DOCSLIB.ORG

THE INFLUENCE of FLAGSHIP SPECIES on <I>IN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE INFLUENCE of FLAGSHIP SPECIES on <I>IN Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 8-2012 THE INFLUENCE OF FLAGSHIP SPECIES ON IN SITU AND EX SITU WILDLIFE TOURISTS' CONNECTION TO WILDLIFE AND PRO-CONSERVATION BEHAVIORS Jeffrey Skibins Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Skibins, Jeffrey, "THE INFLUENCE OF FLAGSHIP SPECIES ON IN SITU AND EX SITU WILDLIFE TOURISTS' CONNECTION TO WILDLIFE AND PRO-CONSERVATION BEHAVIORS" (2012). All Dissertations. 991. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/991 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INFLUENCE OF FLAGSHIP SPECIES ON IN SITU AND EX SITU WILDLIFE TOURISTS’ CONNECTION TO WILDLIFE AND PRO-CONSERVATION BEHAVIORS A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management by Jeffrey Craig Skibins August 2012 Accepted by: Dr. Robert B. Powell, Committee Chair Dr. William W. Bowerman, IV Dr. Jeffrey C. Hallo Dr. Brett A. Wright i ABSTRACT Annually, millions of tourists visit natural areas and zoos primarily to view flagship species such as lions and elephants. Venues rely on the inherent charisma of these species to increase visitation and anchor conservation efforts. Expected visitor outcomes from the use of flagships include raised levels of awareness and pro- conservation behaviors. However, the role of flagships in wildlife tourism has been criticized for not delivering conservation benefits for species of interest or biodiversity, and producing negative site impacts. Furthermore, little is known about how the connection to a species influences conservation behaviors. This dissertation addresses this gap in knowledge by extending previous work exploring flagship-based wildlife tourism to include the emotional connection formed with a species and pro-conservation behaviors for individual species and biodiversity. This dissertation represents a substantial contribution to the field because (a) it incorporates the role of the experience in understanding how tourists connect with a species and how this connection influences pro-conservation behaviors; and (b) is the first attempt to operationalize Conservation Caring as a measure of tourists’ connection with a species. Existing studies have investigated how specific elements, such as interpretation or species’ morphology may influence programmatic goals or awareness. However, awareness is a poor measure of an emotional connection with an animal. Furthermore, there has not been work done to address the holistic nature of the wildlife viewing experience, and its subsequent influence on behaviors. ii In situ study sites consisted of several national parks from the northern circuit in Tanzania. Ex situ sites consisted of two zoos and one aquarium in the U.S. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data. Results support the validity of Conservation Caring as a factor; the ability of in situ and ex situ wildlife tourism to influence Conservation Caring; and that this connection is a strong predictor of pro-conservation behaviors. These findings suggest wildlife tourism can deliver conservation outcomes. The studies in this dissertation also provide a valuable framework for structuring wildlife tourism experiences to align with flagship related conservation outcomes, and exploring a wider assemblage of species as potential flagships. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my wife Lucy and our three children, Faith, Ethan, and Zoe. This would not have been possible without your unending love, support, and patience. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank several people for their help in bringing this project to completion. Dr. Robert Powell, committee chair, provided support and guidance, and challenged me to be a better scholar. Drs. Jeffrey Hallo, Brett Wright, and William Bowerman brought great insights and practicalities to the process and design. I am grateful for all of the encouragement and patience from all of these individuals. For service above and beyond the call of duty, I would like to recognize Dr. Dewayne Moore for providing guidance on data analysis, and Drs. Susanna Curtin and Carol Saunders for their assistance in survey development. Countless people contributed to the success of the field portion of this research. Much of this project would not have been possible without the generous financial support of Tourism Cares and Phi Kappa Phi. For assistance in Tanzania, I would like to thank the Tanzanian Tourism Board, KADCO, the Tanzanian National Parks, and Ngorongoro Crater Conservation Area for their contributions and support. I would also like to thank Geoff Lacher, Ken Backman, and Archleus Mgungus for their insights on all things Tanzania. I am grateful to Brookfield Zoo, Shedd Aquarium, and Zoo Atlanta for their on-going dedication to conservation and support of this study. Additionally, I am thankful for all of the support I received from Matt Brownlee, Elizabeth Chivers, Cindy Hartman, and Patrick Holladay. Finally, to my wife Lucy and my quiver of arrows Faith, Ethan, and Zoe this is for you. Your support and dedication to this process was unwavering. I am forever grateful. Soli Deo Gloria v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 Problem Statement ................................................................................... 