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Mollusca) in the Coastal Waters of the North Aegean Sea (Edremit Bay-Dardanelles)

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Mollusca) in the Coastal Waters of the North Aegean Sea (Edremit Bay-Dardanelles) Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (04), April 2018, pp. 877-883 Distribution and ecology of prosobranch gastropods (mollusca) in the coastal waters of the north aegean sea (edremit bay-dardanelles) Mehmet Culha1* & Muharrem Emre Sahin2 1Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcık, Cigli, Izmir/Turkey 2Fisheries and Aquaculture division, Mugla Dırectorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock, Mentese, Mugla/Turkey *[E.Mail: [email protected]] Received 08 June 2016; revised 04 October 2016 The highest number of species and individual is at Ayvalik station with a number of 29 species and 773 individuals, and the lowest number of species and specimens was recorded in Altinoluk with a number of 15 and 220, respectively. Yet, Bittium reticulatum is the most common species with 444 number of individuals and Alvania discors, Cerithiopsis pulvis, Clanculus corallinus, Galeodea echinophora, Scripta Mitrella are the least common type of species with a one individual for each one. Ecologies, distributions and seasonal comparisons of species; similarity analyses, physicochemical variables of stations and seasons; and index of diversity were also reported in the present study. [Keywords: Prosobranchia; Gastropoda; community structure; Edremit bay; Dardanelles] Introduction class Gastropoda (706 species), followed by Bivalvia In the Mediterranean Sea, benthic mollusk have (279 species), Cephalopoda (50 species), been used as descriptors of the sublittoral soft bottom Polyplacophora (17 species), Scaphopoda (10 benthic communities in association with their species), Caudofoveata (2species) and Solenogastres ecological relevance to water quality variations from (1species). Among the coasts of Turkey, the highest unpolluted to moderately and grossly polluted bays number of molluscan species was recorded from the with the impact of hypoxia and sedimentation linked Aegean Sea (825 species)5. In Dardanelles and to river discharges 1,2. They also play important roles Edremit’s shallow coast, limited studies6,7,8 including in the ecosystem structure and biodiversity mollusc have been made9,10,11,12until recently. The maintenance1. Furthermore, some mollusk have been objectives of this study were to investigate molluscan widely used in monitoring studies of various diversity in the area and to assess thefactors contaminants world wide because of their economic governing the spatiotemporal distributions of and ecological importance2. Also, information on the Prosobranchia mollusk in shallow waters of Edremit spatial and temporal distribution of species is bay and Dardanelles coast. important for understanding biotic and abiotic interactions in marine soft sediments3, 31. Materials and Methods Because of its location, geomorphological The benthic samples was collected at 8 stations structure, and hydrographical and ecological (Ayvalik, Gömeç, Altinoluk, Assos, Yeniköy, characteristics, the Aegean Sea comprises an Geyikli, Kumkale and Dardanos) (Figure1). in depth important part of the Mediterranean ecosystem. From from 0,5 to 1 m between the years 2011-2012 by the biological point of view, the Aegean Sea can be using sampling equipments such as hand dredge, divided into 2 sub-regions (northern and southern) as spatula and quadrat (30x30 cm). Biotopes and some the ecological features of these 2 basins show great other characteristics of the study stations were given variety 4. in Table 1-2. Then, The collected material was fixed According to a study, a total of 1065 species in 4% formalin solution and examined in the belonging to 7 classes (Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, laboratory. Material was washed through a sieve with Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, 0,5 mm and 1 mm mesh sizes, with the help of and Cephalopoda) were recorded along the Turkish pressurized water, and was then stored in 70% coast5. Most of the reported species belong to the alcohol. Also, specimens were classified into groups 878 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 47, NO. 04, APRIL 2018 using a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ61), and Values of physico-chemical variables measured at species were identified. Identification was performed the stations in the study were associated with number according to shell characteristics and several of individuals as well. Number of individuals had a reference