The Soundtrack of Now: a Sojourn in Sound with Christine Bush

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Soundtrack of Now: a Sojourn in Sound with Christine Bush T R A N S C R I P T THE SOUNDTRACK OF NOW: A SOJOURN IN SOUND™ WITH CHRISTINE BUSH CHAPTER SEVEN: HOLD THE MAGIC IN YOUR PALM. WRITTEN, PRODUCED, AND HOSTED BY CHRISTINE BUSH. PATREON RELEASE DATE: FEBRUARY 26, 2021 PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: MARCH 5, 2021 CC‐BY‐SA 4.0 =============================== THIS CHAPTER OF THE SOUNDTRACK OF NOW: A SOJOURN IN SOUND, IS RELEASED UNDER AN ATTRIBUTION, SHARE‐ALIKE, FOUR POINT ZERO, INTERNATIONAL, CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE BY CHRISTINE BUSH, PERCHANCE MUSIC AND DIGITAL MEDIA, SERVICE MARK: 2020. ATTRIBUTION DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE ONLINE AT NOW.PERCHANCEMUSIC.COM. HOLD THE MAGIC IN YOUR PALM (ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAIKU BY JONATHA CHANCE) ================= GLOWING PIXELS CALL HOLD THE MAGIC IN YOUR PALM AND BE BORN AGAIN. A1. GREETINGS. THIS IS CHAPTER SEVENOFTHE SOUNDTRACK OF NOW: A SOJOURN IN SOUND(TM). I'M CHRISTINE BUSH WITH MORE FROM MY COGNITIVE MEMOIR EXPLORING HOW LISTENING INFORMS OUR EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD . AND HOW THE WORLD WE EXPERIENCE INFLUENCES HOW WE LISTEN. A2. THIS IS THE FIRST SHOW OF 2021 AND I'M PLEASED TO WELCOME MY FIRST UNFORGETTABLE FIRE TIERSPONSOR: PIPA CUDAHY FINE ART IN CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA. PIPA CUDAHY IS A VISUAL ARTIST WHO WORKS IN ACRYLICS, PASTELS, AND CHARCOAL TO CREATE WHAT SHE CALLS "INTERPRETATIONS OF NATURE'S MYSTERY." I INVITE YOU TO DISCOVER AND ENJOY HER WORK ONLINE WHERE ORIGINAL CREATIONS, REPRODUCTIONS, AND GIFT CARDS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SALE AT PIPAFINEART.NET(P‐I‐P‐A FINE ART DOT NET). A3. I WILL BEGIN WITH A CAVEAT: I WILL BE SPEAKING IN THIS CHAPTER ABOUT SOCIAL MEDIA AND OFFERING MY OWN SUBJECTIVE, BUT HONEST, CRITIQUE OF IT. YOU MAY FIND THAT MY THOUGHTS RUN AGAINST THE GRAIN.THIS IS A FEATURE, NOT A BUG. FOR THIS REASON, I HAVE WRITTEN ABOUT SOCIAL MEDIA PRACTICES IN THE THIRD PERSON WHENEVER POSSIBLE. SOME OF THE QUOTATIONS I HAVE INCLUDED DO NOT. IN A WAY, IT IS ENTIRELY APPROPRIATE THAT THE NATURE OF SOCIAL MEDIA SHOULD BE CONTESTED SINCE ONE OF ITS HALLMARKS IS DISCURSIVE HURLY BURLY. EVERYONE SEEMS 1 TO HAVE THEIR OWN HISTORY WITH VARIOUS PERMUTATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA. IN THE PAST, I'VE HAD A FEW MEANINGFUL SOCIAL MEDIA ENCOUNTERS. I HAVE HAD MANY MORE FRUITLESS, AND SOME RATHER PAINFUL ONES. A4. THAT BEING SAID, IT IS UNEQUIVOCALLY DIFFICULT TO AVOID “SOCIAL” PLATFORMS COMPLETELY. THE