DOCSLIB.ORG

Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Based on Insect Evidence: Current Challenges

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Based on Insect Evidence: Current Challenges insects Review Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Based on Insect Evidence: Current Challenges Szymon Matuszewski 1,2 1 Laboratory of Criminalistics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Swi˛etyMarcin´ 90, 61-809 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] 2 Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Pozna´nskiego 10, 61-614 Pozna´n, Poland Simple Summary: The post-mortem interval of human cadavers may be estimated based on insect evidence. In order to identify scientific challenges that pertain to these estimations, I review forensic entomology literature and conclude that research on the development and succession of carrion insects, thermogenesis on cadavers and the accuracy of PMI estimates are of primary importance to advance this field. Abstract: During death investigations insects are used mostly to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). These estimates are only as good as they are close to the true PMI. Therefore, the major chal- lenge for forensic entomology is to reduce the estimation inaccuracy. Here, I review literature in this field to identify research areas that may contribute to the increase in the accuracy of PMI estimation. I conclude that research on the development and succession of carrion insects, thermogenesis in aggregations of their larvae and error rates of the PMI estimation protocols should be prioritized. Challenges of educational and promotional nature are discussed as well, particularly in relation to the collection of insect evidence. Citation: Matuszewski, S. Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Keywords: forensic entomology; carrion insects; development; succession; validation Based on Insect Evidence: Current Challenges. Insects 2021, 12, 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ insects12040314 1. Introduction Academic Editor: Daniel Martín-Vega Carrion insects living in human cadavers can be highly useful for the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) [1,2]. Methods for PMI estimation based on insect evidence Received: 28 February 2021 are developed, validated, improved and applied by forensic entomologists. This field is Accepted: 29 March 2021 growing with a constant increase in the number of scientific publications and countries where Published: 1 April 2021 entomology-based estimation of PMI is regularly used in death investigations [3,4]. As a maturing field, forensic entomology contains several weaknesses and under-researched areas. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral These challenges are the focus of this article. with regard to jurisdictional claims in A PMI estimate is only as good as it is close to the true PMI. The accuracy of estimation published maps and institutional affil- is most important, particularly for the end users of insect evidence. Therefore, the major iations. general challenge for the field is to reduce the estimation inaccuracy. Its sources are related to both the collection and analysis of insect evidence (Figure1). I divided this paper into sections devoted to the collection of insect evidence, research on insect development and succession, reconstructing temperature conditions, analysis of challenging evidence and Copyright: © 2021 by the author. validation of the protocols for PMI estimation. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Insects 2021, 12, 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12040314 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/insects Insects 2021, 12, 314 2 of 21 Insects 2021, 12, x 2 of 22 FigureFigure 1. Sources 1. Sources of of inaccuracy inaccuracy in the the estimation estimation of the ofthe post-mortem post-mortem interval interval (PMI) based (PMI) on based insect on evidence. insect evidence.Green circles Green represent the sources, their size represents importance of the sources. Pictures of insects were made by Anna Mądra- circles represent the sources, their size represents importance of the sources. Pictures of insects were made by Anna Bielewicz (Poznań, Poland). M ˛adra-Bielewicz(Pozna´n,Poland). 2. Collection of Insect Evidence 2. Collection of Insect Evidence Errors in the collection of insect evidence are certainly among the most important Errors in the collection of insect evidence are certainly among the most important sources of the inaccuracy in PMI estimation. Death scene samples frequently misrepresent sourcescadaver of entomofauna. the inaccuracy However, in PMI estimation.it is difficult Deathto discern scene how samples bad these frequently samples misrepresent usually cadaverare and entomofauna. what the consequences However, of sampling it is difficult erro tors are discern for the how estimation bad these of PMI. samples In most usually arecases and insects what theare consequencescollected by law of enforcement sampling errors officers are or for medical the estimation examiners, of and PMI. rarely In most casesby entomologists. insects are collected In a recent by case, law insects enforcement were sampled officers by or police medical officers examiners, with the andmedi- rarely bycal entomologists. examiner and independently In a recent case, by entomolo insectsgists, were which sampled enabled—in by police this officers paper—the with the medicalcomparison examiner of samples and independently taken by non-experts by entomologists, and experts [5]. which The sample enabled—in taken by this non- paper— theexperts comparison was distinctly of samples less diverse taken and by non-experts did not contain and insect experts evidence, [5]. The