Ambassador Hill Gives Walker Lecture “...the development of China has been the story of the century so far.” Diplomacy is an art that requires patience and a long view toward progress, a top American diplomat told the audience at the MacMillan Center for the annual George Herbert Walker Jr. Lecture in International Studies on April 24.

Christopher R. Hill is Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs. He’s been the chief U.S. negotiator in the six-party talks over North Korea’s nuclear weapons program that include North and South Korea, China, Russia, Japan and the U.S.

Hill said progress has been slow, but achievements have been made, and he’s looking forward to the last phase, in which North Korea will declare its nuclear materials and turn them over to the international community, “and North Korea would then be de-nuclearized and would return to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Verification is the key to all of this,” he said. “There’s no ‘Trust me’ in the six-party process. It is all about our ability to verify commitments that people make, and we will make sure From left: Ian Shapiro, Henry R. Luce Director, The MacMillan Center; Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs; our verification regime within the six parties can deal and George Herbert Walker III, formerly the United States Ambassador to Hungary. adequately with these problems.” continued on page 11… New Modern Middle East Studies Major Rinpoche Visits Yale Bhutanese Lama Khyentse Rinpoche, the third Less than one year after South Asian Studies major was added to the recognized reincarnation of the Buddhist saint, curriculum, Yale College faculty members voted unanimously this past February for the creation of a new, interdisciplinary Modern Middle Jamyang Wangpo, makes rare appearance. East Studies major. Students may declare the major beginning in the 2008-09 academic year. Through the efforts of Phyllis Granoff, Lex “Buddhism is a study of life and self, Hixon Professor of World Religions and and how we look at the world. Film [acts “The creation of the Modern Middle East Studies major really South Asian Studies Council Chair, Yale had like] a utensil to that end.” Recalling the represents the culmination of effort of numerous colleagues under the rare opportunity to meet a great figure shocked reaction of many Westerners the leadership of Middle East Studies Chair Ellen Lust-Okar,” said in Tibetan Buddhism, the Bhutanese Lama when they discover he’s a filmmaker and Henry R. Luce Director Ian Shapiro, The MacMillan Center. “We are Khyentse Rinpoche, the third recognized lama, Rinpoche humorously commented actively searching for incremental faculty to assist in this important reincarnation of the Buddhist saint, “I don’t see filmmaking effort. To this end, the Department of Anthropology has appointed Jamyang Wangpo. On January 25, as sacrilegious. There Assistant Professor Narges Erami, who will begin teaching in fall 09, he met a small group of faculty are worse things and additional searches are underway.” and students for lunch, and I do than making participated in an afternoon films!” He compared The Modern Middle East Studies major, spearheaded by members discussion about the early Buddhism’s of the Council on Middle East Studies at the MacMillan Center study of Buddhism in discouragement for Area and International Studies and professors in the Near Western Academia. on statues of Eastern Languages and Civilizations department, will largely That evening, the Buddha consist of existing courses offered in Near Eastern Languages and Rinpoche lectured to modern Literatures and other departments relating to the Middle East. The to a group of reactions 12-course major requires students to attain proficiency in one of four 500 students, against Middle Eastern languages – Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, or Turkish. teachers, and Buddhist Foundational requirements include three term courses including others on films. He Modern Thought; Classical Thought; and Seminar on the Modern “Projecting commented Middle East. Elective courses must include six further term courses the Dharma: that “maybe on the modern Middle East that examine culture and thought, history, Film and the even video religion, politics and society. Courses are to be spread geographically Transmission games can be and substantively including courses focusing on at least two different of Buddhism to used to bring us sub-regions and from two or more departments. the West.” closer to the truth.” “I have been lucky with For details on the major, films,” stated please consult the Yale College Bulletin. Rinpoche. continued on page 5…

The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale

NewsletterSpr08.indd 1 5/5/08 4:04:01 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan

IR Students See Policy Being Made in Laos

Children are often referred to as the future Observing national policy-making leaders of nations and the key to economic up-close was a novel experience growth and development. In order to reach for the Yale students. Liora their full potential, however, a growing Danan, International Relations body of research suggests that it is essential MA ’09, noted that, “It was really to focus on early childhood development interesting to observe the process (ECD). This also makes economic sense; and see what worked and what did there is a high return on investments in not work as well. This is really early childhood, especially in comparison to helpful for those of us who will costly interventions later on. Over spring be doing this type of work in the break, eight graduate students traveled future.” During the course of the with Pia Rebello Britto, Associate Research workshop, participants discussed Scientist, Child Study Center at Yale, and various aspects of ECD policy Cheryl Doss, Director of Graduate Studies, including governance, financing, International Relations, to the Lao People’s and accountability. One of the Democratic Republic to examine these main obstacles identified for the issues in a Laotian context. implementation of this policy is the cultural and linguistic diversity Laos is a mountainous, landlocked country of Laos. The Deputy Director in Southeast Asia. Currently ranked as of the Department of Statistics a Least Developed Country (LDC), its noted that there are 49 different economic and social development indicators ethnic groups in Laos, with at least are among the poorest in the world. The as many spoken dialects. There Laotian government is committed to are also wide regional variations, in other countries.” While Laos has a long the norm in Laos, where many children graduating from the ranks of LDCs by particularly between rural and urban way to go in order to leave the ranks of lack access to basic primary education and 2020, and has decided to invest in ECD as areas, which compound the problems of LDCs, investing in ECD is a promising health care. one of its primary strategies for doing so. predominantly rural ethnic minorities. The pathway toward this goal. The government invited Professor Rebello Deputy Director of Statistics stated that the Britto to conduct a four-day workshop, literacy rate for one ethnic minority, the Outside of the workshop, the Yale students in conjunction with UNICEF and Plan Akha, is only 11 percent. visited several kindergartens in the capital International, for over 60 different Laotian city Vientiane. Jael Humphrey-Skomer, stakeholders, including government The workshop illustrated the challenges a joint International Relations and Law officials, legislators, and representatives of designing and implementing national student ’08, spoke to the preschoolers from Laotian unions and nongovernmental ECD policy in a developing country. It also about the importance of their education, organizations (NGOs), with the goal of emphasized the benefits of a partnership urging them to study hard. She pointed formulating a comprehensive national ECD between national governments and out that, “We are students, just like policy. international experts. Pauline Hilmy, you. We first went to kindergarten, then International Relations MA ’08, observed primary school, then secondary school, and that, “The international consultant team finally university.” The kindergarten visits brought a lot of expertise about early highlighted the regional differences in Laos. childhood development to this The kindergartens in Vientiane had brightly process. There was also much to decorated classrooms, playgrounds, and be gained from their experience average student-teacher ratios of 20 to 1. with ECD policy development However, high quality preschools are not

Left to right: Liora Danan (IR ’09), Sinéad Hunt (IR ’09), Cheryl Doss (DGS, IR), Jael Humphrey (IR/Law ’08), Lesley Yen (IR/FES ’10), Janice Wu (East Asian Studies ’08), Pilyoung Kim (Child Study Center), Nurper Ulkuer (UNICEF representative from New York City headquarters), and Pia Rebello Britto kneeling in front.

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 2 5/5/08 4:04:06 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan Narrative, Memory, and History in Indonesian Arts, Media, and Culture

