Regional and Global Benthic 18O Stacks for the Last Glacial Cycle
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The Last Maximum Ice Extent and Subsequent Deglaciation of the Pyrenees: an Overview of Recent Research
Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2015 Nº 41 (2) pp. 359-387 ISSN 0211-6820 DOI: 10.18172/cig.2708 © Universidad de La Rioja THE LAST MAXIMUM ICE EXTENT AND SUBSEQUENT DEGLACIATION OF THE PYRENEES: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH M. DELMAS Université de Perpignan-Via Domitia, UMR 7194 CNRS, Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique, 52 avenue Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France. ABSTRACT. This paper reviews data currently available on the glacial fluctuations that occurred in the Pyrenees between the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) and the beginning of the Holocene. It puts the studies published since the end of the 19th century in a historical perspective and focuses on how the methods of investigation used by successive generations of authors led them to paleogeographic and chronologic conclusions that for a time were antagonistic and later became complementary. The inventory and mapping of the ice-marginal deposits has allowed several glacial stades to be identified, and the successive ice boundaries to be outlined. Meanwhile, the weathering grade of moraines and glaciofluvial deposits has allowed Würmian glacial deposits to be distinguished from pre-Würmian ones, and has thus allowed the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) –i.e. the starting point of the last deglaciation– to be clearly located. During the 1980s, 14C dating of glaciolacustrine sequences began to indirectly document the timing of the glacial stades responsible for the adjacent frontal or lateral moraines. Over the last decade, in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 36Cl) have been documenting the deglaciation process more directly because the data are obtained from glacial landforms or deposits such as boulders embedded in frontal or lateral moraines, or ice- polished rock surfaces. -
Sea Level and Global Ice Volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene
Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene Kurt Lambecka,b,1, Hélène Roubya,b, Anthony Purcella, Yiying Sunc, and Malcolm Sambridgea aResearch School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; bLaboratoire de Géologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, UMR 8538 du CNRS, 75231 Paris, France; and cDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2009. Contributed by Kurt Lambeck, September 12, 2014 (sent for review July 1, 2014; reviewed by Edouard Bard, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Peter U. Clark) The major cause of sea-level change during ice ages is the exchange for the Holocene for which the direct measures of past sea level are of water between ice and ocean and the planet’s dynamic response relatively abundant, for example, exhibit differences both in phase to the changing surface load. Inversion of ∼1,000 observations for and in noise characteristics between the two data [compare, for the past 35,000 y from localities far from former ice margins has example, the Holocene parts of oxygen isotope records from the provided new constraints on the fluctuation of ice volume in this Pacific (9) and from two Red Sea cores (10)]. interval. Key results are: (i) a rapid final fall in global sea level of Past sea level is measured with respect to its present position ∼40 m in <2,000 y at the onset of the glacial maximum ∼30,000 y and contains information on both land movement and changes in before present (30 ka BP); (ii) a slow fall to −134 m from 29 to 21 ka ocean volume. -
Dipole Patterns in Tropical Precipitation Were Pervasive Across Landmasses Throughout Marine Isotope Stage 5 ✉ Katrina Nilsson-Kerr 1,5 , Pallavi Anand 1, Philip B
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00133-7 OPEN Dipole patterns in tropical precipitation were pervasive across landmasses throughout Marine Isotope Stage 5 ✉ Katrina Nilsson-Kerr 1,5 , Pallavi Anand 1, Philip B. Holden1, Steven C. Clemens2 & Melanie J. Leng3,4 Most of Earth’s rain falls in the tropics, often in highly seasonal monsoon rains, which are thought to be coupled to the inter-hemispheric migrations of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone in response to the seasonal cycle of insolation. Yet characterization of tropical rainfall behaviour in the geologic past is poor. Here we combine new and existing hydroclimate records from six large-scale tropical regions with fully independent model-based rainfall 1234567890():,; reconstructions across the last interval of sustained warmth and ensuing climate cooling between 130 to 70 thousand years ago (Marine Isotope Stage 5). Our data-model approach reveals large-scale heterogeneous rainfall patterns in response to changes in climate. We note pervasive dipole-like tropical precipitation patterns, as well as different loci of pre- cipitation throughout Marine Isotope Stage 5 than recorded in the Holocene. These rainfall patterns cannot be solely attributed to meridional shifts in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. 1 Faculty of STEM, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. 2 Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 3 National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, -
