Tea Cultivation in Sri Lanka Pdf Sinhala
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Tea cultivation in sri lanka pdf sinhala Continue It was in 1824 that the first tea plant was brought from China by the British and planted in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Peradeniya, Kandy. It is considered to be the first non-commercial tea culture grown in the country. Almost two decades later, in 1867, James Taylor, The Scotsman was given the task of growing tea on just 19 acres of land at loolecondera Estate in Kandy. This is considered to be the first commercial harvest of tea to be grown. With the devastating coffee blight that swept through coffee plantations, coffee cultivators switched to tea as an alternative commercial culture. Taylor earger experimenting with tea, soon set up his own tea factory, probably the first in the country on the veranda of his bungalow in the Loolecondera Estate. Here the leaves were rolled by hand on the tables and the shooting, made on clay stoves over charcoal fires, with wire trays to sell the leaves. The end result was a delicious tea, probably the first commercial cup to be brewed. Taylor later created a basic mechanism for rolling leaves, there were many people to support his tea process, and a year later he sent 23 pounds of tea to London. Taylor continued to develop the tea industry with his innovative thinking until he died in 1892 at the age of fifty-seven. Less common nowadays than in the early days, the sloping slope is cleared of trees and shrubs for planting with tea. Heavy wood, often valuable, is removed, and the remaining cutting is burned, as a result of ash helps fertilize the soil. Preparation In preparation for planting, the land must be surveyed, lining to mark the future position of each bush, drained and holed to get the plants. Proper drainage is vital; the ideal option is a clean drain with a minimum of erosion. Planting Originally grown from seeds, either on site or in a nursery, the tea is being reproduced by a vegetative spread or cutting. The traditional planting scheme, with bushes located in geometric clusters, was frozen in the 1960s by a contour landing that closely follows the hillside line. Trees are planted among the tea to provide partial shade and further control of soil erosion. Early planters ate their fields clean, losing tons of topsoil with each downpour of rain. Today, the only U.S. that can harm the tea is chosen, the rest left to help bind the soil. However, the loss of topsoil remains a problem; how to overcome this is the subject of much controversy, research and experimentation in Sri Lanka's National Institute of Tea Research and elsewhere. Fertilization While the proportion of organically produced Ceylon tea collected annually increases to keep up with demand, usually grown teas must also pass Rules of the Tea Council on chemical content. This not only leads to a safer and healthier product, but also helps protect the environment. Pruning tea bushes like vines, vines, and to periodic injuries. The pruning, which begins before the plant matures sufficiently for plucking, is repeated every couple of years after that, causing the bush to grow horizontally rather than vertically. Performed with a special knife, pruning is a strenuous and complex manual operation that resists automation. Human skill is an integral part of this process. The plucking of tea collection, or plucking, as is known in trade, continues all year round, although different regions produce their best teas at different times of the year due to climate change associated with them. Pluckers, mostly women, limit themselves to two tenderest leaves and a bud that grow on the very top of each stem. Rough collection leads to poor-quality tea. Tea Plantation (Dambatenne Estates) at about 1,800 m above sea level in Haputale, Hill Country Ceylon tea logo Tea production is one of the main sources of foreign exchange for Sri Lanka (formerly called Ceylon), and accounts for 2% of GDP, making more than $1.5 billion in 2013 to sri Lanka's economy. It employs more than 1 million people, directly or indirectly, and in 1995 215,338 people worked directly on tea plantations and estates. In addition, the planting of tea by small farmers is a source of employment for thousands of people, while it is also the main means of subsistence for tens of thousands of families. Sri Lanka is the fourth largest tea producer in the world. In 1995 it was the world's leading exporter of tea (rather than producer), with 23% of the world's total exports, but since then it has been surpassed by Kenya. The highest production of 340 million kg was recorded in 2013, while production in 2014 was slightly reduced to 338 million kg. Humidity, cool temperatures and precipitation