The Yale Indonesia Forum, with support from the Council on Southeast Asia Studies and the Department of History, hosted a workshop on April 12, bringing seven Panel Held on Tibetan junior and senior scholars from across the continent into an interdisciplinary dialogue. The day began with papers by Demonstrations Tony Day, and independent researcher and visiting professor at Wesleyan University, and Intan Paramaditha, a graduate On April 17, The Yale Globalist, student in Film Studies at New York University. Professor Day’s presentation with support from the MacMillan on “Landscape and Memory in Indonesia” took examples from paintings, literature, Center, hosted a panel discussion and film to demonstrate the contested and memory-charged approach to place on the demonstrations that have in Indonesian arts. Ms. Paramaditha besieged Tibet and China’s reaction also used multiple media in her paper, “Excavating Fragmented Memories: to them. Contemporary Indonesian Films on the 1965 Coup,” building from monuments to The panel featured Jake Dalton, Assistant Professor of film in creating and revising memories of a Religious Studies; Peter Perdue, Professor of History; historical event. Pierre Landry, Associate Professor of Political Science; and Bruce Blair, Yale’s Buddhist chaplain. Charles Hill, Lecturer The second panel of the day focused on in International Studies, moderated. Indonesian music. Professor Sumarsam of Wesleyan University spoke on “When The panelists explored the issue from the perspective of a ‘Dhalang’ Reads al-Fatiha in His their specialization, thus offering a variety of views on Wayang Performance.” This topic pulled the situation. Dalton, a specialist on pre-modern Tibetan in examples from the New Order era and Buddhism who has traveled widely in Tibet, lamented that today to reveal the complex relationship rioting has disrupted on-the-ground programs that were between the state, traditional music and making progress developing the local economy, which he arts performance, and Islam. Julia Byl, a believes are essential to improve the Tibetan situation. graduate of the University of Michigan He emphasized what he called “the lost middle,” that program in ethnomusicology, looked at is, Tibetans living in Tibet, as opposed to the polarized another aspect of the relationship between Chinese on one side and exiled Tibetans on the other. music and religion in her presentation “Positioning Toba Batak Musical History.” Perdue and Landry, specialists in East Asian history and Analyzing various styles of traditional Toba Chinese politics respectively, were more focused on China. Batak music, Professor Byl argued for deep Perdue focused on Chinese nationalist rhetoric that “drives connections and mutual influence between out moderate voices” and “invokes violence irresponsibly,” the music of this non-Muslim, supposedly citing incidents at Duke and MIT where moderate Chinese isolated group and their Muslim neighbors, were harassed. even in the midst of continuing Batak musical and cultural innovation and Landry urged listeners to look beyond Tibet, saying, “If evolution. we care about the well-being of Tibetans, it is best not to engage China on the issue of Tibet but instead ask: ‘How The third panel brought together leading are ethnic minorities treated?’” He added that Tibetan scholars on two other media for cultural demonstrations might be the first indications of wider expression: architecture and television. discontent throughout China’s poorer regions. Professor Abidin Kusno of the University of British Columbia spoke on “Architecture Blair, who has studied with the Dalai Lama’s spiritual and National Imagining in Post-Suharto teacher, steered the conversation away from academia and Indonesia,” examining new directions shared a spiritual perspective that looked to Tibet for the in private home and mall “superblock” “Dalai Lama’s call for nonviolence” and applied that to architecture to determine how Jakarta Yale life. architects are responding to the city’s legacy of class division. Professor Gareth Barkin Elaine Sullivan, PC ’10, found Blair the most interesting of the University of Puget Sound undertook panelist for his remarks on spirituality. “He made it so to explain the audience positioning in new global,” she explained. television programming that alienates Indonesian viewers from characters of The panel provided a refreshing conversation on Tibet that their own class in his presentation “The moved beyond media coverage, as well as an opportunity Foreignizing Gaze: Elite Ways of Looking for Yale scholars and spiritual leaders to illuminate those at Indonesian Television.” real issues. As Dalton concluded, “Tibet has a history of being romanticized. There is a fascination in the West After dinner, the day wrapped up with that dehumanizes Tibetans themselves. It brings a lot of a screening and discussion of Aryo attention to Tibet but obscures real issues.” Danusiri’s ethno-documentary about West Papua, Lukas’ Moment. Danusiri, a graduate student in Visual Anthropology at Harvard, recorded the work of youth in the small town of Merauke to ensure their financial and education future through a shrimping business supported by local and international NGOs.

In addition to the speakers and the organizers of the Yale Indonesia Forum, the workshop was attended by Yale professors, graduate and undergraduate students, as well as representatives from the Connecticut Indonesian community, students from other regional universities, and several members of the New Haven community. More information is available at www.yale.edu/seas/IndonesiaArts.htm.

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 3 5/5/08 4:04:17 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan Security, Individual Rights & Minority Communities after 9/11

communities Louay M. Safi of the Islamic Society of that we have a choice of becoming one to a history of North America (ISNA) discussed the of two models of an information state: terrorist tactics, experience of many American Muslims authoritarian or democratic. The former is the discussion who have been branded as “terrorists” in a miser, seeking and hiding information it investigated legal, the public eye and who have experienced gathers with no clear purpose. The latter social, and political intrusive surveillance measures. He is a philanthropist, gathering only what it implications for noted that the careless overusage of needs, freely giving information about its the post-9/11 terminology such as Islamofacism or operations, thus allowing us to “watch the experience. Islamic fundamentalism greatly alienates watchers.” American Muslims. He also pointed out General Counsel that terrorism is not an identity that could Finally, Professor Beverly Gage, a Yale at the FBI, Valerie be ascribed to one particular ideology or historian, contextualized post-9/11 realities Caproni, in an group, but rather a tactic that many actors within the longer history of terrorism in effort to improve have used for various reasons throughout the United States. Tracing its origins to transparency in history. the late 19th century, she underscored the the FBI’s policies point that “if terrorism is a tactic, then it in surveillance, has been used by a variety of groups for a emphasized the “If terrorism is a tactic, variety of reasons, in a variety of contexts.” legal significance Gage described terrorist acts that occurred of FISA (Foreign then it has been used by between 1870-1930 associated with Intelligence anarchist groups and labor movements. Surveillance Act) a variety of groups for a These acts were met with reactions that to regulating of bear striking resemblance to what we see FBI investigations. variety of reasons, in a today – restrictions on violence-inspiring She noted the variety of contexts.” speech and a chilling distrust of foreigners. importance of ensuring that Professor Reva Siegel of the Yale Law A community discussion following the information School addressed the elusive issue of panel echoed many of these themes, collected is relevant racial profiling in surveillance tactics. dominated by a clear sense of discontent to an investigation She criticized the courts for leaching and frustration with the legal frameworks and warned against out any possible acknowledgement of for challenging current surveillance broad-based racial bias, unconscious or intentional, practices, particularly those applied to surveillance tactics. in investigations, citing too narrow a Muslims. How do we maintain national security However, Caproni definition of “what counts” as race- while also protecting individual civil acknowledged that innocent people do based profiling, a tendency to rule liberties? On March 25, the Council on sometimes get caught up in the mix: “Do acknowledgement of race as description Middle East hosted a panel and community we investigate innocent people? Absolutely. rather than profiling, and a lack of judicial discussion around this quandary through That’s the cost of doing business. oversight. presentations by scholars, legal experts, and Sometimes we’re wrong. If we set the bar other professionals in conversation with so that we never miss a bad guy, it means “Will we be information gluttons or Yale and New Haven community members. we’re occasionally going to investigate some information gourmets?” Professor Jack Surveying topics from FBI surveillance people that are not terrorists or criminals.” Balkin of the Yale Law School suggested techniques to the experience of Muslim

Comparing Latin American Security Regimes to the U.S. ‘War on Terror’

’A panel discussion at the Yale Law School America, was at stake. It was seen as a war on February 7 served as the introduction course, in the end, why they must on terrorism. You get a similar sense of airports have not formally entered U.S. to an all-day symposium, “Disappearance be stopped.” He said that in today’s argument that is made today.” territory); and all three were interrogated and Extraordinary Rendition: Comparing terminology of the war on terrorism – with methods impermissible under U.S. Latin American Security Regimes to the black sites, ghost detainees, waterboarding, Steven M. Watt, a Senior Staff Attorney and international laws, including torture.” U.S. ‘War on Terror.’” The symposium rendition – one can hear the echo of the with the Human Rights Program of the was organized by the Council on Latin past vocabulary of terror in words like “los American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), The next speaker, Juan E Méndez, American and Iberian Studies of the desaparecidos” and “Operation Condor.” specializes in litigation before federal courts President of the International Center for MacMillan Center and the Orville H. and international tribunals. He focused his Transitional Justice in New York and an Schell, Jr. Center for International That operation was “a Southern Cone remarks on the direct involvement of the Argentinian torture survivor, pointed Human Rights at the Law School. Joanne rendition United States out that in Velásquez Rodríguez v. Mariner, Director of the Terrorism and program – a in the system Honduras, the Inter-American Court ruled Counterterrorism Program at Human cross-border of enforced that disappearances are a crime against Rights Watch, chaired the event. collaboration “The U.S. is increasingly disappearances humanity, and the state is obligated to between the through its prevent disappearances by due diligence, The panel’s first speaker, Peter Kornbluh, military regimes disabled from raising “terrorist to investigate those that occur, to disclose Senior Analyst at the National Security and their human rights concerns interrogation the truth, to punish the perpetrators, to Archive and currently directs the Archive’s secret police program,” with offer reparations to the victims, and to Chile Documentation Project, began by services – in with other countries, the CIA as the reform the institutions so they are no saying that the history of repression eight countries,” lead agency. He longer used to conduct disappearances. in Latin America in the 1970s and Kornbluh said. because of a growing said the program This is a legal framework, he said, that has ’80s “is essentially a mirror – a The modus has the same been ratified over and over by international mirror for us not only to reflect upon operandi of global perception that our components bodies. “The most effective way to counter these atrocities, but a mirror in which we Operation as Operation disappearances,” he said, “is to insist on can see our own reflection. I think Condor and own hands are not clean.” Condor – legal prosecution.” it can shed considerable light on Bush’s War intelligence our own actions – what they on Terror was sharing, Mendez said in Operation Condor, abuses mean, how we are seen, how similar: both involved intelligence sharing, kidnapping, rendition flights, became codified in policy, but in recent it’s possible that they’re kidnapping, rendition flights, joint interrogations, torture, and disappearances years, they have been partially addressed actually happening, interrogations, torture, disappearances, (sometimes permanent). He said in the Southern Cone. “It’s not too late and, of and targeted assassinations. “Of course, disappearances take place across cultures to restore human rights and ethical the Bush administration’s program is also and borders, and outlined the stories government,” he said, “but much work a rendition program. Just like Condor, it of three well-documented cases of remains to dismantle the framework.” relies on alliances with other intelligence extraordinary rendition, all of whom he services around the world.” Second, he said represented: Mahar Arar, Khalid al Masri the rationale for the two programs is very and Bisher al-Rawi. “All three of them are continued on page 11 similar. “The Southern Cone states were foreign nationals; all were apprehended at war with the left, and the very issue of outside the United States (since the U.S. civilization as it was known, particularly government considers that foreign nationals for the upper middle classes in South transiting through U.S. international