The Easternmost Occurrence of Mammut Pacificus (Proboscidea: Mammutidae), Based on a Partial Skull from Eastern Montana, USA
The easternmost occurrence of Mammut pacificus (Proboscidea: Mammutidae), based on a partial skull from eastern Montana, USA Andrew T. McDonald1, Amy L. Atwater2, Alton C. Dooley Jr1 and Charlotte J.H. Hohman2,3 1 Western Science Center, Hemet, CA, United States of America 2 Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America 3 Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America ABSTRACT Mammut pacificus is a recently described species of mastodon from the Pleistocene of California and Idaho. We report the easternmost occurrence of this taxon based upon the palate with right and left M3 of an adult male from the Irvingtonian of eastern Montana. The undamaged right M3 exhibits the extreme narrowness that characterizes M. pacificus rather than M. americanum. The Montana specimen dates to an interglacial interval between pre-Illinoian and Illinoian glaciation, perhaps indicating that M. pacificus was extirpated in the region due to habitat shifts associated with glacial encroachment. Subjects Biogeography, Evolutionary Studies, Paleontology, Zoology Keywords Mammut pacificus, Mammutidae, Montana, Irvingtonian, Pleistocene INTRODUCTION Submitted 7 May 2020 The recent recognition of the Pacific mastodon (Mammut pacificus (Dooley Jr et al., 2019)) Accepted 3 September 2020 as a new species distinct from and contemporaneous with the American mastodon Published 16 November 2020 (M. americanum) revealed an unrealized complexity in North American mammutid Corresponding author evolution during the Pleistocene. Dooley Jr et al. (2019) distinguished M. pacificus from Andrew T. McDonald, [email protected] M. americanum by a suite of dental and skeletal features: (1) upper third molars (M3) Academic editor and lower third molars (m3) much narrower relative to length in M. -
Middle Paleolithic Occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 Lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia
Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (2011) 1555e1559 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Rapid Communication Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia Michael D. Petraglia a,*, Abdullah M. Alsharekh b, Rémy Crassard c, Nick A. Drake d, Huw Groucutt a, Adrian G. Parker e, Richard G. Roberts f a School of Archaeology, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2HU, UK b Department of Archaeology, College of Tourism & Archaeology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia c CNRS, UMR5133, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France d Department of Geography, King’s College, London, UK e Department of Anthropology and Geography, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK f Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia article info abstract Article history: Major hydrological variations associated with glacial and interglacial climates in North Africa and the Received 18 December 2010 Levant have been related to Middle Paleolithic occupations and dispersals, but suitable archaeological Received in revised form sites to explore such relationships are rare on the Arabian Peninsula. Here we report the discovery of 29 March 2011 Middle Paleolithic assemblages in the Nefud Desert of northern Arabia associated with stratified deposits Accepted 8 April 2011 dated to 75,000 years ago. The site is located in close proximity to a substantial relict lake and indicates Available online 12 May 2011 that Middle Paleolithic hominins penetrated deeply into the Arabian Peninsula to inhabit landscapes vegetated by grasses and some trees. -
Middle Paleolithic Occupation on a Marine
Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia Michael Petraglia, Abdullah Alsharekh, Rémy Crassard, Nick Drake, Huw Groucutt, Adrian Parker, Richard Roberts To cite this version: Michael Petraglia, Abdullah Alsharekh, Rémy Crassard, Nick Drake, Huw Groucutt, et al.. Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. Qua- ternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2011, 30 (13-14), pp.1555 - 1559. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.006. hal-01828529 HAL Id: hal-01828529 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01828529 Submitted on 4 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (2011) 1555e1559 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Rapid Communication Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia Michael D. Petraglia a,*, Abdullah M. Alsharekh b, Rémy Crassard c, Nick A. Drake d, Huw -
A New Greenland Ice Core Chronology for the Last Glacial Termination ———————————————————————— S
