A Description of Metaphor Found in the Greatest Showman's Selected Songs a Paper Written by Sabda Nabila Simanjuntak Reg.No 16

Home , A Million Dreams, Keala Settle, Rewrite the Stars, Sun is Up, The Greatest Show, The Greatest Showman

A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHOR FOUND IN THE GREATEST

SHOWMAN’S SELECTED SONGS

A PAPER

WRITTEN

SABDA NABILA SIMANJUNTAK

REG.NO 162202034

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2019

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, SABDA NABILA SIMANJUNTAK, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no Material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualifield for or awarded another degree.No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the maintext Of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of anotherdegree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date :

Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : SABDA NABILA SIMANJUNTAK

Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF METAPORS FOUND IN THE GREATEST SHOWMAN‟S SELECTED SONGS

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty Of culture Studies USU on understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : Date :

Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT

This paper is entiled “A Description of Metaphors Found in The Greatest Showman's Song” lyrics discusses the types and meanings of metaphors in the lyrics of songs from the greatest showman film. In this paper the author writes a paper using descriptive methods, collecting several data from several books, and the internet. The author collects data from the lyrics of the selected song The greatest showman, determines the type of metaphor and describes the metaphorical meaning of each lyrics.

Keywords: Metaphor, description, song

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Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK

Kertas karya yang berjudul “A Description of Metaphors Found in The Greatest Showman’s Song” ini membahas tentang jenis dan makna metafora yang ada dalam lirik lagu-lagu dari film the greatest showman. Dalam makalah ini penulis menulis makalah menggunakan metode deskriptif, mengumpulkan beberapa data dari beberapa buku, dan internet. Penulis mengumpulkan data dari lirik lirik lagu terpilih The greatest showman, menentukan jenis metafora dan mendeskripsikan arti metafora dari setiap lirik.

Kata kunci : Metafora, deskripsi, lagu

Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to Thank to God, who gives me health, strength, and capability to finish this paper as my last assignment to finish my study at English Diploma III Department,

University of North Sumatera.

Then I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and a appreciation to :

 Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. as Dean Faculty of Cultural Study,University of Sumatera

Utara

 Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as The head of Diploma III English Study

Program who gives me a lot of knowledge.

 Drs.Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum as my supervisor who has given support, criticism

and advice and taking the time, energy and thought to complete this paper.

 All Lectures in English Diploma Study Program for giving me instruction, and

knowledge.

 And then I would like to say thank you to my lovely family especially to my beloved

parents, Indra Simanjuntak and Juwita Thank you for all your motivation, advice,

prays, and loves. I present this paper for you.

 Thank you to my beloved brother Iqbal really thank you for your support, pray and

love.

 Thank you to my beloved sister Ovi,Gita,Putri and Dinda I really thank you for your

support, pray and love.

 I would like to say thank you to all my friends in Diploma III English Study

Program / Solidas 2016. Thank you for your support that help me to complete this

paper. I will be missing you all.

Universitas Sumatera Utara  I would like to say thank you to my friends Artha Priscilla Sijabat , Ira Sartika

Sipangkar, Hana Pasaribu, Diana Tambunan, Ike Fadillah,Saridina Sianipar

and Rosma Nainggolan. Thank you for your support me.

Finally, I do realise that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestions towards this paper. Hopefully this paper can inspire and give knowledge for anyone in the future.

Date,

The Writer

Sabda Nabila Simanjuntak Reg. 162202034

Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... ii ABSTRACT ...... iii ABSTRAK ...... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study ...... 1 1.2 Problem of The Study ...... 4 1.3 Purpose of The Study ...... 4 1.4 Scope of The Study ...... 4 1.5 Significance of The Study ...... 4 1.6 Method of The Study ...... 5

2.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Metaphor ...... 6 2.2 Types of Metaphor ...... 14

3.THE ANALYSIS 3.1 Hyperbole ...... 18 3.2 Personification...... 22 3.3 Simile ...... 25

4.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion...... 26 4.2 Suggestion ...... 27 REFERENCES ...... 28 APPENDICES A.The Greatest Showman Movie B.The Lyrics Of Selected Songs

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Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study

Language is one of the tools of human communication. Through that language, people convey their ideas, desires, or feelings. The function of the language itself is a social interaction tool, in the sense of the tool to convey thoughts, ideas, concepts, or feelings. Thus, language can be expressed as the identity and media of the community's soul-expressiveness or individuals in various communication situations (Chaer, 2009:33). In communication certainly contains meanings that are understandable to each other. This means that meaning is an important part of the language and through language we can know and understand the meaning. Meaning deeply examined in a science called semantics.

Kreidler (1998:3) says, “ Semantics is the systematic study of meaning and linguistic semantics is the study of how language organize and express meanings”. We can get the meaning not only by literally, but also by interpreting and adjusting the meaning based on the context situation. In semantics, meaning differentiated into literal and non-literal. The literal meaning is exactly what it says and we do not need to analyze the word or sentence to know the meaning.

