Advanced Science Letters ISSN: 1936-6612 (Print): EISSN: 1936-7317 (Online) Copyright © 2000-2018 American Scientific Publishers

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EDITORIAL BOARD

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dr. Hari Singh Nalwa, USA

ASIAN EDITOR Dr. Katsuhiko Ariga, PhD Advanced Materials Laboratory National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, JAPAN

ASSOCIATE EDITORS Diederik Aerts (Quantum theory, Cognition, Evolution theory) Brussels Free University, Belgium.

Yakir Aharonov (Physics, Quantum Physics) School of Physics and Astronomy, Israel.

Peter C. Aichelburg (Gravitation) University of Vienna, Austria.

Jim Al-Khalili (Foundations of Physics, Nuclear Reaction Theory) University of Surrey, UK.

Jake Blanchard (Engineering Physics, Nuclear Engineering) University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA.

Simon Baron-Cohen (Cognitive Neuroscience) University of Cambridge, UK.

Franz X. Bogner (Cognitive Achievement) University of Bayreuth, Germany.

John Borneman (Anthropology) Princeton University, USA.

John Casti (Complexity Science) Internationales Institut für Angewandte Systemanalyse, Austria.

Masud Chaichian (High Energy Physics, String Theory) University of Helsink, Finland.

Sergey V. Chervon(Gravitation, Cosmology, Astrophysics) Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Russia

Kevin Davey (Philosophy of Science) University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.

Tania Dey (Colloids/Polymers/Nanohybrids) Canada.

Roland Eils (Bioinformatics) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Germany.

Thomas Görnitz (Quantum theory, Cosmology) University of Frankfurt, Germany.

Bert Gordijn (Nanoethics, Neuroethics, Bioethics) Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Ji-Huan He (Textile Engineering, Functional Materials) Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Nongyue He (Biosensors/Biomaterials) China.

Irving P. Herman (Materials and Solid State Physics) Columbia University, USA.

Dipankar Home (Foundations of Quantum Mechanics) Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.

Jucundus Jacobeit (Climate, Global Change Ecology) University of Augsburg, Germany.

Yuriy A. Knirel (Bioorganic Chemistry) N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russia.

Arthur Konnerth (Neurophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms) University of Munich, Germany.

G. A. Kourouklis (Physics Solid State Physics) Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece.

Peter Krammer (Genetics) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Germany.

Andrew F. Laine (Biomedical Engineering) Columbia University, USA.

Minbo Lan (Organic Functional Materials) China.

Martha Lux-Steiner (Physics, Materials Science) Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Germany.

Klaus Mainzer (Complex Systems, Computational Mind, Philosophy of Science) University of Augsburg, Germany.

JoAnn E. Manson (Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease) Harvard University, USA.

Mark P. Mattson (Neuroscience) National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, USA.

Lucio Mayer (Astrophysics, Cosmology) ETH Zürich, Switzerland.

Karl Menten (Radioastromy) Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastromie, Germany.

Yoshiko Miura (Biomaterials/Biosensors) Japan.

Fred M. Mueller (Solid State Physics) Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.

Garth Nicolson (Illness Research, Cancer Cell Biology) The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, USA.

Nina Papavasiliou (DNA Mutators, Microbial Virulence, Antiviral Defence, Adaptive Immunity, Surface Receptor Variation) The Rockefeller University, New York, USA.

Panos Photinos (Physics) Southern Oregon University, USA.

Zhiyong Qian (Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials, Drug Delivery) Sichuan University, CHINA.

Reinhard Schlickeiser (Astrophysics, Plasma Theory and Space Science) Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.

Surinder Singh (Sensors/Nanotechnology) USA.

Suprakas Sinha Ray (Composites/Polymer Science) South Africa.

Koen Steemers (Architechture, Environmental Building Performance) University of Cambridge, UK.

Shinsuke Tanabe (Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology) Ehime University, Japan.

James R. Thompson (Solid State Physics) The University of Tennessee, USA.

Uwe Ulbrich (Climat, Meteorology) Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.

Ahmad Umar (Advanced Materials) Najran University, Saudi Arabia.

Frans de Waal (Animal Behavior and Cognition) Emory University, USA.

