The Bioinorganic Periodic Table
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Role of Trace Minerals in Animal Production
ROLE OF TRACE MINERALS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION What Do I Need to Know About Trace Minerals for Beef and Dairy Cattle, Horses, Sheep and Goats? Connie K. Larson, Ph.D. Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Corporation Eden Praire, MN 55344 Presented at the 2005 Nutrition Conference sponsored by Department of Animal Science, UT Extension and University Professional and Personal Development The University of Tennessee. Introduction The role of trace minerals in animal production is an area of strong interest for producers, feed manufactures, veterinarians and scientists. Adequate trace mineral intake and absorption is required for a variety of metabolic functions including immune response to pathogenic challenge, reproduction and growth. Mineral supplementation strategies quickly become complex because differences in trace mineral status of all livestock and avian species is critical in order to obtain optimum production in modern animal production systems. Subclinical or marginal deficiencies may be a larger problem than acute mineral deficiency because specific clinical symptoms are not evident to allow the producer to recognize the deficiency; however, animals continue to grow and reproduce but at a reduced rate. As animal trace mineral status declines immunity and enzyme functions are compromised first, followed by a reduction in maximum growth and fertility, and finally normal growth and fertility decrease prior to evidence of clinical deficiency (Figure 1; Fraker, 1983; Wikse 1992). In order to maintain animals in adequate trace mineral status, balanced intake and absorption are necessary. Figure 1. Effect of declining trace mineral status on animal performance Mineral Status Immunity & Enzyme Function Adequate Maximum Growth/Fertility Normal Growth/Fertility Clinical Signs Subclinical Clinical Trace Mineral Function To better understand the role of trace minerals in animal production it is important to recognize that trace elements are functional components of numerous metabolic events. -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
Bioinorganic Chemistry Content
Bioinorganic Chemistry Content 1. What is bioinorganic chemistry? 2. Evolution of elements 3. Elements and molecules of life 4. Phylogeny 5. Metals in biochemistry 6. Ligands in biochemistry 7. Principals of coordination chemistry 8. Properties of bio molecules 9. Biochemistry of main group elements 10. Biochemistry of transition metals 11. Biochemistry of lanthanides and actinides 12. Modell complexes 13. Analytical methods in bioinorganic 14. Applications areas of bioinorganic chemistry "Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication" Leonardo Da Vinci Bioinorganic Chemistry Slide 1 Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel Literature • C. Elschenbroich, A. Salzer, Organometallchemie, 2. Auflage, Teubner, 1988 • S.J. Lippard, J.N. Berg, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1995 • J.E. Huheey, E. Keiter, R. Keiter, Anorganische Chemie – Prinzipien von Struktur und Reaktivität, 3. Auflage, Walter de Gruyter, 2003 • W. Kaim, B. Schwederski: Bioinorganic Chemistry, 4. Auflage, Vieweg-Teubner, 2005 • H. Rauchfuß, Chemische Evolution und der Ursprung des Lebens, Springer, 2005 • A.F. Hollemann, N. Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102. Auflage, de Gruyter, 2007 • I. Bertini, H.B. Gray, E.I. Stiefel, J.S. Valentine, Biological Chemistry, University Science Books, 2007 • N. Metzler-Nolte, U. Schatzschneier, Bioinorganic Chemistry: A Practical Course, Walter de Gruyter, 2009 • W. Ternes, Biochemie der Elemente, Springer, 2013 • D. Rabinovich, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Walter de Gruyter, 2020 Bioinorganic Chemistry Slide 2 Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel 1. What is Bioinorganic Chemistry? A Highly Interdisciplinary Science at the Verge of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine Biochemistry Inorganic Chemistry (Micro)- Physics & Biology Spectroscopy Bioinorganic Chemistry Pharmacy & Medicine & Toxicology Physiology Diagnostics Bioinorganic Chemistry Slide 3 Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel 2. Evolution of the Elements Most Abundant Elements in the Universe According to Atomic Fraction Are: 1. -
Determination of Trace Element Levels in Patients with Burst Fractures