REACH OF SOCIAL MEDIA EXTENDS FAR BEYOND THE STOCK MARKET DARLINGS. YOUTUBE, LINKEDIN, AND NEXT DOOR ARE MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS THAT, UNTIL RECENTLY, HAVE NOT BEEN PLACED ON THE SAME SHELF WITH FACEBOOK PROPERTIES, TWITTER, AND REDDIT. NONETHELESS, THIS IS WHAT THEY ARE: ONLINE PLATFORMS WHERE TRANSACTIONAL BEHAVIOR IS THE PRODUCT. AS LONG AS CRITICAL THINKING IS EQUATED WITH #CANCELCULTURE, THE SOCIAL AND THE CIVIL WILL BE AT ODDS. A5. IN THIS CHAPTER, I'M GOING TO SITUATE SOCIAL MEDIA WITHIN AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL FRAME TO BETTER UNDERSTAND WHAT ROLE IT PLAYS IN THE PRODUCTION, DILUTION, FABRICATION, AND DESTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE. I WILL SEEK OUTTHE INTERPLAY OF MAGIC, RELIGION, AND TECHNOLOGY WHILE CONSIDERING SOCIAL MEDIA AS PART OF A CONTINUOUS TRANSFORMATION DESCRIBED BY MARSHALL MCLUHAN. I WILL EXAMINE THE DYNAMICS OF THE ATTENTION ECONOMY AND CONSIDER ITS IMPACT ON JOURNALISM AND MEDIA POLICY. I WILL CONSIDER THE ROLE OF SOCIAL TECH IN THE EVENTS OF JANUARY 6. I WILL MUSE ABOUT TWO FILMS THAT ARE IMPORTANT TOUCHSTONES FOR THE DISCOURSE OF SOCIAL MEDIA. A6. IN SO DOING, I WANT TO UNMASK THE SECRET, UNSEEN SORCERY AT WORK WHEN ONE CHOOSES TO “SHARE” OR “LIKE” OR “FOLLOW” OR “TAG” OR “RATE” WITH A GOAL OF ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS: WHO (OR WHAT) IS LISTENING WHEN THESE ACTIONS OCCUR . AND WHY? I WILL ENLIST THE AID OF A WELL‐WORN PHRASE FROM SHAKESPEARE TO SHAPE THIS EFFORT. A7. THE SOUNDTRACK OF NOW CONTINUES. B1. SCENE 1. "A TALE TOLD BY AN IDIOT..." B2. THE SCIENCE FICTION WRITER AND FUTURIST ARTHUR C. CLARKE FORMULATED THREE LAWS, THE THIRD AND MOST CITED OF WHICH STATES THAT A SUFFICIENTLY ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM MAGIC. THIS SAME IDEA HAS BEEN TRACED BACK TO 2 EARLIER SOURCES, INCLUDING ONE BY VIRGINIA WOOLF IN THE 1920s. PUT DIFFERENTLY, MAGIC IS JUST ANOTHER WORD FOR IGNORANCE AND TECHNOLOGY IS A KIND OF GOD. B3. THE ENTANGLEMENT OF MAGIC AND RELIGION WITH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION GOES ALL THE WAY BACK TO OUR ORIGIN STORIES AND CONTINUES THROUGH THE EXUBERANCE FOR TECH STOCKS TODAY. MYTHOLOGICALLY, IT IS FROM THE GODS THAT TECHNOLOGY CAME. FIRST AS A GIFT, THEN AS A CURSE. A QUICK TIMELINE OF TECHNOLOGY REVEALS ITS TENDENCY TO HAVE MYSTICAL ASSOCIATIONS, PROFOUND RAMIFICATIONS FOR SOCIETIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT, AS WELL AS UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, SOMETIMES BENEFICIAL . SOMETIMES NOT. B4. PROMETHEUS AND THE GIFT OF FIRE; PANDORA’S BOX; AGRICULTURE; STONEHENGE; GUNS, GERMS, AND STEEL; ALCHEMY; THE PRINTING PRESS; ELECTRICITY; THE