DOCSLIB.ORG

Industrial Separation Processes Also of Interest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Industrial Separation Processes Also of Interest De Gruyter Graduate De Haan · Bosch Industrial Separation Processes Also of Interest Industrial Chemistry Benvenuto, 2014 ISBN 978-3-11-029589-4, e-ISBN 978-3-11-029590-0 Engineering Catalysis Murzin, 2013 ISBN 978-3-11-028336-5, e-ISBN 978-3-11-028337-2 Micro Process Engineering - Explained Fundamentals, Devices, Applications Dittmeyer, Brandner, Kraut, Pfeifer, 2013 ISBN 978-3-11-026538-5, e-ISBN 978-3-11-026635-1 Biorefinery From Biomass to Chemicals and Fuels Aresta, Dibenedetto, Dumeignil (Eds.), 2012 ISBN 978-3-11-026023-6, e-ISBN 978-3-11-026028-1 Green Processing and Synthesis Hessel, Volker (Editor-in-Chief) ISSN 2191-9542, e-ISSN 2191-9550 Reviews in Chemical Engineering Luss, Dan/Brauner, Neima (Editors-in-Chief) ISSN 0167-8299, e-ISSN 2191-0235 André B. de Haan · Hans Bosch Industrial Separation Processes Fundamentals DE GRUYTER Authors Prof. Dr. Ir. André B. de Haan Dr. Ir. Hans Bosch Eindhoven University of Technology University of Twente Dpt. of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Science & Technology Chemistry Drienerlolaan 5 PO Box 513 7522 NB Enschede 5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] This book has 222 figures and 18 tables. ISBN 978-3-11-030669-9 e-ISBN 978-3-11-030672-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. The publisher, together with the authors and editors, has taken great pains to ensure that all information presented in this work (programs, applications, amounts, dosages, etc.) reflects the standard of knowl- edge at the time of publication. Despite careful manuscript preparation and proof correction, errors can nevertheless occur. Authors, editors and publisher disclaim all responsibility and for any errors or omis- sions or liability for the results obtained from use of the information, or parts thereof, contained in this work. Typesetting: META Systems GmbH, Wustermark Printing and binding: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Preface This textbook is written originally to support the graduate course “Separation Technology” at the University of Twente and has been later also used at Eindhoven University of Technology and other institutions of higher education. Our main objective is to present an overview of the fundamentals underlying the most frequently used industrial separation methods. We focus on their physical principles and the basic computation methods that are required to assess their technical and economical feasibility for a given application. Thus, design calculations are limited to those required for the development of conceptual process schemes. To keep computational time within the limits of our course structure, most examples and exercises of homogeneous mixtures are limited to binary mixtures. The textbook is organized into three main parts. Separation processes for homogeneous mixtures are treated in the parts on equilibrium based molecular separations (Chapters 2–5) and rate-controlled molecular separations (Chapters 6–8). The part on mechanical separation technology presents in Chapters 9–11 an overview of the most important techniques for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures. In each chapter a short overview is given of the most commonly used equipment types. Only for gas-liquid contactors Chapter 4 goes into more detail about their design an operation because they are the most commonly used industrial contactors. Unique is Chapter 12, which considers the selection of an appropriate separation process for a given separation task. The design of separation processes can only be learned by doing. The most important aspects are the combination of the right material balances with the thermodynamic equilibrium relations and mass transport equations. To support you in applying the presented material, we have included exercises at the end of each chapter. Short answers are given at the end of this book; detailed solutions are given in a separate solution manual that is available at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1515/9783110306729_suppl. In the preparation of this book, a number of colleagues provided valuable comments and suggestions. Among these, we wish to acknowledge Wytze Meindersma (Eindhoven University of Technology), Boelo Schuur (University Twente) and Nieck Benes (University Twente). May, 2013 André B. de Haan Hans Bosch Contents 1 Characteristics of separation processes 1.1 Significance of separations ............................ 1 1.2 Characteristics of separation processes ..................... 4 1.2.1 Categorization ................................... 4 1.2.2 Separating agents ................................. 4 1.2.3 Separation factors ................................. 6 1.3 Industrial separation methods .......................... 7 1.3.1 Exploitable properties ............................... 7 1.3.2 Important molecular separations ......................... 9 1.4 Inherent selectivities ............................... 11 1.4.1 Equilibrium based processes ........................... 11 1.4.2 Rate controlled processes ............................. 12 2 Evaporation and distillation 2.1 Separation by evaporation ............................ 15 2.1.1 Introduction .................................... 15 2.1.2 Vapor-liquid equilibria .............................. 16 2.2 Separation by single-stage partial evaporation ................. 21 2.2.1 Differential distillation .............................. 