Leicester War Memorials
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A Brief History of War Memorial Design
A BRIEF HISTORY OF WAR MEMORIAL DESIGN War Memorials in Manitoba: An Artistic Legacy A BRIEF HISTORY OF WAR MEMORIAL DESIGN war memorial may take many forms, though for most people the first thing that comes to mind is probably a freestanding monument, whether more sculptural (such as a human figure) or architectural (such as an arch or obelisk). AOther likely possibilities include buildings (functional—such as a community hall or even a hockey rink—or symbolic), institutions (such as a hospital or endowed nursing position), fountains or gardens. Today, in the 21st century West, we usually think of a war memorial as intended primarily to commemorate the sacrifice and memorialize the names of individuals who went to war (most often as combatants, but also as medical or other personnel), and particularly those who were injured or killed. We generally expect these memorials to include a list or lists of names, and the conflicts in which those remembered were involved—perhaps even individual battle sites. This is a comparatively modern phenomenon, however; the ancestors of this type of memorial were designed most often to celebrate a victory, and made no mention of individual sacrifice. Particularly recent is the notion that the names of the rank and file, and not just officers, should be set down for remembrance. A Brief History of War Memorial Design 1 War Memorials in Manitoba: An Artistic Legacy Ancient Precedents The war memorials familiar at first hand to Canadians are most likely those erected in the years after the end of the First World War. Their most well‐known distant ancestors came from ancient Rome, and many (though by no means all) 20th‐century monuments derive their basic forms from those of the ancient world. -
Cannock Chase War Cemetery
OUR WAR GRAVES YOUR HISTORY Cannock Chase War Cemetery Points of interest… Commemorations: 379 First World War: 97 Commonwealth, 286 German Second World War: 3 Commonwealth, 25 German In the autumn of 1914, the British Army began constructing camps at Brocton Casualties from the following and Rugeley on Cannock Chase. Housing up to 40,000 men at any one time, the nations camps were used first as transit camps for soldiers heading to the Western Front. Cannock Chase subsequently became a training facility for various Commonwealth Germany units, and as many as 500,000 troops were trained here during the First World Poland War. New Zealand UK A hospital serving both Brocton and Rugeley camps was established at Brindley Heath in 1916. The hospital had a total of 1,000 beds as well as housing convalescing soldiers from the Western Front. The cemetery was created in 1917 Things to look out for… to serve as the final resting place for men who died while being treated in the hospital. The majority of the Commonwealth burials are New Zealanders, many of Boy soldier – Albert Urell of whom died in the flu pandemic that broke out toward the end of the war. the Royal Garrison Artillery Aircraftman 1st Class, In April 1917, part of the camp at Brocton was turned into a prisoner of war George Edgar Hicks who was camp and hospital for captured German soldiers and the cemetery was also used run over and killed by a bus on for German burials. Sandon Road Stafford, in the blackout. A coroner’s verdict of accidental death was recorded. -
Places in Leicester Associated with Wartime
Places in Leicester associated with wartime Start location: Town Hall Square, Horsefair Street, Leicester, LE1 9BG Time taken: 60 minutes (approximately)* Distance: 2 miles 3.2 km Circular route Allow additional time for information stops. Description: This walk jumps between different periods of history to take in some city-centre locations associated with Leicester’s wartime past, including the English Civil War, Boer War and the World Wars. Data CC-By-SA by OpenStreetMap www.openstreetmap.org/copyright Created in QGIS-CC-0 Main route Alternative route Stage / waypoint A Point of interest *Time is calculated at a steady pace of 2mph, if walked