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Determination of trace element levels in patients with burst fractures Shahab Ahmed Salih Gezh, M.D.,1 Abdurrahman Aycan, M.D.,2 Halit Demir, M.D.,1 Cemal Bozlına, M.D.3 1Department of Chemistry, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Science and Literature, Van-Turkey 2Department of Neurosurgery, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van-Turkey 3Department of Neurosurgery, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van-Turkey ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine trace element levels (Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cu, Cd, Co, and Pb) in patients with burst fractures in Van Province, Turkey. METHODS: The study included a total of 44 participants with no additional pathologies, including 22 patients with burst fractures aged over 18 years who were admitted to the neurosurgery departments at two hospitals between June 15, 2015 and January 20, 2016 and 22 healthy volunteers. Serum samples were obtained from all participants to measure the serum levels of trace and heavy elements, including Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Co and Zn, using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The trace element levels of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and Mg were significantly lower (p<0.001), whereas those of Fe, Cd, and Pb were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and Mg were lower and the levels of Fe, Cd, and Pb were higher in the patient group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The probability of burst fracture and its causes leading to any injury may be considered as an indicator balance for the concentration of trace elements between the patient group and control group and may also be a risk factor associated with the bone exposed to burst fracture Significant changes in serum levels of Zn, Cd, Mn, Mg, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn elements can be observed in patients with burst fractures. -
Calcium-Dependent Copper Redistributions in Neuronal Cells Revealed by a Fluorescent Copper Sensor and X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy
Calcium-dependent copper redistributions in neuronal cells revealed by a fluorescent copper sensor and X-ray fluorescence microscopy Sheel C. Dodania,1, Dylan W. Domaillea,1, Christine I. Nama,b,1, Evan W. Millera, Lydia A. Finneyc, Stefan Vogtc, and Christopher J. Changa,b,2 aDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; bHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and cX-Ray Sciences Division and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 Edited* by Harry B. Gray, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved February 23, 2011 (received for review July 9, 2010) Dynamic fluxes of s-block metals like potassium, sodium, and Along these lines, molecular imaging with copper-responsive calcium are of broad importance in cell signaling. In contrast, the fluorescent sensors offers a potentially powerful methodology concept of mobile transition metals triggered by cell activation for interrogating its cell biology by allowing the specific tracking remains insufficiently explored, in large part because metals like of copper pools in living cells with spatial and temporal resolution copper and iron are typically studied as static cellular nutrients and (12, 26–32). In this regard, analogous tools have revolutionized there are a lack of direct, selective methods for monitoring their the study of calcium in a variety of biological settings (1) and hold distributions in living cells. To help meet this need, we now report promise for interrogating other cellular metals (26). However, Coppersensor-3 (CS3), a bright small-molecule fluorescent probe fluorescence-based sensing of Cuþ, the oxidation state stabilized that offers the unique capability to image labile copper pools in in reducing cytosolic environments, presents several additional living cells at endogenous, basal levels. -
Current Biomedical Use of Copper Chelation Therapy
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Current Biomedical Use of Copper Chelation Therapy Silvia Baldari 1,2, Giuliana Di Rocco 1 and Gabriele Toietta 1,* 1 Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (G.D.R.) 2 Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-06-5266-2604 Received: 9 January 2020; Accepted: 4 February 2020; Published: 6 February 2020 Abstract: Copper is an essential microelement that plays an important role in a wide variety of biological processes. Copper concentration has to be finely regulated, as any imbalance in its homeostasis can induce abnormalities. In particular, excess copper plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of the genetic disease Wilson’s syndrome, in neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in diabetes, and in several forms of cancer. Copper chelating agents are among the most promising tools to keep copper concentration at physiological levels. In this review, we focus on the most relevant compounds experimentally and clinically evaluated for their ability to counteract copper homeostasis deregulation. In particular, we provide a general overview of the main disorders characterized by a pathological increase in copper levels, summarizing the principal copper chelating therapies adopted in clinical trials. Keywords: copper; chelation therapy; therapeutic chelation; metal homeostasis; cancer; metalloproteins 1. -
Ncomms4301.Pdf
