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Technical History of the Environmental Control System for Project Mercury
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19670029737 2020-03-24T01:19:15+00:00Z NASA TECHNICAL NOTE -NASA L_-TN D-4126 cp. \ LO KI TECHNICAL HISTORY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PROJECT MERCURY by Frank H, Samonski, Jr. Manned Spacecrafi Center Hozcston, Texas NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. OCTOBER 1967 ?" TECH LIBRARY KAFB, "I I llllll lllll1llll lllll Hlll IYH lllll Ill1 Ill 0330793 NASA TN D-4126 TECHNICAL HISTORY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PROJECT MERCURY By Frank H. Samonski, Jr. Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ~~ For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - CFSTl price $3.00 I ABSTRACT This report presents a technical history of the environmental control system for Project Mercury. Significant system changes and flight experience with the environmental control system are described. Attention is also given to the structure of test pro- grams employed to satisfy the mission objectives. ii CONTENTS Section Page SUMMARY .................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ............ 2 Pressure-Suit Subsystem .......................... 2 Cabin Subsystem ............................... 5 SYSTEM CHANGES ............................... 7 Oxygen-Supply Filler Valve ......................... 7 Pressure- Switch Deletion .......................... 7 Oxygen Flow Sensor ............................ -
Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Occupant Safety
Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Occupant Safety Version 1.0 August 27, 2014 Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation 800 Independence Avenue, Room 331 7 3 Washington, DC 20591 0 0 - 4 1 C T Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page ii Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 Record of Revisions Version Description Date 1.0 Baseline version of document August 27, 2014 Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page iii Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page iv Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1 3.0 Development Process ....................................................................................................... 2 4.0 Level of Risk and Level of Care ...................................................................................... 2 4.1 Level of Risk ................................................................................................................ 2 4.2 Level of Care ................................................................................................................ 3 5.0 Structure and Nature of the -
Space Rescue Ensuring the Safety of Manned Space¯Ight David J
Space Rescue Ensuring the Safety of Manned Space¯ight David J. Shayler Space Rescue Ensuring the Safety of Manned Spaceflight Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK David J. Shayler Astronautical Historian Astro Info Service Halesowen West Midlands UK Front cover illustrations: (Main image) Early artist's impression of the land recovery of the Crew Exploration Vehicle. (Inset) Artist's impression of a launch abort test for the CEV under the Constellation Program. Back cover illustrations: (Left) Airborne drop test of a Crew Rescue Vehicle proposed for ISS. (Center) Water egress training for Shuttle astronauts. (Right) Beach abort test of a Launch Escape System. SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 978-0-387-69905-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934752 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Project Mercury Fact Sheet
NASA Facts National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001 April 1996 FS-1996-04-29-LaRC ___________________________________________________________________________ Langley’s Role in Project Mercury Project Mercury Thirty-five years ago on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard was propelled into space aboard the Mercury capsule Freedom 7. His 15-minute suborbital flight was part of Project Mercury, the United States’ first man-in-space program. The objectives of the Mer- cury program, eight unmanned flights and six manned flights from 1961 to 1963, were quite specific: To orbit a manned spacecraft around the Earth, investigate man’s ability to function in space, and to recover both man and spacecraft safely. Project Mercury included the first Earth orbital flight made by an American, John Glenn in February 1962. The five-year program was a modest first step. Shepard’s flight had been overshadowed by Russian Yuri Gagarin’s orbital mission just three weeks earlier. President Kennedy and the Congress were NASA Langley Research Center photo #59-8027 concerned that America catch up with the Soviets. Langley researchers conduct an impact study test of the Seizing the moment created by Shepard’s success, on Mercury capsule in the Back River in Hampton, Va. May 25, 1961, the President made his stirring chal- lenge to the nation –– that the United States commit Langley Research Center, established in 1917 itself to landing a man on the moon and returning as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics him to Earth before the end of the decade. Apollo (NACA) Langley Memorial Aeronautical Labora- was to be a massive undertaking –– the nation’s tory, was the first U.S. -