EDITORIAL BOARD Filippo Aureli, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Marcel Ausloos, Université de Liège, Belgium Martin Bojowald, Pennsylvania State University, USA Sougato Bose, University College, London, UK Jacopo Buongiorno, MIT, USA Paul Cordopatis, University of Patras, Greece Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara, University of Firenze, Italy Dionysios Demetriou Dionysiou, University of Cincinnati, USA Simon Eidelman, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia Norbert Frischauf, QASAR Technologies, Vienna, Austria Toshi Futamase, Tohoku University, Japan Leonid Gavrilov, University of Chicago, USA Vincent G. Harris, Northeastern University, USA Mae-Wan Ho, Open University, UK Keith Hutchison, University of Melbourne, Australia David Jishiashvili, Georgian Technical University, Georgia George Khushf, University of South Carolina, USA Sergei Kulik, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Harald Kunstmann, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany Alexander Lebedev, Laboratory of Semiconductor Devices Physics, Russia James Lindesay, Howard University, USA Michael Lipkind, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel Nigel Mason, Open University, UK Johnjoe McFadden, University of Surrey, UK B. S. Murty, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Heiko Paeth, Geographisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Germany Matteo Paris, Universita' di Milano, Italia David Posoda, University of Vigo, Spain Paddy H. Regan, University of Surrey, UK Leonidas Resvanis, University of Athens, Greece Wolfgang Rhode, University of Dortmund, Germany Derek C. Richardson, University of Maryland, USA Carlos Romero, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil Andrea Sella, University College London, London, UK P. Shankar, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India Surya Singh, Imperial College London, UK Leonidas Sotiropoulos, University of Patras, Greece Roger Strand, University of Bergen, Norway Karl Svozil, Technische Universität Wien, Auastria Kit Tan, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Roland Triay, Centre de Physique Theorique, CNRS, Marseille, France Rami Vainio, University of Helsinki, Finland Victor Voronov, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, Russia Andrew Whitaker, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland Lijian Xu, Hunan University of Technology, China Alexander Yefremov, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Russia Avraam Zelilidis, University of Patras, Greece Alexander V. Zolotaryuk, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Ukraine

Volume 23, Number 9 (September 2017) pp.8021-9361 A SPECIAL SECTION Selected Peer-Reviewed Articles from the ASIA International Conference (AIC-2016) on Emerging Issues in Economics and Finance (EIEF) and Future of Marketing and Management (FMM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 10–11 December 2016 Guest Editors: Amran Rasli, Ahmad Jusoh, and Muhammad Imran Qureshi Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8021–8022 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

REVIEW Entrepreneurial Career Adoption Model: A Way Forward Bilal A. Abbasi, Aslan B. Amat Senin, Hapriza Bt Ashari, and Ambreen Gul Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8023–8030 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

RESEARCH ARTICLES Re-Defining PT Klippan Growth Strategy in Indonesia Jacqueline Nora Pinto Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8031–8037 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Empirical Investigation of Causal Linkage Between Sectoral Reforms, FDI and Growth: Evidences from India Deepa Gupta and Deepa Pillai Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8038–8043 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The Prime Lending Rate and Profitability of Regional Banks in Indonesia Ghazali Syamni, Said Musnadi, and Faisal Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8044–8046 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Accessing Sustainable Rural Tourism: A Qualitative Analysis of Gomantong Cave, Sabah Khairil Wahidin Awang, Mohamed Aslam, Norol Hamiza Zamzuri, and Arni Abd Gani Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8047–8050 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The Influence of Innovativeness and Internal Locus of Control on Earnings Management Eko Widodo Lo Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8051–8055 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Equity Market Price and Its Effect on Capital Structure and Equity Issue Miswanto Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8056–8059 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Internal Audit in Malaysian Public Sector: Qualitative Approach Norhidayu Kudus and Mazlina Mustapha Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8060–8064 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention Among Lectures of Vocational Economics and Business at Universitas Gajah Mada Riski Isminar Ardianti, Izzato Millati, and Deddy Kurniawansyah Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8065–8068 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The Impact of Campaign Fund Training in Indonesia Lita Kusumasari Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8069–8074 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Disclosure of Whistle Blowing Policy Among Malaysian Listed Companies Mazlina Mustapha, Hashanah Ismail, and Hun Lee Wei Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8075–8077 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Impact of Internal Audit Function on Internal Control Disclosure Amelia Setiawan, Hamfri Djajadikerta, and Majidah Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8078–8084 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Analysis Unit Role of Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as Support in the Village of Village Tourism, Tamansari, Banyuwangi Izzato Millati, A. A. Gde Satia Utama, and Riski Isminar Ardianti Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8085–8089 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Islamic Student Financing Back Securitization in Malaysia Mohammed Hariri Bakri, Nurayati Dabas, Shafinar Ismail, and Baharom Abdul Hamid Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8090–8093 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Share Price Performance of Malaysian IPOs Around Lock-Up Expirations Abdolhossein Zameni and Othman Yong Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8094–8102 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