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 4 5/5/08 4:04:24 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan Ramirez Talks Latin American Politics

The Nicaraguan writer and former Vice Chile, Guatemala – generally supported are “instruments destined to consolidate dictatorship President Sergio Ramirez challenged by successive administrations of the United his political leadership.” On the other from 1964 to the view of the left in Latin America as a States.” hand, he said others identify with what 1985. Ramirez consistent phenomenon and explained how he called “the responsible socialism of accused the differences among the countries can be He measured the change over the last half President Lula, which gives him a kind of Chavez of extreme. century by pointing out that only four continental leadership.” He said the cheap wanting to put in place “not a countries are currently ruled by right- oil Chavez provides to other countries, new system, but the same system “I would rather talk about literature,” wing governments: Mexico, Colombia, such as Nicaragua, is like “poison candy” we had in the 19th century” – the age began Ramirez, drawing a chuckle from the Paraguay and El Salvador. He added that because it causes inflation in those very of the caudillo. audience. On March 27, Ramirez – who was the latter two are likely to produce leftist poor countries. a writer before he served as Sandinista Vice governments this year, including one led Ramirez gave two other examples President of Nicaragua from 1984 to 1990, by the FMLN – the Among the left of leaders trying to push past the and who is now a prolific award-winning guerrilla movement governments in democratic limits imposed on them. He fiction and nonfiction writer, professor, and transformed into a the region, he said said the new constitution proposed by columnist for several international media political party – in economic interests, Bolivia’s president, Evo Morales, has – gave the lecture “New Winds or Old El Salvador. border interests, created confrontations “that even threaten Storms: Contemporary Political Changes who extends domestic territorial integrity” and in in Latin America,” hosted by the Council Ramirez said Cuba help and who Nicaragua, President Daniel Ortega was on Latin American and Iberian Studies is unique, with a receives it, are all elected with only 38 percent of the vote at Yale, as part of its Spring 2008 Lecture traditional Leninist important factors “and he doesn’t have consent to radically Series, and with the support of the Poynter regime, “the only in determining change the constitution.” Fellowship at Yale. country with a relations among state economy and the countries. He continued, “We also need to remember Ramirez talked about the social, economic, one-party system that changes in power in those countries and political contexts in the different on the continent.” Ramirez said have taken place through voting, not countries of Latin America that have led He said populist governments “with the most important difference among through weapons. That establishes some the people of most of these countries to anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist speech” left-wing governments in Latin America severe limits to proposals for radical elect leftist governments in the last decade, intend to replace the traditional political is “democratic will. It’s that simple – changes, and the voices of the citizens must and the possible impacts of this trend on structures in Venezuela, Ecuador, Nicaragua whether left-wing leaders, once reaching be heard.” the future of the region. He said that in and Bolivia, and that social democrats rule the presidency, pretend to stay or accept the middle of the last century, “The voters, in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, alternability in power. It marks the There will continue to be left-wing armed with hope and patience, began to while governments ranging from center difference between democratic will and governments in Latin America, elected see that the promises of a market economy to left rule in the Dominican Republic, authoritarian will.” He said as of now, by their citizens, he said. “My aspiration were taking too long. Everything was Peru, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras and Lula is saying he will not run for a third is that when voters are deceived by them, privatized, and Latin American economies Guatemala. term. He contrasted that with Chavez’s they remove them with their vote, as they were put in a straitjacket.” He said spending failed attempt to change the Venezuelan removed the right-wing governments that in the public sector dropped, and eventually He contrasted the leadership of Venezuela’s constitution to allow him to run failed. But I wish even more that left-wing ushered in the period that followed – the Hugo Chavez with Brazil’s Ignacio Lula indefinitely. When Lula was asked about governments succeed, in favoring the age of dictatorships. He ticked off all the de Silva, preferring what he called Lula’s that attempt, Ramirez said he responded, poorest. But this will only be achieved if countries on the continent that had suffered “pragmatism” over Chavez’s “radical “I can only speak for Brazil, and I think we devote ourselves to democracy and stay under dictatorships – “Brazil, Argentina, authoritarianism.” Ramirez said the Brazil can not play with this thing called away from authoritarianism.” Uruguay, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Colombia, generous loans, the creation of the Banco democracy. It took us a long time and a Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, del Sur and other initiatives of Chavez lot of people suffered” under the military Education in New Cairo

This April, eight high school students from The study tour marks the culmination of the Center for Global Studies (CGS) in a two-year effort in Middle East Studies Norwalk, Conn., traveled to Egypt for a on behalf of CGS, a global studies magnet pioneering two-week study tour. Led by affiliated with Brien McMahon High their teacher, Emad El-Digwy, and Greta School. In consultation with PIER-Middle Scharnweber, the MacMillan Center’s East Studies, CGS has rolled out a full- PIER Director for Middle East Studies, time Middle East Studies track that trains the students were hosted by the Modern students in two levels of Arabic (with Education School (MES) in New Cairo, a Arabic III to start in Fall 2008). It also sprawling suburb of the largest city in the offers a Middle East history course and Arab World. Housed in the homes of MES integrates Arabic literature into the world students, the CGS group spent many of literature curriculum. CGS plans to offer a their days attending school and learning two-week study tour for its Arabic students about the Egyptian education system as every spring, mirroring their successful East well as Egyptian culture through firsthand Asian programs in Chinese and Japanese. Center for Global Studies students at the St. Andrew’s Refugee Ministry in Cairo. experience. In addition to attending school with Egyptian peers, the students visited important cultural sites with their MES For more information, visit www.centerglobalstudies.org hosts, such as the pyramids, the historical Khan Al-Khalili bazaar, the Egyptian Museum, Coptic and Islamic Cairo, and the new Al-Azhar Park. The group also went on an excursion to Upper Egypt, where they visited the Aswan Dam, the Karnak and Philae Temples and the Valley of the Kings. Individual outings in Cairo with their homestay families provided a range of social and cultural activities for the students.

Community service activities also formed an important part of the program. CGS students visited the St. Andrews Refugee Ministry, where they tutored refugee children in their English lessons and learned about the issues that refugee populations face in Cairo. A site visit to the Fatma Annan public school provided an important contrast to their private school MES hosts. Students in “morning lines” at the Modern Education School in Cairo.

