The Availability of 16Srdna Gene for Identifying Forensically Important Blowflies in China
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Terry Whitworth 3707 96Th ST E, Tacoma, WA 98446
Terry Whitworth 3707 96th ST E, Tacoma, WA 98446 Washington State University E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Published in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Vol. 108 (3), 2006, pp 689–725 Websites blowflies.net and birdblowfly.com KEYS TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF BLOW FLIES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO UPDATES AND EDITS AS OF SPRING 2017 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................... 5 Separating families ....................................................................................................... 10 Key to subfamilies and genera of Calliphoridae ........................................................... 13 See Table 1 for page number for each species Table 1. Species in order they are discussed and comparison of names used in the current paper with names used by Hall (1948). Whitworth (2006) Hall (1948) Page Number Calliphorinae (18 species) .......................................................................................... 16 Bellardia bayeri Onesia townsendi ................................................... 18 Bellardia vulgaris Onesia bisetosa ..................................................... -
Forensic Entomology: the Use of Insects in the Investigation of Homicide and Untimely Death Q
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Winter 1989 41 Forensic Entomology: The Use of Insects in the Investigation of Homicide and Untimely Death by Wayne D. Lord, Ph.D. and William C. Rodriguez, Ill, Ph.D. reportedly been living in and frequenting the area for several Editor’s Note weeks. The young lady had been reported missing by her brother approximately four days prior to discovery of her Special Agent Lord is body. currently assigned to the An investigation conducted by federal, state and local Hartford, Connecticut Resident authorities revealed that she had last been seen alive on the Agency ofthe FBi’s New Haven morning of May 31, 1984, in the company of a 30-year-old Division. A graduate of the army sergeant, who became the primary suspect. While Univercities of Delaware and considerable circumstantial evidence supported the evidence New Hampshin?, Mr Lordhas that the victim had been murdered by the sergeant, an degrees in biology, earned accurate estimation of the victim’s time of death was crucial entomology and zoology. He to establishing a link between the suspect and the victim formerly served in the United at the time of her demise. States Air Force at the Walter Several estimates of postmortem interval were offered by Army Medical Center in Reed medical examiners and investigators. These estimates, Washington, D.C., and tire F however, were based largely on the physical appearance of Edward Hebert School of the body and the extent to which decompositional changes Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. had occurred in various organs, and were not based on any Rodriguez currently Dr. -
Test Key to British Blowflies (Calliphoridae) And
Draft key to British Calliphoridae and Rhinophoridae Steven Falk 2016 BRITISH BLOWFLIES (CALLIPHORIDAE) AND WOODLOUSE FLIES (RHINOPHORIDAE) DRAFT KEY March 2016 Steven Falk Feedback to [email protected] 1 Draft key to British Calliphoridae and Rhinophoridae Steven Falk 2016 PREFACE This informal publication attempts to update the resources currently available for identifying the families Calliphoridae and Rhinophoridae. Prior to this, British dipterists have struggled because unless you have a copy of the Fauna Ent. Scand. volume for blowflies (Rognes, 1991), you will have been largely reliant on Van Emden's 1954 RES Handbook, which does not include all the British species (notably the common Pollenia pediculata), has very outdated nomenclature, and very outdated classification - with several calliphorids and tachinids placed within the Rhinophoridae and Eurychaeta palpalis placed in the Sarcophagidae. As well as updating keys, I have also taken the opportunity to produce new species accounts which summarise what I know of each species and act as an invitation and challenge to others to update, correct or clarify what I have written. As a result of my recent experience of producing an attractive and fairly user-friendly new guide to British bees, I have tried to replicate that approach here, incorporating lots of photos and clear, conveniently positioned diagrams. Presentation of identification literature can have a big impact on the popularity of an insect group and the accuracy of the records that result. Calliphorids and rhinophorids are fascinating flies, sometimes of considerable economic and medicinal value and deserve to be well recorded. What is more, many gaps still remain in our knowledge. -
Key for Identification of European and Mediterranean Blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Forensic Importance Adult Flies
