Uncorrected Machine Translation by Deepl, February 4, 2021

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uncorrected Machine Translation by Deepl, February 4, 2021 Aus: Mäckler, Andreas (Hrsg.) Schwarzbuch Wikipedia: Mobbing, Diffamierung und Falschinformation in der Online-Enzyklopädie und was jetzt dagegen getan werden muss. Höhr-Grenzhausen: Zeitgeist 2020, S. 215-235 Wikipedia als Tummelplatz des geistigen Lumpenproletariats Uncorrected machine translation by DeepL, February 4, 2021 From: Mäckler, Andreas (ed.) Schwarzbuch Wikipedia: Mobbing, Defamation and Mis- information in the Online Encyclopaedia and What Must Be Done About It Now. Höhr- Grenzhausen: Zeitgeist 2020, pp. 215-235 Wikipedia as the playground of the intellectual lumpenproletariat Dr. rer. nat. habil., Dr. phil. habil. Volkmar Weiss, geneticist and historian 1 Until 1989 I was co-author of an encyclopaedia of genealogy in the GDR. The publishing house had originally approached me to take on the role of editor, but my office, the Central Institute for History of the Academy of Sciences, thought that the experienced family histori- an Wolfgang Lorenz, then professor of Marxism-Leninism, would be a better solution to give2genealogy, which had been ostracised in the Soviet zone after 1945 as "cultivating bour- geois traditions", a place in socialism. In 1990, the Bibliographical Institute in Leipzig, which was responsible for the encyclopaedia, was caught up in the turmoil of unification and the work could no longer be published. I had written the basic terms and methods of the subject for the book and even received the fee for it, but the text remained lying around. As Wikipedia took shape, I saw the opportunity to bring these contributions to the readers. Since 1990, head of the German Central Office for Genealogy and subordinate to the Saxon Ministry of the Interior, I used my office computer to upload these encyclopaedia texts to Wikipedia at my workplace. The contributions were technically mature, hardly anyone found fault with them, and they are essentially still in the online encyclopaedia today. After this was done silently, I turned to the terms "intelligence" and "inheritance of intelligence" in Wikipedia, which I had written a dissertation and a habilitation on and consequently under- stood a bit more about than genealogy. But this was the beginning of a never-ending trouble. I had been 3a committed Wikipedia author until 2009, when I was finally banned, and thought 1 Abridged and edited version by the author as well as the editor of a text that could be read on the internet since 2009, originally as Google-knol, see: http://webarchiv.wikimannia.org/knol/volkmar-weiss/totalitaetsanspruch- der-gleichheitsideologie-in-der-wikipedia.htm (retrieved 27.11.2018) 2 Weiss, Volkmar: Vorgeschichte und Folgen des arischen Ahnenpasses. On the History of Genealogy in the 20th Century. Neustadt an der Orla: Arnshaugk 2013 3 Compare: Weiss, Volkmar: Der erweiterte SächsArchReport. A documentation by the director of the German Central Office for Genealogy 1990-2007. Neustadt an der Orla: Arnshaugk 2019, therein pp. 260-270 Wikipedia: 1 the project could become something; it did in some areas. I am still amazed at the momentum I had back then, which I would no longer be able to achieve now. Readers will find a great deal of material in the Wikipedia archive on my user page Dr Volkmar Weiss4 , but especially also on permanently deleted or amputated terms such as "he- redity of intelligence"5 , "dysgenics"6 , on which I endeavoured to co-write, more than they need for a critical judgement. The following excerpts are not so much about my factual state- ments as about the qualifications of the people through whom they were made and the style in which they were muzzled. If someone supported me in the discussions, the user was quickly suspected of being a sock puppet of mine and was banned forever. Peter Mersch, for example, was like that.7 He wrote under his real name and angrily argued that he was Volkmar Weiss. It did him no good, he was banned. Imagine a large hall where the keynote lecture of the annual meeting of a scientific so- ciety is being held. It is a warm day and all the doors of the hall are open. The speaker is, as you would expect from a keynote lecture, a recognised expert, in the opinion of many the best in his field, and he naturally refers in his lecture to his own work on the subject. A summary of his contribution would make a first-class Wikipedia article, and in passing the speaker also drops a remark to that effect. An unknown person, masked to boot, appears in one of the open doors and shouts into the hall: "You fraud! You self-promoter! If your wife knew what non- sense you're talking here, she wouldn't let you in the door anymore!" And with that the person disappears again. The speaker and all the audience are astonished at first, and it is agreed dur- ing the break discussion after the lecture that it