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A Short History of Georgian Architecture
A SHORT HISTORY OF GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the meeting place of the European and Asian continents and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern cultures. In classical sources eastern Georgia is called Iberia or Caucasian Iberia, while western Georgia was known to Greeks and Romans as Colchis. Georgia has an elongated form from east to west. Approximately in the centre in the Great Caucasian range extends downwards to the south Surami range, bisecting the country into western and eastern parts. Although this range is not high, it produces different climates on its western and eastern sides. In the western part the climate is milder and on the sea coast sub-tropical with frequent rains, while the eastern part is typically dry. Figure 1 Map of Georgia Georgian vernacular architecture The different climates in western and eastern Georgia, together with distinct local building materials and various cultural differences creates a diverse range of vernacular architectural styles. In western Georgia, because the climate is mild and the region has abundance of timber, vernacular architecture is characterised by timber buildings. Surrounding the timber houses are lawns and decorative trees, which rarely found in the rest of the country. The population and hamlets scattered in the landscape. In eastern Georgia, vernacular architecture is typified by Darbazi, a type of masonry building partially cut into ground and roofed by timber or stone (rarely) constructions known as Darbazi, from which the type derives its name. -
12 Days Explore Turkey - Armenia - Georgia Tour
Full Itinerary & Trip Details 12 DAYS EXPLORE TURKEY - ARMENIA - GEORGIA TOUR Istanbul Tour - Bosphorus and Two Continents - Yerevan, Garni - Geghard, Khor Virap - Noravank - Areni - Selim - Sevan - Dilijan - Haghatsin - Alaverdi - Haghpat - Sanahin - Sadakhlo border - Tbilisi - Mtskheta - Gudauri - Kutaissi - Kutaisi and Gori PRICE STARTING FROM DURATION TOUR ID € 0 € 0 12 days 932 ITINERARY Day 1 : Istanbul - Arrival Day Meet at the Istanbul international Ataturk airport and transfer to your hotel. You will be given your room key and the rest of the day is yours to explore Istanbul. Overnight in Istanbul. Day 2 : Istanbul Tour Breakfast Included Guided Istanbul walking old city tour visiting Topkapi Palace (closed on tuesdays) Hippodrome, Blue Mosque, Aya Sophia Museum (closed on mondays), Underground Cistern, Covered Grand Bazaar (closed on sundays). Overnight in Istanbul. Day 3 : Bosphorus and Two Continents Breakfast Included Pick up at 08:30 from the hotel for the tour of Bosphorus and the Asian part of Istanbul. During the tour we will enjoy a Bosphorus Cruise, having lunch and visiting the Dolmabahce Palace, Bosphorus Bridge, Asian side.Overnight in Istanbul Day 4 : Istanbul - Yerevan - Armenia Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner Included After breakfast check out from the hotel and depart for Istanbul Ataturk International airport. Arrive to Yerevan and you will be transferred from airport to your hotel by one of official guide of Murti’s tour. Check into the hotel where your accommodation has been reserved for the night. You will be given your room key and the rest of the day is yours to enjoy party and explore to Yerevan. Day 5 : Garni - Geghard Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner Included After breakfast you will depart for a guided city tour Garni and Geghard. -
NEWS INBRIEF US House Panel Tells
JULY 30, 2011 MirTHE rARoMENr IAN -Spe ctator Volume LXXXII, NO. 3, Issue 4197 $ 2.00 NEWS IN BRIEF The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Wikileaks Releases Turkish Cable on Armenian Genocide BEIRUT (Tert.am) — Wikileaks has released a cable from the US Consulate in Istanbul dated July 12, 2004, containing Turkish and foreign historians comments on the Turkish govern - ment’s policy of denying the Armenian Genocide, the Lebanon-based Al Joumhouria newspaper Armenia Wins World Chess Team Championship in China reports. According to the cable, the admission of the Armenian Genocide by Turkey is a major obsta - By Hovannes Shoghikian cle to Armenian-Turkish reconciliation. Armenian and other researchers have reason - able doubts over the preservation of archives. NINGBO, China (RFE/RL) — Armenia Prof. Halil Berktay reported at least two won the 2011 World Chess Team attempts to clear the archives of the documents Championship in China on Tuesday, July on crimes against Armenians. 26, solidifying its internationally-recog - In 1991, several high-ranking Turkish military nized status as a chess powerhouse. officials reported an attempted stealing of a The championship, held in the Chinese number of documents from 1918. city of Ningbo, was contested by the Berktay believes that the second attempt was national teams of the world’s 10 leading made when Turgut Ozal, then president of chess nations, including Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, announced his intention to open the India and Azerbaijan. archives. The Armenian team led by Levon Some historians believe that the archive is Aronian, the world’s third-highest-ranked being constantly cleared of documents on the chess player, dominated throughout the Armenian Issue, the cable says. -