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. ???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/2005JD006079, A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination ———————————————————————— S. O. Rasmussen1, K. K. Andersen1, A. M. Svensson1, J. P. Steffensen1, B. M. Vinther1, H. B. Clausen1, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen1,2, S. J. Johnsen1, L. B. Larsen1, D. Dahl-Jensen1, M. Bigler1,3, R. R¨othlisberger3,4, H. Fischer2, K. Goto-Azuma5, M. E. Hansson6, and U. Ruth2 Abstract. We present a new common stratigraphic time scale for the NGRIP and GRIP ice cores. The time scale covers the period 7.9–14.8 ka before present, and includes the Bølling, Allerød, Younger Dryas, and Early Holocene periods. We use a combination of new and previously published data, the most prominent being new high resolution Con- tinuous Flow Analysis (CFA) impurity records from the NGRIP ice core. Several inves- tigators have identified and counted annual layers using a multi-parameter approach, and the maximum counting error is estimated to be up to 2% in the Holocene part and about 3% for the older parts. These counting error estimates reflect the number of annual lay- ers that were hard to interpret, but not a possible bias in the set of rules used for an- nual layer identification. As the GRIP and NGRIP ice cores are not optimal for annual layer counting in the middle and late Holocene, the time scale is tied to a prominent vol- canic event inside the 8.2 ka cold event, recently dated in the DYE-3 ice core to 8236 years before A.D. -
Late Quaternary Changes in Climate
SE9900016 Tecnmcai neport TR-98-13 Late Quaternary changes in climate Karin Holmgren and Wibjorn Karien Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University December 1998 Svensk Kambranslehantering AB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co Box 5864 SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00 Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19 30- 07 Late Quaternary changes in climate Karin Holmgren and Wibjorn Karlen Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University December 1998 Keywords: Pleistocene, Holocene, climate change, glaciation, inter-glacial, rapid fluctuations, synchrony, forcing factor, feed-back. This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports fromi 977-1978 {TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. Abstract This review concerns the Quaternary climate (last two million years) with an emphasis on the last 200 000 years. The present state of art in this field is described and evaluated. The review builds on a thorough examination of classic and recent literature (up to October 1998) comprising more than 200 scientific papers. -
150,000-Year Palaeoclimate Record from Northern Ethiopia Supports
OPEN 150,000-year palaeoclimate record from northern Ethiopia supports early, multiple dispersals of modern Received: 17 October 2017 Accepted: 2 January 2018 humans from Africa Published: xx xx xxxx Henry F. Lamb 1, C. Richard Bates2, Charlotte L. Bryant3, Sarah J. Davies1, Dei G. Huws4, Michael H. Marshall1,5 & Helen M. Roberts 1 Climatic change is widely acknowledged to have played a role in the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, but the timing is contentious. Genetic evidence links dispersal to climatic change ~60,000 years ago, despite increasing evidence for earlier modern human presence in Asia. We report a deep seismic and near-continuous core record of the last 150,000 years from Lake Tana, Ethiopia, close to early modern human fossil sites and to postulated dispersal routes. The record shows varied climate towards the end of the penultimate glacial, followed by an abrupt change to relatively stable moist climate during the last interglacial. These conditions could have favoured selection for behavioural versatility, population growth and range expansion, supporting models of early, multiple dispersals of modern humans from Africa. Understanding the role of climatic change in the emergence of Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans, AMH) in eastern Africa and their subsequent expansion into Asia requires continuous, well-dated terrestrial records for the relevant time range, currently lacking from the region. Palaeontological1–3 and genetic4,5 data indicate that AMH emerged around 200–300,000 years ago (ka), but there is much debate about the timing of their dispersal out of Africa6,7. Early dispersals during Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5; 130–90 ka) may be inferred from 90–120 kyr fossils in the Levant8,9, 80–120 kyr human teeth from Fuyan Cave, China10, 73–63 kyr teeth from Sumatra11, a 63 kyr cranium from Tam Pa Ling, Laos12, from neurocranial shape diversity13, and from stone artefacts at Jebel Faya, U.A.E., dated to 95–127 ka14. -
Behavior of the James Lobe, South Dakota During Termination I