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 5 5/5/08 4:04:31 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan

Karlan Receives Director’s Award

The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International these funds to cover travel costs for graduate students to and Area Studies at Yale has given its Director’s Award to go overseas and get involved in projects and explore some Dean Karlan, Assistant Professor of Economics. of their own ideas, just as I was able to do when I was a graduate student.” The MacMillan Center Director’s Award was established in 2005. The Awards are for non-tenured Yale faculty Junior faculty members who have received one who receive certain distinguished individual grants, of the following awards are eligible: Carnegie Scholar; prizes or fellowships for international research. In Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship; Wenner-Gren Individual addition to recognizing these junior faculty members’ Research Grant; National Science Foundation Young accomplishments, the Director’s Awards are intended to Investigator Award; Alexander von Humboldt Research enable them to enhance their future research. Recipients are Fellowship; Bradley Foundation Fellowship; Smith appointed Research Fellows at the MacMillan Center and Richardson Junior Faculty Fellowship; Russell Sage receive research funds of $5,000 per year for two years. Foundation Fellowship; Institute for Advanced Study Fellowship; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Professor Karlan was awarded the Alfred P. Sloan Research Sciences Fellowship; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellow. Karlan primarily conducts field experiments to Fellowship; National Humanities Center Fellowship. understand the theoretical underpinnings of financial markets for the poor in developing countries. His experiments test questions from both theory and practice, such as why markets fail, what is the impact of providing access to credit, and how to best design savings and insurance products. His work often employs ideas from behavioral economics to rethink design issues in development policy, and he also reaches into other areas such as charitable fund-raising, voting behavior and commitment contracts.

“I’m very grateful for the support from the MacMillan Center. As my career has progressed, partly in thanks to these awards, I have built a network of projects and relationships around the world. I look forward to using

Coca-Cola World Fund Lecture

Michael Doyle, a professor of U.S. foreign threat had to be overwhelming, with no policy and security policy at Columbia alternative means of resolution and no University, and a former special adviser time for deliberation. to former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, gave the 15th annual Coca-Cola “The Caroline standard was too extreme lecture on April 16 at Luce Hall on “Striking to apply to many other conflicts,” Doyle First: The Law and Politics of Preemptive said. “Another problem is that it’s rejected and Preventive Force.” The lecture is by the single most powerful country in sponsored by the MacMillan Center, the the world today – the U.S. President Yale Law School, and the Yale School of Bush has made it clear these rules are not Management. ones he is prepared to follow.” Instead, he supports a prevention doctrine, now His talk considered the question: When called the Bush Doctrine, stipulating the should states be permitted to go to war need to eliminate potential threats that before they’ve been attacked and for the are grave and growing. He quoted the purpose of protecting themselves? He president: “After September 11, I made stated at the outset that he believed the a commitment to the American people. United States was wrong in preventively This nation will not wait to be attacked attacking Iraq in 2003 – that the situation again….There is only one course of did not meet the criteria to justify the war. action against [these terrorists] – to defeat them abroad before they attack us “Talking about preventive war in the at home.” He also cautioned that allowing one state to Security Council has sometimes behaved aftermath of Iraq makes me feel as if I were adopt an inherently subjective standard – irresponsibly, such as not having stronger asking the survivors of the Titanic how Although Doyle doesn’t support the i.e., the threats it happens to perceive – is humanitarian interventions in Bosnia, they felt about ocean travel,” he joked. “The preemptive war on Iraq, he does agree an invitation to chaos, whether that state Rwanda, Kosovo, and maybe Darfur, fiasco of Iraq colors every discussion about that the Caroline doctrine is inapplicable abuses it or other states do exactly the same though I find that more questionable. The preventive war.” to some contemporary dilemmas, such as thing. second problem is that the Security Council weapons of mass destruction in the hands lacks substantive standards to guide its Doyle considered the ethics and politics of suicide terrorists. “Caroline was too In summary, he said, “We face serious deliberations.” of the law of preemptive and preventive extreme for 1837; in my view it’s way too threats that are not readily deterred, and self-defense. He believes that both the extreme for our own times,” he said. we’re stuck with a legal rule [Caroline] So Doyle called for new substantive and substantive and procedural rules and that is too narrow and doesn’t allow us to procedural standards. “Preventive standards standards are inadequate, and he proposed He added that some threats can be safely act with adequate foresight, and a Bush need to look beyond imminence,” he said, new standards for judging these two kinds appeased; and in some cases deterrence may Doctrine that is much too broad.” “to a threat that isn’t immediate. We can of interventions. work to thwart an attack. He said it was borrow from Just War doctrine, and look at worthwhile to keep Saddam Hussein from Procedural rules call for careful deliberation the nature of the threat.” He proposed that He said according to the existing standards, acquiring weapons of mass destruction, before any action is taken. Unilateral an acceptable preventive war strategy must preemptive war is condoned only when an even endorsing Israel’s destruction of Iraq’s prevention is illegal, but multilateral consider four criteria (what he called “the attack is clearly imminent, while preventive nascent nuclear weapons program in 1981, decisions are embedded in the United four L’s”): lethality – how many people war involves a longer timeline and much although he conceded the attack was illegal. Nations (U.N.) Charter, providing the are likely to die; the likelihood of an attack less certainty. Security Council with a decision-making occurring, based on announced intentions “States must act to protect their citizens process and the authority to determine “any and patterns of behavior; legitimacy – Regarding the substantive rules, he said from becoming the undefended prey of threat to the peace, breach of peace, active limiting the response to what is minimally they derive from the Caroline case of the mass murderers,” Doyle said. “Prevention, aggression” and to take whatever action it necessary to dispatch the threat (i.e., 1830s, when England crossed into U.S. thus, is one course that we should not take sees fit – legally binding on all members of proportionality), and employing maximum territory, destroyed a U.S. ship and killed off the table.” He said it was necessary in the U.N. All that is required is 9 of the 15 deliberation before acting; and legality – one American in a border dispute with those cases to act “carefully, deliberately, votes on the Security Council and no vetoes running the proposed decision through Canada – then a British colony. The two legally where possible, with adequate from its permanent members. the framework of international law, paying sides ultimately agreed to disagree on information, and proportionally.” special attention to ways in which the who was at fault, but what resulted was a “I think it’s a neat solution, but there are threatening power has or has not violated standard for pre-emptive self-defense: the two problems,” Doyle said. “In the past the international law. 6 7

NewsletterSpr08.indd 6 5/5/08 4:04:39 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan

continued from page 1 Taiwan’s Representative to the United States His talk was entitled, “Pacific Perspectives: with China where the Chinese don’t see us U.S. Diplomacy in a Rapidly Changing as trying to bring up issues such as Tibet Asia.” He said that many people think in a way that we are looking to undercut or Visits Yale he’s the ambassador to North Korea, but humiliate China, or push China down, but his portfolio includes all of East Asia. He rather, we’re trying to address issues that added that after serving in several European are, or should be, of common concern.” countries, where the populations hovered Jaushieh Joseph Wu, Taiwan Representative to the between one and two million, being posted He added that, through the six-party talks, to Asian countries with hundreds of times North Korea has, perhaps inadvertently, United States, visited Yale on March 4 to present a that many people is a different experience. pushed China and the U.S. to work lecture on “Taiwan and its Unique Relations with He said that over a fairly short time, there together in ways that neither country have been “breathtaking” changes in foresaw just a few years ago. the U.S. and China” as part of the Gaddis Smith South Korea, Indonesia and China, but in every region there’s always a country that He said the six-party talks raise the broader Seminar Series. The lecture was sponsored by the lags behind in political and/or economic question of what type of involvement development, and in the case of Asia, it’s with Asia is best for the U.S. “I think it’s International Affairs Council, Yale Taiwanese Burma. obvious that you can’t have a one-size- fits-all approach. The world around us Student Association, China Law Center, He said that European countries, in is too complex for that.” He said while developing the European Union, have some advocate a “realpolitik” approach, Yale Law School, and the MacMillan Center. been able to develop horizontal ties and a he said, “It’s too small a concept to fully sense of community that he believes Asian animate our global relationships. The fact countries are still seeking. “Asia is still is that the United States means more to bedeviled by this concept that if China is the world, and the world does expect us up, then somehow Japan must be down, to live up to our values – and Americans and it’s difficult to imagine a situation expect us to live up to our values.” He said where both Japan and China can be doing in the post–Cold War era, “Sometimes, very well, yet that is precisely the situation as Americans have gone out in the world, we want to see developed.” He called it our expression of idealism has sometimes “win-win,” but added that the leaders of the taken a certain form of triumphalism. To Asian countries themselves don’t seem to be sure, our values have been triumphant, grasp that concept yet. and we should not be ashamed to say that. But telling other countries what to do has “When you look at China today” – and proved to be – especially, I would say, in here Hill made reference to Yale’s special Asia – an ineffective way to inspire people relationship with China, through its China and their governments.” But he added, Law Center and other programs – “I’m “American values very much do energize struck by the fact that we are really seeing people. I would say our 200-year example history in the making. Its development in of democracy, of inventiveness, economic the past generation has been one of the and social openness, has been a true great stories of our lifetime. Indeed, I think inspiration to Asians.” you could argue the development of China has been the story of the century so far.” He concluded, “We need to somehow synthesize our values with a pragmatic, From left to right: Professor Byron Weng, professor from National Chi Nan University’s Department of Public Policy and Hill said the U.S. must have a relationship realistic view of the world and make sure Administration (Taiwan) and currently a visiting professor at Yale’s Political Science Department; Representative Jaushieh with China whether either country is happy we always do this with a great measure of Joseph Wu, Taiwan’s Chief Representative to the United States; Diana Chu, MA student in International Relations; Representative about it or not. “It’s not going to be easy, humility.” Kenneth K.M. Liao, Director-General of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in New York. because the U.S. and China don’t always agree. We have differences with China on issues such as Burma, on the problem of how to deal with Iran’s nuclear ambitions. Addressing an audience that included students, faculty, visiting scholars, and other To be sure, there will be very difficult members of the Yale and New Haven communities, the ambassador touched on both problems in the months ahead – the Tibet Taiwan’s successes and the challenges still facing the young democracy. With the upcoming issue comes very much to mind – but what presidential elections looming, Representative Wu reminded his listeners that the 2008 we need to do is have a kind of relationship Taiwanese elections represented only the “fourth direct elections to ever be held in Taiwan.”

