DOCSLIB.ORG

Report on the Cattle in Woodland Inventory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report on the Cattle in Woodland Inventory A survey of cattle-grazed woodlands in Britain Helen M. Armstrong1,3, Liz Poulsom1, Tom Connolly2 and Andrew Peace2 1 Woodland Ecology Branch and 2 Statistics and Computing Branch, Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY 3Email: [email protected] Final report October 2003 Table of Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Methods...........................................................................................................................................1 Data collection.............................................................................................................................1 Data analysis ...............................................................................................................................2 Results .............................................................................................................................................4 Number and location of sites .......................................................................................................5 Ownership of sites........................................................................................................................5 Woodland type .............................................................................................................................6 Woodland, and total site, area.....................................................................................................7 Reasons for grazing cattle in woodlands.....................................................................................8 Exclosures and monitoring ........................................................................................................10 Other grazing mammals.............................................................................................................10 Breed of cattle............................................................................................................................11 Stocking season..........................................................................................................................12 Cattle grazing pressure..............................................................................................................12 Tree regeneration.......................................................................................................................13 Browsing on saplings.................................................................................................................18 Achievement of objectives of grazing with cattle.......................................................................18 Observations on stock husbandry, cattle behaviour and impacts on trees and ground vegetation...................................................................................................................................19 Discussion .....................................................................................................................................21 Number and location of sites .....................................................................................................21 Ownership of sites......................................................................................................................21 Woodland type ...........................................................................................................................21 Woodland, and total site, area...................................................................................................21 Reasons for grazing cattle in woodlands...................................................................................22 Exclosures and monitoring ........................................................................................................22 Other grazing mammals.............................................................................................................22 Breed of cattle............................................................................................................................22 Stocking season..........................................................................................................................23 Cattle grazing pressure..............................................................................................................23 Tree regeneration.......................................................................................................................23 Browsing on saplings.................................................................................................................24 Future research needs................................................................................................................25 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................26 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................28 References .....................................................................................................................................29 Appendix 1 Blank page from the site database.............................................................................30 Appendix 2 Data recording form for site visits.............................................................................31 Appendix 3 Guidance notes for site visits.....................................................................................33 Appendix 4. Location, ownership, management aims, area and type of cattle-grazed woodlands. .......................................................................................................................................................36 Appendix 5. Reasons for grazing cattle in woodlands..................................................................41 Appendix 6. Details of exclosures and monitoring.......................................................................46 Appendix 7. Relative densities of grazing mammals, other than cattle, at the sites visited..........51 Appendix 8. Breed, and stocking rate, of cattle at all sites. ..........................................................52 Appendix 9. Details of tree regeneration at all sites. ....................................................................56 Appendix 10. Relative browsing preferences for different species of sapling..............................62 Appendix 11. Objectives of grazing with cattle: achievement, or otherwise................................63 Appendix 12. Observations on stock husbandry, cattle behaviour, tree regeneration and cattle impacts on ground vegetation. ......................................................................................................65 Introduction Cattle are thought to provide biodiversity benefits