Behavior of the James Lobe, South Dakota during Termination I A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Geology of the McMicken College of Arts and Sciences by Stephanie L. Heath MSc., University of Maine BSc., University of Maine July 18, 2019 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Thomas V. Lowell Dr. Aaron Diefendorf Dr. Aaron Putnam Dr. Dylan Ward i ABSTRACT The Laurentide Ice Sheet was the largest ice sheet of the last glacial period that terminated in an extensive terrestrial margin. This dissertation aims to assess the possible linkages between the behavior of the southern Laurentide margin and sea surface temperature in the adjacent North Atlantic Ocean. Toward this end, a new chronology for the westernmost lobe of the Southern Laurentide is developed and compared to the existing paradigm of southern Laurentide behavior during the last glacial period. Heath et al., (2018) address the question of whether the terrestrial lobes of the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet margin advanced during periods of decreased sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic. This study establishes the pattern of asynchronous behavior between eastern and western sectors of the southern Laurentide margin and identifies a chronologic gap in the western sector. This is the first comprehensive review of the southern Laurentide margin since Denton and Hughes (1981) and Mickelson and Colgan (2003). The results of Heath et al., (2018) also revealed the lack of chronologic data from the Lobe, South Dakota, the westernmost lobe of the southern Laurentide margin. -
A Glacier Runs Through It: Effects of Late Wisconsinan Glaciation on Stream Drainage Near the Terminal Moraine Boundary in North Central Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Master of Environmental Studies Capstone Department of Earth and Environmental Projects Science May 2008 A Glacier Runs Through It: Effects of Late Wisconsinan Glaciation on Stream Drainage Near the Terminal Moraine Boundary in North Central Pennsylvania Krista Heinlen University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/mes_capstones Heinlen, Krista, "A Glacier Runs Through It: Effects of Late Wisconsinan Glaciation on Stream Drainage Near the Terminal Moraine Boundary in North Central Pennsylvania" (2008). Master of Environmental Studies Capstone Projects. 21. https://repository.upenn.edu/mes_capstones/21 Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Environmental Studies 2007. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/mes_capstones/21 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Glacier Runs Through It: Effects of Late Wisconsinan Glaciation on Stream Drainage Near the Terminal Moraine Boundary in North Central Pennsylvania Abstract Stream morphology in north central Pennsylvania has been influenced yb the passage of multiple glaciers during the Quaternary period, and most recently by the Late Wisconsinan ice sheet which began to recede just 10,000 years ago. While glaciers can take a heavy erosive toll on the landscape, the Late Wisconsinan and previous glaciers stopped when they reached Pennsylvania, and as such were not as thick and did not cover the ground as long as in regions to the north. This paper examines current morphology in an area along the north central part of the state that contains both glaciated and non-glaciated regions. -
150,000-Year Palaeoclimate Record
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN 150,000-year palaeoclimate record from northern Ethiopia supports early, multiple dispersals of modern Received: 17 October 2017 Accepted: 2 January 2018 humans from Africa Published: xx xx xxxx Henry F. Lamb 1, C. Richard Bates2, Charlotte L. Bryant3, Sarah J. Davies1, Dei G. Huws4, Michael H. Marshall1,5 & Helen M. Roberts 1 Climatic change is widely acknowledged to have played a role in the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, but the timing is contentious. Genetic evidence links dispersal to climatic change ~60,000 years ago, despite increasing evidence for earlier modern human presence in Asia. We report a deep seismic and near-continuous core record of the last 150,000 years from Lake Tana, Ethiopia, close to early modern human fossil sites and to postulated dispersal routes. The record shows varied climate towards the end of the penultimate glacial, followed by an abrupt change to relatively stable moist climate during the last interglacial. These conditions could have favoured selection for behavioural versatility, population growth and range expansion, supporting models of early, multiple dispersals of modern humans from Africa. Understanding the role of climatic change in the emergence of Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans, AMH) in eastern Africa and their subsequent expansion into Asia requires continuous, well-dated terrestrial records for the relevant time range, currently lacking from the region. Palaeontological1–3 and genetic4,5 data indicate that AMH emerged around 200–300,000 years ago (ka), but there is much debate about the timing of their dispersal out of Africa6,7. Early dispersals during Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5; 130–90 ka) may be inferred from 90–120 kyr fossils in the Levant8,9, 80–120 kyr human teeth from Fuyan Cave, China10, 73–63 kyr teeth from Sumatra11, a 63 kyr cranium from Tam Pa Ling, Laos12, from neurocranial shape diversity13, and from stone artefacts at Jebel Faya, U.A.E., dated to 95–127 ka14.