ARTICLE Received 8 Jul 2013 | Accepted 23 Jan 2014 | Published 13 Feb 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4301 Genome-wide RNAi ionomics screen reveals new genes and regulation of human trace element metabolism Mikalai Malinouski1,2, Nesrin M. Hasan3, Yan Zhang1,4, Javier Seravalli2, Jie Lin4,5, Andrei Avanesov1, Svetlana Lutsenko3 & Vadim N. Gladyshev1 Trace elements are essential for human metabolism and dysregulation of their homoeostasis is associated with numerous disorders. Here we characterize mechanisms that regulate trace elements in human cells by designing and performing a genome-wide high-throughput siRNA/ionomics screen, and examining top hits in cellular and biochemical assays. The screen reveals high stability of the ionomes, especially the zinc ionome, and yields known regulators and novel candidates. We further uncover fundamental differences in the regulation of different trace elements. Specifically, selenium levels are controlled through the selenocysteine machinery and expression of abundant selenoproteins; copper balance is affected by lipid metabolism and requires machinery involved in protein trafficking and post-translational modifications; and the iron levels are influenced by iron import and expression of the iron/haeme-containing enzymes. Our approach can be applied to a variety of disease models and/or nutritional conditions, and the generated data set opens new directions for studies of human trace element metabolism. 1 Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA. 3 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 4 Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. -
Essential Trace Elements in Human Health: a Physician's View
Margarita G. Skalnaya, Anatoly V. Skalny ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS IN HUMAN HEALTH: A PHYSICIAN'S VIEW Reviewers: Philippe Collery, M.D., Ph.D. Ivan V. Radysh, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Tomsk Publishing House of Tomsk State University 2018 2 Essential trace elements in human health UDK 612:577.1 LBC 52.57 S66 Skalnaya Margarita G., Skalny Anatoly V. S66 Essential trace elements in human health: a physician's view. – Tomsk : Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2018. – 224 p. ISBN 978-5-94621-683-8 Disturbances in trace element homeostasis may result in the development of pathologic states and diseases. The most characteristic patterns of a modern human being are deficiency of essential and excess of toxic trace elements. Such a deficiency frequently occurs due to insufficient trace element content in diets or increased requirements of an organism. All these changes of trace element homeostasis form an individual trace element portrait of a person. Consequently, impaired balance of every trace element should be analyzed in the view of other patterns of trace element portrait. Only personalized approach to diagnosis can meet these requirements and result in successful treatment. Effective management and timely diagnosis of trace element deficiency and toxicity may occur only in the case of adequate assessment of trace element status of every individual based on recent data on trace element metabolism. Therefore, the most recent basic data on participation of essential trace elements in physiological processes, metabolism, routes and volumes of entering to the body, relation to various diseases, medical applications with a special focus on iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iodine (I), cobalt (Co), chromium, and molybdenum (Mo) are reviewed. -
Supplementary Material and Methods
Supplementary material and methods Generation of cultured human epidermal sheets Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were isolated from human breast skin. Keratinocytes were grown on a feeder layer of irradiated human fibroblasts pre-seeded at 4000 cells /cm² in keratinocyte culture medium (KCM) containing a mix of 3:1 DMEM and HAM’s F12 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA), supplemented with 10% FCS, 10ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF; R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), 0.12 IU/ml insulin (Lilly, Saint- Cloud, France), 0.4 mg/ml hydrocortisone (UpJohn, St Quentin en Yvelelines, France) , 5 mg/ml triiodo-L- thyronine (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France), 24.3 mg/ml adenine (Sigma), isoproterenol (Isuprel, Hospira France, Meudon, France) and antibiotics (20 mg/ml gentamicin (Phanpharma, Fougères, France), 100 IU/ml penicillin (Phanpharma), and 1 mg/ml amphotericin B (Phanpharma)). The medium was changed every two days. NHEK were then cultured over a period of 13 days according to the protocol currently used at the Bank of Tissues and Cells for the generation of clinical grade epidermal sheets used for the treatment of severe extended burns (Ref). When needed, cells were harvested with trypsin-EDTA 0.05% (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and collected for analysis. Clonogenic assay Keratinocytes were seeded on a feeder layer of irradiated fibroblasts, at a clonal density of 10-20 cells/cm² and cultivated for 10 to 14 days. Three flasks per tested condition were fixed and colored in a single 30 mns step using rhodamine B (Sigma) diluted at 0.01 g/ml in 4% paraformaldehyde. In each tested condition, cells from 3 other flasks were numerated after detachment by trypsin treatment. -
Bioinorganic Chemistry