must have been a completely unqualified and probably somewhat disturbed person, and they do not attach any importance to the incident for the time being. But every time the speaker now wants or is supposed to say something somewhere, similar incidents repeat themselves. And it gets worse and worse. Not only one anonymous person attacks him and slanders him with interjections and page-long texts, there are several. When he wants to take action or at least complain about it, he finds that his com- plaints always end up with a panel of anonymous people with unknown qualifications who are obviously in cahoots with the slanderers. The slander and insinuations can take on absurd dimensions. An example: My father Heinz Weiß, who died in 1945, was born in Zwickau in 1920. How old was he then in 1933? In the blog of the person who has particularly distinguished himself in Wikipedia against the Genealogy (retrieved 30.6.2004). - Previously published in: Familie und Geschichte 13th ed. (2004), pp. 129- 139. 4 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Beiträge/Dr._Volkmar_Weiss&dir=prev&offset=2004070810 0410&limit=500&target=Dr.+Volkmar+Weiss (retrieved 27.11.2018) and https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer_Diskussion:Dr._Volkmar_Weiss&offset=&limit=500&acti on=history (retrieved 27.11.2018) 5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer_Diskussion:Dr._Volkmar_Weiss&diff=prev&oldid=31682 171 (retrieved 27.11.2018) 6 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Löschkandidaten/6._Mai_2006&diff=prev&oldid=166480 46 (retrieved 27.11.2018) 7 In 2018, there is no evidence of a user page for Peter Mersch in Wikipedia, nor of any archiving of his contri- butions. In Wikipedia, discussions and archive sections are systematically deleted if they contain particularly meaningful references to grievances. Unwanted opinions or statistics that are presented with particular force are deleted immediately and thus their archiving is not even permitted. "This won't even make it into the archives", I read several times as a comment on a deletion. 2 user Dr Volkmar Weiss (born 1944 in Zwickau), one can read: "Worth mentioning from the guild of doctors writing for a wider audience seems to me, for example, Heinz Weiss, co- author of the 'Almanach of the National Socialist Revolution, published in 1933 by Chief President Wilhelm Kube, with the collaboration of Willi Bischoff and Dr Heinz Weiss'. I as- sume that he is identical with Heinz Weiss, father of Thilo Sarrazin's idea man Volkmar Weiss. Volkmar Weiss wrote about him: 'My father was the full-time bannführer of the Hitler Youth of Zwickau'. One should also know that Zwickau was a playground for eugenic ideas even before the National Socialists came to power (keyword 'Lex Zwickau'). US eugenicists were significantly involved in the creation of the draft law 'Lex Zwickau' (for the introduction of forced sterilisations of allegedly mentally inferior people) - above all Harry Laughlin, later associated with the Pioneer Fund founded by Wicliffe Draper in 1937. ... It is therefore not far-fetched to ask whether Volkmar Weiss' connection to the Pioneer Fund is already second generation. Further, it is quite possible that the mutual appreciation of the writing work of Volkmar Weiss and Thilo Sarrazin already existed with their fathers Heinz Weiss and Hans Christian Sarrazin." 8 Is it even possible, hypocritically pretending to be objective research, to be even more hair-raising, even more slanderous? This and much more can be read unchallenged on the net for years. (Personally, I don't have the time and money to take legal action against this). Every expert, every scientist who writes contributions for today's Wikipedia should be aware that he is entering a lecture hall whose doors are open to the street and that any passer- by can attack him anonymously, can and will also slander him with allegations and insinua- tions in the case of politically or otherwise controversial topics, without anyone wanting to or being able to effectively stand up for him. At some point he, like me, will be glad when the nightmare of his unrestricted blocking has come to an end. A few years ago I wrote a few factual contributions for Wikipedia under the pseudo- nym "Meisterhand" (or something like that), all of which were considered good. But a very eager person who writes under the name "Liberal Democrat" (or something like that) found out about it and had "Meisterhand" blocked for "circumventing the block". Some people no- ticed that Meisterhand had only written useful texts, but this did not delay the unrestricted blocking in any way. If someone writes only on innocuous factual issues, he can acquire and retain all user rights forever under a pseudonym, but woe betide him if he turns to a contro- versial topic! In my experience, the inner circle of authors and administrators of the German- language Wikipedia functions like a closed Jacobin club.