based sample on which taken by non-expertsPMI has finally was been distinctly estimated less (see diverse Tables and1 and did 2 in not[5]). containIf PMI was insect estimated evidence, in this basedcase on whichusing PMIonly hasthe non-expert finally been sample, estimated no meaningful (see Tables maximum1 and2 in PMI [ 5would]). If PMIbe derived, was estimated alt- inhough this case the minimum using only PMI the would non-expert be similar sample, to the noone meaningful estimated based maximum on the expert PMI wouldsam- be derived,ple (unpublished although data). the minimum Another kind PMI of would error bein the similar collection to the of one evidence estimated is thebased error of on the expertpreservation. sample Insects (unpublished may be preserved data). Another improperly, kind for of example error in using the collectionan unsuitable of evidencepre- isservative the error or of a preservation.leaking container Insects [6,7]. maySuch beerrors preserved may limit improperly, the scope of for possible example analyses using an and in extreme cases may even destroy the evidence. Although there are no surveys of unsuitable preservative or a leaking container [6,7]. Such errors may limit the scope of errors in the collection of insect evidence, I think that most experts share the opinion that possible analyses and in extreme cases may even destroy the evidence. Although there insect samples frequently misrepresent cadaver entomofauna or are preserved improp- areerly. no We surveys should of therefore errors in discuss the collection whether our of insectguidelines evidence, for the Icollection think that of mostevidence experts shareare truly the opinionfit-for-purpose. that insect samples frequently misrepresent cadaver entomofauna or are preservedGuidelines improperly. for the collection We should of insect therefore evidence discussstate that whether death scene our samples guidelines should for the collectionaccurately of represent evidence cadaver are truly entomofauna, fit-for-purpose. i.e., all life stages of each important species thatGuidelines inhabit a cadaver for the should collection be represent of insected evidence in the sample state [8–10]. that death Cadaver scene entomofauna samples should accuratelymay be very represent diverse cadaver and abundant, entomofauna, consisting i.e., allof many life stages life stages of each from important many species, species that inhabitsome in a cadaver very large should numbers. be represented However, to in estimate the sample PMI [only8–10 a]. small Cadaver part entomofaunaof it is necessary. may be very diverse and abundant, consisting of many life stages from many species, some in very large numbers. However, to estimate PMI only a small part of it is necessary. Usually, we choose the most developmentally advanced life stage of the most successionally advanced species, and even if the PMI estimate is based on a larger number of taxa, this is usually no more than two or three [11]. Therefore, in most cases a representative sample is redundant, Insects 2021, 12, 314 3 of 21 and for this reason we should reshape guidelines for the collection of insect evidence and abandon our commitment to the true representativeness of death scene samples. I believe it is possible to develop guidelines that are user-friendly, quick to implement and that yield more fit-for-purpose samples, i.e., the most developmentally and successionally advanced insects only (Table1). Insects are usually collected by the law enforcement officers with basic skills in entomology, whereas guidelines for the collection of insect evidence are usually addressed to entomologists. Therefore, we should provide guidelines for non- entomologists that specify what insect evidence they should look for and where it can be found, with pictures of the evidence and related preservation protocols. Table 1. A sketch of guidelines for the collection of insect evidence on a death scene. To
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Philornis Downsi Interactions with Its Host in the Introduced Range and Its Parasitoids in Its Native Range a Thesis Submitted T
    PHILORNIS DOWNSI INTERACTIONS WITH ITS HOST IN THE INTRODUCED RANGE AND ITS PARASITOIDS IN ITS NATIVE RANGE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Ismael Esai Ramirez IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Adviser: Dr. George E. Heimpel December 2018 i © Ismael Esai Ramirez ii Acknowledgments This thesis was completed with the guidance of faculty and staff and the knowledge I have acquired from professors in the Entomology Department and classes along the progress of my degree. My gratitude goes, especially, to my advisor Dr. George E. Heimpel, for taking me as his graduate student, for believing in me, and teaching me valuable skills I need to succeed in a career in academia I am appreciative for the help and feedback I received on my thesis. I am especially grateful for the help I received from my committee members, Drs. Marlene Zuk and Ralph Holzenthal, for their invaluable support and feedback. The generosity has been tremendous. Additionally, I want to thank Dr. Rebecca A. Boulton for her insights in my thesis and her friendship, and Dr. Carl Stenoien for aiding with my chapters. I want to give recognition to the Charles Darwin Research Station staff for their support, Dr. Charlotte Causton, Ma. Piedad Lincango, Andrea Cahuana, Paola Lahuatte, and Courtney Pike. I want to thank my fellow graduate students, undergraduate students, and my lab-mates, Jonathan Dregni, Hannah Gray, Mary Marek-Spartz, James Miksanek, and Charles Lehnen for their support and friendship. To my field assistants and hosts in mainland Ecuador, Isidora Rosales and her family, Mauricio Torres and Enzo Reyes that aided me during fieldwork.