B-School’s Readiness Standards for Encountering Asean Economic Community Anton Mulyono Azis Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8103–8108 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Leadership Practices in Malaysian Technology-Based Firms: A Mixed Method Approach Azlin Shafinaz Arshad, Amran Rasli, and Mastora Mustafar Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8109–8112 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Implementing Technology in Creative Industry (Benchmarking Study in Developed Countries) Maya Irjayanti and Anton Mulyono Azis Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8113–8118 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

The Effect of Accounting Knowledge, Entrepreneurship Spirit and Capital Accessibility to Financial Performance of Footwear Creative Industries with Government Policy as Moderating Variable Asep Darmansyah and Hamidah Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8119–8126 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Chemistry Modelling Skills: Students’ Understanding on Chemical Representations at the Microscopic Level Siti Zubaidah Omar, Mohammad Yusof Hj Arshad, Mohd Shafie Rosli, and Nurbiha A. Shukor Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8127–8130 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Do Leaders’ Emotional Labor Strategies Influence the Leaders’ Emotional Exhaustion? Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence: Longitudinal Study on NGOs Qasim Ali Nisar, Asma Imran, Noraini Binti Othman, Bidayatul Akmal Binti Mustafa Kamil, and Leonis Marchalina Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8131–8137 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Entrepreneurship and Livelihood Restoration at Sindh Pakistan: Mediating Role of Firm Performance Abdul Ghafoor Kazi, Rosman Bin Md Yusoff, Fadillah Binti Ismail, Erni Munastiwi, and Muzammil Muhammad Khan Arisar Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8138–8143 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Entrepreneurship and Livelihood Restoration at Disaster Hit Area of Sindh Pakistan Through Government Support Abdul Ghafoor Kazi, Rosman Bin Md Yusoff, Fadillah Binti Ismail, Erni Munastiwi, and Muzammil Muhammad Khan Arisar Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8144–8148 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Critical Process in Paddy Residue-Based Power Generation in Malaysia: Economic and Environmental Perspective S. M. Shafie, Z. Othman, and N. Hami Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8149–8153 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Determinants of Household Indebtedness in East Malaysia: An Evaluation Nur Shahirah Azman, Rosita Hamdan, Norazah Mohd Suki, and Aminah Shari Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8154–8159 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Structural Relationship Between Women Consumers’ Attitude and Actual Behavior in Mobile Retailing Azlina Bujang, Norbayah Mohd Suki, and Norazah Mohd Suki Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8160–8163 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

Analysis of Student’s Conception on Neutralisation: A Qualitative Study Siti Salbiah Omar, Johari Surif Jamalludin Harun, Noor Dayana Abd Halim, and Suraiya Muhammad Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8164–8169 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

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The Impact of the Cigarettes Excise Tax to Cigarette Demand and Central Java Economic Structure Ihwan Sudrajat and FX. Sugianto Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8187–8190 (2017) [Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article] RESEARCH ARTICLE

The Prime Lending Rate and Proﬁtability of Regional Banks in Indonesia

Ghazali Syamni1∗, Said Musnadi2, and Faisal2 1Department of Management, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe and Ph.D. Scholar in Management, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2Department of Management, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Bank of Indonesia in 2012 has issued a circular prime lending rate, covering: corporate, mortgages nonmortgages and retail. The prime lending rate is the minimum loan interest charged to customers when taking credit in commercial banks including regional bank. The purpose of this study is to test the effect of interest rates using proxy the prime lending rate on the profitability of regional banks in Indonesia. This study used sec- ondary data from the financial statements of regional banks which was accessed from the page of the Financial Services Authority. This study used multiple regression models analyzed by using Eviews. The study found that the prime lending rate affects the profitability of regional banks. Partially explained that the prime lending rate of mortgages affect the profitability of regional bank swith five percent significance. Moreover, the lending rate of micro and non-mortgage has a significant influence over ten percent. This indicates that the profitability of banks in Indonesia is still determinedDelivered by mortgage by Ingenta and non-mortgage to: Faisal loans.Faisal Keywords: Prime LendingIP: 116.206.33.46 Rate, Profitability, On: Regional Thu, Bank.08 Feb 2018 07:08:53 Copyright: American Scientific Publishers