in woodlands when grazed at low density (Dennis1998) since they eat vegetation of a low digestibility and break up vegetation mats with their hooves. This is thought to be beneficial for tree regeneration and as well as leading to a greater variety of vegetation types and associated invertebrate and bird assemblages. Because of these perceived benefits there is increasing interest in the use of cattle as a tool for nature conservation management in woodlands. Little information is available, however, with which the impacts of a given cattle grazing regime on a particular woodland can be predicted. Indeed there have been virtually no published studies of the impact of cattle on woodlands in Britain and very few in other countries. Additionally, there is little information available on the current use of woodlands for cattle grazing in Britain. This study, therefore, had the following objectives: • Gain an overview of the number, distribution, size and type of sites where cattle are currently being grazed in woodlands in mainland Britain. • Collate information on the reason for stocking with cattle, the cattle stocking regime, breed of cattle and the presence of other grazing animals at each site. • Collate observational information from site managers on cattle behaviour in woodlands. • Collate observational information on tree regeneration in the presence of cattle. • If possible, draw conclusions about the impacts of cattle on woodlands and draw out generalisations about the effect of different stocking regimes. • Recommend further work to improve our ability to predict the impacts of different grazing regimes of cattle on different woodland types The aim was not necessarily to include all cattle-grazed woodlands in Britain and, in fact, by the end of the data gathering period in 2002 there remained many leads still to be followed up. Rather, the aim was to collect a sample large enough to be representative of cattle-grazed woodland sites in Britain. Methods Data collection An Access database was set up to receive information on woodland sites in mainland Britain where cattle were being grazed (a blank data entry form is shown in Appendix 1). All types of woodland, from park woodland to plantations of exotic conifers, were included in the survey. At the start of the project in 2000, details of the survey were sent to relevant organisations with a request for information on sites and site contacts. Between 2000 and 2002, land managers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CATAIR Appendix
    CBP and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: PGA April 24, 2020 Pub # 0875-0419 Contents Table of Changes ............................................................................................................................................4 PG01 – Agency Program Codes .................................................................................................................... 18 PG01 – Government Agency Processing Codes ............................................................................................. 22 PG01 – Electronic Image Submitted Codes.................................................................................................... 26 PG01 – Globally Unique Product Identification Code Qualifiers .................................................................... 26 PG01 – Correction Indicators* ...................................................................................................................... 26 PG02 – Product Code Qualifiers.................................................................................................................... 28 PG04 – Units of Measure .............................................................................................................................. 30 PG05 – Scie nt if ic Spec ies Code .................................................................................................................... 31 PG05 – FWS Wildlife Description Codes .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Environmental Benefits Supplied by Agri-Environment Schemes
    A review of environmental benefits supplied by agri-environment schemes FST20/79/041 Nigel Boatman, Carmel Ramwell, Hazel Parry, Naomi Jones, Julie Bishop, Peter Gaskell, Christopher Short, Jane Mills & Janet Dwyer 15 August 2008 www.lupg.org.uk The Land Use Policy Group The Land Use Policy Group (LUPG) of the UK statutory nature conservation, countryside and environment agencies comprises the Countryside Council for Wales, Natural England, Environment Agency, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Joint Nature Conservation Committee and Scottish Natural Heritage. The LUPG aims to advise on policy matters of common concern related to agriculture, woodlands and other rural land uses. It seeks to improve understanding of the pros and cons of policy mechanisms related to land use, particularly farming and forestry; to develop a common view of desirable reforms to existing policies; and to promote these views. www.lupg.org.uk Countryside Council for Wales The Countryside Council for Wales champions the environment and landscapes of Wales and its coastal waters as sources of natural and cultural riches, as a foundation for economic and social activity, and as a place for leisure and learning opportunities. It aims to make the environment a valued part of everyone's life in Wales. www.ccw.gov.uk Natural England Natural England is the statutory body working to conserve and enhance England's natural environment, for its intrinsic value, the wellbeing and enjoyment of people and the economic prosperity that it brings. Its role is to ensure that England's unique natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils are protected and improved.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock Crops & Stick Making
    GOWER AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 8 SUNDAY 5th AUGUST 2018 Penrice Castle Park, Reynoldston, Gower GROWINGLIVESTOCK CROPS & STICK MAKING SHOWGROUND HOLDING NO: 59/152/8002 www.gowershow.co.uk GOWER AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY SECTION SECRETARIES For further information or other section schedules please contact the relevant Secretary: Schedules can also be downloaded from www.gowershow.co.uk Livestock Miss Sian Tucker (and enquiries) The Beeches, Horton, Gower SA3 1LB Tel: 01792 390207/07812 109555 Eve: 01792 390186 Sticks Mr G Davies Mas y Deri, Mwrw Road, Llangennech, Llanelli SA14 8YR Tel: 01554 821003 Crops Mr Richard Gordon Ilston Green, Ilston, Gower, SA2 7LD Tel: 01792 371222 Horses Mrs K Bowdler 27 Elba Street, Gowerton, Swansea SA4 3EE Tel: 01792 873514 Trade Stands Mr John Furneaux (and enquiries) Thurba Cottage, Rhossili, Gower SA3 1PH Tel: 01792 390754 Horticulture Mrs E Gordon Ilston Green, Ilston, Gower SA2 7LD Tel: 01792 371222 Open Cookery Mrs D Furneaux Thurba Cottage, Rhossili SA3 1PH Tel: 01792 390754 Poultry Mr P Tucker The Beach, Beach Road, Penclawdd SA4 3YN Tel: 01792 850496 Thanks for the photo’s to David Bailey (www.davidbaileyphotographywales.co.uk) & Ms S Tucker. 2 GOWER AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY LIST OF JUDGES CATTLE Welsh Black : TBA Hereford: TBA Beef Cattle British : Mr Edd Morgan, Llysnewydd, Cilycwm, Llandovery Beef Cattle Continental: Mr John Leyshon, Cefn Faes Farm, Bryn Coch, Neath Commercial Cattle: Mr John Leyshon, Cefn Faes Farm, Bryn Coch, Neath Dairy Cattle: Mr Geraint Thomas, Tyreglwys Farm, Llangennech, Llanelli