Opening the lecture, Representative Wu humorously described himself as the most active diplomat in Washington D.C., a reminder that Taiwan’s unofficial relations with the U.S. pose a unique challenge to an already delicate set of responsibilities that all Taiwan PIER Summer Institutes diplomats are expected to fulfill.

An exciting line-up of PIER Summer Institutes will be Following on the subject of Taiwan’s relations with the U.S., Representative Wu offered this July at the MacMillan Center. Educators emphasized that Taiwan is “a young democracy, but a democracy nonetheless and one from around the country will converge on Yale campus that has potential to serve as a model for other nations.” He pointed to Taiwan’s 2000 to actively participate in interdisciplinary programs that presidential election as an example of Taiwan’s democratic development. The peaceful include lectures and seminars by leading scholars and transfer of power from the Nationalist Party (GMD) to the Democratic Progressive Party experts from Yale and other institutions, films, field trips, marked the end of a monopoly on leadership that the GMD had held in Taiwan since 1949. hands on cultural activities, teaching strategy sessions, and technological resources for teaching about these world Beyond Taiwan’s political development, Representative Wu focused on Taiwan’s economic areas. successes, pointing out that Taiwan is the world’s 18th largest economy, a particularly notable achievement for the small island nation. Representative Wu also praised Taiwan- June 21-23 Immersion Program: French West Africa / Focus U.S. cooperation in the global struggle against terrorism. He went on to add that Taiwan’s on Senegal (Center for the Teaching of French) rising military capabilities have allowed closer security collaboration with the U.S. and Taiwan is now the third largest monetary contributor to Afghanistan’s reconstruction. July 7-18 The Teaching of Africa (African Studies) Looking at current challenges and Taiwan’s future place in the global arena, Representative July 7-16 The European Union: Contemporary Challenges Wu also spoke of Taiwan’s struggle for international recognition. He stressed that China’s (European Studies) efforts to exclude Taiwan from international organizations ranging from the United July 7-12 The Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Nations to the World Health Organization and the Miss Universe pageant violated not Uruguay (Latin American Studies) only Taiwan’s rights as a nation, but also the rights of Taiwanese citizens to equal and fair treatment by the international community. July 7-16 From Sand to Sea: Cultural Exchange through Trade on the Silk Road (Middle East Studies / East Asian At the end of the lecture, Representative Wu concluded that Taiwan’s future will be Studies) determined both at a national and international level. He reminded the audience that while Taiwan still has much to work on domestically, the international community should also acknowledge Taiwan’s right to be heard.

For details, www.yale.edu/macmillan/pier/institutes

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 7 5/5/08 4:04:43 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan New Center Supports Study of Greek Heritage and Culture

The Stavros Niarchos Foundation has The program is co- endowed a new center to promote the study directed by Stathis of Greek language, heritage and culture at Kalyvas, the Arnold Yale University. Wolfers Professor of Political Science, and The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Center John Geanakoplos, the for Hellenic Studies at Yale will be the James Tobin Professor major source of funding for the Hellenic of Economics. The Studies Program at the Whitney and Program’s current Betty MacMillan Center for International faculty consists of and Area Studies at Yale University. The George Syrimis, program was launched in 2001 with Associate Program funding from the Stavros Niarchos Chair and Lecturer in Foundation, alumni gifts, and University Comparative Literature; resources. Maria Kaliambou, Lector in Modern Greek; The Hellenic Studies Program encourages and Giorgos Antoniou, and coordinates the study of post-antiquity Visiting Lecturer in Hellenic culture and civilization at Yale. History. It offers a comprehensive curriculum in modern Greek and cooperates closely In the last six years, with the Yale Center for Language Study the Hellenic Studies in the development of technology-based Program has organized teaching aids for modern Greek. As part of more than 100 events, its mission to put the study of post-classical including conferences Greece in a broad geographical, historical on topics ranging from Greek monuments the program hosted the 20th biannual of several Greek Byzantine churches and and comparative context, the program has to Cyprus’ European accession, the symposium of the Modern Greek Studies a project to digitize over 7,000 images of affiliations with faculty members teaching Olympics and public health, among others. Association. The program has awarded Byzantine art. courses in disciplines across the curriculum In 2004, the program inaugurated the more than 50 language and research grants — including history, history of art, Near annual Stavros Niarchos Lecture. It has also to Yale students and has hosted a series Eastern languages & civilizations, political sponsored film screenings and a concert of visiting scholars. It has also initiated science and religious studies. program that featured some of Greek a number of online projects for modern music’s most renowned artists. In fall 2007, Greek language acquisition, an online tour

Religion, Politics, and Culture in Russia

On April 4-5, the European Studies Council hosted a conference titled Sources First! Religion, Politics and Culture in Pre- Modern and Modern Russia. It reflected European Studies Council Film Conference the intellectual and pedagogical influence When France celebrated the 200th Nigel Alderman (English, Mount Holyoke), of Professor Paul Bushkovitch of the Yale anniversary of the French Revolution on Gilberto Perez (Film History, Sarah History Department, with whom most July 14, 1989, there were few signs that the Lawrence), Joachim Pissarro (Art History, of the participants have been connected, bicentennial year would yield any upheavals Hunter College, CUNY), Thomas Elsaesser either as graduate students or colleagues. of its own. To be sure, Mikhail Gorbachev (Film and Television Studies, University The conference highlighted a number of had insisted, in his address to the Council of Amsterdam), and Mikhail Iampolski central themes that connect the cultural of Europe in Strasbourg eight days earlier, (Comparative Literature and Russian traditions of premodern Russia to the that reform in Eastern Europe was “entirely and Slavic Studies, NYU). The program imperial and Soviet periods, focusing on a matter for the people themselves,” a received support from the MacMillan issues of religious and social identity, and process with which the Soviet Union Center, the Edward J. and Dorothy Clarke on the maintenance of social norms in the would not interfere. By year’s end, it Kempf Fund, the Departments of Film context of changing state structures and seemed possible to read 1989 as marking Studies and the History of Art, and the ideologies. Sessions on Princes, Merchants the closure of an almost too neatly shaped Whitney Humanities Center. Like the and Peasants; Prophecy, Spirituality and two-hundred-year European revolutionary Council’s earlier conferences that focused Repentance; Reform, Mission and Anathema; cycle. To mark the tumultuous events on the years 1945, 1956, and 1968, this and Scandals, Dilemmas and Westerners were of 1989, the European Studies Council conference linked a political turning point chaired by, respectively, Charles J. Halperin hosted a film festival and conference titled, with the artistic self-consciousness of (Bloomington, Indiana), Nancy Shields Film Culture and the Fall of the Wall. The nations across the European landscape. Kollmann (Stanford University), Alexandra conference was held on February 7-9 at The program’s juxtaposition of diverse Korros (Xavier University), and Dominic the Whitney Humanities Center. The cinema genres and national film cultures, Lieven (London School of Economics). program featured 14 films made circa 1989 in the context of the specific historical and It was organized primarily by Nikolaos from Austria, Finland, France, Germany, political moment, generated a range of Chrissidis (SCSU) and received support Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, and unexpected insights and contrasts. The from the MacMillan Center; Edward J. and the USSR. They exemplified the themes Council plans to repeat this collaborative Dorothy Clarke Kempf Fund; The Beinecke and cinematic strategies that emerged format in fall 2008 with an event Rare Book and Manuscript Library; The across Europe at the end of the 40-odd- provisionally called, Film in 1936, a Critical Stanley T. Woodward Lectureship; and The year domination of Eastern Europe by Year for the Confrontation with Fascism. Charles Gallaudet Trumbull Lectureship. various Communist parties. The films were followed by panels of Yale faculty from 10 departments and guests with expertise in different disciplines. Among them were