21 2.2.2 Flash distillation .................................. 22 2.2.2.1 Specifying T and L/V ............................... 24 2.2.2.2 Specifying T and ptot ............................... 25 2.3 Multistage distillation ............................... 26 2.3.1 Distillation cascades ................................ 26 2.3.2 Column distillation ................................ 27 2.3.3 Feasible distillation conditions .......................... 29 2.3.4 External column balances ............................ 29 2.4 McCabe-Thiele analysis .............................. 30 2.4.1 Internal balances .................................. 30 2.4.1.1 Rectifying section ................................. 31 2.4.1.2 Stripping section .................................. 32 2.4.1.3 Feed stage considerations ............................. 33 2.4.1.4 Feed line ...................................... 35 2.4.2 Required number of equilibrium stages .................... 36 2.4.2.1 Graphical determination of stages and location of feed stage ........ 36 2.4.2.2 Limiting conditions ................................ 37 viii Contents 2.4.2.3 Fenske and underwood equations ........................ 40 2.4.2.4 Use of murphree efficiency ........................... 42 2.4.3 Energy requirements ............................... 43 2.5 Advanced distillation techniques ........................ 44 2.5.1 Batch distillation .................................. 44 2.5.2 Continuous separation of multiple product mixtures ............. 45 2.5.3 Separation of azeotropes ............................. 46 3 Absorption and stripping 3.1 Introduction .................................... 53 3.2 The aim of absorption .............................. 55 3.3 General design approach ............................. 56 3.4 Absorption and stripping equilibria ....................... 57 3.4.1 Gaseous solute solubilities ............................ 57 3.4.2 Minimum absorbent flow ............................. 59 3.5 Absorber and stripper design .......................... 60 3.5.1 Operating lines for absorption .......................... 60 3.5.2 Stripping analysis ................................. 64 3.5.3 Analytical kremser solution ........................... 65 3.6 Industrial absorbers ................................ 68 3.6.1 Packed columns .................................. 69 3.6.2 Plate columns ................................... 70 3.6.3 Spray and bubble columns ............................ 70 3.6.4 Comparison of absorption columns ....................... 71 4 General design of gas/liquid contactors 4.1 Introduction .................................... 77 4.2 Modeling mass-transfer .............................. 77 4.3 Plate columns ................................... 83 4.3.1 Dimensioning a tray column ........................... 85 4.3.2 Height of a tray column ............................. 86 4.3.3 Diameter of a tray column ............................ 91 4.4 Packed columns .................................. 97 4.4.1 Random packing .................................. 98 4.4.2 Structured packing ................................. 99 4.4.3 Dimensioning a packed column ......................... 100 4.4.4 Height of a packed column ............................ 101 4.4.5 Minimum column diameter ........................... 104 4.4.6 Pressure drop .................................... 106 4.5 Criteria for column selection ........................... 107 Contents ix 5 Liquid-liquid extraction 5.1 Liquid-liquid extraction .............................. 111 5.1.1 Introduction .................................... 111 5.1.2 Liquid-liquid equilibria .............................. 113 5.1.3 Solvent selection .................................. 115 5.2 Extraction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
    Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Introduction Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) is one of the so-called hyphenated analytical techniques. As the name implies, it is actually two techniques that are combined to form a single method of analyzing mixtures of chemicals. Gas chromatography separates the components of a mixture and mass spectroscopy characterizes each of the components individually. By combining the two techniques, an analytical chemist can both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate a solution containing a number of chemicals. Gas Chromatography In general, chromatography is used to separate mixtures of chemicals into individual components. Once isolated, the components can be evaluated individually. In all chromatography, separation occurs when the sample mixture is introduced (injected) into a mobile phase. In liquid chromatography (LC), the mobile phase is a solvent. In gas chromatography (GC), the mobile phase is an inert gas such as helium. The mobile phase carries the sample mixture through what is referred to as a stationary phase. The stationary phase is usually a chemical that can selectively attract components in a sample mixture. The stationary phase is usually contained in a tube of some sort called a column. Columns can be glass or stainless steel of various dimensions. The mixture of compounds in the mobile phase interacts with the stationary phase. Each compound in the mixture interacts at a different rate. Those that interact the fastest will exit (elute from) the column first. Those that interact slowest will exit the column last. By changing characteristics of the mobile phase and the stationary phase, different mixtures of chemicals can be separated.