    [Show full text]
  • Green-Tree Retention and Controlled Burning in Restoration and Conservation of Beetle Diversity in Boreal Forests
    Dissertationes Forestales 21 Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Esko Hyvärinen Faculty of Forestry University of Joensuu Academic dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu, for public criticism in auditorium C2 of the University of Joensuu, Yliopistonkatu 4, Joensuu, on 9th June 2006, at 12 o’clock noon. 2 Title: Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Author: Esko Hyvärinen Dissertationes Forestales 21 Supervisors: Prof. Jari Kouki, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Docent Petri Martikainen, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Pre-examiners: Docent Jyrki Muona, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Docent Tomas Roslin, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Population Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Opponent: Prof. Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden ISSN 1795-7389 ISBN-13: 978-951-651-130-9 (PDF) ISBN-10: 951-651-130-9 (PDF) Paper copy printed: Joensuun yliopistopaino, 2006 Publishers: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Finnish Forest Research Institute Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu Editorial Office: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Unioninkatu 40A, 00170 Helsinki, Finland http://www.metla.fi/dissertationes 3 Hyvärinen, Esko 2006. Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. ABSTRACT The main aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effects of green-tree retention and controlled burning on beetles (Coleoptera) in order to provide information applicable to the restoration and conservation of beetle species diversity in boreal forests.
    [Show full text]
  • 10 Arthropods and Corpses
    Arthropods and Corpses 207 10 Arthropods and Corpses Mark Benecke, PhD CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY AND EARLY CASEWORK WOUND ARTIFACTS AND UNUSUAL FINDINGS EXEMPLARY CASES: NEGLECT OF ELDERLY PERSONS AND CHILDREN COLLECTION OF ARTHROPOD EVIDENCE DNA FORENSIC ENTOMOTOXICOLOGY FURTHER ARTIFACTS CAUSED BY ARTHROPODS REFERENCES SUMMARY The determination of the colonization interval of a corpse (“postmortem interval”) has been the major topic of forensic entomologists since the 19th century. The method is based on the link of developmental stages of arthropods, especially of blowfly larvae, to their age. The major advantage against the standard methods for the determination of the early postmortem interval (by the classical forensic pathological methods such as body temperature, post- mortem lividity and rigidity, and chemical investigations) is that arthropods can represent an accurate measure even in later stages of the postmortem in- terval when the classical forensic pathological methods fail. Apart from esti- mating the colonization interval, there are numerous other ways to use From: Forensic Pathology Reviews, Vol. 2 Edited by: M. Tsokos © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 207 208 Benecke arthropods as forensic evidence. Recently, artifacts produced by arthropods as well as the proof of neglect of elderly persons and children have become a special focus of interest. This chapter deals with the broad range of possible applications of entomology, including case examples and practical guidelines that relate to history, classical applications, DNA typing, blood-spatter arti- facts, estimation of the postmortem interval, cases of neglect, and entomotoxicology. Special reference is given to different arthropod species as an investigative and criminalistic tool. Key Words: Arthropod evidence; forensic science; blowflies; beetles; colonization interval; postmortem interval; neglect of the elderly; neglect of children; decomposition; DNA typing; entomotoxicology.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalogue of Coleoptera Specimens with Potential Forensic Interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum Collection
    ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA Vol. 25, 2016 A catalogue of Coleoptera specimens with potential forensic interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection Dimaki Maria Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos St. 14562 Kifissia, Greece Anagnou-Veroniki Maria Makariou 13, 15343 Aghia Paraskevi (Athens), Greece Tylianakis Jason Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11549 Copyright © 2017 Maria Dimaki, Maria Anagnou- Veroniki, Jason Tylianakis To cite this article: Dimaki, M., Anagnou-Veroniki, M., & Tylianakis, J. (2016). A catalogue of Coleoptera specimens with potential forensic interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection. ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 25(2), 31-38. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11549 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 27/12/2018 06:22:38 | ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 25 (2016): 31-38 Received 15 March 2016 Accepted 12 December 2016 Available online 3 February 2017 A catalogue of Coleoptera specimens with potential forensic interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection MARIA DIMAKI1’*, MARIA ANAGNOU-VERONIKI2 AND JASON TYLIANAKIS3 1Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos St. 14562 Kifissia, Greece 2Makariou 13, 15343 Aghia Paraskevi (Athens), Greece 3Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand ABSTRACT This paper presents a catalogue of the Coleoptera specimens in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection that have potential forensic interest. Forensic entomology can help to estimate the time elapsed since death by studying the necrophagous insects collected on a cadaver and its surroundings. In this paper forty eight species (369 specimens) are listed that belong to seven families: Silphidae (3 species), Staphylinidae (6 species), Histeridae (11 species), Anobiidae (4 species), Cleridae (6 species), Dermestidae (14 species), and Nitidulidae (4 species).
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera Species of Forensic Importance from Brazil: an Updated List
    G Model RBE-49; No. of Pages 11 ARTICLE IN PRESS Revista Brasileira de Entomologia xxx (2015) xxx–xxx REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE Entomologia A Journal on Insect Diversity and Evolution w ww.rbentomologia.com Systematics, Morphology and Biogeography Coleoptera species of forensic importance from Brazil: an updated list a,∗ a b Lúcia Massutti de Almeida , Rodrigo César Corrêa , Paschoal Coelho Grossi a Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil b Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: A list of the Coleoptera of importance from Brazil, based on published records was compiled. The checklist Received 21 May 2015 contains 345 species of 16 families allocated to 16 states of the country. In addition, three species of two Accepted 14 August 2015 families are registered for the first time. The fauna of Coleoptera of forensic importance is still not entirely Available online xxx known and future collection efforts and taxonomic reviews could increase the number of known species Associate Editor: Rodrigo Krüger considerably in the near future. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. This is an Keywords: Beetles open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Cleridae (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Dermestidae Forensic entomology Silphidae Introduction behaviour are needed before their importance can be fully under- stood (see Midgley et al., 2010). The diversity of Coleoptera and The development of forensic entomology in Brazil was well the lack of taxonomic studies have direct effect in how the beetles reported by Pujol-Luz et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Southampton French Quarter 1382 Specialist Report Download E9: Mineralised and Waterlogged Fly Pupae, and Other Insects and Arthropods
    Southampton French Quarter SOU1382 Specialist Report Download E9 Southampton French Quarter 1382 Specialist Report Download E9: Mineralised and waterlogged fly pupae, and other insects and arthropods By David Smith Methods In addition to samples processed specifically for the analysis of insect remains, insect and arthropod remains, particularly mineralised pupae and puparia, were also contained in the material sampled and processed for plant macrofossil analysis. These were sorted out from archaeobotanical flots and heavy residues fractions by Dr. Wendy Smith (Oxford Archaeology) and relevant insect remains were examined under a low-power binocular microscope by Dr. David Smith. The system for ‘intensive scanning’ of faunas as outlined by Kenward et al. (1985) was followed. The Coleoptera (beetles) present were identified by direct comparison to the Gorham and Girling Collections of British Coleoptera. The dipterous (fly) puparia were identified using the drawings in K.G.V. Smith (1973, 1989) and, where possible, by direct comparison to specimens identified by Peter Skidmore. Results The insect and arthropod taxa recovered are listed in Table 1. The taxonomy used for the Coleoptera (beetles) follows that of Lucht (1987). The numbers of individual insects present is estimated using the following scale: + = 1-2 individuals ++ = 2-5 individuals +++ = 5-10 individuals ++++ = 10-20 individuals +++++ = 20- 100individuals +++++++ = more than 100 individuals Discussion The insect and arthropod faunas from these samples were often preserved by mineralisation with any organic material being replaced. This did make the identification of some of the fly pupae, where some external features were missing, problematic. The exceptions to this were samples 108 (from a Post Medieval pit), 143 (from a High Medieval pit) and 146 (from an Anglo-Norman well) where the material was partially preserved by waterlogging.