Recommended publications
  • The Bell Curve of Intelligence, Economic Growth and Technological Achievement: How Robust Is the Cross-Country Evidence?
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Bell Curve of Intelligence, Economic Growth and Technological Achievement: How Robust is the Cross-Country Evidence? Burhan, Nik Ahmad Sufian and Che Razak, Razli and Rosli, Muhamad Ridhwan and Selamat, Muhamad Rosli Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Federation of Malay Students Union / Gabungan Pelajar Melayu Semenanjung, Kuala Lumpur, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia January 2017 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77469/ MPRA Paper No. 77469, posted 13 Mar 2017 14:25 UTC The Bell Curve of Intelligence, Economic Growth and Technological Achievement: How Robust is the Cross-Country Evidence? Nik Ahmad Sufian Burhan a,b,*, Razli Che Razak c, Muhamad Ridhwan Rosli b,d, Muhamad Rosli Selamat e a Department of Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia b Federation of Malay Students Union / Gabungan Pelajar Melayu Semenanjung, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia c Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia d Faculty of Arts and Humanities, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are normally distributed within a nation’s population. In a cross-country regression, Burhan et al. (2014, Intelligence, 46, 1–8) had statistically proven that intellectual class represented by the 95th percentile IQ had contributed most to economic growth. Those with average ability (50th percentile IQ) contributed second most, followed by the non-intellectual class (5th percentile IQ).
    [Show full text]
  • Black±White Differences on the G-Factor in South Africa
    Personality and Individual Differences 31 :2001) 1227±1232 www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Black±White dierences on the g-factor in South Africa: a ``Jensen Eect'' on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Ð revised J. Philippe Rushton * Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada Received 27 July 2000; received in revised form 12 October 2000; accepted 23 October 2000 Abstract A test is made to determine whether South African Black±White dierences on various tests of cognitive performance are like the Black±White dierences in the United States in being positively associated with a test's g loadings, where g is the general factor of intelligence. Data are analyzed from Skuy, Schutte, Fridjhon and O'Carroll [Skuy, M., Schutte, E., Fridjhon, P., & O'Carroll, S. :2001). Suitability of published neu- ropsychological test norms for urban African secondary school strudents in South Africa. Personality and Individual Dierences, 30, 1413±1425) of 154 13- to 15-year-old secondary school students in Soweto, Johannesburg, on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children±Revised :WISC-R). The more highly cor- related a sub-test was with g, the more it predicted the African±White dierence :r =0.77, p=0.05). The eect remained even when the Vocabulary sub-test was excluded or when g was extracted from the Black rather than from the White standardization sample :r=0.60, P<0.05), as it did as well if Spearman's rho was used instead of Pearson's r :g from Whites=0.74, g from Blacks=0.74, P< 0.005).
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Why the Bell Curve Didn't Go Far Enough on Race J
    In E. White (Ed.), Intelligence. Political Inequality, and Public Policy. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997. Pp. 119-140. 5 Why The Bell Curve Didn't Go Far Enough on Race J. PHILIPPE RUSHTON INTRODUCTION My main purpose in this chapter is to suggest that public policy analysts need to rethink their attitudes to race differences and to acknowledge the international distribution and genetic basis thereof. As opportunities become equalized, racial differences in success and failure become more salient. With increasing movement towards the Global Village, the racial gradient in intelligence and success from East Asians to Europeans to Africans will be amplified on the world stage. Because racial differences are a result of evolution, they cannot be expected to disappear. I place my chapter in the context of the furor over The Bell Curve and make the following points: (1) The distribution of racial differences in I.Q. found within the United Sates of America parallels those found in­ ternationally; (2) I.Q. scores are related to brain size, and brain size shows parallel distributions to I.Q. scores both within the United States of America and internationally; (3) Heritabilities are as generalizable across groups as are environmentalities; (4) Tests high in heritability pre­ dict racial differences better than do tests low in heritability, (5) When black heritabilities are lower than they are for whites, they suggest effects of environmental deprivation; (6) Transracial adoption studies indicate that East Asian adoptees grow to score higher than their adoptive national norms on I.Q. tests but black adoptees do not; (7) Regression to the Author's Not*.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOL 335 Advanced Genetics: Race and Racism Fall, 2007 1