without stopping. Allow extra time to look at points of interest and read the information. This route was developed by staff and volunteers for Leicester City Council: www.choosehowyoumove.co.uk/walks Walk starts: From Town Hall Square, Horsefair Street, Leicester, LE1 9BG Safety tips: Take care crossing roads, use pedestrian crossings where present. There are some uneven sections, including the cobbles in Castle View. Watch for cyclists throughout the city centre, including pedestrianised spaces, pavements and cycle lanes. Remember to observe the guidance on social distancing. Route directions: 1. Take a moment in Town Hall Square to reflect on its wartime associations. (A) Town Hall Square When the First World War (1914-1918) broke out, the part-time soldiers of the Leicestershire Regiment Territorial Force and the Leicestershire Yeomanry were mobilised. However, many more men were needed. The Town Hall was used as a recruitment centre to enlist soldiers. Recruitment parades were organised and public meetings well attended. -
Allerdale District War Memorials Transcript
ALLERDALE War Memorials Names Lists Harrington Village Memorial-Transcription ERECTED IN GRATEFUL MEMORY/OF THE MEN OF THIS PARISH/WHO SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES/IN THE GREAT WAR/1914-1918 ERECTED 1925, RE-SITED HERE 2001/RE-DEDICATED BY THE BISHOP OF CARLISLE/THE RIGHT REVEREND GRAHAM DOW/12TH JUNE 2001 WW1 South Face Column 1 S AGNEW/H AMBLER/JC ANDERSON/JN ARNOTT/C ASKEW/F BARKER/L BERESFORD/J BIRD/E BIRD/ED BIRNIE/ RC BLAIR/H BLAIR/W BLAIR Column 2 S BOWES/J BOYLE/W BROWN/JT BROWN/J BYRNE/R BURNS/J CAHILL/M CASSIDY/T CAPE/J CARTER/JH CRANE M DACRE West Face Column 1 JM STAMPER/H TEMPLETON/R TEMPLETON/WH THOMAS/T TINKLER/H TOFT/J TWEDDLE/J TYSON/C UHRIG J WARD/W WARDROP/T WARREN/M WATSON/J WAUGH/J WESTNAGE/A WHITE/G WHITEHEAD Column 2 M WILLIAMSON/E WILSON/H WILSON/J WILSON/W WOODBURN/H WRIGHT/A WYPER North Face Column 1 JR LITTLE/WH MCCLURE/D MCCORD/D MCGEORGE/T MCGLENNON/W MCKEE/A MCCLENNAN/A MCMULLEN/ J MCNICHOLAS/H MASON/W MILLICAN/J MOORE/WH MOORE/G MORTON/J MORTON/J MURPHY/T NEEN/ J O’NEIL Column 2 G PAISLEY/I PARK/W PARKER/JJ PALMER/FH PICKARD/J POOLE/GF PRICE/TP PRICE/R PRITT/A RAE/J RAE H REECE/R RICE/P RODGERS/JW ROBINSON/T SCOTT/W SCRUGHAM/N SIMON/T SPOONER East Face Column 1 Page 1 of 159 H DALTON/JTP DAWSON/G DITCHBURN/E DIXON/NG DOBSON/B DOLLIGAN/W DORAN/M DOUGLAS/H FALCON JJ FEARON/J FEARON/J FERRY/H FLYNN/TH FRAZER/T GILMORE/W GILMORE/T GORRY/J GREENAN Column 2 WJ HALL/WH HARDON/J HARRISON/J HEAD/J HEWSON/TB HEWSON/A HILL/A HODGSON/J HUNTER/TB HUGHES A INMAN/JW INMAN/D JACKSON/W JACKSON/H JEFFREY/G JOHNSTON/J KEENAN WW2 -
Jacqueline's Visit to the WW1 Battlefields of France and Flanders
Jacqueline’s Visit to the WW1 Battlefields of France and Flanders, 2004 An essay by Jacqueline Winspear The skylarks are far behind that sang over the down; I can hear no more those suburb nightingales; Thrushes and blackbirds sing in the gardens of the town In vain: the noise of man, beast, and machine prevails. —From “Good-Night” by Edward Thomas Thomas was killed in action at the Battle of Arras in 1917 Standing in a field close to the town of Serre in France, I heard a skylark high in the sky above and closed my eyes. They wrote of the skylarks—in letters, and some, in poems—those soldiers that lived and died in France during the Great War. The point at which I had stopped to listen was in the middle of a field that had been, in 1916, the no-man’s land between British and German front lines at the beginning of the Battle of the Somme. It was a terrible battle, one of the most devastating in a war that became, perhaps, the first defining human catastrophe of the twentieth century. I had finally made my pilgrimage to the battlefields of The Somme and Ypres, to the places where my grandfather had seen action in the First World War, and where, in 1916 he was severely wounded during the Battle of The Somme. Though the losses during the first few days of The Somme beggar belief—some 20,000 men from Canadian and Scottish regiments died during the first hour of fighting at the Beaumont Hamel/Newfoundland Park battlefield alone— the “battle” actually lasted 142 days, with a loss of more than 1,200,000 men from Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Germany. -