AIRPLANE; COMPUTERS; ATOMIC ENERGY; SPACE FLIGHT; THE INTERNET; THE MICROCHIP; THE WORLD WIDE WEB; THE MATRIX; Y2K; NAPSTER; WIKIPEDIA; FACEBOOK; TWITTER; VIRTUAL REALITY, SECOND LIFE, AUGMENTED REALITY;CYBER WARFARE; PLAYSTATION, XBOX; PRISM; CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICA; BLOCKCHAIN; BITCOIN; TIKTOK; BIG DATA/MACHINE LEARNING/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; SOLAR WINDS . B5. IN HIS 1921 BOOK MANHOOD AND HUMANITY, A FORERUNNER OF WHAT BECAME THE THEORY OF GENERAL SEMANTICS, ALFRED KORZYBSKI [kore‐SZHIB‐ski] ORGANIZED THE BEHAVIORS OF FLORA AND FAUNA THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF "BINDING," BY WHICH HE MEANT ORGANISMS' PRIMARY FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS. PLANTS BIND CHEMISTRY. ANIMALS BIND TERRITORY. HUMANS, ACCORDING TO KORZYBSKI, BIND TIME BY STOCKPILING EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE, PASSING ALONG WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT. KORZYBSKI WROTE: QUOTE‐01: "ALL HUMAN ACHIEVEMENTS ARE CUMULATIVE; NO ONE OF US CAN CLAIM ANY ACHIEVEMENT EXCLUSIVELY AS [THEIR] OWN; WE ALL MUST USE CONSCIOUSLY OR UNCONSCIOUSLY THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF OTHERS, SOME OF THEM LIVING BUT MOST OF THEM DEAD." B6. FAST FORWARD TO 2017: COGNITIVE SCIENTISTS STEVEN SLOMAN AND PHILIP FERNBACH WROTE A BOOK TITLED THE KNOWLEDGE ILLUSION: WHY WE NEVER THINK ALONE THAT RE‐FORMULATES KORZYBSKI'S TIME‐BINDING PREMISE FOR THE INFORMATION AGE, WITH AN INTERESTING TWIST. ONE RESULT OF TIME‐BINDING IS, PARADOXICALLY, A NEW KIND OF IGNORANCE. SOME OF WHAT PEOPLE HAVE COLLECTIVELY LEARNED OVER TIME IS STORED IN THE HEADS OF OTHER LIVING PERSONS, WRITTEN DOWN OR RECORDED, ARCHIVED OR PUBLISHED DIGITALLY ONLINE OR OFFLINE, OR SOME COMBINATION OF THESE. 3 B7. MUCH HAS BEEN LOST OR ALTERED. BUT THESE ARE THE EPISTEMIC HORIZONS, INCLUDING THE KNOWN UNKNOWN. THIS RESULTS IN FALLING PREY TO WHAT SLOMAN AND FERNBACH CALL THE ILLUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. THE ILLUSION IS THAT INDIVIDUALLY PEOPLE HAVE COME TO BELIEVE THAT THEY KNOW MUCH MORE THAN, IN FACT, THEY DO. AS MARK TWAIN SAID: “IT AIN’T WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW THAT GETS YOU INTO TROUBLE. IT’S WHAT YOU KNOW FOR SURE THAT JUST AIN’T SO.” B8. SLOMAN AND FERNBACH TELL US THAT THE HABIT OF LOOKING UP INFORMATION USING SEARCH ENGINES HAS NOT ONLY BECOME SECOND NATURE BUT RESULTS IN THE OVERESTIMATION OF WHAT PEOPLE BELIEVE THEY REALLY KNOW. NOT ONLY DO SEARCH ENGINES SERVE UP PERSONALIZED RESULTS, NOT ONLY MAY THOSE RESULTS NOT BE ACCURATE, BUT EXECUTING A WEB QUERY DOES NOT YIELD FIRST‐HAND KNOWLEDGE. IT YIELDS INFORMATION, A DISTINCTION THAT EVEN SLOMAN AND FERNBACH