    BIOL 335 Advanced Genetics: Race and Racism Fall, 2007 Syllabus This class is about the nature and experience of human differences. One of the most fundamental characteristics of biological organisms is that individuals differ from one another in a variety of ways. Recognition of the nature and importance of those differences was one of the key insights Charles Darwin provided in his ―Origin of Species‖, and understanding variation is essential to understanding the evolutionary history of life on the planet. In humans, variation in certain physical characteristics has been the basis for creating the classifications historically called ―races‖; those racial divisions have also been associated with a wide array of inequities and injustices, from the distribution of wealth and opportunities to genocide. This class will explore the concept of race primarily from a biological perspective, examining: the genetic basis of human variation and the use of that variation to identify racial groups; the history of racial classification of humans; the scientific investigation of racial differences in intelligence; the potential consequences of advances in molecular genetic testing for medicine and society; and other race-related topics Questions the course will address include: - What does the term ―race‖ mean to biologists when applied to non-human populations? Is the typical application of the term to human populations consistent with this meaning? - What is the nature of genetic variation among humans, both in the traits typically used for racial
    [Show full text]
  • The Silicon Ideology
    The Silicon Ideology Josephine Armistead May 18, 2016 Abstract Out of the technological cenes of the world has come a new, strange variant of fascism– namely, neo-reaion, or “NRx”. I shall here proⅵde a critique of this ideology and an aempt at understanding of its origins, its taics, and how it may be defeated. Content Warnings This article contains discussions of fascism, Nazism, white supremacy, and the Holocaust among other topics. Keywords 1 Introduction A king? You want a king? Boy, nobody wants a king! Ignatius, are you sure you’re OK? A Confederacy of Dunces John Kennedy Toole When one learns I am studying a new emergence of fascism in Europe and North America, one might be tempted to believe I am referring to the larger end of the rise of right-wing populist parties and candidacies that may be considered “fascist”, such as the candidacy of Donald Trump and the rise of the United Kingdom Independence Par (UKIP), Le Pen’s Front national (FN), Alternatⅳe für Deutschland (AfD), and Golden Dawn among others. However, in this essay, I discuss a more narrow group: specifically, an ideology that has emerged in the past decade or so inside the capitals of the tech world and which is growing at an alarming rate, often (but not always) allied with those parties and candidacies I have mentioned above: neo-reaionaries and what is known as the “alt- right”. Largely, this group has escaped serious criticism by radicals for its nature as a small, internet-based ideology–not enough people, it seems, take it seriously.
    [Show full text]
  • THE HISTORY of the BELL CURVE: SORTING and the IDEA of NORMAL Lynn Fendler and Irfan Muzaffar Department of Teacher Education Michigan State University
    63 THE HISTORY OF THE BELL CURVE: SORTING AND THE IDEA OF NORMAL Lynn Fendler and Irfan Muzaffar Department of Teacher Education Michigan State University ABSTRACT. Bell-curve thinking, as a model of distribution of success and failure in society, enjoys a peren- nial (ahistorical, objective, and law-like) status in education. As such it provides a rationale for sorting (tracking or streaming) practices in education, which has led many educators to criticize both bell-curve thinking and associated sorting practices. In this essay, Lynn Fendler and Irfan Muzaffar argue that the existing critiques of bell-curve thinking ring true for people who believe that the purpose of schooling is to promote a more equitable redistribution of resources in society; however, these arguments do not criticize the law-like character assumed for a bell curve as a representation of social reality. To extend these critiques, Fendler and Muzaffar focus on the history of the bell curve, from a representation of bino- mial probability, to a bearer of real things in nature, and finally to a set of expectations about how people should behave. They ultimately argue that the acceptance of bell-curve thinking in education is part of a recursive project of governance and normalization. Educators might say that all children can learn, but the man in the street carries a bell curve in his head. — Gerald Bracey, The Final Exam1 There is a widespread belief that things of the world distribute themselves according to a model depicted by the normal curve. Known popularly as the bell curve, and mathematically as the Gaussian curve, this model holds that most phe- nomena occur around a middle point, while few occur at either the high or low extreme ends.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sociology of Education and Bell Curve Controversy: How Should Grades Be Calculated? PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