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 8 5/5/08 4:04:53 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan Literature of the Middle Passage Travels to Ghana

During the 2007 fall semester, the relation to history.” Professor Caryl Phillips Orphanage, the MacMillan Center hosted “The Literature moderated the Institute, which included Planned Parenthood of the Middle Passage,” a senior seminar question and answer sessions following Association of Ghana, in the English department. The course each talk. and Women in culminated in a trip to Ghana during the Progress, an NGO- Thanksgiving recess. Professors Caryl The first few days in Accra were rounded founded organization Phillips and Caleb Smith took their out by trips to the National Museum with the intent to students on a 12-day journey to explore of Ghana and a performance by the empower local female firsthand the legacy of the transatlantic National Dance Company. This theatrical artisans through slave trade in West Africa. presentation, which reenacted the economic benefits. disruption and horror of the slave trade Students were able The trip was split between academic through traditional and modern dance to witness current inquiry and personal engagement with this routines, was also written and narrated by conditions in Ghana, troubling history, with a weekend institute Kofi Anyidoho. as well as hear plans at the University of Ghana, followed by for future economic visits to the slave castles in Elmina and On the November 19, the students set growth. Cape Coast. Students also participated in a off for the fishing villages of Elmina and day of service through outreach with NGOs Cape Coast. Both locations are home to Says Allegra in the Cape Coast region. colonial slave castles, which were the last Asplundh-Smith, holding places of captives before their and ENGL420a During the “Literature of the Middle forced transatlantic voyage to slavery in the class member, Passage Weekend Institute,” which ran Americas. Elmina and Cape Coast castles “Children learning November 17-18, Ghanaian students are striking; their whitewashed walls and British English in and Yale students came together to hear open courtyards contrast sharply with the school, fishermen readings by Professor Kofi Aniydoho, dark dungeons that held thousands of mending their nets Professor John Collins, celebrated slaves during their last days on the African in the shadow of Ghanaian poet Kofi Awoonor, and Yale’s continent. In touring the castles, students Cape Coast Castle, own Professor Caleb Smith. Of the were able to engage with the foundational and the powerful Institute, seminar member Tina Wu says, sites of much of the literature covered voices of poets at “Meeting Ghanaian writers and activists during the course of the semester. the University at Legon all expanded my Ghana, overlooking the Atlantic with my like professors Kofi Anyidoho and Kofi views of the works from our syllabus.” Of classmates, eating jollof rice, and giving Awoonor and hearing them speak in The students also spent a day working course, class camaraderie was also a factor thanks for Ghana and the opportunity to person underscored our lessons about with the local population through three in the success of the trip. Allegra adds, “I’ll travel together.” the role of performance and song and its organizations: New Life International always remember Thanksgiving night in Frederick Douglass Book Prize

Culture by the University of North earned the 2006 Morris D. Forkosch Prize and the 2006 Carolina Press) examines the origins James A. Rawley Prize in Atlantic History from the of abolitionism in Great Britain in the American Historical Association. eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Stephanie McCurry, Professor of History The $25,000 award for the year’s best nonfiction book at the University of Pennsylvania and the on slavery, resistance, or abolition is the most generous Douglass Prize Jury Chair, commented, history prize in the field. The dinner included remarks “Brown’s Moral Capital resets the terrain by Richard Gilder and Lewis Lehrman, co-founders of for understanding the origins and the Gilder Lehrman Center; David Blight, Director of the effectiveness of British efforts to end Gilder Lehrman Center; and David Brion Davis, Director slavery in the eighteenth and nineteenth Emeritus of the Gilder Lehrman Center. centuries. … Moral Capital not only provides an important new argument The Frederick Douglass Book Prize was established in 1999 about British anti-slavery, but also to stimulate scholarship in the field of slavery and abolition highlights the nature of the relationship by honoring outstanding books. Previous winners were between moral sensibility and political Rebecca J. Scott, 2006; Laurent Dubois, 2005; Jean Fagan activism at any time.” Yellin, 2004; James F. Brooks and Seymour Drescher, 2003; Robert Harms and John Stauffer, 2002; David Blight, 2001; On February 21 at the Yale Club in New York City, more Brown earned his undergraduate degree from Yale David Eltis, 2000; and Ira Berlin and Philip D. Morgan in than 250 guests attended the Ninth Annual Frederick University, where he played on the football team. The 1999. Douglass Book Prize dinner honoring Christopher recipient of a Rhodes scholarship, he received his D.Phil. Photo from Left to right: David Blight, Christopher Brown, Richard Gilder, and Lewis Leslie Brown, Visiting Professor of History at Columbia from Balliol College at Oxford University before returning Lehrman gather in the Yale Club Library to display Brown’s 2007 Douglass Prize University. Brown’s award-winning book, Moral Capital: to the United States to work in the federal government Award Medal. Foundations of British Abolitionism (published for the during the Clinton administration. He has taught at Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Rutgers University. Moral Capital, his first book, also

Legacies of Slavery and Emancipation

In conjunction with the exhibition “Art and panels was a series of sessions held in the Emancipation in Jamaica: Isaac Mendes exhibition space and in the collections of the Belisario and his Worlds,” the Yale Center for YCBA and other institutions at Yale. These British Art (YCBA) and the Gilder Lehrman sessions, which focused on iconography of Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, the slave ship, slave gardens, Afro-Jamaican and Abolition co-sponsored a major performance and art, and other topics, international symposium on The Legacies provided a forum in which attendees could of Slavery and Emancipation: Jamaica in the explore specific objects and images within Atlantic World held November 1-3, 2007. the broader conceptual and historical context This was the Gilder Lehrman Center’s ninth discussed during the conference. annual international fall conference. Highlights of the conference included The focus of the conference was one of a keynote address by Alston “Barry” the central themes of the exhibition: the Chevannes from the University of West unfinished legacy of Jamaican slavery, both Indies, Mona, and a screening of Stephanie for present-day Jamaica and the wider Black’s film Life and Debt, which depicts Atlantic world. Scholars from the U.K., stories of individual Jamaicans whose the U.S., and the West Indies, as well as strategies for survival and parameters of day- visual artists, musicians, and filmmakers, to-day existence are determined by the U.S. investigated a range of topics including labor, and other foreign economic agendas. religion, music, and the legacies of slavery in Jamaica and Britain. Complementing these

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NewsletterSpr08.indd 9 5/5/08 4:05:08 PM The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale www.yale.edu/macmillan Inaugural Conference on Religion and Violence

The MacMillan Center Initiative on traditional family ties and obligations, In the afternoon, about 60 members of Religion, Politics & Society at Yale and to unite its devotees indissolubly to the Yale community attended the panel on University hosted its inaugural conference one another and to their cause, in the face religion and violence in the modern world. on the topic of Religion and Violence on of every threat and every temptation – in Paul Brass, Professor Emeritus of Political February 16. The motivating question of Weber’s terms, to replace the community of Science at the University of Washington, the conference was, according to faculty blood by a community of faith.” presented a paper on the political structure coordinator and Assistant Professor of of acts of collective violence in India, explaining the dynamics of violence “Religion played as driven by highly strategic political entrepreneurs concerned with maximizing a role in making electoral success. These entrepreneurs sought to inflame and profit from religious conflict more cleavages in Indian society. Jennifer Todd, Associate Professor of Politics at meaningful, more University College, Dublin, analyzed the intense, more role of religion in the conflict in Northern Ireland, arguing that “religion played a totalizing...” role in making conflict more meaningful, more intense, more totalizing.” Professor The keynote address was followed Malika Zeghal reversed the implicit by a panel on religion and violence causal association between in the premodern world, which religion and violence, arguing featured Professor Mack Holt, that expressions of violence Professor of History at George themselves alter the public Mason University, and Professor discourse of religion. Hugh Kennedy, Professor of Arabic at the School of Oriental The Conference on Religion and African Studies (SOAS), and Violence was the first University of London. With step toward constructing approximately 50 members of the an analytical framework for Political Science Vivek Sharma, “if there Yale community in attendance, Professor understanding the complex is something unique or different about Holt’s paper, on the French Wars of relationship between religion religion that leads particular patterns of Religion, pointed out that although religion and violence. The MacMillan conflict across time and space.” To begin was the motivating force behind the overall Center Initiative on Religion, answering this question, the conference conflict, expressions of violence depended Politics and Society plans to gathered eminent scholars from the on local political conditions and the actions hold a follow-up workshop of social sciences and history, starting with of local secular magistrates. Professor scholars in the fall of 2008, the the keynote speaker, the distinguished Kennedy’s presentation, describing the papers from which will go into professor of history Robert I. Moore rapid expansion of the Arab armies across an edited volume of Politics and (Emeritus, Newcastle University). areas of the Byzantine and Persian Empires Society. in the seventh century, made the crucial Professor Moore underlined the formative point that “Islam was not spread by the role of religion in medieval Europe, sword, but without the sword it would pointing out that the revolution responsible not have spread.” Kennedy argued that for endowing European civilization with conversion was not forced on conquered Paul Pinto, graduate student coordinator its distinctive forms of social organization populations by Arab soldiers; rather, of the workshop. based on patrimonial forms of secular communities of other faiths were preserved property-holding in conjunction with a in an environment where conversion was tithe-funded Church explicitly set apart encouraged but certainly not forced. The from lay society relied both on the exercise conquests therefore laid the political of violence and the expression of faith. As foundations of later conversion, which took Moore put it, “[The revolution] needed place over the ensuing centuries. religious faith, with its power to override