    [Show full text]
  • ATIC1294 {By Email}
    Animal and Plant Health Agency F 01932 357608 Access to Information Team Weybourne Building Ground Floor www.gov.uk/apha Woodham Lane New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB Our Ref: ATIC1294 {By Email} 17 April 2018 Dear PROVISION OF REQUESTED INFORMATION Thank you for your request for information about bovine Tb in rare breeds which we received on 18 March 2018. Your request has been handled under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) The information you requested and our response is detailed below: ‘I am looking into the impact bovine TB has on traditional/rare breeds of cattle in the United Kingdom. I should be very grateful if you could provide me with the following information:’ ‘Number of cattle of the breeds listed below (pure bred) compulsorily slaughtered as reactors or direct contacts in 2016 and 2017 and if possible, listed by region’ 1) Beef Shorthorn Breed code BSH 2) Whitebred Shorthorn " WS 3) British White " BW 4) Devon " DEV 5) Dexter " DEX 6) Gloucester " GL 7) Guernsey " GU 8) Hereford " HE 9) Jersey " JE 10) Lincoln Red " LR 11) Red Poll " RP 12) South Devon " SD 13) Sussex " SU 14) Welsh Black " WB 15) White Park " WP 16) English Longhorn " LH The Animal and Plant Health Agency is an Executive Agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs working to safeguard animal and plant health for the benefit of people, the environment and the economy. The information you have requested has been placed on a spreadsheet and attached to our reply as Appendix 1. N.B.
    [Show full text]
  • DEFRA Blanket Bog Review V021107
    Review of Blanket Bog Management and Restoration TECHNICAL REPORT TO DEFRA PROJECT No. CTE0513 H O’Brien, J C Labadz & D P Butcher Nottingham Trent University School of Animal Rural & Environmental Sciences Brackenhurst Southwell NG25 0QF [email protected] 01636 817017 April 2007 CONTENTS 1 Introduction............................................................................................ 9 1.1 Principal Aims.................................................................................. 9 1.2 Objectives....................................................................................... 9 2 Methodology ......................................................................................... 10 2.1 Published Literature ....................................................................... 10 2.2 Grey Literature .............................................................................. 10 2.3 Interviews..................................................................................... 10 3 Blanket Bog: Definition, Classification and Characteristics........................... 12 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 12 3.2 Definition of Blanket Bog ................................................................ 12 3.3 Classification of Blanket Bogs .......................................................... 14 3.4 Blanket Bog Formation ................................................................... 16 3.5 Hydrology of Blanket Bogs .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • "First Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources"
    Country Report of Australia for the FAO First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1 ASSESSING THE STATE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY THE FARM ANIMAL SECTOR IN AUSTRALIA.................................................................................7 1.1 OVERVIEW OF AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND RELATED ANIMAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. ......................................................................................................7 Australian Agriculture - general context .....................................................................................7 Australia's agricultural sector: production systems, diversity and outputs.................................8 Australian livestock production ...................................................................................................9 1.2 ASSESSING THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY..............10 Major agricultural species in Australia.....................................................................................10 Conservation status of important agricultural species in Australia..........................................11 Characterisation and information systems ................................................................................12 1.3 ASSESSING THE STATE OF UTILISATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN AUSTRALIA. ........................................................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Historic, Archived Document Do Not Assume Content Reflects Current
    Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.—CIRCULAR NO. 104. A D. MELVIN, CHIEF OF BUREAU. WELSH BLACK CATTLK.' By JOHN ROBERTS, Of the Editorial Office, Bureau of Animal Industry. INTRODUCTION. The Welsh breed of cattle is considered a very valuable one in Great Britain. The cows are good milkers, but the breed is chiefly famous for its feeding qualities and the admitted excellence of the carcass, the latter being a prime favorite with English butchers. If we grant that the modern beef animal should be considered mainly from the point of view of economy in production, the above characteristics of the Welsh breed seem to entitle it to consideration. Youatt, writing of Welsh cattle seventy years ago, said: Great Britain does not afford a more useful animal. * * * They combine to a considerable degree, and as far, perhaps, as they can be combined, the two opposite qualities of being very fair milkers with a propensity to fatten. The meat is generally beautifully marbled. It is equal to that of the Scotch cattle, and some epicures prefer it. They thrive in every situation. They will live where others starve, and they will rapidly outstrip most others when they have plenty of good pasture. * * * Great numbers of them are brought to the London market. They stand their journey well and find a ready sale, for they rarely disappoint the butcher, but on the contrary prove better than appearance and touch indicate. The above description seems to apply equally well to the present day.