    The Sociology of Education and Bell Curve Controversy: How Should Grades Be Calculated? PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION AND BELL CURVE CONTROVERSY: HOW SHOULD GRADES BE CALCULATED? Irwan Satria1, Nursyirwan2, Wardana3, Abdul Aziz Bin Mustamin4 1Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 2Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 3Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 4Institut Agama Islam NegeriBengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Irwan Satria, Nursyirwan, Wardana, Abdul Aziz Bin Mustamin, The Sociology of Education and Bell Curve Controversy: How Should Grades Be Calculated?-Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7), ISSN 1567-214x Abstract The Sociology of Education and Bell curve controversy attended on from the e-book of a well- favored technological understanding e-Book on intelligence that emerge as taken through using way of many as racist in its conclusions. The bell curve: intelligence and sophistication shape in yank life became first placed in 1994. A scientific analysis into the character-nurture communicate and its impact upon intelligence, its authors, Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, investigated the correlation amongst perform and quantitative relation. In spite of shielding accomplice in nursing increase of subjects, the e-book became honestly overshadowed with the aid of method that of its chapters on racial variations in intelligence, and moreover the results of such. Their end that black parents had a significantly decrease quantitative relation than unique races, and similarly the enough less clever have been more most in all likelihood to live in economic circumstance and be disquieted in crook hobby triggered an oversized 12431 The Sociology of Education and Bell Curve Controversy: How Should Grades Be Calculated? PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) Contestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Students' Conceptions of Bell Curve Grading Fairness in Relation
    IJ-SoTL, Vol. 14 [2020], No. 1, Art. 7 Students’ Conceptions of Bell Curve Grading Fairness in Relation to Goal Orientation and Motivation Lynette TAN Yuen Ling1, Brenda YUEN Pui Lam1, Wee Ling LOO2, Christiaan Prinsloo3, and Mark Gan1 1 National University of Singapore 2 Singapore Management University 3 Seoul National University Submitted: 8 December 2018; Accepted: 23 October 2019 Abstract The controversial bell curve has received considerable attention in recent years as a grade distribution tool where “norm-referenced grading involves comparing students’ performances with each other” rather than where they fall on a “predefined continuum of quality” (Brookhart, 2013, p. 258). Despite educators’ deep concern on the fairness of bell curve grading, there is little research done on students’ conceptions of that grading system in higher education. This correlational study uses open-ended questions and three instruments to measure students’ conceptions of the fairness of bell curve grading, their goal orientations, and motivation. Undergraduates from three universities participated in the survey (N= 211). Results suggest that students have a formalized conception of bell curve grading, perceive it to be generally fair, but tend to hold negative views about its impact on learning. The correlations with their goal orientation and levels of motivation, while yielding constructive inferences, were not overly significant. INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW The Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy (2014) cred- In the present paper, bell curve grading refers to a predetermined its the 16th century for the invention of the bell curve. The bell curve (not necessarily bell-shaped, possibly adjusted) in which curve (i.e., Gaussian curve or normal distribution) suggests that students’ grades are impacted by their placement in an over- the statistical distribution of elements is a natural phenomenon all predetermined distribution pattern where raw scores are that is highly probable and therefore normative.
    [Show full text]
  • How Skewed Is" the Bell Curve"?
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 379 382 UD 030 310 AUTHOR Haynes, Norris M. TITLE How Skewed Is "The Bell Curve"? PUB DATE Jan 95 NOTE 24p.; Reviews "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life" by R.J. Herrnstein and C. Murray, 1994. PUB TYPE Book/Product Reviews (072) Reports Evaluative /Feasibility (142) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Cognitive Ability; Environmental Influences; *Genetics; Heredity; *Intelligence; Intelligence Differences; *Nature Nurture Controversy; Political Influences; Public Policy; *Racial Differences; Scientific Methodology; Social Class IDENTIFIERS *Bell Curve (Herrnstein and Murray) ABSTRACT Fe,; books have generated as much controversy as the recently published "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life." The tremendous polarization on the issue of the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) to race and social class, reinforced by the book, and the potential this book has for undermining social programs designed to help the poor and disenfranchised make it worthy of attention. It is a pseudo-scientific treatise that must be considered in the sociopolitical and philosophical contexts within which it is written. Evidence suggests that "The Bell Curve" is a philosophically skewed attempt at revising and reviving the idea that nature is more significant and important in determining intelligence and survivability than is nurture. The author analyzes the book's hypotheses, which are often convincingly presented, and considers its social policy implications for the disadvantaged and children's programs. Herrnstein's and Murray's thesis of genetic inferiority and inherited cognitive deficiency is without scientific merit, and is contrary to tie spirit of the American constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • The G Factor: the Science of Mental Ability