Dumfries and Galloway War Memorials
Annandale and Eskdale War Memorials Annan Memorial High Street, Annan Dumfries and Galloway DG12 6AJ Square base surmounted by pedestal and Highland Soldier standing at ease with rifle. Applegarth and Sibbaldbie Parishoners Memorial Applegarth Church Applegarth Dumfries and Galloway DG11 1SX Sandstone. Two stepped square base surmounted by two stepped plinth, tapering shaft and Latin cross. Brydekirk Memorial Brydekirk Parish Church Brydekirk Dumfries and Galloway DG12 5ND Two stepped base surmounted by square pedestal and small cross. Surrounded by wrought iron railings. Canonbie Memorial B7201 Canonbie Dumfries & Galloway DG14 0UX Tapered base surmounted by pedestal and figure of a serviceman with head bowed, rifle over shoulder. Cummertrees Memorial Cummertrees Parish Church Cummertrees Dumfries & Galloway DG1 4NP Wooden lych-gate with tiled roof mounted onto a stone base. Inscription over entrance. Dalton Memorial Dalton Parish Church Dalton Dumfries & Galloway DG11 1DS Tapered square plinth surmounted by tapered shaft and Celtic cross. Dornock Memorial B721 Eastriggs Dumfries & Galloway DG12 6SY White marble. Three stepped base surmounted by double plinth, tapering pedestal and column which narrows at the top. Ecclefechan, Hoddom Memorial Ecclefechan Dumfries & Galloway DG11 3BY Granite. Tapered stone base surmounted by two stepped granite base, pedestal and obelisk. Surrounded by wrought iron railings. Eskdalemuir Memorial Eskdalemuir Parish Church B709 Eskdalemuir Dumfries & Galloway DG13 0QH Three stepped square stone base surmounted by rough hewn stone pedestal and tapered top. Ewes Memorial Ewes Parish Church A7 Ewes Langholm Dumfries & Galloway DG13 0HJ White marble. Square base surmounted by plinth and Latin cross mounted on a rough hewn base. Gretna Green Memorial Gretna Green Dumfries & Galloway DG16 5DU Granite. -
Guide to Manitoba Memorial Types
GUIDE TO MANITOBA MEMORIAL TYPES War Memorials in Manitoba: An Artistic Legacy GUIDE TO MANITOBA MEMORIAL TYPES he memorials honouring Manitoba’s dead of World War I are a profound historical legacy. They are also a major artistic achievement. This section of the study of Manitoba war memorials explores the Tmost common types of memorials with an eye to formal considerations – design, aesthetics, materials, and craftsmanship. For those who look to these objects primarily as places of memory and remembrance, this additional perspective can bring a completely different level of understanding and appreciation, and even delight. Six major groupings of war memorial types have been identified in Manitoba: Tablets Cairns Obelisks Cenotaphs Statues Architectural Monuments Each of these is reviewed in the following entries, with a handful of typical or exceptional Manitoba examples used to illuminate the key design and material issues and attributes that attend the type. Guide to Manitoba Memorial Types 1 War Memorials in Manitoba: An Artistic Legacy Tablets The apparently simple and elemental form of the tablet, also known as a stele (from the ancient Greek, with stelae as the plural), is the most common form of gravesite memorial. Given its popularity and cultural and historical resonance, its use for war memorials is understandable. The tablet is economical—in form and often in cost—but also elegant. And while the simple planar face is capable of conveying a great deal of inscribed information, the very form itself can be seen as a highly abstracted version of the human body – and thus often has a mysterious attractive quality. -
Lincolnshire Remembrance Newsletter October 2014
