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North West Shelf Project Extension Environmental Review Document

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North West Shelf Project Extension Environmental Review Document NORTH WEST SHELF PROJECT EXTENSION ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW DOCUMENT EPA Assessment No. 2186 EPBC 2018/8335 Revision 1 – December 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS INVITATION TO MAKE A SUBMISSION 6 SCOPING CHECKLIST 8 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14 1.1 Introduction 14 1.1.1 Background and Context 14 1.2 Overview of the Proposal 14 1.3 Summary of Potential Impacts, Existing and Proposed Mitigations, and Outcomes 15 2. INTRODUCTION 20 2.1 Overview 20 2.2 Purpose and Scope of the Environmental Review Document 20 2.2.1 Infrastructure in Commonwealth Waters 20 2.3 Proponent 21 2.4 Proposal Description (NWS Project Extension Proposal) 21 2.5 Existing NWS Project 25 2.5.1 Existing Environmental Approvals 26 2.6 Excluded from the Proposal 27 2.7 Woodside’s Management System 27 2.7.1 NWS Project Historical Environmental Performance 27 2.8 Proposal Justification 29 3. REGULATORY, LOCAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT 31 3.1 Regulatory Context 31 3.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Process 31 3.1.2 Other Approvals and Regulation 31 3.1.3 Decision-making Authorities 33 3.2 Local and Regional Context 33 3.2.1 Land Use 33 3.2.2 Other Developments in the Region 33 4. RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT 36 4.1 Meteorology 36 4.1.1 Temperature 36 4.1.2 Rainfall and Relative Humidity 36 4.1.3 Wind Speed and Wind Patterns 39 4.1.4 Climate Predictions in a Changing Climate 40 4.2 Air Quality 42 4.2.1 Air Quality Effects from Fires 43 4.2.2 Oxides of Nitrogen and Ozone 43 4.2.3 Volatile Organic Compounds (including Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene [BTEX]) 47 4.2.4 Airborne Particulate Matter as PM10 and PM2.5 47 4.2.5 Sulphur Dioxide 48 4.3 Terrestrial Environment 48 4.3.1 Soils and Geology 48 4.3.2 Vegetation and Flora 48 4.3.3 Hydrology 49 4.3.4 Ground Water 49 4.4 Marine Environment 51 4.4.1 Coastal Processes 53 4.4.2 Benthic Habitats 53 4.4.2.1 Mangroves 55 4.4.2.2 Marine Invertebrates 55 4.4.2.3 Coral 55 4.4.2.4 Seagrass 56 2 NORTH WEST SHELF PROJECT EXTENSION 4.4.2.5 Macroalgae 56 4.4.3 Intertidal Mudflats and Sand Flats 56 4.4.4 Shorelines 56 4.4.5 Water and Sediment Quality 56 4.4.5.1 Water Quality and Characteristics 56 4.4.5.2 Sediment Quality 57 4.4.6 Marine Fauna 57 4.4.7 Sensitivity of the Marine Environment 64 4.5 Existing Infrastructure 64 4.6 Social Environment 65 4.6.1 The Burrup Peninsula 67 4.6.2 Heritage Places and Features 67 4.6.3 Vegetation with Heritage Value 67 4.6.4 Heritage Value of the Marine Environment 68 5. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 70 5.1 Overview 70 5.2 Stakeholder Identification 70 5.3 Stakeholder Engagement Process 72 5.4 Stakeholder Consultation 72 5.4.1 Voluntary Social Impact Assessment (SIA) 72 5.4.1.1 SIA Key Findings 72 5.4.2 Environmental Scoping Document 73 5.4.3 Woodside Stakeholder Consultation 73 5.4.4 Indigenous Stakeholders 77 5.4.5 Summary of Stakeholder Feedback 77 5.5 Ongoing Stakeholder Engagement 77 6. ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS 79 6.1 Introduction 79 6.1.1 Identification of Key Environmental Factors 79 6.1.2 Impact Assessment Approach 79 6.1.2.1 Overview 79 6.1.2.2 Receiving Environment 79 6.1.2.3 Assessment of Impact and Risks 80 6.1.2.4 Existing and Proposed Mitigation Measures 85 6.1.2.5 Predicted Outcome 85 6.2 Principles 85 6.3 Key Environmental Factor – Air Quality (Health & Amenity) 88 6.3.1 EPA Objective 88 6.3.2 Policy and Guidance 88 6.3.3 Receiving Environment 88 6.3.4 Potential Impacts and Risks 90 6.3.4.1 Gaseous Emissions Causing a Reduction in Ambient Air Quality Impacting Human Health 90 6.3.4.2 Changes in Air Quality Causing Deposition on Nearby Heritage Features, Including National Heritage Places 105 6.3.4.3 Degradation of Terrestrial and Nearshore Vegetation of Heritage and Conservation Value due to Deposition of Gaseous Emissions 105 6.3.4.4 Emission of Odorous Substances and Dark Smoke Impacting Public Amenity 105 6.3.5 Existing and Proposed Mitigation 106 6.3.6 Predicted Outcome 108 6.4 Key Environmental Factor – Air Quality (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) 109 6.4.1 EPA Objective 109 6.4.2 Policy and Guidance 109 6.4.3 Receiving Environment 109 6.4.4 Potential Impacts and Risks 111 6.4.4.1 Contribution to global GHG concentrations from Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions 111 6.4.4.2 Climate Change Influenced by Changes to Global GHG Emission Concentrations 116 6.4.5 Existing and Proposed Mitigation 118 6.4.6 Predicted Outcome 119 6.5 Key Environmental Factor – Social Surroundings (Heritage) 120 6.5.1 EPA Objective 120 ontents 6.5.2 Policy and Guidance 120 C 6.5.3 Environment 120 of able T NORTH WEST SHELF PROJECT EXTENSION 3 6.5.4 Potential Impacts and Risks 122 6.5.4.1 Accelerated Weathering of Rock Art due to Industrial