    [Show full text]
  • Opportunities for Catalysis in the 21St Century
    Opportunities for Catalysis in The 21st Century A Report from the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES ADVISORY COMMITTEE SUBPANEL WORKSHOP REPORT Opportunities for Catalysis in the 21st Century May 14-16, 2002 Workshop Chair Professor J. M. White University of Texas Writing Group Chair Professor John Bercaw California Institute of Technology This page is intentionally left blank. Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................... v A Grand Challenge....................................................................................................... v The Present Opportunity .............................................................................................. v The Importance of Catalysis Science to DOE.............................................................. vi A Recommendation for Increased Federal Investment in Catalysis Research............. vi I. Introduction................................................................................................ 1 A. Background, Structure, and Organization of the Workshop .................................. 1 B. Recent Advances in Experimental and Theoretical Methods ................................ 1 C. The Grand Challenge ............................................................................................. 2 D. Enabling Approaches for Progress in Catalysis ..................................................... 3 E. Consensus Observations and Recommendations..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
    qualitative and quantitative analysis Russian scientist Tswett in 1906 used a glass columns packed with divided CaCO3(calcium carbonate) to separate plant pigments extracted by hexane. The pigments after separation appeared as colour bands that can come out of the column one by one. Tswett was the first to use the term "chromatography" derived from two Greek words "Chroma" meaning color and "graphein" meaning to write. Invention of Chromatography by M. Tswett Ether Chromatography Colors Chlorophyll CaCO3 5 *Definition of chromatography *Tswett (1906) stated that „chromatography is a method in which the components of a mixture are separated on adsorbent column in a flowing system”. *IUPAC definition (International Union of pure and applied Chemistry) (1993): Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary while the other moves in a definite direction. *Principles of Chromatography * Any chromatography system is composed of three components : * Stationary phase * Mobile phase * Mixture to be separated The separation process occurs because the components of mixture have different affinities for the two phases and thus move through the system at different rates. A component with a high affinity for the mobile phase moves quickly through the chromatographic system, whereas one with high affinity for the solid phase moves more slowly. *Forces Responsible for Separation * The affinity differences of the components for the stationary or the mobile phases can be due to several different chemical or physical properties including: * Ionization state * Polarity and polarizability * Hydrogen bonding / van der Waals’ forces * Hydrophobicity * Hydrophilicity * The rate at which a sample moves is determined by how much time it spends in the mobile phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Process Intensification in the Synthesis of Organic Esters : Kinetics
    PROCESS INTENSIFICATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC ESTERS: KINETICS, SIMULATIONS AND PILOT PLANT EXPERIMENTS By Venkata Krishna Sai Pappu A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chemical Engineering 2012 ABSTRACT PROCESS INTENSIFICATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC ESTERS: KINETICS, SIMULATIONS AND PILOT PLANT EXPERIMENTS By Venkata Krishna Sai Pappu Organic esters are commercially important bulk chemicals used in a gamut of industrial applications. Traditional routes for the synthesis of esters are energy intensive, involving repeated steps of reaction typically followed by distillation, signifying the need for process intensification (PI). This study focuses on the evaluation of PI concepts such as reactive distillation (RD) and distillation with external side reactors in the production of organic acid ester via esterification or transesterification reactions catalyzed by solid acid catalysts. Integration of reaction and separation in one column using RD is a classic example of PI in chemical process development. Indirect hydration of cyclohexene to produce cyclohexanol via esterification with acetic acid was chosen to demonstrate the benefits of applying PI principles in RD. In this work, chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetics were measured using batch reactors for Amberlyst 70 catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with cyclohexene to give cyclohexyl acetate. A kinetic model that can be used in modeling reactive distillation processes was developed. The kinetic equations are written in terms of activities, with activity coefficients calculated using the NRTL model. Heat of reaction obtained from experiments is compared to predicted heat which is calculated using standard thermodynamic data. The effect of cyclohexene dimerization and initial water concentration on the activity of heterogeneous catalyst is also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Process Modeling in Modelica