While the non-literal meaning does not mean it and we need to analyze the word or sentence to know its meaning.

The figurative language is a form of use of language capable of expressing basic meanings to other pronouns. The right allegory can help readers feel and see what the author sees or feels like. Pradopo (1990:80) says that “We can

Universitas Sumatera Utara create a picture of a imagery in a reader that resembles the image produced by the poet's disclosure of the object that the eye can see, the nerve of the vision, or the area of the brain corresponding”

In Aristotele's insight, the Figurative language is interpreted as replacing one word with another.

Based on the comparison or analogy of a common semantic trait. The comparison or analogy is proportional, in the sense that the comparison shows the potentiality of words moved in describing imagery and new ideas. Based on the above explanation shows that figurative language is a way used by poets to generate and create imagery using language style like figurative language. The common figurative language in the poem one is the metaphor. In literature, metaphor as one of elements does not merely convey ideas, in addition it also functions as a tool for literary writers to embellish and give colors to their works.

There are some kinds od literary works, which use metaphor. Some of them are novels, song lyrics, poetry, etc.

In relation to the topic the writer will explain in this paper is that the metaphor is found in some song lyrics. The lyrics of the song are a kind of poem,

Luxemburg (1989:175) says that the text of poetry includes not only literature but the expression of language that is proverb, message, advertisement, motto, political, prayers and lyrics of the song. With song lyrics, all human beings can express their feelings like singing or listening to a song.

Song is a short piece of music, usually with words. It combines melody and vocals, although some composers have written instrumental pieces, or musical works without words, that mimic the quality of a singing voice. The words of a

Universitas Sumatera Utara song are called lyrics. Lyrics can include a series of verses, the longer sections of the song that tell the story, and a refrain, a short phrase repeated at the end of every verse. Songs can have a simple structure of one or two verses, or a more complex one with multiple verses and refrains. Songs usually have a meter or beat. Whether you sing or speak the lyrics, you can feel a pattern or pulse in the way the words move the song forward.

Awe (2003:12) says, "the song's lyrics are a sequence of words. "Song lyrics is a phrase or imagination songwriter through listening, perception and experience of songwriters writing beautiful words to create and atraction traits of lyrics in their expressing experiences or feelings. Some of the lyrics of the song contain metaphors found on The Greatest Showman songs.

The Greatest Showman is a musical drama film that aired in theaters around the world in 2017. The Film was written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and stars Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson and

Zendaya. The Greatest Showman is a musical drama film that aired worldwide in

2017. The film was written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starred Hugh

Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya.

Here are one example of The Greatest Showman‟s selected song lyric

Your electrified

We know, Human beings do not contain electricity, Electricity is a series of physical phenomena related to the presence and flow of electrical charge.

Electricity raises a wide range of commonly known effects, such as lightning. electric here is likened to strength. It mean that electrified is like he had a great enthusiasm for his life.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Based on explanation above, the writer wants to improve my knowledge about metaphor because it is important to learn and hopefully this study will be useful for reader.

1.2 Problem of The Study

1.What types of the metaphor are in The Greatest Showman‟s selected songs?

2. What is the meaning of each metaphor found in The Greatest Showman‟s

selected songs?

1.3 Objective of The Study

1. To explain the metaphor in types of simile, hyperbole, and

personification.

2. To explain the meaning of each metaphor in The Greatest Showman’s

selected songs.

1.4 Scope of The Study

Writer limits research only in the metaphor in types of simile, hyperbole

and personification . The writer has selected five songs out of eleven total

songs in The greatest showman movie, the songs are 'Rewrite the stars', '',

'This is me', 'Never enough', 'Million dreams' and „Come alive‟. The selected

songs contain metaphors as the reason why the authors are interested in

choosing this study.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 1.5 Significance of The Study

The reason writer choose the topic because the writer has an interest to the

songs that use many metaphor on their lyrics and has a deep message which

able to build awareness about life and feeling. Sometimes, someone uses

figurative language. In this paper the writer interested in discussing and

analyzing the metaphor in the lyrics of the song, because as we know many

songs are expressing feeling using figure of speech, without losing the

meaning. A lot of them are not familiar with the metaphor considers the song

was not interesting to heard. When using the metaphor the song become more

beautiful. The writer would like to express or describing metaphor in lyrics,

especially in The Greatest Showman‟s Selected songs.

1.6 Method of The Study

The method of writing research is descriptive method . Library research is

needed to support metaphorical analysis, collect some of the data and

information needed from relevant books. The writer also searched the internet

to enrich information related to the topic, using The Greatest Showman's own

songs lyrics to analyze the types and meanings of metaphor.

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Description of Metaphor

A Metaphor is a figurative language that is used to describe or describe a

matter by referring to other things that are thought to have similar characteristics

to something that would otherwise be described. example: "Her eyes are the stars

in the night sky."