Paradise in Buddhist Liturgies

Stephen Teiser, D. T. Suzuki Professor of Buddhist Studies He began his talk with a painting of one Teiser said that he believed that “our liturgists had a clear at Princeton University, spoke on February 14 for the of many Buddhist paradises. With idea of the afterlife and a good understanding of how to annual Edward H. Hume Memorial Lecture sponsored by its representations of Buddhas, guide people there.” But the “sites” visited and the “sights” the Council on East Asian Studies. His presentation, “The newly reborn souls, and other seen on the way there will differ for each practitioner. To Construction of Paradise in Buddhist Liturgies,” examined spiritual beings, the painting, illustrate his point, he said that he asks his undergraduate the content and significance of representations of paradise in Teiser’s words, “includes students to read a description of paradise on the first in Buddhist ritual manuals from Medieval China. [paradise’s] constituent parts and the day of class, then hands out colored pencils for them to relationship between its constituent draw paradise. He included two of these drawings in his In a nod to the lecture series’ namesake, who had worked parts.” But visual representations can presentation – one emphasized multi-colored trees, while as a medical missionary for most of his life, Teiser only give the practitioner a “mental another focused on the music of paradise. explained that “Both Hume and I are interested image of paradise.” It is up to in the same thing. I am interested in what ritual to carry him/her there. “The dominating logic [of rebirth],” according to Teiser, happens to Chinese souls when they pass away.” “is sequence. Prayers are constructed with sequence and But what sets Teiser apart from many other Teiser then moved onto a take their participants [and the soul being prayed for] on a scholars of Buddhism, according to Stanley text describing a “liturgy disciplined journey over many lifetimes, ending in complete Weinstein, Professor Emeritus of Buddhist for a departed mother” enlightenment.” Moreover, the “soul” as Buddhists Studies at Yale, who introduced Teiser, is to be performed after her understood it, was not “purely ethereal. It assumes a bodily “his focus on how Buddhism was practiced death. The ritual ends with form according to the level in which it travels.” Here, Teiser and perceived in Chinese society” instead of a benediction that hopes the closed his talk by again harkening back to Hume. As Hume canonical texts. mother’s spirit will “ascend believed with his medical missionary work, “enlightenment to Brahma’s heaven in one cannot happen without a body,” and in the Dunhuang Accordingly, the subject of Teiser’s talk drew moment of thought, that she liturgies, “bodhi [sanskrit for ‘enlightenment’] requires from the 300 practical liturgical texts found be reborn through magical a body.” among the approximately 50,000 8th to transformation in a red 10th century Buddhist texts discovered lotus, and that she travel in Dunhuang, China. He is currently to the Buddha-land working on publishing a translation in the space of an of someof these liturgies. instant.”

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Comparing Latin, continued from page 4

The last speaker was Harold Hongju Koh, Koh said, “Many of us believe in American Rinpoche, continued from page 1 Dean and Gerard C. & Bernice Latrobe exceptionalism in the sense that we believe Smith Professor of International Law at America has an exceptional capacity to One of the most remarkable things about Yale Law School and former Assistant influence human rights for good. If the Rinpoche was his humble character and Secretary of State for Democracy, Human United States loses that power to be self-deprecating humor. When talking Rights, and Labor under President Bill the balance wheel of the system, then about his education, Rinpoche described Clinton. Koh spoke not about how recent we’ve come to a sea change in the way himself as a “dropout” because he had not U.S. practices resemble Latin American the international human rights system completed his studies at London’s School practices in an earlier era, but how they operates: The United States will no longer of Oriental and Asian Studies. Regarding have undermined U.S. ability to influence be a driving force; it will be one of the his films, Rinpoche described them as “a modern-day Latin American human rights principal outliers. Why should we be sort of accidental success.” Nonetheless, it practices. Koh noted the irony that the concerned? For the simple reason that our was obvious that Rinpoche was very well- assassination by Operation Condor of human rights reputation defines who we educated, both from University and under Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt was are as a nation and a people. The words Buddhist masters, and that his award- perhaps the most egregious act of state- of the Declaration of Independence and winning films were not accidents. sponsored terrorism on U.S. soil before the Constitution define us in terms of our September 11. “It is both ironic and tragic human rights commitment. If we’re not a Rinpoche had encouraging words for the that the U.S. should respond to September nation that’s committed to universal human study of Buddhism at Western Universities. 11 with tactics which have such obvious rights, then we really don’t know who we He commented that, to him, Buddhism parallels to Operation Condor’s.” He put are anymore.” is “a tradition that gives a lot of emphasis the issue of human rights violations in the on learning.” Thus, Rinpoche saw the U.S. War on Terror in an international objectivity of Western Universities as a context. “The U.S. is increasingly disabled “strength of Western [academia]. Even from raising human rights concerns with the Buddha said ‘my teachings need to be other countries, because of a growing analyzed.’” global perception that our own hands are not clean,” he said, adding that the tactics used have led to a diminution of U.S. “soft power,” i.e., the U.S. capacity to use diplomacy and moral suasion to achieve policy results, at the same time that America’s “hard power,” i.e., military might, is reaching its limits.

Islam and Liberal Citizenship Conference

The MacMillan Center hosted a conference on the subject Political Science major Jordan Sauer said, “The conference of Islam and citizenship in non-Muslim liberal democracies was the perfect culmination of a semester spent studying on December 7-8. It sought to address primarily Islam and its place in liberal democracies. It was a great philosophical, ethical and doctrinal issues arising from experience to hear experts from numerous different the dialogue between liberal and Islamic values, beliefs areas of political science. Not only were the political and conceptions of justice, as well as empirical issues philosophers debating each other, but they were also related to the beliefs, attitudes and social conditions of debating the statisticians and the sociologists as well. As a actual Muslim communities living in non-Muslim liberal political science major, I am often frustrated by the lack of democracies. The conference included papers by Islamic interaction between the different sub-disciplines of political legal scholars, political theorists, comparative lawyers, and science. It was extremely gratifying to witness the give and political scientists all around the question of what liberal take among the participants in the conference.” citizenship requires of religious citizens, whether there exist Participants speaking on Islamic doctrine included important conflicts of value between liberalism and Islamic Sherman Jackson (Michigan), an expert on Islamic law commitment and whether such conflict are in evidence in and theology; Assistant Professor Mohammad Fadel the political attitudes of actual Muslim citizens. (University of Toronto); Professor Matthias Rohe (Erlangen University, Germany); Haider Hamoudi Assistant Professor Mohammad Fadel (University of (University of Pittsburgh); Yasir Qadhi (PhD Candidate Toronto), a participant, remarked that “the symposium, in Religious Studies, Yale University); Naz K. Modirzadeh by bringing together political philosophers, legal (Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, scholars, theologians and political scientists, permitted Harvard); and Mucahit Bilici (University of Michigan). a diverse group of scholars who otherwise would not be Micah Schwartzman (University of Virginia Law) and collaborating to engage in important discussions regarding Lucas Swaine (Dartmouth) spoke on various aspects of the dynamic interaction of Islamic theological and legal liberalism, public reason and religion. Amaney Jamal conceptions with liberal theories of citizenship, without (Princeton), Matt Barreto (University of Washington) and forgetting the political realities faced by Muslim citizens of Karam Dana (University of Washington) presented original post-9/11 Western democracies.” survey data on the political attitudes of religious Muslims is various communities throughout the United States.