20 291 Oversikt
Tel : +47 22413030 | Epost :[email protected]| Web :www.reisebazaar.no Karl Johans gt. 23, 0159 Oslo, Norway Highlights of Azerbaijan & Georgia Turkode Destinasjoner Turen starter KFSB Azerbaijan - Georgia Baku Turen destinasjon Reisen er levert av 10 dager Tbilisi Fra : NOK 20 291 Oversikt Spend 10-days in Azerbaijan and Georgia, where historical old towns and monasteries sit comfortably alongside towering skyscrapers. Discover warmth and pride among the ostensible austerity of Azerbaijan culture, then cross into Georgia to devour medieval ruins and traditional wines alike. Visit one of Europe's largest open-air rock museums, warm your hands against a mountain that is forever on fire, walk through the gardens of a local Kakheti family and then chat to them about provincial life over a hearty lunch. From cities to mountains, this trip guarantees encounters that will stay with you forever. Reiserute Baku Welcome to Azerbaijan! Your adventure begins with a welcome meeting at 1 pm. After the formalities are out of the way, head out on a walking tour of Baku with your leader. Take a wander through the Old City, entering through the Shemakha Gate and heading to the cylindrical Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, an impressive complex made even more spectacular by the fact that it’s framed by a modern skyline. Finish in the Old Market Square. Enjoy a free evening to do as you please. If you’re searching for somewhere to eat, ask your leader to point you in the direction of Nizami Street, where local restaurants line this busy boulevard. -
15 Day Georgian Holidays Cultural & Sightseeing Tours
15 Day Georgian Holidays Cultural & Sightseeing Tours Overview Georgian Holidays - 15 Days/14 Nights Starts from: Tbilisi Available: April - October Type: Private multy-day cultural tour Total driving distance: 2460 km Duration: 15 days Tour takes off in the capital Tbilisi, and travels through every corner of Georgia. Visitors are going to sightsee major cities and towns, provinces in the highlands of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains, the shores of the Black Sea, natural wonders of the West Georgia, traditional wine- making areas in the east, and all major historico-cultural monuments of the country. This is very special itinerary and covers almost all major sights in Tbilisi, Telavi, Mtskheta, Kazbegi, Kutaisi, Zugdidi, Mestia, and Batumi. Tour is accompanied by professional and experienced guide and driver that will make your journey smooth, informational and unforgettable. Preview or download tour description file (PDF) Tour details Code: TB-PT-GH-15 Starts from: Tbilisi Max. Group Size: 15 Adults Duration: 15 Days Prices Group size Price per adult Solo 3074 € 2-3 people 1819 € 4-5 people 1378 € 6-7 people 1184 € 8-9 people 1035 € 10-15 people 1027 € *Online booking deposit: 60 € The above prices (except for solo) are based on two people sharing a twin/double room accommodation. 1 person from the group will be FREE of charge if 10 and more adults are traveling together Child Policy 0-1 years - Free 2-6 years - 514 € *Online booking deposit will be deducted from the total tour price. As 7 years and over - Adult for the remaining sum, you can pay it with one of the following methods: Bank transfer - in Euro/USD/GBP currency, no later than two weeks before the tour starts VISA/Mastercard - in GEL (local currency) in Tbilisi only, before the tour starts, directly to your guide via POS terminal. -
Tour to Georgia 10 Days /9 Nights
TOUR TO GEORGIA 10 DAYS /9 NIGHTS Day 1: Arrival at Tbilisi Meeting at the airport, transfer to the hotel. Free time. Overnight at the hotel in Tbilisi. Day 2. Tbilisi (B/L/-) Breakfast at the hotel. Tour of the historic part of the city, which begins with a visit to the Metekhi Temple, which is one of the most famous monuments in Tbilisi. This temple was honored in the 13th century, on the very edge of the stony shore of the Kura and the former fortress and residence of the Georgian kings. The first Georgian martyr, Queen Shushanika Ranskaya, was buried under the arches of the Metekhi temple. Inspection of the Tbilisi sulfur baths, which are built in the style of classical oriental architecture. These are low, squat buildings, covered with semicircular domes with large glass openings in the center, serving as windows that illuminate the interior, as the baths themselves are below ground level. In the old days, people here not only bathed, but also talked, lingering until dawn, and the city matchmakers arranged special days on special days. In the baths gave dinner parties, concluded trade deals. Walk on the square Maidan, which was the main shopping area of the city and along small streets known under the common name "Sharden". Narikala Fortress, which is the most ancient monument, a kind of "soul and heart of the city." The date of construction of the fortress is called approximately IV century AD, so it stands from the foundation of the city itself. Later, the fortress was expanded and completed several times. -
