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A Study on the Contribution of Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva in the Field of Assamese Literature and Culture in Relation to Its Educational Significance

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A Study on the Contribution of Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva in the Field of Assamese Literature and Culture in Relation to Its Educational Significance JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 6, 2020 A STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAHAPURUSH SRIMANTA SANKARDEVA IN THE FIELD OF ASSAMESE LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN RELATION TO ITS EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Nipshikha Bonia1, Bilina Devi Kataky2 , Dipika Baruah3 1,2 Research Scholars, Dibrugarh University, Assam 3 Lecturer, Rev. William Ward Junior College, Lakhimpur, Assam. India ABSTRACT: Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva was an assamese saint-scholar, poet, social-religious reformer, playwright, polymath and a figure of importance in the cultural and religious history of Assam. Srimanta Sankardeva had given Assam a new life and new shape.The religious preaching and activities of Srimanta Sankardeva contributed significantly in shaping the Assamese Culture and literature. Study about his life and works is of great academic importance in Assam. The educational, cultural and literature contribution by him still influences the modern creative works. The ideas, cultural contribution and philosophy of Srimanta Sankardeva have become an integral part of the life of Assamese people. Therefore, the investigators have felt the need to study about the contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of assamese literature and culture in relation to its educational significanceto uplift the moral, spiritual, value based thought, character building and personality development of the future generation of the people. The main objectives of the study are to study the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture and to study the educational significance of the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture. KEYWORDS: Mahapurusha Srimanta sankardeva, Cultural Contribution, Assamese Literature, Educational Significance. I. INTRODUCTION Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva was an assamese saint-scholar, poet, social-religious reformer, playwright, polymath and a figure of importance in the cultural and religious history of Assam. Srimanta Sankardeva had given Assam a new life and new shape. He was a human God in the earth and amongst the people of Assam and he is the most celebrated name in Assam. He was really the most worthy son of God, whichis also regarded as an incarnation by section of Assamese people. Srimanta Sankardeva was a versatile genius, a good administrator, a religious teacher and a leading social reformer. He was all, and all was in him – a painter, a musician, a scholar and above all an ideal Asssamese of a long past. Srimanta Sankardeva is like a saviour to the Assamses society. He spread Neo Vaisnavism in Assam and regenerated the whole society refurnishing its faith, cultural, social structure and integrity. 1.1. Significance of the study: Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva is a religious saint for the people of Assam. The religious preaching and activities of Srimanta Sankardev contributed significantly in shaping the Assamese Culture and literature. Study about his life and works is of great academic importance in Assam. The educational, cultural and literature contribution by him still influences the modern creative works.Srimanta Sankardeva was a pioneer of Assamese art and culture, language and literature and also of education. The ideas, cultural contribution and philosophy of Srimanta Sankardevahave become an integral part of the life of Assamese people. Therefore, the investigators have felt the need to study aboutthe contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of assamese literature and culture in relation to its educational significanceto uplift the moral, spiritual, value based thought, character building and personality development of the future generation of the people. 