sources, including a lot of negative correlation with annual average temperature 13,14,15,16,17,18,19 18,5 study were used. The methods and the (rp = 0.02), a positive and weak correlation with 20 Check List of European Marine Mollusca were average conductivity (rp = 0.35), a positive and followed for the systematic status of the species (see moderate correlation with average salinity (rp = 0.42), Table 4). Various statistical analyzes were carried out a positive, strong and statistically significant to establish the distributional and ecological correlation with average pH value (rp = 0.82) and a characteristics of those species and individuals. And, negative and statistically significant correlation with 26 the results of Soyer (1970) frequency index formula , average dissolved oxygen (rp = 0.23). Bellan-Santini (1969)’s Dominance index formula27, Out of 36 species belonging to 17 families were Shannon-Wiener (1949)’s diversity index28 (H'), identified. Among these, 24 were Atlanto- Pielou (1975)’s regularity index29 (j') and Bray-Curtis Mediterranean origin, 10 were endemic, 1 was of (1957)’s similarity index30 was created using Boreal origin and 1 was of Indo-Pacific origin. graphics. Species of Atlanto-Mediterranean origin had the Additionally, the physicochemical parameters of the sampling stations were measured in-situ seasonally from the surface to a depth of approximately 1m, using a YSI 556 MPS water quality meter probe (Table 3). The biotope characteristicsand some informations belonging to the stations are given in Table 1 and Table 2. Results and Discussion Values of physico-chemical variables measured at the stations in the study were associated The physico- chemical parameters of the study area was associatedwith number of species (Table 3). Number of species had a weak correlation with average temperature (rp = 0.03), a positive and weak correlation with average conductivity (rp = 0.19), a positive and weak correlation with average salinity (rp = 0.20), a positive and strong correlation with average Fig. 1 —The study area and sampling stations (A: Ayvalık, pH value (rp = 0.83) and a positive and weak B: Gömeç, C: Altınoluk, D: Assos, E: Geyikli, F: Yeniköy, correlation with average dissolved oxygen (rp = 0.23). G:Kumkale, H: Dardanos) Table 1 — The biotope characteristics of the stations Stations Biotopes Rc St Cs Sa Gr Fs Mu EU Cb Zm Mg A (Ayvalık) + + + B (Gömeç) + + + C (Altınoluk) + + + + + D (Assos) + + E (Geyikli) + + + + F (Yeniköy) + + + G (Kumkale) + + + + + H (Dardanos) + + + Abbreviation; Rc: Rocky, St: Stony, Cs: Coarse stone, Sa: Sandy, Gr: Grit, Fs: Fine sand, Mu: Muddy, EU: Enteremorpha spp.-Ulvas pp.,Cb: Cystoseira barbata, Zm: Zostera marina, Mg: Mytillus galloprovincialis CULHA & SAHIN: PROSOBRANCH GASTROPODS (MOLLUSCA) 879 Table 2 — Some informations regarding sampling stations Stations GPS coordinates Sampling date Sampling depth (m) Sampling equipment latitude longitude A 39°20'39.31"N 26°41'46.01"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 B 39°23'32.93"N 26°48'11.99"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 C 39°33'59.43"N 26°44'31.65"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 D 39°30'17.83"N 26°25'12.21"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 E 39°46'58.38"N 26° 9'24.38"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 F 39°56'28.86"N 26° 9'44.54"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 G 40° 0'1.37"N 26°15'39.17"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 H 40° 4'29.86"N 26°21'29.63"E 17.11.2011 0.5 - 1 Quadrat (30x30 cm), Spatula, Hand dredge 21.02.2012 20.05.2012 23.06.2012 Table 3 — The average annual values of the physico-chemical variables belonging to the stations Stations Temp. (°C) Conductivity (µS) Salinity (ppt) pH Dis. Oxygen (mg/L) A 17.57±3.89 55.71±3.44 39.28±0.19 7.49±0.21 6.73±0.21 B 16.27±3.74 55.35±3.31 38.88±0.19 6.8±0.33 6.60±0.28 C 18.23±1.70 53.71±2.18 37.08±1.39 6.69±0.74 5.83±0.37 D 18.27±1.73 55.37±2.24 38.43±0.78 6.75±0.61 6.72±0.36 E 17.31±2.26 53.69±4.42 37.32±1.48 6.60±0.65 6.78±0.40 F 17.93±2.54 54.72±3.62 38.86±0.14 6.79±0.70 6.31±0.46 G 16.08±3.12 45.11±3.04 31.14±0.54 6.6±0.71 7.47±0.27 H 16.48±3.28 43.40±2.90 29.87±1.21 7.11±0.80 7.86±0.42 highest dominance value with 67%, followed by distribution of species according to origin, species endemic species with 28% and Boreal species and Atlanto-Mediterranean origin had the highest Indo-Pacific species with 3%. It was found in a study dominance value with 69%, whereas species of conducted by Kolsal11at the Dardanelles, in terms of Boreal and Indo-Pacific origin had the lowest 880 INDIAN J.
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