    [Show full text]
  • Apple Maggot [Rhagoletis Pomonella (Walsh)]
    Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory ENT-06-87 November 2013 Apple Maggot [Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)] Diane Alston, Entomologist, and Marion Murray, IPM Project Leader Do You Know? • The fruit fly, apple maggot, primarily infests native hawthorn in Utah, but recently has been found in home garden plums. • Apple maggot is a quarantine pest; its presence can restrict export markets for commercial fruit. • Damage occurs from egg-laying punctures and the larva (maggot) developing inside the fruit. • The larva drops to the ground to spend the winter as a pupa in the soil. • Insecticides are currently the most effective con- trol method. • Sanitation, ground barriers under trees (fabric, Fig. 1. Apple maggot adult on plum fruit. Note the F-shaped mulch), and predation by chickens and other banding pattern on the wings.1 fowl can reduce infestations. pple maggot (Order Diptera, Family Tephritidae; Fig. A1) is not currently a pest of commercial orchards in Utah, but it is regulated as a quarantine insect in the state. If it becomes established in commercial fruit production areas, its presence can inflict substantial economic harm through loss of export markets. Infesta- tions cause fruit damage, may increase insecticide use, and can result in subsequent disruption of integrated pest management programs. Fig. 2. Apple maggot larva in a plum fruit. Note the tapered head and dark mouth hooks. This fruit fly is primarily a pest of apples in northeastern home gardens in Salt Lake County. Cultivated fruit is and north central North America, where it historically more likely to be infested if native hawthorn stands are fed on fruit of wild hawthorn.
    [Show full text]
  • Local and Landscape Effects on Carrion-Associated Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Communities in German Forests
    insects Article Local and Landscape Effects on Carrion-Associated Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Communities in German Forests Sandra Weithmann 1,* , Jonas Kuppler 1 , Gregor Degasperi 2, Sandra Steiger 3 , Manfred Ayasse 1 and Christian von Hoermann 4 1 Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 Richard-Wagnerstraße 9, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] 3 Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] 4 Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481 Grafenau, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 October 2020; Accepted: 21 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Simple Summary: Increasing forest management practices by humans are threatening inherent insect biodiversity and thus important ecosystem services provided by them. One insect group which reacts sensitively to habitat changes are the rove beetles contributing to the maintenance of an undisturbed insect succession during decomposition by mainly hunting fly maggots. However, little is known about carrion-associated rove beetles due to poor taxonomic knowledge. In our study, we unveiled the human-induced and environmental drivers that modify rove beetle communities on vertebrate cadavers. At German forest sites selected by a gradient of management intensity, we contributed to the understanding of the rove beetle-mediated decomposition process. One main result is that an increasing human impact in forests changes rove beetle communities by promoting generalist and more open-habitat species coping with low structural heterogeneity, whereas species like Philonthus decorus get lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Calyptratae
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile DOMÍNGUEZ, M. CECILIA; ROIG-JUÑENT, SERGIO A. Historical biogeographic analysis of the family Fanniidae (Diptera: Calyptratae), with special reference to the austral species of the genus Fannia (Diptera: Fanniidae) using dispersal-vicariance analysis Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 84, núm. 1, 2011, pp. 65-82 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944297005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF FANNIIDAE (DIPTERA) 65 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 84: 65-82, 2011 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile RESEARCH ARTICLE Historical biogeographic analysis of the family Fanniidae (Diptera: Calyptratae), with special reference to the austral species of the genus Fannia (Diptera: Fanniidae) using dispersal-vicariance analysis Análisis