    [Show full text]
  • NFNPA 436/13 27 June 2013 Chief Executive’S Report
    New Forest National Park Authority Meeting NFNPA 436/13 27 June 2013 Chief Executive’s Report NFNPA 436/13 NEW FOREST NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY AUTHORITY MEETING – 27 June 2013 CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S REPORT Report by: Alison Barnes, Chief Executive Summary: This report covers the period since the Authority meeting on 28 March 2013. The report has been formatted to accord with the ‘Protect, Enjoy, Prosper and Aiming for Excellence’ themes from the 2011-15 Business Plan, summarised below: Protect Enjoy Prosper Our priorities: Our priorities: Our priorities: . Enhancing the Forest’s . Enabling high quality . Supporting a distinctive landscapes and experiences of the local economy habitats National Park . Improving affordable . Achieving excellence in . Improving understanding housing provision development and of the special qualities of planning the National Park . Promoting sustainable transport . Conserving strong local . Agreeing positive distinctiveness and the recreation management . Encouraging character of the historic sustainable living environment . Leading on education about the New Forest . Encouraging environmentally sustainable land management Aiming for Excellence In all we do: . seeking to provide the highest quality of service . working closely with others in championing the Forest . achieving an efficient and high performing organisation Recommendation: To note the report Contact: Alison Barnes Tel: 01590 646633, Email: [email protected] Equality & Diversity Implications: There are no equality or diversity implications arising directly from this report. New Forest National Park Authority Meeting NFNPA 436 /13 27 June 2013 Chief Executive’s Report NFNPA 436/13 NEW FOREST NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY AUTHORITY MEETING – 27 JUNE 2013 CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S REPORT Report by: Alison Barnes, Chief Executive INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW As the spring becomes summer, work on improving the natural environment on a large scale, focusing across the National Park and beyond its boundaries, is making real progress on the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer.Doc Revised from 10/03/02
    Save No. 91 Printed 10/03/02 10:33 AM Gazetteer.doc Revised From 10/03/02 Gazetteer compiled by E J Wiseman Abbots Ann SU 3243 Bighton Lane Watercress Beds SU 5933 Abbotstone Down SU 5836 Bishop's Dyke SU 3405 Acres Down SU 2709 Bishopstoke SU 4619 Alice Holt Forest SU 8042 Bishops Sutton Watercress Beds SU 6031 Allbrook SU 4521 Bisterne SU 1400 Allington Lane Gravel Pit SU 4717 Bitterne (Southampton) SU 4413 Alresford Watercress Beds SU 5833 Bitterne Park (Southampton) SU 4414 Alresford Pond SU 5933 Black Bush SU 2515 Amberwood Inclosure SU 2013 Blackbushe Airfield SU 8059 Amery Farm Estate (Alton) SU 7240 Black Dam (Basingstoke) SU 6552 Ampfield SU 4023 Black Gutter Bottom SU 2016 Andover Airfield SU 3245 Blackmoor SU 7733 Anton valley SU 3740 Blackmoor Golf Course SU 7734 Arlebury Lake SU 5732 Black Point (Hayling Island) SZ 7599 Ashlett Creek SU 4603 Blashford Lakes SU 1507 Ashlett Mill Pond SU 4603 Blendworth SU 7113 Ashley Farm (Stockbridge) SU 3730 Bordon SU 8035 Ashley Manor (Stockbridge) SU 3830 Bossington SU 3331 Ashley Walk SU 2014 Botley Wood SU 5410 Ashley Warren SU 4956 Bourley Reservoir SU 8250 Ashmansworth SU 4157 Boveridge SU 0714 Ashurst SU 3310 Braishfield SU 3725 Ash Vale Gravel Pit SU 8853 Brambridge SU 4622 Avington SU 5332 Bramley Camp SU 6559 Avon Castle SU 1303 Bramshaw Wood SU 2516 Avon Causeway SZ 1497 Bramshill (Warren Heath) SU 7759 Avon Tyrrell SZ 1499 Bramshill Common SU 7562 Backley Plain SU 2106 Bramshill Police College Lake SU 7560 Baddesley Common SU 3921 Bramshill Rubbish Tip SU 7561 Badnam Creek (River
    [Show full text]
  • New Forest Wetland Management Plan 2006
    LIFE 02 NAT/UK/8544 New Forest Wetland Management Plan Plate 1 Dry stream bed of Fletchers Brook - August 2005 3.18 LIFE 02 NAT/UK/8544 New Forest Wetland Management Plan Table 3-8: Flow Statistics Lymington Hampshire Avon (R. Lymington Tributaries at Brockenhurst) (Dockens Water) Catchment Size 98.9 km2 17.15 km2 Permeability Mixed permeability Low to Mixed permeability Mean Annual rainfall (1961-90) 854 mm 831 mm Elevation 8.4-117.7m - Mean flow 1.06 m3s-1 0.26 m3s-1 95% exceedance (Q95) 0.052 m3s-1 0.047 m3s-1 10% exceedance (Q10) 2.816 m3s-1 0.592 m3s-1 Source: Centre of Ecology & Hydrology 3.4.5 Flow patterns Flow patterns are characterised by glides (slow flowing water), riffles (medium flowing water) and runs (fast flowing water). Life 3 studies in the Blackwater and Highland Water sub-catchments found that glides tend be to the most common form of flow followed by riffles and runs. Pools (still water) are noticeably rare in modified reaches being replaced by glides or runs. Pools where they occur are usually found at meander bends apices. Cascades and small water falls also occur at the faces of debris dams. Channelisation tends to affect the flow type in that it reduces the number of pools. Dominant flow types for the Highland Water and Black Water are shown in Figure 10. It is probable that a similar pattern would be found in the other river catchments. 3.4.6 Bank & bed material Bank material is made up of clay, fines, sand and gravel.