While reading this sentence, I'm sure we all no one imagined a woman whose eyes were shining like a flashlight. This is called metaphor, where we describe something using other things as comparators. In this example this time that you want to explain is "eyes" and the thing that is used as a comparison is "star". The selection of other such references or comparators is based on the similarities of the qualities or characteristics of these two things. In this case, perhaps the one that is considered similar is that his "eye" is sparkling and beautiful like a "star" at night.

According to Bagus (1993:16), the lexical metaphor comes from the Greek word of metaand Phereinwhich means to move. The meaning originally refers to carrying the burden from one place to another. In the Bahasa Indonesia

Dictionary (2008:59), the definition of metaphor is pemakaian kata ataupun kelompok kata bukan dengan arti sebenarnya melainkan sebagai lukisan yang berdasarkan persamaan atau perbandingan. Misalnya, Soekarno singa podium yang ditakuti oleh Belanda. Singa podium dalam kalimat tersebut merupakan sebuah kiasan yang dapat diartikan bahwa Soekarno merupakan orator ulung

Universitas Sumatera Utara yang fasih berbicara sehingga kegarangannya menyerupai kegarangan seekor singa yang dijuluki raja rimba.

According to Ortony (1993: 3), for Aristotle, the main function of metaphor is as a stylist or rhetorical ornament, especially majas. Danesi (2004: 118) adds that the speech was used to beautify the expressions in poetry. In other words,

Aristotle was more concerned with metaphor as linguistic expression, not as a concept of thinking that produces these expressions.

Since it was proclaimed by Aristotle, metaphor has become one of the main fields of study in philosophy, linguistics and literary criticism in the West.

However, according to Punther (2007: 10-12), the emphasis on the function of metaphor as a rhetorical ornament resulted in the studies focusing only on efforts to distinguish literal and figurative languages. As a result, for almost 16 centuries metaphor was not regarded as an integral part of everyday philosophical and language discourse, and the notion of metaphor as a comparison between a foreign concept (topic) and another concept that was understood (image) that produced similarities (similarity points) between the two, which was later transferred to the topic so that understanding of it increased also did not undergo substantive changes.

This comparison theory is supported by Larson (1998: 271-271) who emphasizes that, like simile, metaphors are figurative expressions based on comparison. He explained that metaphors and similes are grammatical forms that represent two propositions in semantic structure. A proposition consists of a topic and an explanation of that topic. In the phrase "Teacher is the sun of the nation",

Universitas Sumatera Utara "teacher" is the topic and "is the sun of the nation" is an explanation. The relationship between the two propositions is a comparison in the explanation section. The explanation reveals similarities or shows certain similarity points. In the example above, the explanation section expresses the similarity between

"teacher" and "sun" as the giver 'light' and 'warmth'.

According to Aristotle's own rhetoric (Bagus, 1993:43), the metaphor refers to a word used in a changing sense. A form of speech where a word (phrase, statement) indicates something is applied to the other to give a similarity between those things. According to Gorys Keraf (2007:15) metaphor belongs to a figurative language style. First of all these styles are formed based on comparisons or equations. Through this path try to find traits that demonstrate the similarities between the two.

Meanwhile on the other hand the comparison itself contains two understandings. Comparisons include plain or direct language styles like He is just as expensive as his older brother while another form compares to figurative language, such as his teeth are like strands of sparkling pearls. The metaphoric style sees things through other objects. Metaphor as a direct comparison does not use words and so on, so the first point is directly the second point. One that compares, namely image, has several components of meaning and only one of the components of meaning that is relevant and also possessed by both, namely the topic.

Furthermore, Beekman and Callow explained that metaphor consists of three parts, namely

Universitas Sumatera Utara (a) topics, namely objects or things that are discussed;

(b) imagery, that is, the metaphorical part of this magazine which is used to describe the topic in a changing frame;

The third part that composes this metaphor is not always resolved explicitly.

Sometimes, one of the parts, namely the topic, part of the image, or the point of similarity is implied, as seen in the example.

„He is also Baldwin's legal eagle‟

The topic of the metaphor in the example above is 'he', while the image is 'eagle'.

However, the point of similarity that shows in terms of 'he' and 'eagle' is not explicitly mentioned. To find out the point of similarity, knowledge of the context of the metaphorical place is needed, an understanding of the meaning of the 'eagle' symbol in society and other implicit elements. Keraf calls metaphors included in the style of figurative language. This style is first formed based on comparisons or equations.

Comparing something with something else means trying to find traits that show similarities between the two things. Comparison actually contains two meanings, namely comparison which is included in the style of plain or direct language such as "He is as smart as his brother." While the other form is a comparison that is included in the style of figurative language, such as "His eyes

Universitas Sumatera Utara are like an eastern star". Based on this example, we can see the difference between direct language style and figurative language style.