1. INTRODUCTION from the improving financial and operational performance. As Banking industry sector is the backbone that plays an important of March 2015, the asset of BPD has reached IDR 498.951 tril- role in the economy and the intermediation process between par- lion, or an increase of 22.39% compared to the position in ties who need funding with the underfunded. In the review of March 2014, which reached IDR 407.669 trillion, ranked No. 4 Financial Stability of Bank of Indonesia1 says that the banking in the national banking system after BRI, Mandiri and BCA. In industry in Indonesia plays an important role in the financial sys- accordance with Indonesian Banking Statistics data, credit per- tem in Indonesia with a market share of 77.9% in 2013, slightly formance of BPD also shows steady growth. In March 2015, down compared with the previous year in 2012, 78.3%. Accord- the credit position of BPD reached IDR 304.492 trillion, or an ing to the Infobank Bureau of Research,2 the total banking assets increase of 13.02% compared to the position in March 2014 of in Indonesia reached 5.128.516.976 (millions of rupiah) with IDR 269.419 trillion, or ranked No. 4 in the national banking an average of 42.737.641 (million rupiah) and core capital of system after BRI, Mandiri and BCA. 495.030.105 (millions of rupiah) of 120 banks. The 120 banking The data is quite clear that the performance of banks in consists of all banks in Indonesia, such as: government banks, Indonesia, including regional banks has been heading into pos- regional banks, foreign banks, joint venture banks, national pri- itive direction. This of course provides encouragement to invest vate non-foreign exchange banks and national private foreign and ultimately foster economic growth of a country. That is, exchange banks. banks that do not perform well tend to give a negative sign for One of the groups of bank that help intermediation process in the banking world that ultimately hamper a country’s economic growth.4 In addition, banks that have ensured a high level of prof- Indonesia is regional bank. Regional Bank (BPD) plays role in 5 6 the growth of regional economy and it is heavily influenced by itability are able to survive in the financial markets. The man- ager are important for banks but other stakeholders such as the the performance of BPD in certain area. Thus, the local govern- central bank, banking associations, government and other finan- ment role is to strengthen the capital of BPD obtained from inter- cial authorities cannot be ignored in affecting profits in financial nal and external. As an intermediary institution, BPD should be sector. able to cover the entire risk of potential losses.3 Chairman of the Many factors affect financial performance or profitability of Association of Regional Banks, the achievement of BPD is seen banks. However, researchers previously mentioned there are only two factors that affect the profitability of banks, namely ∗Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. internal factors and external or macroeconomic variables.5 7–14

8044 Adv. Sci. Lett. Vol. 23, No. 9, 2017 1936-6612/2017/23/8044/003 doi:10.1166/asl.2017.9831 Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8044–8046, 2017 RESEARCH ARTICLE