CONFLATE AT TIMES: QUOTE‐02: "THE INTERNET'S KNOWLEDGE IS SO ACCESSIBLE AND SO VAST THAT WE MAY BE FASHIONING A SOCIETY WHERE EVERYONE WITH A SMARTPHONE AND A WI‐FI CONNECTION BECOMES A SELF‐APPOINTED EXPERT IN MULTIPLE DOMAINS." B9. IN THE 1997 FILM THE DEVIL'S ADVOCATE, AL PACINO'S CHARACTER ‐‐A LAWYERNAMED JOHN MILTON ‐‐PAINTS A PICTURE OF THE FUTURE FOR HIS PROTEGE, RANTING: "YOU BUILD EGOS THE SIZE OF CATHEDRALS, FIBER OPTICALLY CONNECT THE WORLD TO EVERY EAGER IMPULSE...GREASE EVEN THE DULLEST DREAMS WITH THESE DOLLAR GREEN, GOLD PLATED FANTASIES UNTIL EVERY HUMAN BECOMES AN ASPIRING EMPEROR...BECOMES HIS OWN GOD, AND WHERE CAN YOU GO FROM THERE?" B10. MOVIE FICTION QUICKLY BECAME THE MAGICAL THINKING OF SILICON VALLEY BUSINESS PLANS IN THE HEADY DAYS ENVELOPING THE DOT‐COM BOOM AND BUST. WITH THE RIGHT DOMAIN NAME, SOME CASH OR ANGEL FUNDING (AND EVENTUALLY A SMARTPHONE), A NEW GENERATION OF DEMI‐GODS WAS BORN. EVERY TECHNOLOGY CONSUMER WAS SOLD NOTHING LESS THAN A SLICE OF GLOBAL AMBITION, THE ABILITY TO BE DISCOVERED NOT BY ANYBODY BUT EVERYBODY WITH ACCESS TO A WEB BROWSER. THESE INTOXICATING FUMES OF UTOPIANISM WERE THE TOAST OF THE BAY AREA'S VENTURE (AND VULTURE) CAPITAL CORRIDORS. THE VISION STATEMENT FOR WIKIPEDIA: "IMAGINE A WORLD IN WHICH EVERY SINGLE PERSON ON THE PLANET IS GIVEN FREE ACCESS TO THE SUM OF ALL HUMAN KNOWLEDGE." FOR GOOGLE: "ORGANIZE THE WORLD'S INFORMATION AND MAKE IT UNIVERSALLY ACCESSIBLE AND USEFUL." FOR FACEBOOK: "TO GIVE PEOPLE THE POWER TO BUILD COMMUNITY AND BRING THE WORLD CLOSER TOGETHER." B11. THESE GRANDIOSE VISIONS ARE STILL VERY MUCH IN VOGUE. YOUTUBE'S 2020 MISSION STATEMENT READS: "OUR MISSION IS TO GIVE EVERYONE A VOICE AND SHOW THEM THE WORLD." MICROSOFT IS STRIVING SIMPLY "TO EMPOWER EVERY PERSON AND EVERY ORGANIZATION ON THE PLANET TO ACHIEVE MORE." APPLE'S CORPORATE GOAL IS RATHER MODEST BY COMPARISON AND GETS A GOLD STAR FOR COMPLYING WITH GUIDELINES FOR MISSION 4 STATEMENTS, LIMITING ITS SCOPE “TO BRING THE BEST PERSONAL COMPUTING PRODUCTS AND SUPPORT...IN OVER 140 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.” B12. IN HIS 2018 PRIMER TEN ARGUMENTS FOR DELETING YOUR SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS RIGHT NOW JARON LANIER CONCLUDES HIS CASE WITH A CHAPTER TITLED "SOCIAL MEDIA HATES YOUR SOUL." HE WRITES: QUOTE‐03: "USUALLY, GOOGLE HAS HAD A WAY OF COMING UP WITH THE CREEPIER STATEMENTS, BUT FACEBOOK HAS PULLED AHEAD: A RECENT REVISION IN ITS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE INCLUDES DIRECTIVES LIKE ASSURING THAT 'EVERY SINGLE PERSON HAS A SENSE OF PURPOSE AND COMMUNITY.' A SINGLE COMPANY IS GOING TO SEE TO IT THAT EVERY SINGLE PERSON HAS A PURPOSE, BECAUSE IT PRESUMES THAT WAS LACKING BEFORE.