Keraf (1994: 136) says that ordinary or direct comparisons include two members belonging to the same class of words, whereas comparisons in the form of figurative language include two things belonging to different word classes.

Keraf (1994: 137) says that to determine whether a comparison is a figurative language or not, three points should be considered:

1) first determine the class of the two things that are compared

2) pay attention to the level of similarity or difference between the two thing

3) consider the context in which the second trait is found. If there is no similarity, the comparison is figurative language.

Aristoteles uses the word analogy with quantitative and qualitative understanding. In quantitative terms, analogy is defined as the similarity or relation of identity between two pairs of terms based on a large number of similar characteristics. Whereas, in a qualitative sense, the analogy expresses the similarity of the relationship between two sets of terms. In this broader sense, the analogy then develops into figurative language. Metaphor according to Keraf

(1992: 137) is a qualitative analogy.

The word sweet in the phrase "sweet song" is a summary of the analogy that reads: "This song stimulates the ear" in a way that is as pleasing as sweets stimulating the taste buds. The expression of the motherland also contains a meaningful analogy: the relationship between the motherland and its people is the

Universitas Sumatera Utara same as the relationship between a mother and her children. This qualitative analogy is also used to create new terms by using human organs or animal organs.

For example a sea boat sailing on the sea then an airplane sailing in the air.

The metaphor mentioned by Keraf (1992: 139) is a kind of analogy that compares two things directly, but in a short form: national interest, land crocodile, baby, souvenirs, and so on. As a form of direct comparison, metaphors do not use words: like, like, like, like, and so on, so the first point is directly related to the second subject. If in a metaphor, we can still determine the basic meaning of its current connotation, then the metaphor is still alive. But if we can't determine the connotation anymore, then the metaphor is dead.

Meanwhile George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980:3) have different

opinions. For them, metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions. Rather the

submission in the conceptual system. In their view, the metaphor is not only a

mere dwell or limited to literary work or merely poetic expression. The metaphor

is wider than that.

Classification of metaphor as in following:

(1) Absolute Metaphor

A metaphor in which one of the terms can't be readily distinguished from the

other.

(2) Complex Metaphor

A metaphor in which the literal meaning is expressed through more than one

figurative term (a combination of primary metaphors).

Universitas Sumatera Utara

(3)Conceptual Metaphor

A metaphor in which one idea (or conceptual domain) is understood interms

of another.

(4)Conventional Metaphor

A familiar comparison that doesn't call attention to itself as a figure of

speech.

(5) Creative Metaphor

An original comparison that does call attention to itself as a figure of speech.

(6) Dead Metaphor

A figure of speech that has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness

through frequent use.

(7)Extended Metaphor

A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of

sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.

(8)Mixed Metaphor

A succession of incongruous or ludicrous comparisons.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

(9)Primary Metaphor

A basic intuitively understood metaphor such as knowing is seeing or tine is

motion that may be combined with other primary metaphors to produce

complex metaphors.

(10) Root Metaphor

An image, narrative, or fact that shapes an individual's perception of the world and interpretation of reality.

(11) Submerged Metaphor

A type of metaphor in which one of the terms (either the vehicle or tenor) is

implied rather than stated explicitly.

(12) Therapeutic Metaphor

A metaphor used by a therapist to assist a client in the process of personal

transformation.

(13) Visual Metaphor

The representation of a person, place, thing, or idea by way of a

visual imagethat suggests a particular association or point of similarity.

Universitas Sumatera Utara According to the above, the metaphor is present in the concept of daily life, such as time, circumstances, deeds, causation, and purpose. Examples of time phrases are money. Therefore, metaphors are everywhere. One of the most common uses of metaphor is in a song. Sometimes, it is easier to describe the meaning of the lyrics by using metaphor than the common language. And It is not only adding a beauty of the song but also to deepen the meaning. Comparing two things or more to explain the meaning makes a song more beautiful. There are so many of songs in this world which have different meaning or purpose, and the writer choose songs from The Greatest Showman.

2.2 Types of Metaphor

Based on the two things being compared and viewed in terms of figurative

language, the writer only divided the metaphor into three types:

2.2.1 Hyperbole

Extreme exaggeration, often with the intent of making a point or stimulating emotions.

There are examples:

This box weighs a ton!

My love is as great as the greatest mountain.

It is as deep as the deepest ocean.

It reaches around the world and brings you to me.

Universitas Sumatera Utara The obvious exaggeration of hyperbole clearly tells the listener that something is going on, and that the exaggeration is not to be taken literally. A common meaning is that the speaker has been surprised and that the hyperbole is being used to convey something of the emotion experienced. The exaggeration of hyperbole often is intended to prove more extreme emotions in its targets.

Hyperbole may thus be used as a prod to try to get people to feel something where a more accurate description would be less likely to evoke the desired response. This form is often found in gossip and by amazed children. The exaggeration of hyperbole may have positive intent. It may also be used in irony, painting something large when you really mean it is small. Hyperbole may also be used to push things to the limit, and is often used in conflict, such as when a person accuses another of 'never' doing what is wanted and 'always' doing what is wrong.