Key for identification of European and Mediterranean blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of forensic importance Adult flies Krzysztof Szpila Nicolaus Copernicus University Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection Department of Animal Ecology Key for identification of E&M blowflies, adults The list of European and Mediterranean blowflies of forensic importance Calliphora loewi Enderlein, 1903 Calliphora subalpina (Ringdahl, 1931) Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus, 1758) Cynomya mortuorum (Linnaeus, 1761) Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) Chrysomya marginalis (Wiedemann, 1830) Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Lucilia ampullacea Villeneuve, 1922 Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus, 1758) Lucilia illustris (Meigen, 1826) Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) Lucilia silvarum (Meigen, 1826) 2 Key for identification of E&M blowflies, adults Key 1. – stem-vein (Fig. 4) bare above . 2 – stem-vein haired above (Fig. 4) . 3 (Chrysomyinae) 2. – thorax non-metallic, dark (Figs 90-94); lower calypter with hairs above (Figs 7, 15) . 7 (Calliphorinae) – thorax bright green metallic (Figs 100-104); lower calypter bare above (Figs 8, 13, 14) . .11 (Luciliinae) 3. – genal dilation (Fig. 2) whitish or yellowish (Figs 10-11). 4 (Chrysomya spp.) – genal dilation (Fig. 2) dark (Fig. 12) . 6 4. – anterior wing margin darkened (Fig. 9), male genitalia on figs 52-55 . Chrysomya marginalis – anterior wing margin transparent (Fig. 1) . 5 5. – anterior thoracic spiracle yellow (Fig. 10), male genitalia on figs 48-51 . Chrysomya albiceps – anterior thoracic spiracle brown (Fig. 11), male genitalia on figs 56-59 . Chrysomya megacephala 6. – upper and lower calypters bright (Fig. 13), basicosta yellow (Fig. 21) . Phormia regina – upper and lower calypters dark brown (Fig. -
A Case of Insect Colonization Before the Death Stefano Vanin, Phd1, Manuela Bonizzoli, MD3, Marialuisa Migliaccio, MD3, Laura T
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Huddersfield Repository A case of insect colonization before the death Stefano Vanin, PhD1, Manuela Bonizzoli, MD 3, Marialuisa Migliaccio, MD 3, Laura Tadini Buoninsegni, MD 3, Valentina Bugelli, MD2, Vilma Pinchi, PhD, DDS2, Martina Focardi, MD2 1School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK; 2Department of Health Sciences, Forensic Medicine Section, University of Florence, Italy; 3Department of Neuromusculoskeletal and Sensory Organs, University of Florence, Italy ABSTRACT Forensic entomology is a branch of forensic science in which insects are used as evidence in legal investigations relating to humans, domestic animals and wildlife. One of the theoretical pillars on which the discipline is based concerns the fact that flies colonize a body after death. However in cases of myiasis maggots are present before death, with consequences in the correct estimation of the minimum Post Mortem Interval (mPMI). We report here the case of a woman, largely colonized by fly larvae, who has lain alive in her garden for four days prior to being rescued. Larvae were found on the conjunctivae, the bronchi, the rectum and vagina. The woman’s death, two months later, was caused by tetanus. The consequences of myiasis on mPMI estimation are here discussed. In fact, despite she was still alive larvae, showed and estimated age of 1.5-2.5 days, based on environmental and body temperature. Key-Words: forensic science, forensic entomology, forensic pathology, PMI estimation, myiasis, Calliphoridae Forensic entomology is the branch of forensic sciences in which insects are used as evidence in legal investigations related to humans, domestic animals and wildlife (1-3). -
Forensic Entomology Forensic Entomology
Forensic Entomology Forensic Entomology 1 Forensic Entomology Objectives You will understand: The stages of death. The role insects play in the decomposition of carrion. Postmortem interval and how it is estimated. The life cycle of insects. How variables affect results of scientific experiments. 2 Forensic Entomology Objectives, continued You will be able to: Distinguish among major insect types associated with carrion. Identify the relationship between insect type and the stages of death. Perform the same experiments that forensic entomologists do. Estimate time of death. Rear flies from pupae and larvae to adult. Explore variables affecting the determination of time of death. 3 Forensic Entomology Activities Test Your Knowledge of the Insect World Collection and Observation of Insects The Potato Corpse Estimating Time of Death The Effects of Temperature on Rearing of Maggots Fly Infestation as a Function of Habitat Beetle Infestation of Carrion Maggot Ingestion of Drugs from a Corpse 4 Forensic Entomology Taxonomy Classification of Things in an Orderly Way We are interested in the phylum, Arthropoda; class, Insecta; order: Diptera (flies) Coleoptera (beetles) 5 Forensic Entomology Forensic Entomology Entomology is the study of insects. Forensic entomology involves the use of insects and other arthropods to aid in legal investigations. There are three areas of application: Insect damage to structures Infestation of foodstuffs Insects that inhabit human remains The latter category is the subject of this chapter. 6 Forensic Entomology The Process of Death Algor Mortis: Body cooling rate Hours since death = 98.4°F – internal body temperature 1.5 Livor Mortis: skin discoloration caused by pooling of blood Rigor Mortis: rigidity of skeletal muscles Temperature of body Stiffness of body Time since death Warm Not stiff Not dead more than 3 hours Warm Stiff Dead between 3 and 8 hours Cold Stiff Dead between 8 and 36 hours Cold Not stiff Dead for more than 36 hours A pathologist estimates time of death from these factors. -
SPATIAL and TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION of the FORENSICALLY SIGNIFICANT BLOW FLIES of LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) Royce T
