among the informants. The housing project has made little impact to the welfare of the natives of the region. Furthermore, the housing project failed to provide security and consideration of cultural needs of the supposedly beneficiaries; Badjaos. On the other hand, cash transfer fund, though mired by irregularities, to some extent, helped in the subsistence of the Badjaos. Furthermore, contentment, as an antithesis to poverty, was being highlighted in the process of sedentarization as an expression of ethnic identity. Analytically, this study brings substantiation on the impacts of assimilation policies to indigenous groups, such as the Badjaos. Furthermore, this study serves as a springboard for the upcoming researchers in the noticeably lack of literature in the study of social change brought by sedentarization and development policies to ethnic groups in the Philippines.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations of the North Equatorial Current, Mindanao Current, and Kuroshio Current System During the 2006/ 07 El Niño and 2007/08 La Niña
    Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 65, pp. 325 to 333, 2009 Observations of the North Equatorial Current, Mindanao Current, and Kuroshio Current System during the 2006/ 07 El Niño and 2007/08 La Niña 1 2 3 4 YUJI KASHINO *, NORIEVILL ESPAÑA , FADLI SYAMSUDIN , KELVIN J. RICHARDS , 4† 5 1 TOMMY JENSEN , PIERRE DUTRIEUX and AKIO ISHIDA 1Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 2The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Quezon 1101, Philippines 3Badan Pengkajian Dan Penerapan Teknologi, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia 4International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A. 5Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A. (Received 19 September 2008; in revised form 17 December 2008; accepted 17 December 2008) Two onboard observation campaigns were carried out in the western boundary re- Keywords: gion of the Philippine Sea in December 2006 and January 2008 during the 2006/07 El ⋅ North Equatorial Niño and the 2007/08 La Niña to observe the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Current, ⋅ Mindanao Current (MC), and Kuroshio current system. The NEC and MC measured Mindanao Current, ⋅ in late 2006 under El Niño conditions were stronger than those measured during early Kuroshio, ⋅ 2006/07 El Niño, 2008 under La Niña conditions. The opposite was true for the current speed of the ⋅ 2007/08 La Niña. Kuroshio, which was stronger in early 2008 than in late 2006. The increase in dy- namic height around 8°N, 130°E from December 2006 to January 2008 resulted in a weakening of the NEC and MC.
    [Show full text]
  • Intra-Seasonal Variability of Pacific-Origin Sea Level Anomalies
    J Oceanogr (2015) 71:239–249 DOI 10.1007/s10872-015-0281-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intra‑seasonal variability of Pacific‑origin sea level anomalies around the Philippine Archipelago Xiao Chen1,2,3 · Bo Qiu3 · Xuhua Cheng1 · Yiquan Qi1 · Yan Du1 Received: 1 October 2014 / Revised: 23 February 2015 / Accepted: 2 March 2015 / Published online: 20 March 2015 © The Oceanographic Society of Japan and Springer Japan 2015 Abstract Intra-seasonal variability of sea level anomalies 1 Introduction (SLAs) originated in the Pacific Ocean around the Philippine Archipelago was investigated using merged altimetry SLA The Philippine Archipelago is a critical region that plays measurements and eddy-resolving ocean model outputs. an important role in the oceanic exchanges between the The results suggest the SLA signals from the tropical North South China Sea (SCS) and the western Pacific. This region Pacific propagate westward as baroclinic Rossby waves on is characterized by multi-connected ocean passages and an intra-seasonal time scale. Upon impinging the east coast channels (Fig. 1). To the north, the Luzon Strait (sill depth of the Philippines, these Rossby wave signals transform into ~2,200 m) is the main oceanic linkage of the SCS and the coastal trapped waves (CTWs), propagate clockwise along western Pacific. To the south, the Mindoro (sill depth of the coast of the Philippine Archipelago and enter into the ~500 m) and the shallow Balabac Straits connect the Sulu eastern South China Sea (SCS) through the Sibutu Passage Sea and the SCS. The Sibutu Passage (deeper than 200 m) and Mindoro Strait. The SLA signals, however, cannot prop- connects the Sulu and Sulawesi Seas.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Structure
    Data structure – Water The aim of this document is to provide a short and clear description of parameters (data items) that are to be reported in the data collection forms of the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) data collection campaigns 2013–2014. The data itself should be reported by means of MS Excel sheets as suggested in the document UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31, chapter 2.3, p. 22. Aggregated data can also be reported via on-line forms available in the GMP data warehouse (GMP DWH). Structure of the database and associated code lists are based on following documents, recommendations and expert opinions as adopted by the Stockholm Convention COP6 in 2013: · Guidance on the Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31 (version January 2013) · Conclusions of the Meeting of the Global Coordination Group and Regional Organization Groups for the Global Monitoring Plan for POPs, held in Geneva, 10–12 October 2012 · Conclusions of the Meeting of the expert group on data handling under the global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants, held in Brno, Czech Republic, 13-15 June 2012 The individual reported data component is inserted as: · free text or number (e.g. Site name, Monitoring programme, Value) · a defined item selected from a particular code list (e.g., Country, Chemical – group, Sampling). All code lists (i.e., allowed values for individual parameters) are enclosed in this document, either in a particular section (e.g., Region, Method) or listed separately in the annexes below (Country, Chemical – group, Parameter) for your reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of CRM Learning Destinations in the Philippines 2Nd