2.2.2 Personification

Personification, also known as "anthropomorphism," is the attribution of human qualities to non-human things. These can be objects, events, ideas, or even living, non-human things.

Examples:

1)"The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces. by James Joyce.

Universitas Sumatera Utara In this example, Joyce brings his scene to life by describing houses as

"conscious" of the families living within them and possessing "faces" with which they "gaze." Of course, none of this is meant to be taken literally; the houses are not truly alive. Instead, the description provides a sense of the atmosphere in the neighborhood. one of respectability and perhaps even privacy, in which even the houses seem to respect the "decent lives" they conceal and stand "imperturbable" in the knowledge of that decency.

2) "Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, / Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; / Conspiring with him how to load and bless / With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run" - "To Autumn" by John Keats

This example is interesting because in it, Keats directly addresses the season of autumn as if it were a person. He also refers to it as a "friend" to the sun, capable of "conspiring" to provide fruit to the season's vines. In this way, Keats ascribes human qualities to an abstract idea, the time of year.

2.2.3 Simile

A simile is a comparison between two unlike things, usually using the words

"like" or "as." The presence of these two words tends to make similes easy to identify on a test.

Examples:

1)"Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get."-

Forrest Gump

Universitas Sumatera Utara This simile uses the word "like" to compare "life" and "a box of chocolates," two things that we would normally think of as unrelated. The comparison helps to highlight the surprises life often brings our way. Just as we bite into a candy from a variety box of chocolates unsure if the center will be peanut butter or raspberry, we get out of bed each morning unsure what will happen over the course of the day.

2) "A parson is like a doctor, my boy: he must face infection as a soldier must face bullets." - Candida by George Bernard Shaw.

Here, we actually have two similes. The first simile uses the word "like" to compare the work of a churchman to the work of a doctor. The second simile uses

"as" to explain the nature of the connection between the two: both parsons and doctors must confront sickness in their daily work, just as a soldier must confront danger. Notice again that "parson" and "doctor" originally seem like dissimilar professions until the explanation that follows.

3) "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou are more lovely and more temperate. "Shakespeare,"Sonnet18"

Finally, this is an example of a sneaky simile that does not use "like" or "as."

However, note the telltale keyword "compare" in the opening question. Also note the seeming dissimilarity between the objects being compared: "thee" (a person, presumably the speaker's lover) and "a summer's day." The explanation that follows explains that the speaker's lover is both more beautiful and more agreeable than "a summer's day."

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER 3

THE DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE SPEECH

Language can be used in two ways - literally and figuratively. Literal language and direct use of real definition and meanings of words and phrases. But when we talk figuratively, the meaning of any phrase will depend on the context in which they are used. A figure of speech relies on such figurative language and rhetoric.

When using figures of speech the words will be translated from their literal meanings, to give a more stylized and specialized meaning to these words. Let us take for example the phrase "fast like lightning". This phrase simply implies great speed, it doesn't mean literally as fast as lightning. Example: "On hearing the school bell kids run out of the class as fast as lightning".

Now there are dozens of types of figures of speech. But here we will be focussing on the three types.

3.1 Hyperbole

Hyperbole is the use of obvious and deliberate exaggeration. In the song entitle “Rewrite the stars” , “ This is me” , “Come alive” has three hyperbole, and in the song “A million dreams” have been found two hyperbole.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

They are:

1) all I want is to fly with you

Human don't have wings to fly. when we fly we will feel a high, high place is a feeling of pleasure from someone's feelings, so flying is meant here is to feel things that are fun with someone who is expected.

2) all I want is to fall with you

“Fall” here doesn't mean it really falls, and no one wants to fall because of a fall causing pain. the word "fall" here is likened to feeling sadness and sorrow with the person who is expected.

3) I close my eyes and I can see

A person cannot see anything in a closed eye which we can feel is just dark. but it means that when someone closes their eyes there and can see it means that many things can be imagined.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4) A million dreams are keeping me awake

Dreams are things that can only be felt in a state of sleep and how can humans dream up to a million and make them still awake? but what is meant here is dreams are hopes that are being pursued by someone.

5) when the sharpest words wanna cut me down

Words are units of language that contain meaning. correct words cannot cut someone. but in the sense above, sharp words are equated with harsh words or sayings that can hurt someone's heart.

6) But I won't let them break me down to dust

the word break does not really break, even to dust, humans shouldn't break each other, and break someone to dust is impossible, the meaning of this lyrics is someone who is considered trivial because has a deficiency. So wants revenge.

7) These hands could hold the world

That does not mean she can hold the world. It's just exaggerating that she have ability to control everything. She treats herself as the ruler of the world which implies a queen for her own world.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 8) You stumble through your days

Too exaggeration, is impossible to stumble by the days. People stumble because of an object hit the foot. Day is the time that keeps changing. That is where we have passed difficult thing in our days. Someone who hesitated in going through the day, so he stumbled.

