The Clavicle

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This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. The Clavicle o The clavicle is an S-shaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle o It articulates proximally with the sternum and distally with the acromion of scapula o Bony features include: . Acromial facet . Sternal facet . Impression for costoclavicular ligament . Subclavian groove . Conoid tubercle . Trapezoid line o Right clavicle Smooth superior surface of the shaft, under the platysma muscle Deltoid tubercle: attachment of the deltoid Acromial facet Conoid tubercle, attachment of the conoid ligament which is the medial part of the Sternal facet coracoclavicular ligament Subclavian groove: site of attachment of the subclavius muscle Acromial facet Impression for the Trapezoid line, attachment of the costoclavicular ligament Rough inferior surface of the trapezoid ligament which binds the clavicle to shaft, over the first rib which is the lateral part of the the first rib coracoclavicular ligament FACTOIDS - Its occasionally pierced by a branch of the supraclavicular nerve - thicker and more curved in manual workers - weakest part is the junction of the middle and lateral thirds: most commonly fractured; more common in children - after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial fragment of the clavicle, and the shoulder drops. - The lateral fragment of the clavicle gets pulled medially by the arm adductors, eg. pectoralis major - THE CLAVICLE IS THE FIRST LONG BONE TO OSSIFY in the embryo (5th-6th week) - Protects the neurovascular bundle supplying the upper arm, forming a bony boundary of the cervical canal - Transmits traumatic impact force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton - Contains NO MEDULLARY CAVITY - .

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Skeleton of the Upper Limb
SKELETON OF THE UPPER LIMB L E C T U R E 2 D E N T I S T R Y 2016 RNDR. MICHAELA RAČANSKÁ, PH.D. Skeleton of the upper limb (ossa membri superioris) Thirty-four bones form the skeletal framework of each upper limb I. Shoulder girdle (cingulum membri superioris) Collar bone, clavicle – clavicula Shoulder blade – scapula II. Bones of free part of the upper limb (ossa membri superioris liberi) Arm bone – humerus Radius – radius Ulna – ulna Carpal bones – ossa carpi 8 Metacarpal bones – ossa metacarpi 5 Phalanges, hand digits – ossa digitorum manus 14 Sesamoid - 2 Clavicula (collar bone) Connects upper limb with the trunk Connection with the shoulder blade Connection with the breast bone Clavicula (collar bone) Medial end (sternal end) extremitas sternalis (facies articularis sternalis) sternal articular facet tuberositas costalis Costal tuberosity (impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis) (impression for costoclavicular ligament) Lateral (acromial) end extremitas acromialis (facies articularis acromialis) tuberositas coracoidea (tuberculum conoideum et linea trapezoidea) conoid tubercle + trapezoid line Side orientation Left one –superior view Left one –inferior view Fracture of the collar bone X-ray of a left clavicle fracture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle_fracture Scapula Connection to humerus, clavicle Margo: superior medialis lateralis angulus: superior, inferior, lateralis facies: costalis, dorsalis Facies costalis scapulae Lineae musculares (transverae) Fossa subscapularis Incisura scapulae (ligamentum transversum scapulae) Processus
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Applied anatomy of the shoulder girdle CHAPTER CONTENTS intra-articular disc, which is sometimes incomplete (menis- Osteoligamentous structures . e66 coid) and is subject to early degeneration. The joint line runs obliquely, from craniolateral to caudomedial (Fig. 2). Acromioclavicular joint . e66 Extra-articular ligaments are important for the stability of Sternoclavicular joint . e66 the joint and to keep the movements of the lateral end of the Scapulothoracic gliding mechanism . e67 clavicle within a certain range. Together they form the roof of Costovertebral joints . e68 the shoulder joint (see Standring, Fig. 46.14). They are the coracoacromial ligament – between the lateral border of the Muscles and their innervation . e69 coracoid process and the acromion – and the coracoclavicular Anterior aspect of the shoulder girdle . e69 ligament. The latter consists of: Posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle . e69 • The trapezoid ligament which runs from the medial Mobility of the shoulder girdle . e70 border of the coracoid process to the trapezoid line at the inferior part of the lateral end of the clavicle. The shoulder girdle forms the connection between the spine, • The conoid ligament which is spanned between the base the thorax and the upper limb. It contains three primary artic- of the coracoid process and the conoid tubercle just ulations, all directly related to the scapula: the acromioclavicu- medial to the trapezoid line. lar joint, the sternoclavicular joint and the scapulothoracic Movements in the acromioclavicular joint are directly related gliding surface (see Putz, Fig. 289). The shoulder girdle acts as to those in the sternoclavicular joint and those of the scapula. a unit: it cannot be functionally separated from the secondary This joint is also discussed inthe online chapter Applied articulations, i.e.