THE MAX LAUNCH ABORT SYSTEM – CONCEPT, FLIGHT TEST, and EVOLUTION Michael G
THE MAX LAUNCH ABORT SYSTEM – CONCEPT, FLIGHT TEST, AND EVOLUTION Michael G. Gilbert(1), PhD (1) Principal Engineer, NASA Engineering and Safety Center 11 Langley Blvd., MS 116,Hampton VA 23681 USA Email:[email protected] Abstract escape system Maxime Faget [1]. The effort was intended to provide The NASA Engineering and Safety Center programmatic risk-reduction for the (NESC) is an independent engineering Constellation Program (CxP) Orion Crew analysis and test organization providing Exploration Vehicle (CEV) project. support across the range of NASA programs. In 2007 NASA was developing The CEV project baseline Launch Abort the launch escape system for the Orion System (LAS) development is an evolution spacecraft that was evolved from the of the Apollo towered-rocket design, Fig. traditional tower-configuration escape 2. Unlike the Apollo LAS, the CEV LAS systems used for the historic Mercury and incorporated an attitude control motor to Apollo spacecraft. The NESC was tasked, ensure stable flight following the escape as a programmatic risk-reduction effort to motor burn. At the time the MLAS project develop and flight test an alternative to the was initiated, the CEV LAS was Orion baseline escape system concept. experiencing development delays related This project became known as the Max to the LAS attitude control motor. Launch Abort System (MLAS), named in Therefore, the MLAS project was to honor of Maxime Faget, the developer of consider escape system concepts that the original Mercury escape system. Over would not require active attitude control or the course of approximately two years the stabilization following escape motor NESC performed conceptual and tradeoff burnout. -
Hampton History Museum Hosts Event at Air Power Park
Media Release FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE July 3, 2019 Contact: Elizabeth Severs, 757/728-5326 [email protected] Seamus McGrann, 757/727-6841 [email protected] Hampton History Museum Hosts Event at Air Power Park Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo Moon Landing on July 20, 2019 with Activities from NASA Langley Research Center That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed. Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand. -Neil Armstrong, July 20, 1969 Hampton, VA - Join the Hampton History Museum at Air Power Park on Saturday, July 20 from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. for a day of family fun, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Apollo Moon Landing. Explore Hampton’s contributions to space flight and the first steps on the Moon. Be there for the ribbon cutting of the restored “Little Joe” rocket. The event is free and open to the public. Be among the first to see the fully restored “Little Joe” rocket that played a key role in testing systems for the Moon mission. This unlaunched rocket is the only remaining example of the type used in eight launches, between 1959 and 1960, from Wallops Island, Virginia to test the escape systems and heat shield for Project Mercury capsules. -More- Hampton History Museum Hosts Event at Air Power Park Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo Moon Landing on July 20, 2019 with Activities from NASA Langley Research Center – page 2 Restoration of this iconic spacecraft and the smaller “Corporal” rocket, are among the first improvements to the park. -
A Launch Pad Escape System for Human Spaceflight Is One of Those Things That Everyone Hopes They Will Never Need but Is Critical for Every Manned Space Program