9) Cause your just a dead man walking

Dead man are people who can‟t move and not breathe anymore. The place of dead is graveyard, so it is impossible when a dead man can walking it show that the life of man is not cheerful, full of emptiness. Because death no longer has a sense of just emptiness.

10) cause your dreaming with your eyes wide open

Dream occur only when we are sleeping, but how to dream activities with our eyes wide open? Dreaming here mean is to pursue the ideals he has wanted during his life, and not during his life.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 3.2 Personification

Personification is giving human qualities to non human things. In the song entitle “This is me” has two personification, in the song “Never enough” and “

Rewrite the stars” has one personification, in the song “A million dreams” and “

Come alive” have been found four personification.

They are:

1) I’m gonna send a flood

the word “flood” here is likened to someone's revenge and is not an actual flood, or a disaster that will be brought from someone who is underestimated.

2) All the stars we steal from the nightsky never be enough

in general, no living creature can reach a star in the sky. but the meaning of all the above sentences is that the star is likened to achievement. someone's achievement that doesn't feel in vain if someone she loves leaves her.

3) what if we rewrite the stars?

the word "star" is likened to destiny, how the man sings the song in the lyrics aims to invite the woman to change their destiny or determine their own destiny.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4) the world that’s waiting up for me

the world cannot wait for you. the world is the whole world on earth or on it the whole world of the universe.

5)the world that’s waiting up for me that I call my own

The word "that" in is the world. You cannot call the world yours, because there are so many people living in the world and the world when you live is only one.

6) We can live in a world that we design

Human cannot design the world, because only God can design the world. what is meant is to regulate the way of life in its own way.

7) The brightest colors fill my head

The human head is an anatomical unit consisting of a skull, hyoid bone, and neck bone that cannot be filled with bright colors. bright colors here are likened to positive thoughts that are in head.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 8) And reaching for the sun

The sun is the center of the solar system that is larger than the earth and very hot. it is impossible for humans to reach the sun. reaching the sun here is likened to achieving their victory or their high hopes

9) Your electrified

Human do not produce electricity, it‟s exaggeration. It mean that he had a great enthusiasm for his life.

10) Ride your light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum . light is not to ride, but it mean that we can ride or control our way of life (light). We can control the light for our life.

11) and brighten up your darkest day

“brighten up your darkest day” mean make a sad day become a happy day by controlling mood. Bright here as a parable of the delight, and dark parable of the sadness.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 12) we’ll be the light that’s shining

This does not mean we truly become shining lights, the meaning of light shining here is the life that has turned brighter and is no longer filled with sadness.

3.3 Simile

A simile is a figure of speech that says that one thing is like another different thing. In the song entitle “A million dreams” and “Come alive” has one simile.

They are:

1)Through where no one’s been before but it feels like home

It has an expression using the word "like" followed by the word "home" as a parable.the meaning of the word "home" from the sentence, the house is the most comfortable place, the comfort of its owner.

2) Your skies' a shade of gray like a zombie in a maze.

When human skin changes color life zombie‟s skin, is the loss of enthusiasm from his life, because there is the color of gray, gray is a color that is not cheerful or sadness.

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion

Upon learning the definition of metaphor above and also after observing the example, this time the all must certainly realized that the meaning contained in metaphor is not an actual meaning, or in other words merely a metaphorical meaning. Metaphor is the use of language or phrase words or sentences not with the actual meaning contained in daily life. Metaphors are used in poetry, literature, and anytime someone wants to add some color to their language.There are so many metaphors in the lyrics of the song. After describing all the data of metaphor in The Greatest Showman‟s Selected Songs lyrics, the writer finds some metaphors in types hyperbole, personification, and simile related to the main problem being discussed at the previous chapter.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2 Suggestion

Metaphor states that one thing is another thing. metaphor equates two things as one not because they are the same, but for the sake of comparison or symbolism. Metaphor becomes the part of daily conversation to help conveying the messages. The writer proposes some suggestions in order to develop more research of metaphor.The writer would like to suggest the readers to analyze metaphor in other song lyrics. Metaphor is not only to be found in the song lyrics but also in the other literary work such as poem, novel, essay and others. The writers hopes, this paper will make the readers understand more about metaphor which exist in the song lyrics and the writer also hopes that this paper can be useful as a source book that will enrich reader‟s knowledge about metaphor because metaphor has been part of daily conversation to make ordinary language into a beautiful language. Therefore the writer would like to suggest those who are interested in literature may look at metaphor to be analyzed. Finally, the writer is welcoming for any critics and suggestions in order to make this paper is close to the perfection.

Universitas Sumatera Utara REFERENCES

Aminuddin, 1995. Stilistika : Pengantar Memahami Bahasa dalam Karya Sastra. Ikip Semarang Press.