6 Research Questions .................................................................................. 6 Research Sites .......................................................................................... 7 Document Structure ................................................................................. 8 II. CONTEXT, CHARISMA, AND CONSERVATION: THE INFLUENCE OF CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA ON IN SITU AND EX SITU WILDLIFE TOURISTS’ PRO-CONSERVATION BEHAVIORS ................................................. 9 Introduction .............................................................................................. 9 Literature Review................................................................................... 11 Wildlife Tourism ............................................................................... 11 Charismatic Megafauna Characteristics ............................................ 13 Charismatic Megafauna as Flagship Species .................................... 14 Interactional Theory .......................................................................... 15 Study Objectives ................................................................................ 18 Study Sites ......................................................................................... 18 Methods.................................................................................................. 21 Survey Instrument Development ....................................................... 21 vi Table of Contents (Continued) Page Survey Sites & Sampling Procedure ................................................. 24 Analyses ............................................................................................ 27 Results .................................................................................................... 31 Survey Sample Description ............................................................... 31 Preliminary Measurement Model ...................................................... 31 Test of Factorial Invariance across Zoo Sample ............................... 34 Test of Factorial Invariance between Safari and Zoo Tourists ......... 34 Test of Causal Invariance between Safari and Zoo Tourists ............. 35 Influence of the CMF Viewing Experience on Conservation Caring and Pro-Conservation Behaviors ..................... 38 Latent Mean Differences and Disturbances ...................................... 39 Discussion .............................................................................................. 44 Influence of the CMF Viewing Experience on Tourist-based Conservation Outcomes ........................................ 44 Role of Existing Connection to Wildlife on Conservation Outcomes46 Role of Experiential Factors on Conservation Outcomes ................. 47 Comparison of Experiential Factors and Conservation Outcomes between In Situ and Ex Situ Tourists ......... 48 Implications for Designating Flagship Species ................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Charismatic Megafauna
    KIDS CORNER CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA This document aims to teach you about megafauna. This presentation has the following structure: Slide 1 - What Are Megafauna? Slide 2 - Charismatic Megafauna Slide 3 - Megafauna Extinction Theories Slide 4 - Timeline Slide 5 - Living Megafauna Slide 6 - Extinct Australian Megafauna Slide 7 - Extinct African Megafauna Slide 8 - Case Study: Diprotodon optatum Slide 9 - Australian Curriculum Mapping KIDS CORNER CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA What Are Megafauna? Combining the Latin words for “large” (mega) and “animals” (fauna) creates the word “megafauna.” Megafauna are the largest animals on Earth – the ones that dominate the landscape during the time in which they live. Dinosaurs were certainly the megafauna of their time. And after the dinosaurs all died off in the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period, new megafauna arose. They looked a lot like their modern descendants but were much bigger. Imagine wombats the size of a compact car, birds that stood taller than a human being, or snakes that make modern pythons look puny. Scientists consider animals that weigh more than 44 kilograms as adults to be megafauna. The term applies not only to mammals, but also to birds, reptiles, and amphibians—in short, all vertebrates, or animals with a backbone. By that definition, there are plenty of megafauna walking the Earth and swimming in its oceans today. Gorillas, elephants, and whales are prime examples. KIDS CORNER CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA Charismatic Megafauna The word “charismatic” means “charming” or “fascinating.” Conservationists coined the term “charismatic megafauna” during the 1980s to acknowledge that people find large animals very interesting, especially large animals that exhibit endearing or intriguing behaviour.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Climate Change on a Tropical Carnivore: from Individual to Species