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Upper limb Lecture one Dr Amal Albtoosh LECTURE TOPIC NUMBER 1 Introduction, Bones of the shoulder and arm, forearm, hand 2 Fascial planes and muscles 3 brachial Plexus What is the limb? • Limb: a leg or arm of a human being The upper limb is a multijointed lever that is freely PROXIMAL movable on the trunk at the shoulder joint. At the distal end of the upper limb is the important organ, the hand. DISTAL Scapula: flat bone inverted triangle 3 borders Superior border medial border lateral border 3 angles superiomedial angle Superiolateral angle Inferior angle 3 Fossae supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa Subscapular fossa 3 processes spine Acromion coracoid 2 surfaces anterior posterior The superior border has a Suprascapular notch the lateral border has the glenoid cavity above the cavity - supra- glenoid tubercle below it infra-glenoid tubercle Clavicle The clavicle is the only long bone that lies in a horizontal position in the body The clavicle has three regions: the medial end: sternal end of the clavicle the lateral end: acromial end of the clavicleIt also serves as an attachment point for two ligaments: Conoid tubercle – attachment point of the conoid ligament, the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament. Trapezoid line – attachment point of the trapezoid ligament, the lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament. and the shaft: acts as a point of attachment for several muscles – deltoid, trapezius, Subclavius, Pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid and sternhyoid The humerus is the longest bone of the arm and is characterized by many distinct features that help to allow the upper extremity to move through a significant range of motion The following landmarks are found on the humerus: Head.
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Bones of the Upper Limb
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. Bones of the Upper Limb The Clavicle o The clavicle is an S-shaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle o It articulates proximally with the sternum and distally with the acromion of scapula o Bony features include: . Acromial facet . Sternal facet . Impression for costoclavicular ligament . Subclavian groove . Conoid tubercle . Trapezoid line o Right clavicle Smooth superior surface of the shaft, under the platysma muscle Deltoid tubercle: attachment of the deltoid Acromial facet Conoid tubercle, attachment of the conoid ligament which is the medial part of the Sternal facet coracoclavicular ligament Subclavian groove: site of attachment of the subclavius muscle Acromial facet Impression for the Trapezoid line, attachment of the costoclavicular ligament Rough inferior surface of the trapezoid ligament which binds the clavicle to shaft, over the first rib which is the lateral part of the the first rib coracoclavicular ligament FACTOIDS - Its occasionally pierced by a branch of the supraclavicular nerve - thicker and more curved in manual workers - weakest part is the junction of the middle and lateral thirds: most commonly fractured; more common in children - after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial fragment of the clavicle, and the shoulder drops. - The lateral fragment of the clavicle gets pulled medially by the arm adductors, eg. pectoralis major - THE CLAVICLE IS THE FIRST LONG BONE TO OSSIFY in the embryo (5th-6th week) - Protects the neurovascular bundle supplying the upper arm, forming a bony boundary of the cervical canal - Transmits traumatic impact force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton - Contains NO MEDULLARY CAVITY - This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
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Bones, Part 1: the Appendicular Skeleton
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides The Appendicular Skeleton prepared by Leslie Hendon University of Alabama, Birmingham • Pectoral girdle • Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk Pelvic girdle C H A P T E R • 8 • Attaches the lower limbs to the trunk Part 1 • Upper and lower limbs differ in function Bones, • Share the same structural plan Part 1: The Appendicular Skeleton Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Pectoral Girdle The Pectoral Girdle • Consists of the clavicle and the scapula • Provides attachment for many muscles that • Pectoral girdles do not quite encircle the move the upper limb body completely • Girdle is very light and upper limbs are • Medial end of each clavicle articulates with mobile the manubrium and first rib • Only clavicle articulates with the axial skeleton • Laterally—the ends of the clavicles join the • Socket of the shoulder joint (glenoid cavity) is scapulae shallow • Scapulae do not join each other or the axial • Good for flexibility, bad for stability skeleton Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Articulated Pectoral Girdle Clavicles Sternal (medial) Clavicle end Acromio- clavicular Scapula Posterior joint Anterior Acromial (lateral) end (b) Right clavicle, superior view Acromial end Anterior Trapezoid line Sternal end Posterior Tuberosity for PLAY Shoulder Conoid tubercle costoclavicular ligament (a) Articulated pectoral girdle (c) Right clavicle, inferior view Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8.1a Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8.1b, c 1 Scapulae Structures of the Scapula Acromion Suprascapular notch Superior border • Lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage Coracoid Superior process angle • Located between ribs 2–7 Glenoid cavity • Have three borders • Superior • Medial (vertebral) • Lateral (axillary) Subscapular Lateral border fossa • Have three angles Medial border • Lateral, superior, and inferior (a) Right scapula, anterior aspect Inferior angle Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Upper Extremities
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Ligaments and Joints of the Upper Limb
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. Ligaments and Joints of the Upper Limb Sternoclavicular joint Type of joint Saddle type synovial joint; but it functions like a ball-and-socket joint Interclavicular ligament ATYPICAL: fibrocartilage cover articular surfaces Articulating surfaces Articular disc Sternal facet of clavicle, clavicular facet of manubrium There is also an ARTICULAR DISC Articular capsule Surrounds the joint, including the clavicular epiphysis Attached to the articular disc Lined with synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid Ligaments Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments Interclavcular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Stability factors Costoclavicular ligament Not many muscles around, and the surfaces are incongruous, so the joint relies on the ligaments for stability. Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments reinforce it anteriorly and posteriorly Interclavicular ligament reinforces it superiorly Costoclavicular ligament reinforces it inferiorly Articular disc limits medial displacement Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Movements Articular disc: attached to the anterior and posterior Flexion, extension, rotation, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments movement, circumduction Blood supply Internal thoracic and subscapular arteries Nerve supply Nerve to subclavius Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Medial supraclavicular nerve All joint
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