Recommended publications
  • Inequality and the 2014 New Zealand General Election
    A BARK BUT NO BITE INEQUALITY AND THE 2014 NEW ZEALAND GENERAL ELECTION A BARK BUT NO BITE INEQUALITY AND THE 2014 NEW ZEALAND GENERAL ELECTION JACK VOWLES, HILDE COFFÉ AND JENNIFER CURTIN Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Vowles, Jack, 1950- author. Title: A bark but no bite : inequality and the 2014 New Zealand general election / Jack Vowles, Hilde Coffé, Jennifer Curtin. ISBN: 9781760461355 (paperback) 9781760461362 (ebook) Subjects: New Zealand. Parliament--Elections, 2014. Elections--New Zealand. New Zealand--Politics and government--21st century. Other Creators/Contributors: Coffé, Hilde, author. Curtin, Jennifer C, author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2017 ANU Press Contents List of figures . vii List of tables . xiii List of acronyms . xvii Preface and acknowledgements . .. xix 1 . The 2014 New Zealand election in perspective . .. 1 2. The fall and rise of inequality in New Zealand . 25 3 . Electoral behaviour and inequality . 49 4. The social foundations of voting behaviour and party funding . 65 5. The winner! The National Party, performance and coalition politics . 95 6 . Still in Labour . 117 7 . Greening the inequality debate . 143 8 . Conservatives compared: New Zealand First, ACT and the Conservatives .
    [Show full text]
  • The Memory of Science: Inflation, Myopia, and the Knowledge Network
    The Memory of Science: Inflation, Myopia, and the Knowledge Network Raj K. Pana;,1 Alexander M. Petersena;b;,2, 3 Fabio Pammolli,2 and Santo Fortunatob;4 1Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076, Finland 2Laboratory for the Analysis of Complex Economic Systems, Institutions Markets Technologies (IMT) School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca 55100, Italy 3Management Program, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, California 95343 4Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Science is a growing system, exhibiting 4% annual growth in publications and 1.8% annual growth in the number of references per publication. Together these growth factors correspond to a 12-year doubling period in the total supply of references, thereby challenging traditional methods of evaluating scientific production, from researchers to institutions. Against this background, we analyzed a citation network comprised of 837 million references produced by 32.6 million publications over the period 1965-2012, allowing for a detailed analysis of the ‘attention economy’ in science. Unlike previous studies, we analyzed the entire probability distribution of reference ages – the time difference between a citing and cited paper – thereby capturing previously overlooked trends. Over this half-century period we observe a narrowing range of attention – both classic and recent literature are being cited increasingly less, pointing to the important role of socio-technical processes. To better understand how these patterns fit together, we developed a network-based model of the scientific enterprise, featuring exponential growth, the redirection of scientific attention via publications’ reference lists, and the crowding out of old literature by the new.
    [Show full text]
  • Income Inequality in the Attention Economy∗
    Income Inequality in the Attention Economy∗ Kevin S. McCurley Google Research ABSTRACT The recognition that attention is the scarce resource in in- The World Wide Web may be viewed as a gigantic market formation markets seems to have originated with Herbert for information. In this market there are producers (au- Simon [29] in 1971, and the concept has been popularized thors) and consumers (readers) and the currency for infor- recently (e.g., see [14, 11]). mation is attention. In this paper we examine the distri- Authors compete for attention because attention has value. bution of attention across the World Wide Web. Through The essence of advertising is to steer the attention of con- study of the habits of web users, we conclude that the cur- sumers toward products offered by a seller. When advertis- rency of attention is highly concentrated on a relatively ing succeeds, it is because it completes a transaction that small number of web resources, and that the rich appear turns attention into monetary value from sale of goods or to be getting slightly richer over time. We also study the services. Attention can often be converted into other forms effect of search engines on the distribution of attention, and of value, such as reputation. In some sense, reputation is conclude that search engines produce a more uniform distri- to attention as wealth is to income, because reputation and bution of attention than generic surfing habits. Finally, we wealth represent stored value of their respective currencies. show that the observed distribution of attention is in sub- A prerequisite for monetization of web resources is to gar- stantial disagreement with the distribution that is suggested ner attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Attention to News and Its Dissemination on Twitter: a Survey✩ Claudia Orellana-Rodriguez *, Mark T