    The Impact of Climate Change on a Tropical Carnivore: From Individual to Species Daniella Dakin Rabaiotti A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UCL 2 Declaration I, Daniella Rabaiotti, confirm the work presented in this thesis is my own. The research was supported by NERC through the London NERC DTP. All data analysis data visualisation and modelling was done by Daniella Rabaiotti. Tim Coulson provided training in individual based modelling. Mike Croucher assisted in code optimisation for the individual based model. All chapters of this thesis were written by Daniella Rabaiotti, with guidance and comments from Rosie Woodroffe and Richard Pearson. Tim Coulson provided comments on Chapter 4, and Rosemary Groom, J.W. McNutt and Jessica Watermeyer provided comments on Chapter 3. Data from Laikipia, Kenya, on wild dog survival and movements were collected by Rosie Woodroffe and the Kenya Rangelands Wild Dog and Cheetah Project. Data on wild dog mortality in Savé Valley, Zimbabwe were collected by Rosemary Groom and the Savé Valley team at the African Wildlife Conservation Fund. Data on wild dog mortality in the Okavango, Botswana, were collected by J.W. McNutt and the Botswana Predator Conservation Trust. Data on wild dog distributions were provided by the Rangewide Conservation Programme for Cheetah and African Wild Dogs. Cover art was designed by Daniella Rabaiotti and created by Selina Betts. Graphical abstracts were designed by Daniella Rabaiotti and Gaius J. Augustus and created by Gaius J. Augustus. 3 4 Abstract Climate change is impacting species globally. Predicting which species will be impacted, where, when, and by how much, is vital to conserve biodiversity in a warming world.
    [Show full text]
  • What Are “Charismatic Species” ? F
    1 / 8 What are “charismatic species” ? F. Ducarme. What are “charismatic species” for conservation biologists? Frédéric Ducarme, Gloria M. Luque, Franck Courchamp. Master BioSciences, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon. Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique & Evolution, CNRS,Université Paris XI. 2012-10-01 Keywords : Charismatic species, ecosystem management, adaptive management, endangered species, flagship species, indicator species, keystone species, umbrella species, culture, marketing. Current conservation biology often appeals to abstract concepts and models in order to embrace a wide reality with practical methods. Among these tools, there are different types of “focal” (or “surrogate”) species, like flagships, keystones, umbrellas or indicators, which all stand for a wider portion of biodiversity for different usages. These benchmarks are sometimes accused of being only “buzzwords” with few actual meaning or relevance, and are the subject of intense debate among conservationists. One of these terms, “charismatic species”, seems less debated, while it is widely used and does not seem to bear an obvious meaning. The purpose of this article is to draw a portrait of the use of this term in the conservation literature, and to sum up the debates it provokes and the problems it poses. We highlight that even if the actual signification of this concept lacks a consensus definition, the reality it indicates does exist and may have an underrated importance in biodiversity conservation. Introduction concept of charisma in conservation biology, and highlight its many meanings and controversial points. Conservation biology is usually defined as a holistic science [1], but biodiversity management often has to call for practical objectives. Conservation history shows Defining charisma and its role that it is impossible to measure or monitor all The term charisma sounds odd in such a research biodiversity, and even more when considering its state domain, as it has been borrowed from Latin and dynamics, so ecologists need proxies [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Risk Patterns of Freshwater Megafauna: a Global Perspective