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations & Theses in Natural Resources Natural Resources, School of Spring 4-19-2019 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORENSICALLY SIGNIFICANT BLOW FLIES OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) Royce T. Cumming University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natresdiss Part of the Entomology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Cumming, Royce T., "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORENSICALLY SIGNIFICANT BLOW FLIES OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)" (2019). Dissertations & Theses in Natural Resources. 284. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natresdiss/284 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses in Natural Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORENSICALLY SIGNIFICANT BLOW FLIES OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) By Royce T. Cumming A THESIS Presented to the Graduate Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Natural Resource Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor Leon Higley Lincoln, Nebraska April 2018 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORENSICALLY SIGNIFICANT BLOW FLIES OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) Royce T. Cumming M.S. University of Nebraska, 2019 Advisor: Leon Higley Forensic entomology although not a commonly used discipline in the forensic sciences, does have its niche and when used by investigators is respected in crinimolegal investigations (Greenberg and Kunich, 2005). -
Arthropod Succession on Exposed and Shaded Mammalian Carcasses in Nsukka, Nigeria
Animal Research International (2020) 17( 3 ): 3869 – 3877 3869 ARTHROPOD SUCCESSION ON EXPOSED AND SHADED MAMMALIAN CARCASSES IN NSUKKA, NIGERIA ONYISHI, Grace Chinenye , OSUALA, Fredrick, AGUZIE, Ifeanyi Oscar , OKWUONU , Elijah Sunday and ORAKWELU, Chinemerem Hodges Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, U niversity of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Onyishi, G. C. Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Email: grace.ony [email protected] Phone: +234 7064609656 Received February 26, 2020 ; Revised March 08, 2020; Accepted October 26, 2020 ABSTRACT Ten Wistar rats were used as model to study arthropod succession on carcass under shade and exposed conditions . Carcass decomposition took longer periods under shade than on the exposed site . Four decomposition stages ( fresh, bloated, decay and dry ) were observed. A total of 164 arthropods were c ollected belonging to three classes : Insecta, Arachnida and Crustacean. I nsects formed 95.1 2 %, arachnids 1.22 % and crustaceans 3.66 %. Large numbers of arthropods were found on the exposed carcass than the shaded carcass . C alliphorids and S arcophagids were the primary colonizers observed breeding on the carcasses. The most abundant insects include Chrysomya albiceps (13.4 %) and Lucilia serricata (10.3 7 %). Other dipterans including Muscidae, Phoridae, Sepidae, Fannidae and A nthomyiidae were found during the bloated and decay stages. Famil ies of the coleopterans including; Dermestidae, Silpgidae, Staphylinidae and H isteridae were observed during the bloated to the dry stages and fed on the immature dipterous maggots and carrion remains. Hymenopterans were observed throughout the process of decomposition and played a vital role in carcass decomposition. -
(Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Forensic Importance Third Instars
Key for identification of European and Mediterranean blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of forensic importance Third instars Krzysztof Szpila Nicolaus Copernicus University Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection Department of Animal Ecology Key for identification of E&M blowflies, third instars 2 Key for identification of E&M blowflies, third instars 3 Key for identification of E&M blowflies, third instars Key 1. – abdominal segments of the larva with numerous fleshy protuberances (Fig. 1A) . Chrysomya albiceps – abdominal segments of the larva without such protuberances . 2 2. – oral sclerite at least partly sclerotised (Figs 1BD, 2AFJ, 3A, 4A, 5FK) . 3 – oral sclerite totally unsclerotised (Figs 1C, 3FJ, 4EHK) . 10 3. – sclerotised part of the oral sclerite short, almost circular (Figs 1D, 3A, 4A, 5FK) . 4 – oral sclerite well sclerotised along the whole length (Figs 1B, 2AFJ) . 6 4. – spines small, with single tips, arranged in short rows (check on the thoracic segments) (Fig. 4C); posterior spiracles wide apart and with complete peritreme (Fig. 4D) . Lucilia ampullacea – spines large, robust, arranged separately (check on the thoracic segments) (Figs 3CD, 5IJ); posterior spiracles close to each other and with incomplete peritreme (Figs 3E, 5G) . 5 5. – all spines with single, blunt tips (check on the thoracic segments) (Figs 5IJ) . .Chrysomya marginalis – at least some spines with serrated tips (check on the thoracic segments) (Figs 3CD) . Chrysomya megacephala 6. – spines large, arranged separately (check on the thoracic segments) (Figs 2CD) . .. Calliphora vomitoria – spines small, arranged in short rows (check on the thoracic segments) . 7 7. – posterior spiracles relatively close together (SDF≈1.0) (Figs 1E, 2I) . -
Forensically Important Calliphoridae (Diptera) Associated with Animal and Human Decomposition in the Czech Republic: Preliminary Results