    [Show full text]
  • Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation Sincs Hampshire.Pdf
    Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) within Hampshire © Hampshire Biodiversity Information Centre No part of this documentHBIC may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recoding or otherwise without the prior permission of the Hampshire Biodiversity Information Centre Central Grid SINC Ref District SINC Name Ref. SINC Criteria Area (ha) BD0001 Basingstoke & Deane Straits Copse, St. Mary Bourne SU38905040 1A 2.14 BD0002 Basingstoke & Deane Lee's Wood SU39005080 1A 1.99 BD0003 Basingstoke & Deane Great Wallop Hill Copse SU39005200 1A/1B 21.07 BD0004 Basingstoke & Deane Hackwood Copse SU39504950 1A 11.74 BD0005 Basingstoke & Deane Stokehill Farm Down SU39605130 2A 4.02 BD0006 Basingstoke & Deane Juniper Rough SU39605289 2D 1.16 BD0007 Basingstoke & Deane Leafy Grove Copse SU39685080 1A 1.83 BD0008 Basingstoke & Deane Trinley Wood SU39804900 1A 6.58 BD0009 Basingstoke & Deane East Woodhay Down SU39806040 2A 29.57 BD0010 Basingstoke & Deane Ten Acre Brow (East) SU39965580 1A 0.55 BD0011 Basingstoke & Deane Berries Copse SU40106240 1A 2.93 BD0012 Basingstoke & Deane Sidley Wood North SU40305590 1A 3.63 BD0013 Basingstoke & Deane The Oaks Grassland SU40405920 2A 1.12 BD0014 Basingstoke & Deane Sidley Wood South SU40505520 1B 1.87 BD0015 Basingstoke & Deane West Of Codley Copse SU40505680 2D/6A 0.68 BD0016 Basingstoke & Deane Hitchen Copse SU40505850 1A 13.91 BD0017 Basingstoke & Deane Pilot Hill: Field To The South-East SU40505900 2A/6A 4.62
    [Show full text]
  • Farming – Bringing Wales Together
    Farming – Bringing Wales Together An illustration of how Welsh agriculture delivers the Well-being of Future Generations Act FOREWoRD Agriculture’s contribution to the economic, environmental, resources, providing the stunning backdrop – our treasured social and cultural well-being of Wales is unrivalled. Welsh landscape – for the tourism and recreation sector in Farming’s impression on Wales’ landscape, heritage and Wales, worth over £2.8bn. sense of place over generations is unsurpassed. Through Welsh farmers are also the essence of Wales’ culture and this document, NFU Cymru is proud to showcase every community. The prevalence of the Welsh language within aspect of what farming means to Wales - the significance of the farming sector is higher than in any other sector, the sector to all aspects of Welsh life. keeping the language alive in many rural populations Framed around the seven well-being goals enshrined in across Wales. Members of the agricultural industry are often the Well-being of Future Generations Act 2015, NFU Cymru at the heart of many rural communities across the country, has sourced case studies from within its membership, each as part of community groups, or in voluntary or leadership demonstrating the specific contributions the industry roles throughout rural Wales. makes to the well-being of the people of Wales and further Through ‘Farming- Bringing Wales Together’, NFU Cymru afield, now and in the future. provides a snapshot of the important work done by farmers These real life, everyday examples of innovation, across Wales and their contribution to the economic, commitment and sheer hard work taking place on farms environmental, social and cultural well-being of Wales.
    [Show full text]