    Directory of CRMLearningDestinations in the Philippines by League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP), Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest (FISH) Project, World Wide Fund for Nature- Philippines (WWF-Philippines), and Conservation International (CI). 2ND EDITION 2009 Printed in Cebu City, Philippines Citation: LMP, FISH Project, WWF-Philippines, and CI-Philippines. 2009. Directory of CRM Learning Destinations in the Philippines. 2nd Edition. League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP), Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest (FISH) Project, World Wide Fund for Nature-Philippines (WWF-Philippines), and Conservation International-Philippines (CI-Philippines). Cebu City, Philippines. This publication was made possible through support provided by the Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest (FISH) Project of the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms and conditions of USAID Contract Nos. AID-492-C-00-96-00028- 00 and AID-492-C-00-03-00022-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID. This publication may be reproduced or quoted in other publications as long as proper reference is made to the source. Partner coordination: Howard Cafugauan, Marlito Guidote, Blady Mancenido, and Rebecca Pestaño-Smith Contributions: Camiguin Coastal Resource Management Project: Evelyn Deguit Conservation International-Philippines: Pacifico Beldia II, Annabelle Cruz-Trinidad and Sheila Vergara Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation: Atty. Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio FISH Project: Atty. Leoderico Avila, Jr., Kristina Dalusung, Joey Gatus, Aniceta Gulayan, Moh.
    [Show full text]
  • Round Scad Exploration by Purse Seine in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines
    Round scad exploration by purse seine in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines Item Type book_section Authors Pastoral, Prospero C.; Escobar Jr., Severino L.; Lamarca, Napoleon J. Publisher Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Download date 01/10/2021 13:06:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40530 Proceedings of the SEAFDEC Seminar on Fishery Resources in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines Round Scad Exploration by Purse Seine in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines Prospero C. Pastoral1, Severino L. Escobar, Jr.1 and Napoleon J. Lamarca2 1BFAR-National Marine Fisheries Development Center, Sangley Point, Cavite City, Philippines 2BFAR-Fishing Technology Division, 860 Arcadia Bldg., Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines ABSTRACT Round scad exploration by purse seine in the waters of western Philippines was conducted from April 22 to May 7, 1998 for a period of five (5) fishing days with a total catch of 7.3 tons and an average of 1.5 tons per setting. Dominant species caught were Decapterus spp. having 70.09% of the total catch, followed by Selar spp. at 12.66% and Rastrelliger spp. 10.70%. Among the Decapterus spp. caught, D. macrosoma attained the highest total catch composition by species having 68.81% followed by D. kurroides and D.russelli with 0.31% and 1.14% respectively. The round scad fishery stock was composed mainly of juvenile fish (less than 13 cm) and Age group II (13 cm to 14 cm). Few large round scad at Age group IV and V (20 cm to 28 cm) stayed at the fishery.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance on Abduction of Crew in the Sulu-Celebes Seas and Waters Off Eastern Sabah
    Guidance on Abduction of Crew in the Sulu-Celebes Seas and Waters off Eastern Sabah Produced by: In collaboration with: Supported by: July 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This guidance was produced by the ReCAAP ISC in collaboration with the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), and supported by the Asian Shipowners’ Association (ASA) and the Singapore Shipping Association (SSA). This guidance complements the general guidance contained in the ‘Regional Guide to Counter Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia’. DISCLAIMER This Guidance, compiled for the Sulu-Celebes Seas and waters off Eastern Sabah, has been prepared for general advisory purpose. This Guidance does not and shall not be construed to impose any obligation or requirement on ship owners or managers to implement any of the measures or advice therein, and any person or entity who wishes to implement the same is advised to exercise due care and discretion in doing so, having due regard to their own requirements and resource capabilities. 2 Contents Introduction 02 Advisory by ReCAAP ISC 04 Measures adopted by the 07 littoral States in the area Modus operandi of past incidents 14 of abduction of crew Case studies of past incidents 20 Information on the Abu Sayyaf 25 Group (ASG) Annex 1 26 Notice to Mariners issued by the Philippines (NOTAM 148-2017 by Philippine Coast Guard) Annex 2 29 Notice to Mariners issued by Malaysia (NOTAM 14 of 2017 by Marine Department of Malaysia, Sabah Region) Annex 3 34 Establishment of Recommended Transit Corridor at Moro Gulf and Basilan Strait issued by the Philippine’s Department of Transportation (Memorandum Circular Number 2017-002 dated 31 March 2017) Annex 4 44 ReCAAP ISC and Supporting Organisations 1 Guidance on Abduction of Crew in the Sulu-Celebes Seas and Waters off Eastern Sabah Introduction This guidance focuses on the incidents of abduction of crew from ships for ransom in the Sulu-Celebes Seas and waters off Eastern Sabah.