ISSN 1211-3026 Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 62: 255-266, 2013 DOI: 10.2478/cszma-2013-0024 Forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera) associated with animal and human decomposition in the Czech Republic: preliminary results Hana Šuláková & Miroslav Barták Forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera) associated with animal and human decomposition in the Czech Republic: preliminary results. – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 62: 255-266, 2013. Abstract: Two studies to establish standards of sampling of entomological evidence for crime scene technicians and forensic experts in the Czech Republic were pursued in years 2011 to 2013. During experiments, pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica Linnaeus, 1758) were used as models for human bodies and important data about succession of decomposition of large carcasses were also obtained. Altogether 21 species of Calliphoridae were collected, of which ten are classified as forensically important: Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus, 1758), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826), Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Lucilia illustris (Meigen, 1826), Lucilia ampullacea Villeneuve, 1922, Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus, 1758), Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Lucilia silvarum (Meigen, 1826), and Cynomya mortuorum (Linnaeus, 1761). The next eleven species belonged to genera Bellardia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1836, Melinda Robineau- Desvoidy, 1830, Onesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; the blow flies associated with earthworms and snails, and their role in decomposition is discussed. Finally, our results stated that a pyramidal trap along with pitfall traps and rearing of larvae from the carcass are suitable tool for successional studies of forensically important invertebrates. Key words: Diptera, Calliphoridae, decomposition, forensic entomology, pyramidal trap Introduction Forensic entomology is a particular field of criminalistics which is based on knowledge of invertebrate fauna succession on cadavers. -
Shape Analysis of Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Wing Venation
Shape Analysis of Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Wing Venation Samantha Hittson Abstract A new method of identification of blow flies is geometric morphometric of the blow fly wing venation. In this study, 83 specimens form 5 different species were run through the MorphoJ software. The results showed that geometric morphometrics can be used to identify easily to genus, and in some cases, it can be used to identify to species. Introduction Forensic entomology is the use of insects in the legal system. One of the most common ways is in post mortem interval (PMI) estimates. The PMI estimate method that is most well- known is the use of Accumulated Degree Days or Hours (ADD or ADH) (Reibe 2010). The ADH represents the number of hours needed for the development of the blow fly larvae. The ADD or ADH concept relies on the assumption that the developmental rate is proportional to the temperature within a certain species-specific temperature (Reibe 2010). It is important to know the exact species of the fly to estimate the correct PMI. The current types of identification are morphologically using taxonomy or DNA testing. DNA testing can be expensive and not everyone has the testing capabilities. Morphological identification is not always accurate and does not have a confidence interval. Geometric morphometrics of the blow fly wing venation is a new option for identification. It is a quantitative species identification and would provide a confidence interval. This is important because part of the Daubert standards is that there is a known or potential error rate. Currently there is not, but geometric morphometrics can provide one. -
Seasonal Colonization and Decomposition of Rat Carrion in Water and on Land in an Open Field in South Carolina
Seasonal Colonization and Decomposition of Rat Carrion in Water and on Land in an Open Field in South Carolina JEFFERY K. TOMBERLIN1 AND PETER H. ADLER Department of Entomology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0365 J. Med. Entomol. 35(5): 704-709 (1998) ABSTRACT Decomposition and insect colonization of rat, Rattus rattus L., carrion on land and in water were compared during summer and winter in a plowed field in northwestern South Carolina. During winter, carcasses on land reached the dried-remains stage of decomposition, whereas carcasses in water reached the early-floating stage. During summer, carcasses in both habitats entered the final-remains stage of decomposition in 1-2 wk. Fewer than 30 species of carrion insects were recorded from the carcasses over the duration of the study, probably reflecting the small size of the carcasses and the depauperate fauna of the habitat. Three species of blow flies—Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, and Lucilia illustris (Mei- gen) — colonized carrion on land during winter, but no insects colonized carrion in water during winter. Two species of blow flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen), and 1 species of flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata Parker, colonized the carrion on land and in water during summer; the blow fly, Phonnia reglna (Meigen), colonized only the carrion on land. This study demonstrated seasonal variation in decomposition and colonization patterns of carrion in contrasting habitats, with important implications for forensic entomology. KEY WORDS carrion, decomposition, Calliphoridae, forensic entomology THE LARGE BODY of literature on arthropod colonization The current study examines insect colonization and of terrestrial carrion has great utility for forensic en- rates of decay of rat carcasses on land and in water tomology (e.g., Smith 1986, Catts and Goff 1992).