Other factor in addition to these two factors is the ownership Table I. Chow test and Hausman test. structure.5–16 Internal factors are generally defined with regard to Hausman test Statistic d. f. Prob. the bank specific matters while the external factor is the variable F related to the state or the variable beyond the company’s control Cross-section 1.411259 (13,24) 0.2247 Cross-section Chi-square 23.848812 13 0.0325 that affect the profitability of banks. Chow test Statistic d. f. Prob. This study addresses the external factors that is the interest Test summary Chi-sq. statistic Chi-sq. Prob. rate. The interest rate here is none other than prime lending Cross-section random 2.922895 4 0.5708 rate at commercial banks in Indonesia. The prime-lending rate is the lowest interest rate used as the basis for determination of bank lending rates to bank customers. The release of Circu- then Return on Assetsis 1.619775 points. The coefficient of lar No. 15/1/DPNP on January 15, 2013 makes the interest rate 0.098526 for PLR_Corporate variable with 10% significance of banks different from each other. Based on the BI circular, level of 0.0558, meaning that if PLR_Corporate increase by the lending rate consists of corporate loans, retail credit, micro 1 point, then Return on Assets will increase by 0.098526 points. credit, and consumer loans (mortgage and non-mortgage). Based Conversely, if PLR_Corporate decrease by 1 point, the Return on on that, the purpose of this study is to test the effect of the prime Assets will also decrease by 0,015. The coefficient of 0.004797 lending rate on the profitability of regional banks in Indonesia. for PLR_Ritel with 10% significance level or 0,0640, meaning that if PLR_Retail increase by 1 point, then Return on Assets will increase by 0.235 points. Conversely, PLR_Retail decrease 2. DATA AND METHOD by 1%, the Return on Assets will decrease by 0.235 points. The technique of collecting data in this research was Furthermore, PLR_Mortgages coefficient −0.004770 with 5% purposive sampling and there was 14 from 26 regional significance level 5% or 0.0490, meaning that if PLR_Mortgages development banks that consistently publish Lending Rate increase by 1 point, then Return on Assets will decrease by (Prime Lending Rate/PLR), includes: PLR_coorporate, PLR_ 0.004770 and conversely if PLR_Mortgages decrease by 1 point, Mortgages, PLR_NonMortgages, and PLR_Retail, except unpub- the Return on Assets will increase by 0.004770 points. Lastly, lished PLR_micro consistently over the sample period. All PLR_NonMortgages coefficient −0.086981 with 10% signifi- the financial data of banks were accessed on Ref. [17] from cance level 10% or 0.0563, meaning that if PLR_NonMortgages 2012–2014. While the financial statement of data were down- increase by 1 point, then Return on Assets will decrease by loaded on the website of Financial Services Authority, ww.ojk.go −0.086981 and conversely if PLR_NonMortgages decrease by .id. The sample from 14 regional banks was formed 44 observa- 1 point, the Return on Assets will increase by −0.086981 points. tions. The data collected showed that each sampleDelivered of banks by Ingenta has to:Furthermore, Faisal Faisal in Table II, it can also be seen the correla- the same observation and certainly properIP: 116.206.33.46 with the characteris- On: Thu,tion 08 coefficientFeb 2018 and 07:08:53 the coefficient of determination (R and R2). tics of panel data.18 The research modelCopyright: used in this American research ScientificThe correlation Publishers coefficient (R) in this study is 0.697770 or was time series data and cross-section in the top 14 banks in ±68.78%. It is clear that the level of correlation between cor- 3 years. Modeling used panel data regression techniques with porate prime lending rate, mortgage prime lending rate, non- alternative common effect, fixed effect and random effect. Fur- mortgage prime lending rate and retail prime lending rate, with thermore, in selecting a model of common effect, fixed effect, and ROA in Regional Banks in Indonesia has a strong correlation- random effect should use Hausmantest. So, the research model ship. While the determination coefficient of adjusted R-Square is was: ROA = + 1PLR_Corporate + 2PLR_Mortgages + 0.486884 or ±48.69%. This value indicates that the Return on 3PLR_NonMortgages + 4PLR_Retail + . Assets can be explained by corporate prime lending rate, mortgages prime lending rate and non mortgages prime lending rate and retail prime lending rate by 48.69%, while the remaining 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 51.31% is influenced by other factors beyond the study models. The results of testing the effect of interest rate in this In addition, the research also found that simultaneous interest case PLR_Corporate, PLR_Mortgages, PLR_NonMortgages and rate or PLR_Corporate, PLR_Mortgages, PLR_NonMortgages PLR_Retail to profitability of regional banks in Indonesia. Model and PLR_Retail simultaneously did not influence the profitability selection was done before carrying out the model that is used of regional banks in Indonesia. It can be seen in the significant with the purpose of the panel data regression to choose the alter- value at the level of 1% in Table II. The results are different native fixed effect or random effect in which has to do with the with those expressed by Refs. [13, 14] who states interest as Chow test or Hausman test (see Table I). Based on the Table I the center of financial intermediation for commercial banks and above explains that the proper model fixed effect should have a the dominant factor to reach banks profitability. However, it is significant Chow test values below 5%. Furthermore, after test- when analyzed partially from the four prime lending rates, cor- ing using a fixed effect model. The test results can be seen in porate, mortgages and non-mortgages and retail. Those four PLR Table II. influenced significantly on the profitability of Regional Banks in Based on Table II obtained the equation as: Indonesia. ROA = 161977518989 + 0.0985264521981 ∗ PLR_Corp- However, from the four prime lending rates, only mortgages .00476954336527 ∗ PLR_Mortgages-. 0869807672452 ∗ PLR_ prime lending rate that influence profitability at significant level NonMortgages + 0. 00479743453596 ∗ PLR_Retail. of 5 percent while corporate, non-mortgages and retail lending From the fixed effect regression equation above, it can rate affect the profitability of regional banks at the level of 10 per- be explained that the constant is 1.619775, meaning that cent. The findings of this study indicate that the primary determi- if the independent variables PLR_Corporate, PLR_Mortgages, nant of the transmission of monetary policy in financial sector in PLR_NonMortgages and PLR_Retail are considered constant, improving the profitability of regional banks in Indonesia is still