    Chemical Process Modeling in Modelica Ali Baharev Arnold Neumaier Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Wien Nordbergstraße 15, A-1090 Wien, Austria Abstract model creation involves only high-level operations on a GUI; low-level coding is not required. This is the Chemical process models are highly structured. Infor- desired way of input. Not surprisingly, this is also mation on how the hierarchical components are con- how it is implemented in commercial chemical process nected helps to solve the model efficiently. Our ulti- simulators such as Aspen PlusR , Aspen HYSYSR or mate goal is to develop structure-driven optimization CHEMCAD R . methods for solving nonlinear programming problems Nonlinear system of equations are generally solved (NLP). The structural information retrieved from the using optimization techniques. AMPL (FOURER et al. JModelica environment will play an important role in [12]) is the de facto standard for model representation the development of our novel optimization methods. and exchange in the optimization community. Many Foundations of a Modelica library for general-purpose solvers for solving nonlinear programming (NLP) chemical process modeling have been built. Multi- problems are interfaced with the AMPL environment. ple steady-states in ideal two-product distillation were We are aiming to create a ‘Modelica to AMPL’ con- computed as a proof of concept. The Modelica source verter. One could use the Modelica toolchain to create code is available at the project homepage. The issues the models conveniently on a GUI. After exporting the encountered during modeling may be valuable to the Modelica model in AMPL format, the already existing Modelica language designers. software environments (solvers with AMPL interface, Keywords: separation, distillation column, tearing AMPL scripts) can be used.
    [Show full text]
  • Taking Reactive Distillation to the Next Level of Process Intensification, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 553-558 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869093 554
    553 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 69, 2018 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Elisabetta Brunazzi, Eva Sorensen Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-66-2; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869093 Taking Reactive Distillation to the Next Level of Process Intensification Anton A. Kissa,b,*, Megan Jobsona a The University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Centre for Process Integration, Sackville Street, The Mill, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom b University of Twente, Sustainable Process Technology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands [email protected] Reactive distillation (RD) is an efficient process intensification technique that integrates catalytic chemical reaction and distillation in a single apparatus. The process is also known as catalytic distillation when a solid catalyst is used. RD technology has many key advantages such as reduced capital investment and significant energy savings, as it can surpass equilibrium limitations, simplify complex processes, increase product selectivity and improve the separation efficiency. But RD is also constrained by thermodynamic requirements (related to volatility differences and heat of reaction), overlapping of the reaction and distillation operating conditions, and the availability of catalysts that are active, selective and with sufficient longevity. This paper is the first to provide insights into novel reactive distillation technologies that combine RD principles with other intensified distillation technologies – e.g. dividing-wall columns, cyclic distillation, HiGee distillation, and heat integrated distillation column – potentially leading to new processes and applications. 1. Introduction Reactive distillation (RD) is one of the best success stories of process intensification technology – developed since the early 1920s – that made a strong positive impact in the chemical process industry (CPI).