GENERAL I ARTICLE Coordination Chemistry of Life Processes: Bioinorganic Chemistry R N Mukherjee Many enzymes and proteins have metal ions at their active sites that play key roles in catalysis. An important goal of an interdisciplinary field like bioinorganic chem istry is the development of small inorganic coordination complexes that not only reproduce structural and spec troscopic features, but also function in a manner similar to their natural counterparts. To highlight this burgeon The author is a Professor at the Department of ing field, some selected results on synthetic modelling of Chemistry, liT, Kanpur. (i) the electronic structure of manganese cluster of pho His major research tosystem II and (ii) functional modelling of the dinuclear interests include copper enzyme tyrosinase are described in this article. synthetic modelling of molecular Preamble and electronic structural and functional aspects of A Chakravorty has portrayed the life of Alfred Werner, the inven dinuc1ear iron, manga nese and copper tor of coordination theory, in this issue. Needless to say that containing today's inorganic chemistry research cen tres around Werner's co metalloproteins/enzymes ordination theory. Therefore it would be most appropriate to highlight how the discovery of structure and bonding ofcoordina tion compounds finds its expressi<?n in enriching our understand ing of the inorganic chemistry oflife processes. It is now well known that many inorganic elements and their compounds are essential or beneficial for life on earth. Organic compounds are of course essential, because they provide organ isms with such essential compounds as proteins, nuc1eotides, car bohydrates, vitamins and so forth. Inorganic compounds, particu larly metallic ions and complexes, are essential cofactors in a vari ety of enzymes and proteins. -
And Copper Homeostatic Mechanisms in Brain Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 25 September 2012 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00169 Impairment of interrelated iron- and copper homeostatic mechanisms in brain contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders Tina Skjørringe 1,2, Lisbeth Birk Møller 2 andTorben Moos 1* 1 Section of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Institute of Medicine and Health Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark 2 Center for Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Edited by: Iron and copper are important co-factors for a number of enzymes in the brain, including Fernanda Marques, Universidade do enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and myelin formation. Both shortage and Minho, Portugal an excess of iron or copper will affect the brain. The transport of iron and copper into the Reviewed by: Joseph Prohaska, University of brain from the circulation is strictly regulated, and concordantly protective barriers, i.e., the Minnesota Medical School Duluth, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCB) have evolved USA to separate the brain environment from the circulation.The uptake mechanisms of the two Michael Garrick, University at Buffalo, metals interact. Both iron deficiency and overload lead to altered copper homeostasis in USA the brain. Similarly, changes in dietary copper affect the brain iron homeostasis. Moreover, *Correspondence: Torben Moos, Section of the uptake routes of iron and copper overlap each other which affect the interplay between Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute the concentrations of the two metals in the brain. The divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) of Medicine and Health Technology, is involved in the uptake of both iron and copper. -
Chemistry (CHEM) 1
Chemistry (CHEM) 1 CHEMISTRY (CHEM) GenEd Learning Objective: Key Literacies CHEM 5: Kitchen Chemistry CHEM 1: Molecular Science 3 Credits 3 Credits CHEM 5 Kitchen Chemistry (3) (GN)(BA) CHEM 5 focuses on an Selected concepts and topics designed to give non-science majors an elementary discussion of the chemistry associated with foods and appreciation for how chemistry impacts everyday life. Students who cooking. It incorporates lectures and videos, reading, problem-solving, have received credit for CHEM 3, 101, 130, or 110 may not schedule and "edible"; home experiments to facilitate students' understanding of this course. CHEM 1 is designed for students who want to gain a better chemical concepts and scientific inquiry within the context of food and appreciation of chemistry and how it applies to everyone's everyday cooking. Please note that this is a chemistry class presented in a real life. You are expected to have an interest in understanding the nature of world interactive way, not a cooking class! The course will start from a science, but not necessarily to have any formal training in the sciences. primer on food groups and cooking, proceed to the structures of foods, During the course, you will explore important societal issues that can be and end with studies of the physical and chemical changes observed in better understood knowing some concepts in chemistry. The course is foods. Students will develop an enhanced understanding of the chemical largely descriptive, though occasionally a few simple calculations will principles involved in food products and common cooking techniques. be done to illuminate specific information.