Rokhmansyah,Alfian.2014. Studi dan Pengkajian Sastra : Perkenalan Awal Terhadap Ilmu Sastra. Graha Ilmu.

Selden, Raman.1991. Panduan Pembaca Teori Sastra Masa Kini. Gajah Mada University Press.

Sumarsono, 2007. Pengantar Semantik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Wellek, Rene, and Austin Warren.1993. Teori Kesusateraan.Jakarta:

Pt Gramedia.

Eka, Reza.(2015) Makalah Metafora Semantik. Retrieved from http://rezaekaw.blogspot.com

Pamunkas, Sri. (2010, March 23) Makna Figuratif (Metafora dan Metonimi). Retrieved from https://pusatbahasaalazhar.wordpress.com on 21 may 2019

Pengajarku, (2019, February 2) Majas Metafora (Pengertian,jenis,ciri dan Fungsinya). Retrieved from https://pengajar.co.id on 21 may 2019

Seputar Pengetahuan. (2017,March) Pengenalan Jenis Metafora dalam Semantik. Retrieved from https://www.seputarpengetahuan.co.id on 19 may 2019

The Different Types of Metaphors https://www.thoughtco.com/ on 7 july 2019

Wikipedia. (2019,March 29) The Greatest Showman. Retrieved from https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greatest_Showman on 19 may 2019

Universitas Sumatera Utara A.The Greatest Showman Movie

The Greatest Showman is a musical that will be on the big screen on December 29th 2017. The film is filled with a range of cool actors, with two Oscar-nominated actors, Hugh Jackman, who is best known for his role as Wolverine, and Michelle Williams who was once included in four Oscar nominations. Besides Hugh and Michelle, The Greatest Showman was also filled by Zac Efron, Zendaya, and Rebecca Ferguson.

The Greatest Showman tells about the life of Phineas Taylor Barnum, in establishing the first circus in the world. With music, this film will bring you into the life of Barnum and the special people around him who helped him make the greatest show in the world. there are following songs at the greatest showman movie:

1. "The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, The Greatest Showman Ensemble 2. "A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams 3. "Come Alive" – Jackman, Keala Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya 4. "The Other Side" – Jackman & Zac Efron 5. "Never Enough" – Loren Allred 6. "This Is Me" – Settle & Ensemble 7. "Rewrite the Stars" – Efron, Zendaya 8. "Tightrope" – Williams 9. "Never Enough (Reprise)" – Allred 10. "From Now On" – Jackman, Ensemble 11. "The Greatest Show" – Jackman, Efron, Settle, Zendaya, Ensemble

B. Selected Songs Lyrics

Universitas Sumatera Utara Rewrite the stars You know I want you It's not a secret I try to hide I know you want me So don't keep saying our hands are tied You claim it's not in the cards Fate is pulling you miles away And out of reach from me But you're here in my heart So who can stop me if I decide That you're my destiny? What if we rewrite the stars? Say you were made to be mine Nothing could keep us apart You'd be the one I was meant to find It's up to you, and it's up to me No one can say what we get to be So why don't we rewrite the stars? Maybe the world could be ours Tonight You think it's easy You think I don't want to run to you But there are mountains And there are doors that we can't walk through I know you're wondering why Because we're able to be Just you and me Within these walls But when we go outside You're going to wake up and see that it was hopeless after all No one can rewrite the stars How can you say you'll be mine? Everything keeps us apart And I'm not the one you were meant to find It's not up to you It's not up to me When everyone tells us what we can be How can we rewrite the stars? Say that the world can be ours Tonight All I want is to fly with you All I want is to fall with you So just give me all of you It feels impossible (it's not impossible) Is it impossible? Say that it's possible

Universitas Sumatera Utara How do we rewrite the stars? Say you were made to be mine? Nothing can keep us apart 'Cause you are the one I was meant to find It's up to you And it's up to me No one can say what we get to be And why don't we rewrite the stars? Changing the world to be ours You know I want you It's not a secret I try to hide But I can't have you We're bound to break and my hands are tied

A Million Dreams

I close my eyes and I can see The world that's waiting up for me That I call my own Through the dark, through the door Through where no one's been before But it feels like home They can say, they can say it all sounds crazy They can say, they can say I've lost my mind I don't care, I don't care, so call me crazy We can live in a world that we design 'Cause every night I lie in bed The brightest colors fill my head A million dreams are keeping me awake I think of what the world could be A vision of the one I see A million dreams is all it's gonna take A million dreams for the world we're gonna make There's a house we can build Every room inside is filled With things from far away The special things I compile Each one there to make you smile On a rainy day They can say, they can say it all sounds crazy They can say, they can say we've lost our minds I don't care, I don't care if they call us crazy Runaway to a world that we design Every night I lie in bed The brightest colors fill my head