Discover Armenia 06 Nights / 07 Days Package Highlights
Discover Armenia 06 Nights / 07 Days Package Highlights: Yerevan: o Yerevan City Tour o Republic Square o Opera House o Cascade Complex o Mother Armenia Statue o Tsitsernakaberd Genocide Complex o Vernissage Market Areni: o Etchmiadzin Cathedral And Museum o Areni Wine factory o Areni 1 Cave Noravank Monastery o Khor-Virap Dilijan o Lake Sevan o Haghartsin Monastery o Visit to Tsaghkadzor Town with Cable Car Garni – Gerghard Monastery o Temple of Garni o Gerghard Monastery o Megerian Carpet Museum o Etchmiadzin Cathedral Meal: 06 Breakfasts & 06 Dinner Hotel List: - o Yerevan: Ani Plaza Hotel or DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Yerevan City Centre Or Similar Suggested Day Wise Itinerary Day 01: Armenia - Welcomes You!!! Welcome to Armenia!!! On Arrival Proceed to Immigration Formalities. Later, Meet & Greet by Our Local Representative / Tour Manager. Later, Sit Back in The Comfort of Your Coach, As We Drive You To Hotel. Afternoon Check-In to Hotel and Relax on Your First Full Day by Getting Familiar With Your Hotel And Enjoy Hotel Amenities. In Evening, Enjoy Dinner at Indian Restaurant. Overnight, Stay at Hotel. Meal: Dinner Day 02: City Tour of Yerevan | Tsitsernakaberd Genocide Complex After an American Breakfast at Hotel, today we will explore Yerevan City. We start our City Tour with Republic Square which Is the Central Town Square in Yerevan, – also famously called “Heart of Yerevan”. It Consists of Two Sections: An Oval Roundabout and A Trapezoid-Shaped Section Which Contains A Pool with Musical Fountains. This Architectural Ensemble Includes the Government House, The History Museum and The National Gallery, Armenia Marriott Hotel and The Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Transport and Communications. -
Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation, 2006
State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II giving vast valuable data for the study of the written GEORGIA language in general and making it possible to deal with the origin of Georgian written language anew. Historical Monuments of Mtskheta As provided in ICOMOS evaluation Brief description The nomination dossier submitted by the Republic of Georgia was accompanied by a number of books The historic churches of Mtskheta, former capital of and other documents. Most of these are written in Georgia, are outstanding examples of medieval Russian or Georgian, neither of which is a working religious architecture in the Caucasus. They show language of the World Heritage Convention. The the high artistic and cultural level attained by this most useful book, Georgien: Wehrbauten und ancient kingdom. Kirchen, is in German, another non-working language. More importantly, the only map provided 1. Introduction showing the “Protective Zones of Mtskheta”, was a very small-scale photographic print of a much larger Year(s) of Inscription 1994 map; the barely decipherable legends were, in any case, all in Georgian. However, new maps showing Agency responsible for site management the areas proposed for inscription on the World • World Heritage National Committee, Ministry of Heritage List, together with buffer zones, were Culture supplied to the mission, together with a summary of 4, Sanapiros St., 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia the Georgian protection legislation, as required by E-mail: [email protected] the Operational Guidelines. Website: www.mc.gov.ge Recommendation: That this property be inscribed on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria iii • Mtskheta Museum-Reserve and iv: 54, Agmashenebeli St., Mtskheta, Georgia Phone +995 93 35 18 14 Criterion iii: The group of churches at Mtskheta bear testimony to the high level and art and culture of the vanished Kingdom of Georgia, which played 2. -
Post-Conference Event 5 Days Tour – 790 EUR Per Person (April 28-May 2, 2019)
Post-Conference Event 5 Days tour – 790 EUR per person (April 28-May 2, 2019) Day1: Yerevan, Geghard, Garni, Sevan, Dilijan, Dzoraget ✓ Breakfast at the hotel • Geghard Geghard Monastery is 40km south-east from Yerevan. Geghard Monastery carved out of a huge monolithic rock. Geghard is an incredible ancient Armenian monastery, partly carved out of a mountain. It is said that the Holy Lance that pierced the body of Christ was kept here. The architectural forms and the decoration of Geghard’s rock premises show that Armenian builders could not only create superb works of architecture out of stone, but also hew them in solid rock. It is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. • Garni From Geghard it is 11km to Garni Temple. Garni Pagan Temple, the only Hellenistic temple in the Caucasus. Gracing the hillside the temple was dedicated to the God of Sun, Mithra and comprises also royal palace ruins, Roman Baths with a well preserved mosaic. Lunch in Garni also Master class of traditional Armenian bread “lavash” being baked in tonir (ground oven). The preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armeniahas been inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. • Sevan Visit to Sevan Lake which is 80 km from Garni temple. Sevan Lake is the largest lake in Armenia and the Caucasus region. With an altitude of 1,900 meters above sea level, it’s one of the highest lakes in the world. The name Sevan is of Urartian origin, and is derived of Siuna, meaning county of lakes. -