    [Show full text]
  • Fractionation of Proteins with Two-Sided Electro-Ultrafiltration
    Journal of Biotechnology 128 (2007) 895–907 Fractionation of proteins with two-sided electro-ultrafiltration Tobias Kappler¨ ∗, Clemens Posten University of Karlsruhe, Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Division Bioprocess Engineering, Kaiserstr. 12, Geb. 30.70, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Received 7 June 2006; received in revised form 22 December 2006; accepted 2 January 2007 Abstract Downstream processing is a major challenge in bioprocess industry due to the high complexity of bio-suspensions itself, the low concentration of the product and the stress sensitivity of the valuable target molecules. A multitude of unit operations have to be joined together to achieve an acceptable purity and concentration of the product. Since each of the unit operations leads to a certain product loss, one important aim in downstream-research is the combination of different separation principles into one unit operation. In the current work a dead-end membrane process is combined with an electrophoresis operation. In the past this concept has proven successfully for the concentration of biopolymers. The present work shows that using different ultrafiltration membranes in a two-sided electro-filter apparatus with flushed electrodes brought significant enhancement of the protein fractionation process. Due to electrophoretic effects, the filtration velocity could be kept on a very high level for a long time, furthermore, the selectivity of a binary separation process carried out exemplarily for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LZ) could be greatly increased; in the current case up to a value of more than 800. Thus the new two-sided electro-ultrafiltration technique achieves both high product purity and short separation times.
    [Show full text]
  • CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING* Current Status and Future Directions
    [eJij9iviews and opinions CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING* Current Status and Future Directions M. P. DUDUKOVIC and petrochemical industry provided a fertile ground Washington University for further development of reaction engineering con­ St. Louis, MO 63130 cepts. The final cornerstone of this new discipline was laid in 1957 by the First Symposium on Chemical HEMICAL REACTIONS have been used by man­ Reaction Engineering [3] which brought together and C kind since time immemorial to produce useful synthesized the European point of view. The Amer­ products such as wine, metals, etc. Nevertheless, the ican and European schools of thought were not identi­ unifying principles that today we call chemical reac­ cal, but in time they converged into the subject matter tion engineering were not developed until relatively a that we know today as chemical reaction engineering, short time ago. During the decade of the 1940's (not or CRE. The above chronology led to the establish­ even half a century ago!) a transition was made from ment of CRE as an accepted discipline over the span descriptive industrial chemistry to the conceptual un­ of a decade and a half. This does not imply that all the ification of reaction processes and reactor types. The principles important in CRE were discovered then. pioneering work in this area of industrial practice was The foundation for CRE had already been established done by Denbigh [1] in England. Then in 1947, by the early work of Frank-Kamenteski, Damkohler, Hougen and Watson [2] published the first textbook Zeldovitch, etc., but at that time they represented in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Second Life for Reciprocating Compressors Compressor Upgrade and Revamp Index
    A second life for reciprocating compressors Compressor upgrade and revamp Index HOERBIGER upgrade and revamp dated compressors in ways that are tailored to the existing and future requirements in your industry. This increases the efficiency, reliability and environmental soundness of your compression system. Simply select the application most appropriate for your industry and we will provide more information to allow you to see the benefit of our services for yourself. Nr Industry Gas Compressor Country Short Description 1 Refinery N2 Nuovo Pignone Germany Manufacture cylinder and install reconditioned compressor 2 Refinery H2 Dresser-Rand Germany Increase capacity and install HydroCOM and RecipCOM 3 Refinery H2 Borsig Hungary Increase capacity 4 Chemical Plant Air Halberg Germany Engineer and manufacture crankcase 5 Refinery Natural gas Borsig UAE Engineer and manufacture crankcase and cylinder 6 Refinery CO2 Nuovo Pignone UK Old cylinder cracked: new cylinder designed / manufactured / installed 7 Chemical Plant H2, N2, Dujardin & France Engineer and manufacture piston and rod CO, CH4 Clark 8 Chemical Plant C2H4 Nuovo Pignone France Upgrade control to HydroCOM 9 Technical Gases N2 Burckhardt Switzer- Solve bearing problems: new crosshead Plant land 10 Natural Gas Plant Natural gas Borsig Germany Convert to new operating/process conditions 11 Refinery H2, CH4 Worthington Italy Install reconditioned compressor 12 Refinery H2 MB Halberstadt Germany Cylinder corrosion problems: new cylinder designed / manufactured / installed 13 Natural Gas