biogeográfico histórico de la familia Fanniidae (Diptera: Calyptratae), con referencia especial a las especies australes del genero Fannia (Diptera: Fanniidae) usando análisis de dipersion-vicarianza M. CECILIA DOMÍNGUEZ* & SERGIO A. ROIG-JUÑENT Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), Centro Científico Tecnologico (CCT-CONICET, Mendoza), Av. Adrián Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina, CC: 507, CP: 5500 *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to achieve a hypothesis explaining the biogeographical history of the family Fanniidae, especially that of the species from Patagonia, the Neotropics, Australia, and New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Myiasis During Adventure Sports Race
    DISPATCHES reexamined 1 day later and was found to be largely healed; Myiasis during the forming scar remained somewhat tender and itchy for 2 months. The maggot was sent to the Finnish Museum of Adventure Natural History, Helsinki, Finland, and identified as a third-stage larva of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Sports Race the New World screwworm fly. In addition to the New World screwworm fly, an important Old World species, Mikko Seppänen,* Anni Virolainen-Julkunen,*† Chrysoimya bezziana, is also found in tropical Africa and Iiro Kakko,‡ Pekka Vilkamaa,§ and Seppo Meri*† Asia. Travelers who have visited tropical areas may exhibit aggressive forms of obligatory myiases, in which the larvae Conclusions (maggots) invasively feed on living tissue. The risk of a Myiasis is the infestation of live humans and vertebrate traveler’s acquiring a screwworm infestation has been con- animals by fly larvae. These feed on a host’s dead or living sidered negligible, but with the increasing popularity of tissue and body fluids or on ingested food. In accidental or adventure sports and wildlife travel, this risk may need to facultative wound myiasis, the larvae feed on decaying tis- be reassessed. sue and do not generally invade the surrounding healthy tissue (1). Sterile facultative Lucilia larvae have even been used for wound debridement as “maggot therapy.” Myiasis Case Report is often perceived as harmless if no secondary infections In November 2001, a 41-year-old Finnish man, who are contracted. However, the obligatory myiases caused by was participating in an international adventure sports race more invasive species, like screwworms, may be fatal (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Serie B 1995 Vo!. 42 No. 2 Norwegian Journal of Entomology
    Serie B 1995 Vo!. 42 No. 2 Norwegian Journal of Entomology Publ ished by Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research Trondheim Fauna norvegica Ser. B Organ for Norsk Entomologisk Forening Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. also welcome. Appropriate topics include general and 1Jtkommer med to hefter pr. ar. applied (e.g. conservation) ecology, morphology, Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redakt0r) behaviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica are Dr. John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The reviewed by at least two referees. Museum, N-7004 Trondheiln. Editorial committee (Redaksjonskomite) FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new information generally relevant to Norwegian entomol­ Arne C. Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms0 ogy. The journal emphasizes papers which are mainly Museum, N-9006 Troms0, Ole A. Scether, Museum of faunal or zoogeographical in scope or content, includ­ Zoology, Musepl. 3, N-5007 Bergen. Reidar Mehl, ing check lists, faunal lists, type catalogues, regional National Institute of Public Health, Geitmyrsveien 75, keys, and fundalnental papers having a conservation N-0462 Oslo. aspect. Subnlissions must not have been previously Abonnement 1996 published or copyrighted and must not be published Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) subsequently except in abstract form or by written con­ far tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemlner av Norsk sent of the Managing Editor. Ornitologisk Forening (NOF) mottar tidsskriftet ved a Subscription 1996 betale kr. 90. Andre ma betale kr. 120. Disse innbeta­ Members of the Norw. Ent. Soc. (NEF) will receive the lingene sendes Stiftelsen for naturforskning og kuItur­ journal free. The membership fee of NOK 150 should be minneforskning (NINA-NIKU), Tungasletta 2, N-7005 paid to the treasurer of NEF, Preben Ottesen, Gustav Trondheim.
    [Show full text]