1.2. Delimitation of the study: The delimitation of the present study is as under: 2346 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 6, 2020 a) The present study is delimited to the materials available to the investigators concerning with Srimanta Sankardeva. b) The present study will specify only the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture. c) II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY a) To study the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture. b) To study the educational significance of the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture. c) III. METHODOLOGY The present study is based on secondary data collected from secondary sources i.e. books, research paper, research articles, reports etc. published in journals and periodical. Some information is also collected “Kritan ghosa” of Sankardeva and books written about Sankardeva by some authors. The present study is descriptive in nature. IV. RESULT AND DISSCUSSION Objective: 1:- To study the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture. Sl Names of the Contributions Discussion on the Contribution of Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankardeva in No. of Mahapurusha Srimanta the field of Assamese literature and culture Sankardeva in the field of Assamese literature and culture 1. Poetic Work Sankardeva’s reputation as a poet is often overshadowed by his greatness as a preacher and a religious reformer. The focus point behind Sankardeva’s poetry is personation of Visnu as karma. This is the pivotal theme of the resurgent vaisnava literature of Indian as a whole. The incarnation was an act of compassion like Christ’s which had been the motive force of the great art and literature of European Middle Ages and after. He celebrates the incarnated Krishna in most of his works. The greatness of his poetry hinges on this double version that Krishnadivine and his human nature. The name of the poetic work of Sankardeva are Kirtan-Ghosa, Harischandra- upayana, Rukminiharana, ajamil opakhyana, Bali-Chalona, Kurukshetra Yatra,Gopi Uddava Samvada, Amtrita Manthana etc. 2. Bhakti Theory The main intention of Sankardeva to establish Bhakti theory is to convert Saktism to Vaishnavism. Through Bhakti theory, Sankardeva tried to disseminate different principle of his Nava-Vaishnava religion among the people of Assam. Different books of Sankardeva that established his Bhakti theory are Bhakti Pradipa, Anadi Patona, Nimi Navaridha Samvada, Bhakti Ratnakar ( in Sanskrit), Gunamala. 3. Transliteration Sankardeva rendered Bhagavata Purana ( section-vi, viii,i, ii,vii,ix,x,xi,xii) from Sanskrit to Assamese words and idioms of the time. Further, he translated the first canto of Ramayana (Adi Kanda) and last canto (Uttara Kanda). 4. Drama Sankardev denoted the beginning of the assamese drama in the fifteenth century which known as Angkia Naat. It is an unique form of dance- drama. Angkia Naats are complete composition of art with slokas,bhatimas, dance, songs and dialogues, contributing to create a form of superhuman loveliness. The early specimens of dramatic prose embedded in these plays are remarkable for their intimate, colloquial tone, expressive style and adroit rhythms. He handling of Brajavali in this 2347 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 6, 2020 kind of poetic drama is hardly paralleled elsewhere in India. But, the songs accompanying the dancing of the Sutradhara expresses, though their haunting melodies, the subtle nuances of feelings generated in the hearts of the characters in situations charged with emotion. The Angkiya Naats are written by Sankardeva are Cihna Yatra, Patni- prasada, parijat Harana, Kali Damana, Rukmini Harana, Keli Gopala, Sriom vijoya 5. Song All the songs are written and composited by Sankardeva are known as Borgeet in Assamese Society for its high value and reputation. Borgeet are some of the most classic devotional songs. The tune and rhythms of these songs are set in the dhrupara tradition and are fixed for all times. They are sung in the same tune and rhythms as in the lifetime of the saint without conscious variation. These tunes have survived the attack of time and have hunted people’s mind for half a millennium. The carefully chosen word, the stately rhythms and deep-set imagery set lyrics maintain the highest dignity of Borgeet. In depth of feelings and structural ordinance of spiritual lyrics also the best part of Borgeet for which it occupies the highest place of assamese cultural field. Sankardeva composed total 240 Borgeet, but only 34 exist in present time. Besides, Bhatima is also a kind of panegyrics song written by Sankardeva. There are three types of Bhatima- Deva Bhatima (panegyrics to God), Nat bhatima (use in drama) and Raja Bhatima (panegyrics to King). 6. Sattriya Dance Satriya dance or sattria Nritya is a major Indian classical dance. It is a dance-drama performance art with origins in the Krishna-centred Vaishnavasim monasteries of Assam, and attributed to the 15th century. It is a very rich form of Assamese classical dance which need hard training and hearty dedication from the part of the dancer. It is based on proper coordination of body and mind of the dancer. 7. Namghor The Namghor is a prayer-house where the devotees, present as the congregation, sign the name of God. Namghor can be considered as one of the most powerful instrument for popularising a Sankardev’s ideology, philosophy and religious thought and alive it each and every Assamese people’s heart from ancient to present time. Earlier, Sankardeva established Namghor for imparting the religious knowledge among villagers. Letter on, Namghor has become the
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