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules Yu-Chen Chang Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1996 Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of biomolecules Yu-chen Chang Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Chang, Yu-chen, "Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of biomolecules " (1996). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11366. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11366 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been rqjroduced fix>m the microfihn master. UMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, w^e others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afifect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send IMl a complete manuscript and there are misang pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Separations Development and Application (WBS 2.4.1.101) U.S
    Separations Development and Application (WBS 2.4.1.101) U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2017 Project Peer Review James D. (“Jim”) McMillan NREL March 7, 2017 Biochemical Conversion Session This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. Project Goal Overall goal: Define, develop and apply separation processes to enable cost- effective hydrocarbon fuel / precursor production; focus on sugars and fuel precursor streams; lipids pathway shown. Outcome: Down selected proven, viable methods for clarifying and concentrating the sugar intermediates stream and for recovering lipids from oleaginous yeast that pass “go” criteria (i.e., high yield, scalable, and cost effective). Relevance: Separations are key to overall process integration and economics; often represent ≥ 50% of total process costs; performance/efficiency can make or break process viability. Separations this project investigates – sugar stream clarification and concentration, and recovery of intracellular lipids from yeast – account for 17-26% of projected Minimum Fuel Selling Price (MFSP) for the integrated process. 2 Project Overview • Cost driven R&D to assess/develop/improve key process separations - Sugar stream separations: S/L, concentrative and polishing - Fuel precursor recovery separations: oleaginous yeast cell lysis and LLE lipid recovery • Identify and characterize effective methods - Show capability to pass relevant go/no-go criteria (e.g., high yield, low cost, scalable) • Exploit in situ separation for process intensification - Enable Continuous Enzymatic Hydrolysis (CEH) • Generate performance data to develop / refine process TEAs and LCAs 3 Separations Technoeconomic Impact $1.78 $2.18 $1.43 $0.79 4 Quad Chart Overview Timeline Barriers Primary focus on addressing upstream and Start: FY 15 (Oct., ‘14) downstream separations-related barriers: End: FY 17 (Sept., ‘17; projected) – Ct-G.
    [Show full text]
  • Process Filtration & Water Treatment
    Process Filtration & Water Treatment Solutions for Chemical Production Contents ContentsFiltration for Chemicals ............................................ 3 Simplified Setup at a Chemical Plant ...................... 4 Raw Material Filtration Raw Material Filtration ............................................... 6 Recommended Products ........................................... 7 Clarification Stage Chemical Clarification ................................................. 8 Recommended Products ........................................... 9 Final Filtration Final Chemical Filtration .......................................... 10 Recommended Products ......................................... 11 Process Water and Boiler Feed Setup Process Water and Boiler Feed Setup ................... 12 Chemical Compatibility ............................................ 14 For T&C's, Terms of Use and Copyright, please see www.fileder.co.uk For T&C's, Terms of Use and Copyright, please visit www.fileder.co.uk Filtration for Chemicals Filtration is all important in the market of chemical and petrochemical production, ensuring product quality and lowering production costs. Over 4 decades, Fileder has been working within these industries learning the key challenges and developing a vast product portfolio, able to tackle even the most challenging requirements. Chemicals for Filtration Chemical plants are highly sensitive to contaminants and the quality of raw materials used to produce the desired chemical can influence this. Even the smallest fluctuation in
    [Show full text]