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The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale Non-Profit Organization Henry R. Luce Hall U.S. Postage 34 Hillhouse Avenue PAID P.O. Box 208206 New Haven, Connecticut New Haven, CT 06520-8206 Permit No. 526

councils & committees: Council on African Studies; Canadian Studies Committee; Council on East Asian Studies; European Studies Council; International Affairs Council; Latin American and Iberian Studies Council; Middle East Studies Council; South Asian Studies Council; Southeast Asia Studies Council programs & initiatives: British Studies Program; Crossing Borders Initiative; European Union Studies Program; Fox International Fellowship Program; Genocide Studies Program; Globalization and Self-Determination Program; Hellenic Studies Program; Georg Walter Leitner Program in International and Comparative Political Economy; The MacMillan Center Initiative on Religion, Politics, and Society; Program in Agrarian Studies; Program in International Educational Resources (PIER); Program on Democracy; Program on Order, Conflict, and Violence; Women, Religion, and Globalization

centers: Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition; Yale Center for the Study of Globalization

Editor: Marilyn Wilkes; Graphic Designers: Kathleen Martin and Lisa Brennan. Lisa and Martin Kathleen Designers: Graphic Wilkes; Marilyn Editor:

in Cu Kvn og Lwec Gpo, rn Gifl Sna Hn, nrw ac, al it, aa cafr Gea canee, aa tvn, eid Ths Em Vwe, aTo Zhang. TaoTao Vawter, Emma Tuhus, Melinda Stevens, Tara Scharnweber, Greta Schaffer, Dana Pinto, Paul March, Andrew Hunt, Sinéad Griffel, Frank Gipson, Lawrence Fogg, Kevin Chu, Diana

Contributors to this issue include: include: issue this to Contributors

My best wishes to you for a restful and productive summer. productive and restful a for you to wishes best My

Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, and Western China and the Arabian Peninsula. Arabian the and China Western and Uruguay, and Chile, Argentina,

This summer’s institutes focus on French West Africa/Senegal, the African continent, the European Union, Union, European the continent, African the Africa/Senegal, West French on focus institutes summer’s This

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Middle Passage Travels to Ghana to Travels Passage Middle ...... resource and strategy sessions, and sessions on technological resources for teaching about these world areas. areas. world these about teaching for resources technological on sessions and sessions, strategy and resource

Yale and other institutions: films, workshops, field trips and site visits, hands-on cultural activities, teaching teaching activities, cultural hands-on visits, site and trips field workshops, films, institutions: other and Yale

intensive, interdisciplinary programs. Each includes lectures and seminars by leading scholars and experts from from experts and scholars leading by seminars and lectures includes Each programs. interdisciplinary intensive,

education and professional development for K-12 educators for more than twenty years. The PIER institutes are are institutes PIER The years. twenty than more for educators K-12 for development professional and education

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Center’s PIER outreach group is gearing up for its summer institutes. They have been providing continuing continuing providing been have They institutes. summer its for up gearing is group outreach PIER Center’s and Culture and ......

While this is the time of the year that many of the academic programs are drawing to a close, the MacMillan MacMillan the close, a to drawing are programs academic the of many that year the of time the is this While

Heritage Greek of Study Supports Center New

Studies on U.S. diplomacy in a rapidly changing Asia. changing rapidly a in diplomacy U.S. on Studies

Korea’s nuclear weapons program presented the annual George Herbert Walker Jr. Lecture in International International in Lecture Jr. Walker Herbert George annual the presented program weapons nuclear Korea’s

Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, and chief U.S. negotiator in the six-party talks over North North over talks six-party the in negotiator U.S. chief and Affairs, Pacific and Asian East for State of Secretary

States, gave a lecture on Taiwan and its relations with the U.S. and China. Christopher R. Hill, Assistant Assistant Hill, R. Christopher China. and U.S. the with relations its and Taiwan on lecture a gave States,

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the differences among the countries can be extreme. Jaushieh Joseph Wu, Taiwan Representative to the United United the to Representative Taiwan Wu, Joseph Jaushieh extreme. be can countries the among differences the Taiwan’s Representative to the U. S. Visits S. U. the to Representative Taiwan’s ... .

Nicaraguan Vice President Sergio Ramirez presented a lecture on Latin American politics and illustrated how how illustrated and politics American Latin on lecture a presented Ramirez Sergio President Vice Nicaraguan

the South Asian Studies Council and lectured on film and the transmission of Buddhism to the West. Former Former West. the to Buddhism of transmission the and film on lectured and Council Studies Asian South the

from several luminaries. The Bhutanese Lama Khyentse Rinpoche made a rare appearance at the behest of of behest the at appearance rare a made Rinpoche Khyentse Lama Bhutanese The luminaries. several from

events and activities that take place outside of the classrooms here at Yale. The MacMillan Center hosted visits visits hosted Center MacMillan The Yale. at here classrooms the of outside place take that activities and events

In the pages of this newsletter, you will find just a small sample of the many lectures, conferences, and other other and conferences, lectures, many the of sample small a just find will you newsletter, this of pages the In

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Coca-Cola World Fund Lecture Fund World Coca-Cola ......

fall 2008. We anticipate that Middle East Studies activities will continue to grow in both scope and depth. and scope both in grow to continue will activities Studies East Middle that anticipate We 2008. fall

Modern Middle East Studies major was approved by the Yale College Faculty. Students can declare it beginning beginning it declare can Students Faculty. College Yale the by approved was major Studies East Middle Modern

program, a Turkish Studies component, and a Public Health initiative. I am pleased to report that a new new a that report to pleased am I initiative. Health Public a and component, Studies Turkish a program,

initiative will enhance interdisciplinary teaching and research through visiting faculty, an Iranian Studies Studies Iranian an faculty, visiting through research and teaching interdisciplinary enhance will initiative

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Another accomplishment that stands out is the strengthening of contemporary Middle East Studies. The The Studies. East Middle contemporary of strengthening the is out stands that accomplishment Another

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Karlan Receives Director’s Award Director’s Receives Karlan ......

expanding research faculty and other programs. other and faculty research expanding

it. We are on target for occupation in the fall of 2009. This will provide vital additional space for our rapidly rapidly our for space additional vital provide will This 2009. of fall the in occupation for target on are We it.

I am delighted that we have broken ground for the new Rosenkranz Hall and the construction continues on on continues construction the and Hall Rosenkranz new the for ground broken have we that delighted am I

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our Hellenic Studies Program were both elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Sciences. and Arts of Academy American the to elected both were Program Studies Hellenic our Ramirez Talks Latin American Politics American Latin Talks Ramirez ......

Democracy and Stathis Kalyvas, Director of our Program on Order, Conflict, and Violence and co-Director of of co-Director and Violence and Conflict, Order, on Program our of Director Kalyvas, Stathis and Democracy

who will arrive from Columbia next fall. I am pleased to note that Susan Stokes, Director of our Program on on Program our of Director Stokes, Susan that note to pleased am I fall. next Columbia from arrive will who

who came to us from Princeton last September and Thomas Pogge, a specialist in ethics and international affairs, affairs, international and ethics in specialist a Pogge, Thomas and September last Princeton from us to came who

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International Interdisciplinary Professorships: Professors Giovanni Maggi, an international trade economist economist trade international an Maggi, Giovanni Professors Professorships: Interdisciplinary International

After 9/11 After ......

February. I am especially pleased that two new faculty were appointed to our our to appointed were faculty new two that pleased especially am I February.

Security, Individual Rights & Minority Communities Communities Minority & Rights Individual Security,

and Society at Yale’s inaugural conference on Religion and Violence in in Violence and Religion on conference inaugural Yale’s at Society and

and culture at Yale; the new MacMillan Center Initiative on Religion, Politics, Politics, Religion, on Initiative Center MacMillan new the Yale; at culture and

endowment of a new center to promote the study of Greek language, heritage, heritage, language, Greek of study the promote to center new a of endowment

on Women, Religion, and Globalization; the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Foundation Niarchos Stavros the Globalization; and Religion, Women, on

Center. Some of the highlights: the development of a new two-year program program two-year new a of development the highlights: the of Some Center.

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progress that has taken place in many of the Councils at the MacMillan MacMillan the at Councils the of many in place taken has that progress e g a p

Students See Policy Made in Laos in Made Policy See Students ...... As this academic year draws to a close, I am heartened by the growth and and growth the by heartened am I close, a to draws year academic this As

Inside Highlights Inside Director’s Note Director’s