    [Show full text]
  • M.V. Solita's Passage Notes
    M.V. SOLITA’S PASSAGE NOTES SABAH BORNEO, MALAYSIA Updated August 2014 1 CONTENTS General comments Visas 4 Access to overseas funds 4 Phone and Internet 4 Weather 5 Navigation 5 Geographical Observations 6 Flags 10 Town information Kota Kinabalu 11 Sandakan 22 Tawau 25 Kudat 27 Labuan 31 Sabah Rivers Kinabatangan 34 Klias 37 Tadian 39 Pura Pura 40 Maraup 41 Anchorages 42 2 Sabah is one of the 13 Malaysian states and with Sarawak, lies on the northern side of the island of Borneo, between the Sulu and South China Seas. Sabah and Sarawak cover the northern coast of the island. The lower two‐thirds of Borneo is Kalimantan, which belongs to Indonesia. The area has a fascinating history, and probably because it is on one of the main trade routes through South East Asia, Borneo has had many masters. Sabah and Sarawak were incorporated into the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 and Malaysia is now regarded a safe and orderly Islamic country. Sabah has a diverse ethnic population of just over 3 million people with 32 recognised ethnic groups. The largest of these is the Malays (these include the many different cultural groups that originally existed in their own homeland within Sabah), Chinese and “non‐official immigrants” (mainly Filipino and Indonesian). In recent centuries piracy was common here, but it is now generally considered relatively safe for cruising. However, the nearby islands of Southern Philippines have had some problems with militant fundamentalist Muslim groups – there have been riots and violence on Mindanao and the Tawi Tawi Islands and isolated episodes of kidnapping of people from Sabah in the past 10 years or so.
    [Show full text]
  • Map Room Files of President Roosevelt, 1939–1945
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of World War II Research Collections MAP ROOM FILES OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, 1939–1945 Map Room Ground Operations Files, 1941–1945 Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide Compiled by Blair D. Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Map room files of President Roosevelt, 1939–1945. Map room ground operations files, 1941–1945 [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. — (World War II research collections) Reproduced from the presidential papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the custody of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Accompanied by printed guide compiled by Blair D. Hydrick. ISBN 1-55655-513-X (microfilm) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Campaigns—Sources. 2. United States— Armed Forces—History—World War, 1939–1945. 3. Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882–1945—Archives. 4. Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882–1945—Military leadership—World War, 1939–1945. I. Lester, Robert. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. IV. University Publications of America (Firm). V. Series. [D743] 940.53’73—dc20 94-42746 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are from the Papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the custody of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, National Archives and Records Administration. Former President Roosevelt donated his literary rights in these documents to the public. © Copyright 1994 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-513-X. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ vii Source and Editorial Note ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Circulation Associated with the Mindanao and Halmahera Eddies
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1989-06 Surface circulation associated with the Mindanao and Halmahera Eddies Carpenter, Glen H. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27297 - TTtTOX TJBBAB?^^ NPS-68-89-005 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS Surface Circulation Associated with the Mindanao and Halmahera Eddies by Glen H. Carpenter June 1989 Thesis Ad-zisor: Curtis Collins Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Prepared for: Chief of Office of Naval Research 800 North Quincy Arlington, VA 22217-5000 T 244047 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHX)L Monterey, California Pear Admiral R.C. Austin Harrison Shull Superintendent Provost This report was prepared in cxmjunction with Cliief Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA and funded by the Naval Postgraduate School. Unclassified KiiroKi 0(K imi:maii()\ i'aci: la Repori Security ClasMlic 3 Distribution .\\ailability ul Keport 2b Declassificauon Downgrading Schedule Aj^piovcd for public release; dislribulion is unlimited. ing Organization Report Nuniber(s) NPS-68-89-005 I Report Numbcr(s) .anie of Performing Organizati 6b Office Symbol a Name of .\!oniioriii<: Or^'anlzation \a\al Posteruduate School (ijafplkabie) 52 Office of Naval Research 6c Address (dry. siaie. and ZIP code) 7b Address (dry. state, and ZIP code) Monterey, CA 93943-5000 800 Ouencv, Arlington. VA 22217-5000 8a Name of Funding Sponsoring Organization t Instrument IdciUirication Number Naval Pos1-gr;=<rhi;=i1-p .q<-hnn1 0^3MN, nirerrh. Fiirif^ing Sc Address (dry. state, and ZIP code) Monterey, CA 93943-5000 ^ itie (include security classification) SURFACE ClRCULAllON ASSOCIAIUD Willi I HE MINDANAO AND IIALMAIIERA EDDIES mai Author(s) Glen 11.
    [Show full text]