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The Making of a Man of God -Alan Redpath Calvary Chapel Lynchburg presents Believer’s Commentary - William MacDonald Through the Barnes Notes on the Bible - Albert Barnes Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary Bible cclburg.com/ThroughTheBible with Pastor Troy Warner My Notes 1 The period of the Judges comes to a close as one of the last judges, Samuel, is raised up to lead the people of to serve the Lord and turn from sin. Israel rebels against God under Samuel’s leadership and demands a king to lead them. God then establishes Saul, of the tribe of , as Israel’s first earthly king. Saul repeatedly dishonors the Lord during his reign. Because of Saul’s unrepentant heart, God removes the kingdom from him and anoints , a man after God’s heart, to be the next king over Israel. February 1, 2017 About 1 Samuel Author: Unknown (Samuel & Others?) Date: ca. 1000 - 700 B.C. Genre: History Purpose: To record the transition between the times of the Judges and the establishment of the kings of Israel. Characteristics: Long historical narratives about Samuel’s life and ministry, Saul’s rise to kingship and subsequent fall, and David’s anointing to be king.

Outline 1 & 2 Samuel were traditionally I. Samuel Judges Israel (1-7) kept as one book. The translators A. Early Years of Samuel’s Ministry (1:1-4:1) B. Capture the Ark (4:2-5:12) of the divided the book C. The Ark Returns to Israel(6:1-7:1) of Samuel into two parts. D. Samuel Judges Israel (7:2-17) II. Israel Demands a King (8-15) Key People Key Places A. “Give Us a King” (8) 1. Samuel 1. B. Saul Becomes King (9-12) 2. Saul 2. Gilgal C. Saul’s Disobedience, Rejection (13-15) 3. David 3. Mount Gilboa III. David is Raised Up (16-30) 4. Jonathan 4. Bethlehem A. David Anointed King (16) 5. Hannah 5. B. David and Goliath (17) 6. Eli 6. Ramah C. Saul Seeks to Kill David (18-29) 7. Goliath 7. Valley of Elah D. David Battles Amalekites (30) 8. Agag 8. Gibeah IV. The Death of Saul(31) Questions to Think About 1.) David spared Saul’s life twice. How does this embody the teaching of Romans 12:17-21, that we are not to repay evil? 2.) Saul was envious of David and sought to have David killed. What does this account show us about the toxicity of envy? A picture from En Gedi. 3.) Consider the consequences of Saul’s disobedience in not completely defeating the Amalekites. What happened as a result of Saul’s disobedience? Through the Bible – 1 Samuel Philistines

Origins The exact origin of the Philistines is not known; however, there are many clues from the Bible and from traditional history that would point to their origin. The Bible says in 47:4 and in :7 that the Philistines came from Caphtor. Scholars believe that the Philistines are from the Mediterranean island country of Crete (many believe Crete is a name for Caphtor), and that they were a seafaring people. What brought the people from the another part of the Mediterranean to ? The Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary suggests, “There appears to have taken place at this time a great torrent of migration out of Europe, which swept through the Aegean world, Anatolia (Asia Minor), and North Syria, destroying the Hittite empire and creating a situation of movement and folk wandering that was destined to change the ethnic make-up of the East Mediterranean world.” Recent archaeological finds would also suggest that the Philistines had Aegean origin.

During the Time of the Judges & Kings During the time of the Judges and Kings, the Philistines were the military powerhouses of the day. The Philistines frequently opposed God’s chosen people in war and often outnumbered and militarily out-powered Israel. In 1 Samuel 13, as Israel and the Philistines were about to square off in battle, it is noted that Israel did not have any weapons (vs. 22). The Philistines were prepared with chariots and horsemen (1 Sam. 13:5). A central part of the struggle was the territory of Palestine (Philistia) along the coast, bordering on the south and west sides of . The five ruling cities of Philistia were Gaza, , Ashdod, Gath and , spread out across the west side of Canaan toward the Mediterranean. As both the Philistines attempted to expand territory and the Israelites settled into the Promised Land, the two had continual battles with one another. The Philistines even captured the ark of the covenant (1 Sam. 4) during a conflict with Israel.

The Philistines Today There is no specific country that remains today that once belonged to the Philistines. “Our word Palestine is derived from Greek Palaistine, which referred originally to the land of the Philistines.”1 Some assert that the Palestinians are descendants of the Philistines, but there is no conclusive evidence that would support the idea. The people of ancient Philistia are not around today, and it is unclear exactly who are the descendants of these ancient enemies of Israel.

1 Zondervan Illustrated Dictionary.