    Diversity and risk patterns of freshwater megafauna: A global perspective Inaugural-Dissertation to obtain the academic degree Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in River Science Submitted to the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of Freie Universität Berlin By FENGZHI HE 2019 This thesis work was conducted between October 2015 and April 2019, under the supervision of Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries), Jun.-Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen), Dr. Alex Henshaw (Queen Mary University of London) and Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner (Freie Universität Berlin and Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries). The work was carried out at Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany and Queen Mary University of London, UK. 1st Reviewer: Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner Date of defense: 27.06. 2019 The SMART Joint Doctorate Programme Research for this thesis was conducted with the support of the Erasmus Mundus Programme, within the framework of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) SMART (Science for MAnagement of Rivers and their Tidal systems). EMJDs aim to foster cooperation between higher education institutions and academic staff in Europe and third countries with a view to creating centres of excellence and providing a highly skilled 21st century workforce enabled to lead social, cultural and economic developments. All EMJDs involve mandatory mobility between the universities in the consortia and lead to the award of recognised joint, double or multiple degrees. The SMART programme represents a collaboration among the University of Trento, Queen Mary University of London and Freie Universität Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ministry for the Future / Kim Stanley Robinson
    This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are the product of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events, locales, or persons, living or dead, is coincidental. Copyright © 2020 Kim Stanley Robinson Cover design by Lauren Panepinto Cover images by Trevillion and Shutterstock Cover copyright © 2020 by Hachette Book Group, Inc. Hachette Book Group supports the right to free expression and the value of copyright. The purpose of copyright is to encourage writers and artists to produce the creative works that enrich our culture. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book without permission is a theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like permission to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your support of the author’s rights. Orbit Hachette Book Group 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 www.orbitbooks.net First Edition: October 2020 Simultaneously published in Great Britain by Orbit Orbit is an imprint of Hachette Book Group. The Orbit name and logo are trademarks of Little, Brown Book Group Limited. The publisher is not responsible for websites (or their content) that are not owned by the publisher. The Hachette Speakers Bureau provides a wide range of authors for speaking events. To find out more, go to www.hachettespeakersbureau.com or call (866) 376-6591. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Robinson, Kim Stanley, author. Title: The ministry for the future / Kim Stanley Robinson. Description: First edition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sixth Great Extinction Donations Events "Soon a Millennium Will End
    The Rewilding Institute, Dave Foreman, continental conservation Home | Contact | The EcoWild Program | Around the Campfire About Us Fellows The Pleistocene-Holocene Event: Mission Vision The Sixth Great Extinction Donations Events "Soon a millennium will end. With it will pass four billion years of News evolutionary exuberance. Yes, some species will survive, particularly the smaller, tenacious ones living in places far too dry and cold for us to farm or graze. Yet we Resources must face the fact that the Cenozoic, the Age of Mammals which has been in retreat since the catastrophic extinctions of the late Pleistocene is over, and that the Anthropozoic or Catastrophozoic has begun." --Michael Soulè (1996) [Extinction is the gravest conservation problem of our era. Indeed, it is the gravest problem humans face. The following discussion is adapted from Chapters 1, 2, and 4 of Dave Foreman’s Rewilding North America.] Click Here For Full PDF Report... or read report below... Many of our reports are in Adobe Acrobat PDF Format. If you don't already have one, the free Acrobat Reader can be downloaded by clicking this link. The Crisis The most important—and gloomy—scientific discovery of the twentieth century was the extinction crisis. During the 1970s, field biologists grew more and more worried by population drops in thousands of species and by the loss of ecosystems of all kinds around the world. Tropical rainforests were falling to saw and torch. Wetlands were being drained for agriculture. Coral reefs were dying from god knows what. Ocean fish stocks were crashing. Elephants, rhinos, gorillas, tigers, polar bears, and other “charismatic megafauna” were being slaughtered.