8045 RESEARCH ARTICLE Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 8044–8046, 2017

Table II. Fixed effect regression summary.

Dependent Variable: ROA Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 11/20/16 Time: 22:38 Sample: 2012 2014 Periods included: 3 Cross-sections included: 14 Total panel (balanced) observations: 42 Variable Coefficient Std. error t-Statistic Prob. C1619775 0.267911 6045949 00000 PLR_CORP 0098526 0.049011 2010309 00558∗ PLR_Mortgage −0004770 0.002300 −2073265 00490∗ PLR_NonMortgages −0086981 0.043376 −2005271 00563∗ PLR_RITEL 0004797 0.002471 1941532 00640∗ Effects specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables) R-square 0486884 Mean dependent var 1408667 Adjusted R-squared 0123426 S. D. dependent var 1510453 S. E. of regression 1414170 Akaike info criterion 3828489 Sum squared resid 4799701 Schwarz criterion 4573205 Log likelihood −6239827 Hannan-Quinn criter. 4101457 F -statistic 1339588 Durbin-Watson stat 3241944 Prob(F -statistic) 0250130

Notes: ∗ and ∗∗ is signiﬁcance level ∗∗ is 10%, and 10%.

dominated by consumer loans or mortgage prime lending rate, well. However, it is important to note that the credit disbursement followed by non-mortgage and corporates. This means that cus- should be carried out more careful because based on research tomers tend to use bank to take loan for buying a house, vehicle results found that PLR rate incidentally has not considered the and very little to use for enterprises or business. risks yet. In addition, the study was only done on regional banks in Indonesia. It also needs to be done on other groups of bank. Delivered by Ingenta to: Faisal Faisal 4. CONCLUSION IP: 116.206.33.46 On: Thu, 08 Feb 2018 07:08:53 The purpose of this study is to test the effectCopyright: of interest American rates on ScientificReferences Publishers and Notes the profitability of regional banks in Indonesia. The interest rate 1. Infobank, Sepak Terjang Konstituen Baru, 120 Rating Bank, Juni. Penerbit PT, InfoartaPratama, Jakarta (2014), Vol XXXVI. is one of the main sources of income of a bank. The study found 2. KajianStabilitasKeuangan, Bank Indonesia (2013). that the interest rate affects the profitability of regional banks in 3. E. Budiwiyono, Kinerja BPD di Indonesia Terus Berkembang, www Indonesia. However, on an all prime lending rate as corporate, .tubasmedia.com/kinerja-bpd-di-indonesia-terus-berkembang/28 Mei 2015, mortgage, non-mortgage and retail prime lending rate influence accessed on April (2016). 4. R. Levine, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 596 (1998). the profitability of banks. This findings reveals that by using PLR 5. V. O. Ongore and G. B. Kusa, International Journal of Economics and Finan- (Prime Lending Rate), regional banks has given enough profit. cial Issues 3, 237 (2013). This finding reveals that by using PLR (Prime Lending Rate), 6. Y. P. Purbaningsih, The effect of liquidity risk and non performing financing (NPF) ratio to commercial Sharia bank profitability in Indonesia, Interna- Regional Bank has provided a considerable profit. Moreover, the tional Proceedings of Economics Development and Research (2014), Vol. 73, interest rate is greater than the prime lending rate. p. 575. The results of this study also concluded that corporate and 7. S. Haron, Global Journal of Finance and Economics 1, 11 (2004). retail prime lending rate are still given the profitability. It indi- 8. F. Sufian and R. R. Chong, Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance 4, 91 (2008). cates that regional banks should. This indicates that the regional 9. H. Al-Tamimi and A. Hussein, Factors Influencing Performance of the UAE banks should concern more on lending to the corporate and Islamic and Conventional National Banks (2010). business world, especially retail businesses. While, depositors of 10. T. Aburime, Determinants of Bank Profitability: Company-Level Evidence from Nigeria (2008). credit using mortgage, nonmortgages prime lending rate did not 11. D. Singh, Paradigm 14, 53 (2010). improve profitability of regional banks. This is because the grant- 12. A.Bhatia,etal.,Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research 1, 14 (2012). ing of both credits were not selective and careful. On the other 13. W. A. Khan and A. Sattar, International Journal of Accounting and Financial hand, customers sometimes do not use the fund to build housing Reporting 4, 142 (2014). 14. U. Albertazzi and L. Gambcorta, Bank profitability and the business cycle, but used for consumption. Temi di discussione del Servizio Studi (2006), p. 601. This study gives recommendation that the central bank pol- 15. R. Zeitun, Global Economy and Finance Journal 5, 53 (2012). icy will determine the changes or behavior of commercial banks 16. www.bi.go.id. 17. V. O. Ongore, African Journal of Business Management 5, 2120 (2011). in Indonesia, including the prime lending rate policy. So, we 18. Gujarati N. Damodat and Porter C. Dawn, Dasar–Dasar Ekonometrika, suggest necessary adjustments to the interest rate of deposit as Salemba Empat, Jakarta (2012).