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110012275 2019-08-30T15:55:02+00:00Z Launch Pad Escape System Design (Human Spaceflight): -Kelli Maloney A launch pad escape system for human spaceflight is one of those things that everyone hopes they will never need but is critical for every manned space program. Since men were first put into space in the early 1960s, the need for such an Emergency Escape System (EES) has become apparent. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has made use of various types ofthese EESs over the past 50 years. Early programs, like Mercury and Gemini, did not have an official launch pad escape system. Rather, they relied on a Launch Escape System (LES) of a separate solid rocket motor attached to the manned capsule that could pull the astronauts to safety in the event of an emergency. This could only occur after hatch closure at the launch pad or during the first stage of flight. A version of a LES, now called a Launch Abort System (LAS) is still used today for all manned capsule type launch vehicles. However, this system is very limited in that it can only be used after hatch closure and it is for flight crew only. In addition, the forces necessary for the LES/LAS to get the capsule away from a rocket during the first stage of flight are quite high and can cause injury to the crew. These shortcomings led to the development of a ground based EES for the flight crew and ground support personnel as well. -
Preliminary Study for Manned Spacecraft with Escape System and H-IIB Rocket
Trans. JSASS Space Tech. Japan Vol. 7, No. ists26, pp. Tg_35-Tg_44, 2009 Preliminary Study for Manned Spacecraft with Escape System and H-IIB Rocket By Takane IMADA, Michio ITO, Shinichi TAKATA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ,Tsukuba, Japan (Received April 30th, 2008) HTV (H-II Transfer Vehicle) is the first Japanese un-manned service vehicle that will transport several pieces of equipments to ISS (International Space Station) and support human activities on orbit. HTV will be launched by the first H-IIB rocket in September 2009 and JAXA will have the capability to access LEO (Low Earth Orbit) bases with enough volume/weight as the human transport system. This paper is the preliminary study for developing a manned spacecraft from the HTV design and includes clarification of necessary development items. In addition, missing parts in the current HTV design are identified with some analysis, such as LES (Launch Escape System), which is mandatory for all human transport systems. Keyword: Manned Transportation, H-II, HTV, Escape System 1. Introduction JAXA announced its long-term vision for the next 20 years This paper uses several data from HTV as an un-manned as "JAXA Vision toward 2025" in April 2005 1) . JAXA but smart transportation vehicle, and launch capability data declared to keep establishing space transportation systems from the H-IIB rocket to estimate as reasonably and with the greatest reliability and competitiveness in the world. realistically as possible. Figure 1 shows an artistic image of Japanese manned spacecraft will be one of the goals of these the launch. This image used a 3-D model that was built reliable transportation systems. -
May – June 2005
NOVAAR Free Press May – June 2005 TTAARRCC 22000055 Inside this Issue Calendar................................................ 2 FlisKits Announced as the Officially Editor’s Ramblings Endorsed Maker of MicroMaxx A call for Articles and Rockets.............................................. 7 a Little Help....................................... 3 MicroMaxx Rockets Alive and Well on Competition Rocketry the “MicroMax” Yahoo Group ......... 8 NARAM 47 .......................................... 3 TARC 2005 A Correction to “Building the Super A Rainy Friday Set-up results in Behemoth .......................................... 8 Fantastic Saturday Event ...................... 4 General Rocketry Sport Rocketry ”Reality TV Rocketry” Vertical Force Rocketry Releases on the SciFi Channel......................... 9 First Model Rocket Kit......................... 7 Project Mercury Road Trip ............. 10 Section 205 Page 1 of 14 January – February 2005 NOVAAR Free Press Ù NOVAAR Free Press Ú Calendar May - June 2005 This is the official newsletter of the Northern Virginia Association of Rocketry (NOVAAR), Section 205 of the National August 2005 Association of Rocketry (NAR). This newsletter is a benefit of SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT being a member – You are a member, aren’t you? 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ù Section Officers Ú NOVAAR President:..................... John Hochheimer Meeting U.S. Coast Guard Established [email protected] 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Secretary:..................... Trip Barber [email protected] Treasurer:.................... Keith Wancowicz [email protected] 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 NOVAAR NOVAAR Senior Advisor:............ Ken Brown Meeting Launch [email protected] 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Ù Membership and Dues Ú Launch To maintain the clubs launch equipment, pay for our website, Backup and produce this newsletter we collect dues. -
Spacex Mile-High Escape Test Will Feature 'Buster' the Dummy 1 May 2015, Bymarcia Dunn