    [Show full text]
  • Flagships Or Battleships: Deconstructing the Relationship Between Social Conflict and Conservation Flagship Species
    Flagships or Battleships Deconstructing the Relationship between Social Confl ict and Conservation Flagship Species Leo R. Douglas and Diogo Veríssimo Ⅲ ABSTRACT: Flagship species, common components of conservation programs, are fre- quently implicated in social confl icts. Th is article examines the multiple roles of fl ag- ships in confl icts including their part in human-wildlife confl icts and as symbols of broader sociopolitical disputes. Th e article shows that the relationship between the co-occurrence of confl ict and fl agship species, while complex, illuminates important patterns and lessons that require further attention. Th e article focuses on the most iconic fl agships globally and discusses why they are commonly shrouded in contro- versy in which their meaning, value, and place are contested. It argues that the process of socially constructing animals as iconic symbols oft en entangles them in confl ict, and saturates them with confl ict agency. Th e article recommends that any program that involves the deployment of fl agships should institutionalize analyses of their symbolic meaning as an essential confl ict-management approach. Ⅲ KEYWORDS: charismatic megafauna, fl agship species, human-wildlife confl ict, political symbolism, social marketing Confl icts involving wildlife are a central concern within conservation eff orts, both globally and locally (Knight 2000). Th ese confl icts are inherently complex because they frequently involve both disputes between groups of people about wild animals and undesirable interactions be- tween people and the animals. Th e species, landscapes, and ecosystems that conservation aims to conserve are themselves routinely socially constructed to be used as marketing and commu- nication tools to advance conservation’s objectives (Feldhamer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Abusement Parks in Bali, Lombok and Gili Trawangan
    Wildlife abusement parks Wildlife entertainment tourism in Bali, Lombok and Gili Trawangan Contents Executive Summary 4 Wildlife tourism entertainment in Bali, Lombok and Gili Trawangan 4 Scale of animal suffering 4 Keeping wild animals in the wild 4 Introduction 6 The impact on animal welfare 7 Life in captivity 7 Inadequate care for captive wild animals 7 Using captive wild animals for entertainment 8 Dolphins in Entertainment 9 Dolphin facts 9 Forced interactions 9 Capture and transportation 10 Housing captive dolphins 11 Sea Turtles in Entertainment 12 Sea turtle facts 12 Captive sea turtle tourism 12 Human health and environmental concerns 12 Elephants in Entertainment 13 Tourism demands 13 The breaking and training process 13 Other Wild Animals in Entertainment 15 Tigers in entertainment 15 Photo-prop wildlife 15 ‘Kopi Luwak’: The Impact of Cruel Coffee 16 Origins 16 Current situation 16 Scope and Methodology 17 Study scope 17 Assessment tools 18 Results 22 Elephants 22 Tigers 23 Dolphins 24 Primates 26 Turtles 27 Civets 28 Additional general findings – all venues 29 Conclusions 30 References 32 Cover image: Chained monkeys, a side attraction at a turtle venue. 2 3 Executive summary Across the world, and throughout Asia, wild animals are Scale of animal suffering We are opening conversations to help achieve lasting 100% of the venues visited with captive being taken from the wild, or bred in captivity, to be used in • Of the venues visited, 100% of those with captive wild change for wild animals – to move away from exploitation the tourism entertainment industry. They will suffer at every elephants, tigers, dolphins or civet cats, and 80% of to venues with animal welfare and protection at their core.
    [Show full text]
  • Opening Speech by the Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr Koji Kakizawa
    OPENING SPEECH BY THE PARLIAMENTARY VICE-MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, MR KOJI KAKIZAWA Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a great pleasure to open the eighth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), in the presence of the Chairman of the Standing Committee, and all the distinguished delegations, international organizations and representatives of NGOs, from more than 100 countries around the world. I would like to express my sincere gratitude on behalf of the Host Government of Japan for the tireless efforts made by the staff of the CITES Secretariat and all others concerned, as well as for the co-operation extended by the people of Kyoto, where the meeting is being held. Since the creation of life on this planet until this very day, human beings have witnessed the extinction of countless species of wild fauna and flora. In 1986, there were more than 10 million species of wildlife, of which, it is estimated, 3,000 species of fauna and 16,000 species of flora are now threatened with extinction. Some species may have perished due to inevitable changes occurring in the natural environment. However, there are many other species that have died out or have become endangered because of damage to their habitat or because they have been recklessly hunted down. This is a tragic fact. When we reflect upon our daily lives, we see how deeply they are dependent on wildlife in various ways. For example, our food, clothing and shelter (that is, the necessities of life) and our economic activities can not be sustained without the utilization of wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Welfare and Animal Ethics Challenges of Animal-Based Tourism