Received: 21 November 2016. Accepted: 2 May 2017.

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Advanced Science Letters

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Country United States - Subject Area and Category Computer Science 26 Computer Science (miscellaneous)

Energy H Index Ener gy (miscellaneous)

Engineering Engineering (miscellaneous)

Environmental Science Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

Mathematics Mathematics (miscellaneous)

Social Sciences Education Health (social science)

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Quartiles

TheComputer set of journals Science ha (miscellaneous)ve been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of theEducation journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest valuesEner andgy Q4 (miscellaneous) (red) the lowest values. Engineering (miscellaneous)

EnvirCategoronmentaly Science (miscellaneous) Year Quartile Computer ScienceHealth (miscellaneous) (social science) 2011 Q2 ComputerMathematics Science (miscellaneous)(miscellaneous) 2012 Q3 Computer Science (miscellaneous) 2011 20132012 Q2 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Computer Science (miscellaneous) 2014 Q4

SJR Citations per document

The0.3 SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that This2 indicator counts the number of citations received ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is by documents from a journal and divides them by the 0.225based on the idea that 'all citations are not created total number of documents published in that journal. equal'. SJR is a measure of scientic inuence of 1.6The chart shows the evolution of the average number 0.15 journals that accounts for both the number of citations of times documents published in a journal in the past 0.075received by a journal and the importance or prestige of two, three and four years have been cited in the current 1.2 the journals where such citations come from It year. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 measures the scientic inuence of the average article factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric. in a journal it expresses how central to the global 0.8

Total Cites Self-Cites Cites per document Year Value Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2010 0.000 0.4 1.2k Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2011 1.667 self-citations received by a journal's published Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2012 1.424 documents during the three previous years. Cites0 / Doc. (4 years) 2013 0.383 600 Journal Self-citation is dened as the number of Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2014 0.288 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 citation from a journal citing article to articles Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2015 0.231 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2016 0.194 published by the same journal. Cites / Doc. (4 years) 0 CitesCites / Doc./ Doc. (4 (3 y years)ears) 2017 0.208 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 CitesCites / Doc./ Doc. (4 (2 y years)ears) 2018 0.215 Cites Year Value Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2019 0.279 S lf Cit 2010 0 External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc % International Collaboration Evolution of the number of total citation per document International Collaboration accounts for the articles 1.8and external citation per document (i.e. journal self- 40that have been produced by researchers from several citations removed) received by a journal's published countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's

0.9documents during the three previous years. External 20documents signed by researchers from more than one citations are calculated by subtracting the number of country; that is including more than one country self-citations from the total number of citations address. 0 0 received by the journal’s documents.

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Year2010 International2012 Collabor2014 ation2016 2018

Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents

5k 5k Not every article in a journal is considered primary Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those ratio of a journal's articles including substantial not cited during the following year. 2.5k 2.5k research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents Documents Year Value other than research articles, reviews and conference 0 Uncited0 documents 2010 0 papers. Uncited documents 2011 36 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Uncited documents 2012 333 D t Y V l Uncited documents 2013 2027

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