    Computer Science Review 29 (2018) 74–94 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computer Science Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cosrev Survey Attention to news and its dissemination on Twitter: A surveyI Claudia Orellana-Rodriguez *, Mark T. Keane Insight Centre for Data Analytics, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland article info a b s t r a c t Article history: In recent years, news media have been hugely disrupted by news promotion, commentary and sharing Received 16 February 2018 in online, social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit). This disruption has been the subject of a Received in revised form 3 July 2018 significant literature that has largely used AI techniques – machine learning, text analytics and network Accepted 11 July 2018 models – to both (i) understand the factors underlying audience attention and news dissemination on social media (e.g., effects of popularity, type of day) and (ii) provide new tools/guidelines for journalists to better disseminate their news via these social media. This paper provides an integrative review of Keywords: Computational journalism the literature on the professional reporting of news on Twitter; focusing on how journalists and news Digital journalism outlets use Twitter as a platform to disseminate news, and on the factors that impact readers' attention Social media and engagement with that news on Twitter. Using the precise definition of a news-tweet (i.e., divided into News articles user, content and context features), the survey structures the literature to reveal the main findings on Twitter features affecting audience attention to news and its dissemination on Twitter.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and Conflict: a Self-Perpetuating Cycle in the Somali Regional State (Region 5), Ethiopia: 1960-2010
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 Poverty and Conflict: A Self-Perpetuating Cycle in the Somali Regional State (Region 5), Ethiopia: 1960-2010 Bisrat Teshome Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Teshome, Bisrat, "Poverty and Conflict: A Self-Perpetuating Cycle in the Somali Regional State (Region 5), Ethiopia: 1960-2010" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 230. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.230 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Poverty and Conflict: A Self-Perpetuating Cycle in the Somali Regional State (Region 5), Ethiopia: 1960-2010 by Bisrat Teshome A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conflict Resolution Thesis Committee: Harry Anastasiou, Chair Robert Gould Kofi Agorsah Portland State University ©2011 Poverty and Conflict i Abstract Region 5 is one of the most impoverished and insecure regions of Ethiopia. For decades, the region has suffered from a multitude of armed conflicts involving state and non-state actors. Region 5 is also one of the most underserved states of Ethiopia with some of the lowest levels of human development indicators nationwide. Although the adversities of poverty and conflict are widely acknowledged in their own respect, there has been little or no inquest into why poverty and conflict have prevailed under the same space for decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Reassembling the City Through Instagram
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Reassembling the city through Instagram Boy, J.D.; Uitermark, J. DOI 10.1111/tran.12185 Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version Published in Transactions - Institute of British Geographers License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Boy, J. D., & Uitermark, J. (2017). Reassembling the city through Instagram. Transactions - Institute of British Geographers, 42(4), 612-624. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12185 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Reassembling the city through Instagram John D Boy and Justus Uitermark How do people represent the city on social media? And how do these representations feed back into people’s uses of the city? To answer these questions, we develop a relational approach that relies on a combination of qualitative methods and network analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Representation of Political Discussions in Web Forums: a Cross-National Assessment Hai Liang1 and Fei Shen2