SpaceX mile-high escape test will feature 'Buster' the dummy 1 May 2015, byMarcia Dunn out over the Atlantic, then parachutes down. SpaceX is working to get astronauts launched from Cape Canaveral again, as is Boeing. NASA hired the two companies to ferry astronauts to the International Space Station to reduce its reliance on Russian rockets. "It's our first big test on the crew Dragon," SpaceX's Hans Koenigsmann, vice president for mission assurance, told reporters Friday. The California-based SpaceX is aiming for a manned flight as early as 2017. It's already hauling groceries and other supplies to the space station via Dragon capsules; souped-up crew Dragons will be big enough to carry four or five—and possibly as many as seven—astronauts. NASA is insisting on a reliable launch abort system for crews—something its space shuttles lacked—in case of an emergency. That's one of the hard lessons learned from the now retired, 30-year shuttle program, said Jon Cowart, a manager in In this May 29, 2014 file photo, The SpaceX Dragon V2 NASA's commercial crew program. spaceship is unveiled at its headquarters in Hawthorne, Calif. SpaceX is just days away from shooting up a crew The 1986 Challenger accident occurred during capsule to test a launch escape system designed to save astronauts' lives. Buster, the dummy, is already liftoff, the 2003 Columbia disaster during re-entry. strapped in for Wednesday, May 6, 2015, nearly mile- There was no way to escape, and each time, seven high ride from Cape Canaveral, Florida. -
American Rockets American Spacecraft American Soil
, American Rockets American Spacecraft American Soil Table of Contents What is Commercial Crew? 3 National Investment 4 Commercial Crew Program Timeline 4 NASA Biographies 7 Astronaut Training 14 Current Missions 15 Crew-2 15 OFT-2 16 Upcoming Missions 17 SpaceX Operations 18 Crew Dragon 18 Falcon 9 23 SpaceX Spacesuit 26 Launch Complex 39A 28 Ascent 29 Retrieving Crew Dragon 31 SpaceX Biographies 33 Boeing Operations 35 CST-100 Starliner 35 Atlas V 39 Boeing Spacesuit 41 Space Launch Complex 41 43 Ascent 45 Retrieving Starliner 48 Boeing Biographies 50 Safety and Innovation 52 Media Contacts 56 Multimedia 57 STEM Engagement 57 Working side-by-side with our two partners: What is Commercial Crew? NASA’s Commercial Crew Program is delivering on its goal of safe, reliable, and cost-effective human transportation to and from the International Space Station from the United States through a partnership with American private industry. A new generation of spacecraft and launch systems capable of carrying astronauts to low-Earth orbit and the International Space Station provides expanded utility, additional research time, and broader opportunities for discovery on the orbiting laboratory. The station is a critical testbed for NASA to understand and overcome the challenges of long- duration spaceflight. As commercial companies focus on providing human transportation services to and from low-Earth orbit, NASA is freed up to focus on building spacecraft and rockets for deep space missions. With the ability to purchase astronaut transportation from Boeing and SpaceX as a service on a fixed-price contract, NASA can use resources to put the first woman and the first person of color on the Moon as a part of our Artemis missions in preparation for human missions to Mars. -
Apollo Experience Report Abort Planning
APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT - ABORT PLANNING by Charles T. Hyle? Charles E. Foggatt? and Bobbie D, Weber 4 Mdnned Spacecra, Center , Houston, Texas 77058 ce NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. JUNE 1972 TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM - 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA "I D-6847 5. Remrr natP June 1972 APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT 6. Performing Organization Code ABORT PLANNING . -. 8. Performing Organization Report NO. Charles T. Hyle, Charles E. Foggatt, and MSC S-307 - Bobbie D. Weber. MSC 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 924-22-20-00-72 .-- .. -.. - Manned Spacecraft Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Houston, Texas 77058 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 2. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical Note ~__-- __ National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20546 5. Supplementary Notes The MSC Director waived the use of the International System of Units (SI) for this Apollo Experience Report, because, in his judgment, the use of SI units would impair the usefulness of the report or result in excessive cost. -~. 6. Abstract Definition of a practical return-to-earth abort capability was required for each phase of an Apollo mission. A description of the basic development of the complex Apollo abort plan is presented in this paper, The process by which the return-to-earth abort plan was developed and the constrain ing factors that must be included in any abort procedure are also discussed. Special emphasis is given to the description of crew warning and escape methods for each mission phase.