    Book Reviews The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability Arthur R. Jensen Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998, 700pp. US$39.95 cloth. ISBN 0-2759-6103-6. Greenwood Publishing, 88 Post Rd. West, Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881, USA. J. Philippe Rushton University of Western Ontario, Canada Few scientists have effects or laws named after them. Arthur lates of g (excluding race), its heritability, and its practical Jensen's name is listed in a number of dictionaries as an predictive power. The fact that psychometric g has many "ism!" The Random House and Webster's Unabridged Dic- physical correlates proves that it is not just a methodological tionaries contain the following entry: artifact. Among biological variables, g loads on heritability coefficients determined from twin studies and inbreeding Jen-sen-ism (jen'se niz'em), n. the theory that an depression scores calculated in children born from cousin- individual's IQ is largely due to heredity, including marriages. g is also related to brain size measured by Mag- racial heritage. [1965-1970]; after Arthur R. Jensen netic Resonance Imaging (MRI), brain evoked potentials, (born 1923), U.S. educational psychologist, who pro- and intracellular brain pH levels. It (g) is a product of human posed such a theory; see -ism]—Jen'sen-ist, Jen'sen- evolution and is also found in nonhuman animals. ite', n., adj. Despite these caveats, The Bell Curve affair allows one to safely predict that The g Factor's coverage of race will The "theory" attributed to Jensen has, in fact, been around strike many as of central importance.
    [Show full text]
  • A History: the Construction of Race and Racism
    A History: The Construction of Race and Racism Dismantling Racism Project Western States Center Defining Ethnicity & Nationality (These terms are often confused with race) thnicity refers to particular groups of people are actually made up of diverse ethnic groups. The that share some common ancestry, traditions, United States is a perfect example of this reality. Elanguage, or dialect. Many people like to make ethnic distinctions as Before the world was made up of distinct nation- well as national distinctions to hold on to their ethnic states or countries, certain pieces of land were associ- culture and identity. ated with ethnic groups. Some examples are: • Italian-American – (Ethnicity is Italian and na- • Anglos and Saxons – England tionality is US American) • Maori – New Zealand • Mexican-American • Mayan – Southern Mexico/Central America • Chinese-American – (Ethnicity is Chinese and • Greeks – Greece nationality is US American) • Masai – the Great Rift Valley of East Africa • Pueblo– New Mexico Of course, ethnicity becomes more confusing in the process of immigration and assimilation. As an ex- As some countries were made up mostly one ample, we know in the case of China there are many, ethnic group, people began to conclude that national- many ethnicities and that diversity gets lost often in ity (the country which a person is a citizen of) was how people identify their ethnic identity to non-Chi- the same as ethnicity, i.e. a person from Denmark is nese people here in the U.S. So although a Chinese- a Dane or Danish. But more often the name of the American’s specific ethnicity may be Han, Manchu, country doesn’t refer to the ethnic origins of its citi- Yi or another of the over 50 ethnicities in China, here zens.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Sixty-Eight Years of Research on Race and Intelligence
    Opinion Reflections on Sixty-Eight Years of Research on Race and Intelligence Richard Lynn Ulster Institute for Social Research, London NW26 9LQ, UK; [email protected] Received: 1 April 2019; Accepted: 16 April 2019; Published: 24 April 2019 1. Introduction I first encountered the question of race and intelligence sixty-eight years ago. This was in 1951 when I was a student reading psychology at Cambridge and attended Alice Heim’s lectures on intelligence. She told us that Blacks in the United States had a lower IQ than Whites and this was attributable to discrimination, which she subsequently asserted in her book (Heim, 1954) [1]. She also told us of the UNESCO (1951) [2] statement that “Available scientific knowledge provides no basis for believing that the groups of mankind differ in their innate capacity for intellectual and emotional development.” She did not tell us that this assertion was disputed by Sir Ronald Fisher (1951) [3], the Professor of Genetics at Cambridge, who wrote a dissent stating that evidence and everyday experience showed that human groups differ profoundly “in their innate capacity for intellectual and emotional development” and that “this problem is being obscured by entirely well-intentioned efforts to minimize the real differences that exist.” Nor did Alice Heim tell us that Henry Garrett, the Professor of Psychology at Columbia University, had argued that genetic factors are largely responsible for the lower IQ of Blacks than of Whites (Garrett, 1945) [4] so I and my fellow students at Cambridge were not well-informed about the issue of race differences in intelligence and its causes.
    [Show full text]