Universitas Sumatera Utara A million dreams are keeping me awake I think of what the world could be A vision of the one I see A million dreams is all it's gonna take A million dreams for the world we're gonna make However big, however small Let me be part of it all Share your dreams with me You may be right, you may be wrong But say that you'll bring me along To the world you see To the world I close my eyes to see I close my eyes to see Every night I lie in bed The brightest colors fill my head A million dreams are keeping me awake A million dreams, a million dreams I think of what the world could be A vision of the one I see A million dreams is all it's gonna take A million dreams for the world we're gonna make For the world we're gonna make

Never Enough

I'm trying to hold my breath Let it stay this way Can't let this moment end You set off a dream in me Getting louder now Can you hear it echoing? Take my hand Will you share this with me? 'Cause darling without you All the shine of a thousand spotlights All the stars we steal from the nightsky Will never be enough Never be enough Towers of gold are still too little These hands could hold the world but it'll Never be enough Never be enough For me Never, never Never, never

Universitas Sumatera Utara Never, for me For me Never enough Never enough Never enough For me For me For me All the shine of a thousand spotlights All the stars we steal from the nightsky Will never be enough Never be enough Towers of gold are still too little These hands could hold the world but it'll Never be enough Never be enough For me Never, never Never, never Never, for me For me Never enough Never, never Never enough Never, never Never enough For me For me For me For me This Is Me

I am not a stranger to the dark Hide away, they say 'Cause we don't want your broken parts I've learned to be ashamed of all my scars Run away, they say No one'll love you as you are But I won't let them break me down to dust I know that there's a place for us For we are glorious When the sharpest words wanna cut me down I'm gonna send a flood, gonna drown them out I am brave, I am bruised I am who I'm meant to be, this is me Look out 'cause here I come

Universitas Sumatera Utara And I'm marching on to the beat I drum I'm not scared to be seen I make no apologies, this is me Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh, oh Another round of bullets hits my skin Well, fire away 'cause today, I won't let the shame sink in We are bursting through the barricades and Reaching for the sun (we are warriors) Yeah, that's what we've become (yeah, that's what we've become) I won't let them break me down to dust I know that there's a place for us For we are glorious When the sharpest words wanna cut me down I'm gonna send a flood, gonna drown them out I am brave, I am bruised I am who I'm meant to be, this is me Look out 'cause here I come And I'm marching on to the beat I drum I'm not scared to be seen I make no apologies, this is me Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh, oh This is me and I know that I deserve your love (Oh-oh-oh-oh) 'cause there's nothing I'm not worthy of (Oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh, oh) When the sharpest words wanna cut me down I'm gonna send a flood, gonna drown them out This is brave, this is proof This is who I'm meant to be, this is me Look out 'cause here I come (look out 'cause here I come) And I'm marching on to the beat I drum (marching on, marching, marching on) I'm not scared to be seen I make no apologies, this is me When the sharpest words wanna cut me down I'm gonna send a flood, gonna drown them out I'm gonna send a flood Gonna drown them out

Universitas Sumatera Utara Oh This is me

Come Alive

You stumble through your days Got your head hung low Your skies' a shade of grey Like a zombie in a maze You're asleep inside But you can shake away 'Cause you're just a dead man walking Thinking that's your only option But you can flip the switch and brighten up your darkest day Sun is up and the color's blinding Take the world and redefine it Leave behind your narrow mind You'll never be the same Come alive, come alive Go and ride your light Let it burn so bright Reaching up To the sky And it's open wide You're electrified When the world becomes a fantasy And you're more than you could ever be 'Cause you're dreaming with your eyes wide open And you know you can't go back again To the world that you were living in 'Cause you're dreaming with your eyes wide open So, come alive! I see it in your eyes You believe that lie That you need to hide your face Afraid to step outside So you lock the door But don't you stay that way No more living in those shadows You and me we know how that goes 'Cause once you see it, oh you'll never, never be the same We'll be the light that's turning Bottle up and keep on shining

Universitas Sumatera Utara You can prove there's more to you You cannot be afraid Come alive, come alive Go and ride your light Let it burn so bright Reaching up To the sky And it's open wide You're electrified When the world becomes a fantasy And you're more than you could ever be 'Cause you're dreaming with your eyes wide open And we know we can't be go back again To the world that we were living in 'Cause we're dreaming with our eyes wide open So, come alive! Come one! Come all! Come in! Come on! To anyone who's bursting with a dream Come one! Come all! You hear The call To anyone who's searching for a way to break free Break free! Break free! When the world becomes a fantasy And you're more than you could ever be 'Cause you're dreaming with your eyes wide open And we know we can't be go back again To the world that we were living in 'Cause we're dreaming with our eyes wide open (Hey!) When the world becomes a fantasy And you're more than you could ever be 'Cause you're dreaming with your eyes wide open And we know we can't be go back again To the world that we were living in 'Cause we're dreaming with our eyes wide open 'Cause we're dreaming with our eyes wide open

Universitas Sumatera Utara