in the central highlands of the country provide a climate conducive to the production of high-quality tea. On the other hand, tea produced in low-altitude areas such as Matara, Halle and Ratanapura with high rainfall and warm temperatures has high levels of astringent properties. The production of tea biomass is higher in low elevation areas. Such tea is popular in the Middle East. The industry was introduced to the country in 1867 by James Taylor, a British planter who arrived in 1852. The planting of tea in small farmers became popular in the 1970s. The history of the old Ceylon tea tin before the Cinnamon Tea Era was the first crop to receive state sponsorship in India, while the island was under partisan Dutch control. During the administration of the Dutch governor, Iman Willem Falk, cinnamon plantations were established in Colombo, Maradan and Cinnamon in 1767. Britain's first governor, Frederick North, banned private cinnamon, thereby ensuring a monopoly on the cinnamon plantation for the East India Company. However, the economic downturn in the 1830s England and other European countries have touched on cinnamon plantations on Ceylon. This led to their write-off by William Colbrook in 1833. Finding cinnamon unprofitable, the British turned to coffee. Hemileia vastatrix, or coffee rust, which led to the fall in coffee production and the transition to the tea industry By the early 1800s Ceylonians already knew about coffee. In the 1870s, coffee plantations were devastated by a fungal disease called Hemileia vastatrix or coffee rust, better known as coffee leaf disease or coffee decay. The death of the coffee industry marked the end of an era when most of the island's plantations were devoted to the production of coffee beans. Planters experimented with cocoa and cinchona as alternative crops, but not because of the infestation of Helopeltis antonii, citation is necessary, so that in the 1870s almost all remaining coffee planters in Ceylon switched to the production and cultivation of tea. The James Taylor Tea Plantation Foundation in Kandy, Sri Lanka in the 1860s In 1824, the tea plant was hung (smuggled) to Ceylon by the British from China and planted in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Peradia for non-commercial purposes. Further experimental tea plants were brought from Assam and Kolkata in India to Peradia in 1839 through the East India Company and in the following years. In 1839, the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce was established, followed by the Ceylon Planters Association in 1854. In 1867, James Taylor celebrated the birth of the tea industry in Ceylon by starting a tea plantation at the Luleconda estate (Pronounced Lul- Ka(n)dura in Singala- කර) in Kandy in 1867. He was only 17 years old when he came to Loolcandra, Sri Lanka. The original tea plantation was only 19 acres (76,890 m2). In 1872, Taylor started a fully equipped tea factory on the Loolkandura estate and this year the first sale of Loolecondra (Loolkandura) tea was made in Kandy. In 1873, the first batch of Ceylon tea arrived in London, weighing about 23 pounds (10 kg). Sir Arthur Conan Doyle noted the creation of tea plantations: ... Ceylon's tea fields are as true a monument to courage as the lion at Waterloo. Soon enough, the plantations surrounding Lawland, including Hope, Rookwood and Muloya in the east and Le Wallon and Stellenberg in the south, began to switch to tea and were among the first tea estates to be established on the island. The total population of Sri Lanka was 2,584,780 according to the 1871 census. 1871 Demographic distribution and population in plantation areas are given below: 15 Kandy District, heart of tea production in Sri Lanka 1871 demographic distribution District Common population No. estates Population real estate % population on kandi district estates 625 81 476 31.53 Badulla District 129000 130 15 555 12.06 Matale District 71 724 111 13 052 18.2 Ke District 10 5 287 40 3790 3.6 Sabaragamuva 92 277 3 3 227 3.5 Nuwara Elia District 36 184 21 308 0.0 85 Kurunegala District 207,885 21 2,393 1.15 Matara District 143,379 11 1,072 0.75 Total 1,044,168 996 x123.6 The growth and history of commercial production of Henry Randolph Trafford, one of the pioneers of tea cultivation in Ceylon in the 1880s, the production of tea at Ceylon increased dramatically in the 1880s and by 1888 the area of growing more than the area of coffee, almost 400,000 acres (1619 km2) in 1899. The only Ceylon planter who decided to make tea at an early stage was Charles Henry de Soys. British figures such as Henry Randolph Trafford arrived at Ceylon and bought coffee estates in places like Poyston, near Cundy, in 1880, which was the centre of Ceylon's coffee culture at the time.