    animals Article Instagranimal: Animal Welfare and Animal Ethics Challenges of Animal-Based Tourism Erica von Essen 1,* , Johan Lindsjö 2 and Charlotte Berg 3 1 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Sognsveien 68, 0855 Oslo, Norway 2 Swedish Centre for Animal Welfare, SCAW and Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Ulls väg 26, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] 3 Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, 532 23 Skara, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 8 October 2020 Simple Summary: Animals of countless species, wild as well as tame, can now entertain tourists on their holidays. The popularity, however, of animal-based tourism comes with significant risks for the welfare of these animals. Many animals are kept in small confinements, are broken down to interact obediently with tourists, or are made to perform, entertain, transport or even give their lives for human leisure. In this paper, the challenges of animal-based tourism are presented from the perspectives of interdisciplinary researchers. The challenges are discussed based on a two-day symposium with workshop sessions. We bring attention to the problem of cultural relativism and the difficulty of imposing universal standards of animal welfare. We conclude that reforms and individual travel decisions as a result of biosecurity concerns will impact animal welfare. In addition to this, we observe that technology has a dual role to play in enhancing edutainment but also potentially inviting new challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate-Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies for Africa's
    CLIMATE-CHANGE VULNERABILITIES AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR AFRICA’S CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Jonathan Mawdsley Martha Surridge RESEARCH SUPPORT Bilal Ahmad Sandra Grund Barry Pasco Robert Reeve Chris Robertson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Deb Callahan Matthew Grason Anne Marsh Ralph and Alice Mawdsley Christine Negra Thomas Nichols Conn Nugent Stacia Van Dyne REVIEWERS Matthew Lewis, WWF Shaun Martin, WWF Dennis Ojima, Colorado State University Robin O’Malley, USGS Wildlife and Climate Change Science Center Karen Terwilliger, Terwilliger Consulting, Inc. Cover photo credit: Martha Surridge CITATION OF THIS REPORT The Heinz Center. 2012. Climate-change Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies for Africa’s Charismatic Megafauna. Washington, DC, 56 pp. Copyright ©2012 by The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment. The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment 900 17th St, NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20006 Phone: (202) 737-6307 Fax: (202) 737-6410 Website: www.heinzctr.org Email: [email protected] Climate-change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies for Africa’s Charismatic Megafauna TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Methods 6 Results and Discussion 8 Future Directions 10 Species Profiles The Big Five African Elephant 11 African Lion 13 Cape Buffalo 15 Leopard 17 Rhinoceros, Black 19 Rhinoceros, White 21 African Wild Dog 23 Bongo 25 Cheetah 27 Common Eland 29 Gemsbok 31 Giraffe 33 Greater Kudu 35 Hippopotamus 37 Okapi 39 Wildebeest, Black 41 Wildebeest, Blue 43 Zebra, Grevy’s 45 Zebra, Mountain 47 Zebra, Plains 49 Literature Cited 50 Climate-change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies for Africa’s Charismatic Megafauna EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The phrase “African animals” brings to mind elephants, lions and other iconic large mammals often referred to as “charismatic megafauna.” The powerful appeal of these animals is demonstrated in the many African wildlife documentaries on television and enduring public support for zoos and museums featuring African animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Surrogacy Potential of Charismatic
    Journal of Applied Ecology MS MARSYA CHRISTYANTI SIBARANI (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-0942-139X) Article type : Research Article Handling Editor: Johan du Toit Title Measuring the surrogacy potential of charismatic megafauna species across taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity on a megadiverse island Article Author details Marsya C. Sibarani1, Moreno Di Marco2,3, Carlo Rondinini4 and Salit Kark1 1The Biodiversity Research Group, The School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 2Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 3CSIRO Land & Water, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia 4Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome I-00185, Italy Accepted This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13360 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Corresponding author Marsya Sibarani School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia [email protected] Abstract 1. Conservation organisations and governments often use charismatic megafauna as surrogates to represent broader biodiversity. While these species are primarily selected as “flagships” for marketing campaigns, it is important to evaluate their surrogacy potential, i.e., the extent to which their protection benefits other biodiversity elements. Article Four charismatic megafauna species are used as surrogates in the megadiverse island of Sumatra: the Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae, Sumatran elephant Elephas maximus sumatranus, Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii and Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis.
    [Show full text]