    Representation of Political Discussions in Web Forums: A Cross-National Assessment Hai Liang1 and Fei Shen2 1. Web Mining Lab, Dept. of Media & Communication, City University of Hong Kong 2. Dept. of Media & Communication, City University of Hong Kong Abstract Introduction Gauging public opinion through user generated There are a growing number of papers using online content (UGC) on social media has experienced an user generated content (UGC) (e.g., Gonzalez-Bailon, explosive growth in recent years. Although social Banchs, & Kaltenbrunner, 2012; Livne, Simmons, media have been celebrated for the equality of public Adar, & Adamic, 2011; O’Connor, Balasubramanyan, expression and large participants involved, the Routledge, & Smith, 2010; Tumasjan, Sprenger, representativeness of online opinions was called into Sandner, & Welpe, 2010) and search query data (e.g., question. This study demonstrates that public Granka, 2010; Ripberger, 2011; Scharkow & expression on the internet is unequally distributed Vogelgesang, 2011) as a measure of public opinion in across issues and the interests of the vocal minority recent years. A basic assumption in these studies is and silent majority exhibit a substantial discrepancy. that there are more and more people who are Through a cross national analysis of web-based accessible to the internet and social media in political discussion forums from 54 societies with particular for public expression. To somehow, 1,218,698 threads, this study found that the user internet users can represent the general population. generated content in web forums is socially However, the representativeness of online constructed. The inequality in reply and view discussions faces both empirical and theoretical distribution and discrepancy between lurker and challenges: participants are structured by political system, culture values, and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper Series
    Working Paper Series W-2019/7 Growing Inequality and Weakening Multilateralism: Is There a Connection? By Jan Vandemoortele in alliance with www.cris.unu.edu About the author: Jan Vandemoortele is a former economist and diplomat with the United Nations (UNICEF, UNDP, ILO) and co-architect of the MDGs. He holds a PhD in Development Economics. He is now an independent adviser and lecturer. 2 Abstract The paper draws together the latest evidence from a wide range of disciplines to expose the harmful effects of inequality. At the individual level inequality harms human health, well- being, and behaviour. At the state and international levels it damages cooperation in politics and multilateralism. It is probably not a coincidence that multilateralism was stronger when inequality was considerably lower. The paper argues that high levels of bad inequality eventually leads to distorted and manipulated public discourse. At the same time, inequality creates a more resentful electorate that can be coaxed into casting protest votes. The combination of the two lead to electoral volatility, and the resulting elected leaders tend to be polarising, demagogic, and often imbued with a strong sense of nationalism. When stepping into the multilateral arena, they unfailingly take a my-country- first attitude, preferring confrontation over compromise. They readily point the finger at other states, accusing them of being lawbreakers and wrongdoers because they see them as unfair players, rather than as equal partners. This tendency is most evident in the growing frictions within the global trading system. Thus, the present-day crisis in multilateralism cannot be disassociated from growing inequality at the state level.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles: the Impact of Social Media on Diversification and Partisan Shifts in News Consumption1
    RESEARCH ARTICLE UNDERSTANDING ECHO CHAMBERS AND FILTER BUBBLES: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON DIVERSIFICATION AND PARTISAN SHIFTS IN NEWS CONSUMPTION1 Brent Kitchens, Steven L. Johnson, and Peter Gray University of Virginia McIntire School of Commerce, P.O. Box 400173, Charlottesville, VA 22904 U.S.A. {[email protected]} {[email protected]} {[email protected]} Echo chambers and filter bubbles are potent metaphors that encapsulate widespread public fear that the use of social media may limit the information that users encounter or consume online. Specifically, the concern is that social media algorithms combined with tendencies to interact with like-minded others both limits users’ exposure to diverse viewpoints and encourages the adoption of more extreme ideological positions. Yet empi- rical evidence about how social media shapes information consumption is inconclusive. We articulate how characteristics of platform algorithms and users’ online social networks may combine to shape user behavior. We bring greater conceptual clarity to this phenomenon by expanding beyond discussion of a binary presence or absence of echo chambers and filter bubbles to a richer set of outcomes incorporating changes in both diversity and slant of users’ information sources. Using a data set with over four years of web browsing history for a representative panel of nearly 200,000 U.S. adults, we analyzed how individuals’ social media usage was associated with changes in the information sources they chose to consume. We find differentiated impacts on news consumption by platform. Increased use of Facebook was associated with increased informa- tion source diversity and a shift toward more partisan sites in news consumption; increased use of Reddit with increased diversity and a shift toward more moderate sites; and increased use of Twitter with little to no change in either.