CBD Sixth National Report
SIXTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity EXECUTIVE SUMMERY The issues concerning the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity of the Republic of Armenia are an important and integral part of the country's environmental strategy that are aimed at the prevention of biodiversity loss and degradation of the natural environment, ensuring the biological diversity and human well- being. Armenia's policy in this field is consistent with the following goals set out in the 2010-2020 Strategic Plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter CBD): 1. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 2. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 3. To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 4. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services (hereinafter ES) 5. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building. The government of the Republic of Armenia approved ''the Strategy and National Action Plan of the Republic of Armenia on Conservation, Protection, Reproduction and Use of Biological Diversity'' (BSAP) in 2015 based on the CBD goals and targets arising thereby supporting the following directions of the strategy of the Republic of Armenia on biodiversity conservation and use: 2 Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 1. Improvement of legislative and institutional frameworks related to biodiversity. 2. Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem conservation and restoration of degraded habitats. 3. Reduction of the direct pressures on biodiversity and promotion of sustainable use. -
Exploring the Caucasus Georgia & Armenia September 13-29, 2022
Exploring the Caucasus Georgia & Armenia September 13-29, 2022 17 days for $4,774 total price from Washington, DC ($4,295 air & land inclusive plus $479 airline taxes and fees) This tour is provided by Odysseys Unlimited, six-time honoree Travel & Leisure’s World’s Best Tour Operators award. An Exclusive Small Group Tour for Members of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Dear VMFA Members, Travel with us on an exclusive 17-day small group journey through the captivating countries of Georgia and Armenia, with the grand Caucasus Mountains as our backdrop. We begin in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. During our stay, we visit three UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Khor-Virap, with biblical Mt. Ararat as its backdrop. We also visit the Greek temple at Garni and sample the famous Armenian brandy. We then continue to Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, with a one-night stay at beautiful Lake Sevan en route. We explore the capital and enjoy a full-day excursion to Georgia’s famous wine country. Next, we travel north through the Greater Caucasus Mountains for a stay in Stepantsminda, at the foot of 16,500-foot Mount Kazbek. Here, we visit mountain villages, take in the stunning vistas, and enjoy a home-hosted lunch with a local family. Our final stop is Borjomi, a resort town in the Lesser Caucasus range; then we head back to Tbilisi for one night. For guests wishing to continue on, a 5-day/4-night post-tour extension to Azerbaijan is available. Space on this exciting program is limited and will fill quickly. -
EUROPE a Albania • National Historical Museum – Tirana, Albania
EUROPE A Albania • National Historical Museum – Tirana, Albania o The country's largest museum. It was opened on 28 October 1981 and is 27,000 square meters in size, while 18,000 square meters are available for expositions. The National Historical Museum includes the following pavilions: Pavilion of Antiquity, Pavilion of the Middle Ages, Pavilion of Renaissance, Pavilion of Independence, Pavilion of Iconography, Pavilion of the National Liberation Antifascist War, Pavilion of Communist Terror, and Pavilion of Mother Teresa. • Et'hem Bey Mosque – Tirana, Albania o The Et’hem Bey Mosque is located in the center of the Albanian capital Tirana. Construction was started in 1789 by Molla Bey and it was finished in 1823 by his son Ethem Pasha (Haxhi Ethem Bey), great- grandson of Sulejman Pasha. • Mount Dajt – Tirana, Albania o Its highest peak is at 1,613 m. In winter, the mountain is often covered with snow, and it is a popular retreat to the local population of Tirana that rarely sees snow falls. Its slopes have forests of pines, oak and beech. Dajti Mountain was declared a National Park in 1966, and has since 2006 an expanded area of about 29,384 ha. It is under the jurisdiction and administration of Tirana Forest Service Department. • Skanderbeg Square – Tirana, Albania o Skanderbeg Square is the main plaza of Tirana, Albania named in 1968 after the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg. A Skanderbeg Monument can be found in the plaza. • Skanderbeg Monument – Skanderberg Square, Tirana, Albania o The monument in memory of Skanderbeg was erected in Skanderbeg Square, Tirana.