Emissions 122 6.5.4.2 Degradation of Terrestrial and Nearshore Vegetation of Heritage and Conservation Value due to Deposition of Gaseous Emissions 135 6.5.4.3 Direct, Accidental Physical Damage to Heritage Features within the Development Envelope 139 6.5.4.4 Continued Restricted Access to Heritage Features Within the Development Envelope until Around 2070 140 6.5.4.5 Reduced Amenity to Heritage Features Outside the Development Envelope as a Result of Odorous Substances (e.g. Odour from Atmospheric Emissions) 140 6.5.4.6 Harm to Marine Fauna and Flora with Heritage Value 140 6.5.5 Existing and Proposed Mitigation 142 6.5.6 Predicted Outcome 144 6.6 Key Environmental Factor – Marine Environmental Quality 145 6.6.1 EPA Objective 145 6.6.2 Policy and Guidance 145 6.6.3 Receiving Environment 145 6.6.4 Potential Impacts and Risks 149 6.6.4.1 Reduction in Marine Environment Quality, Resulting from Planned Discharges to the Marine Environment 149 6.6.4.2 Direct Reduction of Water and Sediment Quality and Indirect Impacts to Marine Flora and Fauna Resulting from Maintenance Dredging and Shipping 165 6.6.4.3 Direct Reduction of Water and Sediment Quality and Indirect Impacts to Marine Flora and Fauna, Resulting from Unplanned Discharges from Offshore or Onshore Accidents or Emergencies 166 6.6.4.4 Reduction of Water and Sediment Quality and Indirect Impacts to Marine Flora and Fauna, Resulting from the Presence and Potential Migration of Existing Onshore Contamination 168 6.6.5 Existing and Proposed Mitigation 169 6.6.6 Predicted Outcome 171 7. MATTERS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 173 7.1 Introduction 173 7.2 Relevant Policy and Guidance 173 7.3 Existing Environmental Values 173 7.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts of the Action 176 7.4.1 Relevant Impacts 176 7.4.1.1 Industrial Air Emissions Causing Accelerated Weathering of Petroglyphs Resulting in Degradation, Damage, Notable Alteration, Modification, Obscuring, or Diminishing the Values of the National Heritage Place 176 7.4.2 Direct, Accidental Physical Damage to Petroglyphs within the Portion of the Development Envelope that Overlaps the National Heritage Place 178 7.5 Existing and Proposed Mitigation Measures 179 7.6 Conclusion 179 8. HOLISTIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT 182 8.1 Introduction 182 8.2 Connections within the Receiving Environment 182 8.3 Environmental Principles 184 8.4 EPA Objectives for the Key Environmental Factors 188 9. REFERENCES 190 10. RELEVANT LEGISLATION 199 11. TERMS 204 12. APPENDICES 210 Appendix A NWS Project Extension Air Quality Management Plan 210 Appendix B NWS Project Extension Greenhouse Gas Management Plan 237 Appendix C NWS Project Extension Cultural Heritage Management Plan 265 Appendix D NWS Project Extension Marine Environmental Quality Management Plan 289 Appendix E NWS Project Extension Air Quality Impact Assessment 340 Appendix F NWS Project Extension Greenhouse Gas Benchmarking Report 459 Appendix G Karratha Gas Plant Wastewater Discharge Modelling 484 Appendix H A Synthesis of Literature on the Potential Impact of Industrial Air Emissions on Murujuga Rock Art 511 ontents C of able T 4 NORTH WEST SHELF PROJECT EXTENSION Tables Table 1-1: Summary of Potential Impacts described in ERD 15 Table 2-1: Summary of the Proposal 22 Table 2-2: Location and Proposed Extent of Physical and Operational Elements 22 Table 2-3: Summary of Environmental Approvals for the existing NWS Project 26 Table 3-2: Decision-making Authorities Relevant to the Proposal 33 Table 4-1: Wind Speed Comparisons – Burrup Peninsula 2014 40 Table 4-2: Vegetation with Medium or High Sensitivity 49 Table 4-3: EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Results Relevant to the Proposal 58 Table 4-4: Key Information on Marine Turtles in the North West Shelf Marine Region 61 Table 4-5: Marine Environments with Medium or High Sensitivity 64 Table 5-1: Stakeholders and Stakeholder Groups 71 Table 5-2: Stakeholder Consultation Activities to Date 74 Table 6-1: Receptor Sensitivity definitions 81 Table 6-3: Consideration of Environmental Protection Principles 86 Table 6-4: Air Quality Receiving Environment 89 Table 6-5: Scenarios used for Cumulative Air Dispersion Modelling 91 Table 6-6: NEPM (Ambient Air) Standards Relevant to the Proposal1 93 Table 6-7: Summary of TAPM-GRS Results: Discrete Receptor Locations 94 Table 6-8: Summary of TAPM-GRS Results: Grid Receptor Maxima and NEPM (Ambient Air Quality) Standards 94 Table 6-9: Existing and Proposed Additional Mitigation Measures: Air Quality (Health and Amenity) 106 Table 6-10: Air Quality (Health and Amenity) Impact Assessment Summary 108 Table 6-11: Air Quality (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Receiving Environment 110 Table 6-12: Estimated Summary of Maximum Scope 1 and 2 Emissions for NWS Project Extension1 111 Table 6-13: Emission Factors for the Calculation of Scope 3 GHG Emissions 112 Table 6-14: Estimated Scope 3 Emissions for NWS Project Extension 112 Table 6-15: Estimated Summary of Maximum Scope 3 Emissions
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