Lincolnshire Remembrance: Memories and Memorials Newsletter October 2014 Project Update: http://www.lincstothepast.com/home/lincolnshire-remembrance/ We still have a lot of work to do adding photographs and information, but over the next few months it should start to become a really useful resource. We would really like you all to check that we have information on your local memorials and please do let us know if there are any we have missed. There will be mistakes so please do let us know if you spot any! I am currently sorting through the memorial photographs with the help of some 'data angels' and I am compiling a list of memorials for which we do not have a good photograph. I will email this to you all as soon as I have a reasonable number so that hopefully we can gain a more complete record of the memorials. Training and Information days for Lincolnshire Remembrance We are running a series of training and information events in October and November. This will finally give us a chance to meet you all and give you a chance to participate in the project. Please do attend if you can; to book a place email me at [email protected] or call on 01522 554959. Lunch will be provided so please let me know if you have any special dietary requirements, or indeed any other special needs. All the events are free of charge and we have tried to choose venues with parking where possible. We can book some more events at other locations if there is sufficient demand – please let us know if you will find it difficult to attend any of the events listed. -
Monuments As Symbol
Monuments St John’s NFD Beaumont-Hamel • 1 July 1916, first day of the Somme offensive – British suffer 57,470 casualties • 1st Newfoundland Regiment virtually annihilated: – lost 700 men trying to advance over 500m of open ground St Johns NFD 1 July in Newfoundland • The anniversary of the Beaumont-Hamel slaughter • Canada Day • Conflicting memories Monuments • Landscape symbols • Sites of memory • Make claims about history – What and how to remember • Monument must endure changes in meaning Monuments and Power • Monuments help to project cultural power? Monuments and Memory • Monuments attempt to – Promote a way of looking, thinking – Promote a public memory • But culture, politics change – Monuments of one era may become embarrassing to the next WWI War Memorials • Landscape elements • Allied ones tend to be grand in scale, dominating • Mostly built in the 1920s • Become places of official memory Lutyens: Thiepval cenotaph WWI War Memorials • May sanitise war – noble sacrifice remembered, brutal horror forgotten – Confer purpose and meaning on often senseless slaughter Fred Varley 1918 • For What? WWI War Memorials • Product of official culture: – selected architects, sculptors, artists – officially-sanctioned symbols • cross of sacrifice • sorrowing angels Vimy Memorial • Designed by Walter Allward – Sorrowing angels, mothers, fathers Vimy unveiled 1936 Monuments and Monuments • Grand schemes for monuments displaced earlier attempts to erect monuments • Even at Vimy Ridge Canada’s National Cenotaph • Peace tower intended as a war memorial • Temporary cenotaphs on Parliamentary steps • National Cenotaph unveiled by King George VI in 1939 1946 Vancouver • Unveiled April 1924 London UK • National cenotaph • Designed by Lutyens Commonwealth War-Graves Commission • Began building WW1 cemeteries in 1919 • Each has: – Standardized grave stones – Sir Reginald Bloomfield’s Cross of Sacrifice (in 3 sizes) – Lutyen’s altar-like stone of remembrance Their name liveth .. -
Documents in the World and Is the Second-Oldest Public Museum Dedicated to Preserving the Objects, History, and Experiences of the War
Nos. 17-1717, 18-18 In the Supreme Court of the United States _____________________ THE AMERICAN LEGION, et al., Petitioners, v. AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION, et al., Respondents. _____________________ MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION, Petitioner, v. AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION, et al., Respondents. ______________________ On Writs of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ______________________ BRIEF FOR AMICI CURIAE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES, NATIONAL WWI MUSEUM AND MEMORIAL, THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND PRESERVATION MARYLAND IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS ______________________ PAUL D. CLEMENT Counsel of Record ERIN E. MURPHY KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP 655 Fifteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 879-5000 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae December 21, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ............................................ ii STATEMENT OF INTEREST ........................................ 1 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT............................... 4 ARGUMENT ...................................................................... 9 I. The Peace Cross Originates From One Of The Most Widely Recognized World War I Symbols Of Military Sacrifice ................................. 9 A. Contemporary Literature, Poetry, and Art Reflect the Widespread Use of the Gravemarker Cross as a Symbol of Battlefield Sacrifice in WWI ......................... 10 B. The Use of Gravemarker Crosses in WWI Memorials Was Ubiquitous ............... -
Napoleon's Men
NAPOLEON S MEN This page intentionally left blank Napoleon's Men The Soldiers of the Revolution and Empire Alan Forrest hambledon continuum Hambledon Continuum The Tower Building 11 York Road London, SE1 7NX 80 Maiden Lane Suite 704 New York, NY 10038 First Published 2002 in hardback This edition published 2006 ISBN 1 85285 269 0 (hardback) ISBN 1 85285 530 4 (paperback) Copyright © Alan Forrest 2002 The moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyrights reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. A description of this book is available from the British Library and the Library of Congress. Typeset by Carnegie Publishing, Lancaster, and printed in Great Britain by MPG Books, Cornwall. Contents Illustrations vii Introduction ix Acknowledgements xvii 1 The Armies of the Revolution and Empire 1 2 The Soldiers and their Writings 21 3 Official Representation of War 53 4 The Voice of Patriotism 79 5 From Valmy to Moscow 105 6 Everyday Life in the Armies 133 7 The Lure of Family and Farm 161 8 From One War to Another 185 Notes 205 Bibliography 227 Index 241 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations Between pages 108 and 109 1 Napoleon Bonaparte, crossing the Alps in 1800 2 Volunteers enrolling 3 Protesting -
The Beaumont Hamel Newfoundland Memorial on the Somme, Cultural Geographies, 11, Pp.235-258
[email protected] Gough, P.J. (2004) Sites in the imagination: the Beaumont Hamel Newfoundland Memorial on the Somme, Cultural Geographies, 11, pp.235-258 Sites in the imagination: the Beaumont Hamel Newfoundland Memorial on the Somme. Professor Paul Gough University of the West of England, Bristol Frenchay Bristol BS16 [email protected] ABSTRACT The Beaumont Hamel Newfoundland Memorial is a 16.5 hectare (40 acres) tract of preserved battleground dedicated to the memory of the 1st Newfoundland Regiment who suffered an extremely high percentage of casualties during the first day of the Battle of the Somme in July 1916. Beaumont Hamel Memorial is an extremely complex landscape 1 [email protected] of commemoration where Newfoundland, Canadian, Scottish and British imperial associations compete for prominence. It is argued in the paper that those who chose the site of the Park, and subsequently re-ordered its topography, helped to contrive a particular historical narrative that prioritised certain memories over others. In its design, the park has been arranged to indicate the causal relationship between distant military command and immediate front-line response, and its topographical layout focuses exclusively on a thirty-minute military action during a fifty-month war. In its preserved state the part played by the Royal Newfoundland Regiment can be measured, walked and vicariously experienced. Such an achievement has required close semiotic control and territorial demarcation in order to render the „invisible past‟ visible, and to convert an emptied landscape into significant reconstructed space. This paper examines the initial preparation of the site in the 1920s and more recent periods of conservation and reconstruction.