    [Show full text]
  • The Memory of Science: Inflation, Myopia, and the Knowledge Network
    Journal of Informetrics 12 (2018) 656–678 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Informetrics j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/joi Regular article The memory of science: Inflation, myopia, and the knowledge network a,1 b,c,∗,1 d,e Raj K. Pan , Alexander M. Petersen , Fabio Pammolli , f,g,∗∗ Santo Fortunato a Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076, Finland b Ernest and Julio Gallo Management Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, United States c Department of Management of Complex Systems, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, United States d Department of Management, Economics, and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy e CADS, Center for Analysis, Decisions, and Society, Human Technopole, Milan 20157, Italy f Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA g Indiana University Network Science Institute (IUNI), Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Scientific production is steadily growing, exhibiting 4% annual growth in publications and Received 12 September 2017 1.8% annual growth in the number of references per publication, together producing a Received in revised form 12 June 2018 12-year doubling period in the total supply of references, i.e. links in the science citation Accepted 12 June 2018 network. This growth has far-reaching implications for how academic knowledge is con- Available online 22 June 2018 nected, accessed and evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Fairness in Digital Interaction: a Rhizomatic Analysis of Social Imaginaries
    Ph.D. Dissertation Global Fairness in Digital Interaction: A rhizomatic analysis of social imaginaries Verónica Yépez Reyes ‘we can insist that food be not just ecologically sound but socially fair—to the extent that fairness is possible in an unequal world.’ (Warne 2011:160) Cover: Raquel Carrasco Santos, artisanal crabber from El Oro, Ecuador Photo: © Martina León 2011 - [email protected] Print: Print & Sign, SDU To Mami and Papi This dissertation brings to an end three outstanding years in Denmark that were made possible thanks to a scholarship from the National Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT) of Ecuador. I also owe thanks to the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE) for their support, and to the Doctoral School of the Humanities at the University of Southern Denmark for accepting my research project. I have been able to travel so far and engage in this academic journey and I am very grateful to all the people who have contributed to it. I am in debt to my supervisor Nina Bonderup Dohn for her numerous and detailed observations, for her professional advice, timekeeping and preciseness, but mostly for her continuous support and encouragement to bring this dissertation to completion. I also wish to thank my co- supervisor Johannes Wagner, who always brought thoughtful and inspiring perspectives to my study, changing constantly the drift of the analysis. I wish to extend my gratitude to all the people from the Department of Design and Communication (IDK) of the University of Southern Denmark at Kolding campus. The list is too long to name all the administrative and academic staff with whom conferences, meetings, lunches and fellow breakfasts have been shared.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 4 in THIS ISSUE Berkeley Economic Review Presents
    Berkeley Economic Review presents Issue 4 IN THIS ISSUE The Unrealizable Libertarian Dream • The Attention Economy • The Next Global Depression • More STAFF TABLE OF CONTENTS EDiTORS-iN-CHiEF STAFF WRiTERS 4 From the Editors’ Desk 18 Political Polling Yechan Shin Ally Mintzer Vinay Maruri Ani Banerjee Caitlin Hartley 5 The Unrealizable Libertarian 21 Analysis of Taiwanese EDiTORS Davis Kedrosky Dream Economic History and Parmita Das* Grace Jang Policies Abhishek Roy Howard Yan Amanda Yao Jeffrey Suzuki 8 Paying Attention: The Andreas Maass Konnor von Emster Attention Economy 24 Is the Next Global Depression Andrew Babson Nicolas Dussaux Imminent? Chazel Hakim Olivia Gingold Courtney Fung Pak Hei (Thomas) So 10 An Ill Economy: The Edgar Hildebrandt Rojo Savr Kumar Economic Toll of the 27 Spring 2020 Essay Contest Lucia Dardis Vanessa Thompson Coronavirus Jennifer Jackson Yash Rajwanshi Pedro De Marcos 28 Berkeley Economics Review’s Pinja Johanna Vuorinen LAYOUT EDiTORS 15 A New Breath for U.S. Spring 2020 Journal Preview Raina Zhao Antitrust Regulations Sabrina Lerskiatiphanich Anne Fogarty* Sean O’Connell Chelsea Gomez-Moreno Hannah Heinrichs PEER REViEW Kara Jia Natalia Ramirez Hayden Davila* Charlie McMurry David Lyu Mission Statement: In Berkeley Economic Review, we envision a platform for the recognition of quality Eugenia Zhang undergraduate research and writing. Our organization exists to provide a forum for students to voice Shiyun Hu their views on current economic issues and ultimately to foster a community of aspiring economists. Xilin Yin Disclaimer: The views published in this magazine are those of the individual authors or speakers and Vatsal Bajaj do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of Berkeley Economic Review staff, the UC Berkeley Venkat Palanati Economics Department and faculty, or the University of California, Berkeley in general.
    [Show full text]