Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Elaeocarpus Ganitrus () Medicinal Use in Modern Time

Amita Tilak* 1, Sudhir Singh Gangwar2, R. N. Thakur3, Ranjana Sharma4 G.S.V.M.Medical College Kanpur, UP, India

Abstract: Ganitrus is a which is animals, particularly as a source of food. So man probably has been used for medicinal and spiritual had to differentiate between harmful, poisonous, department from mythological time. This plant is a and useful natural products. Some were found large ever-green tree inhabitant to India, Nepal functional as food whereas others had favorable and Indonesia, Australia, Java and other country effects against various diseases 1-3. This is how the is prominent for its natural electromagnetic information of drugs from natural sources got frequently known as Rudraksha. The species belong developed. The recovery of plant based medicine is to genus Elaeocarpus have been claimed to exhibit mainly due to the mounting evidence and Antiageing, Antianxiety, Antidepressant, realization of the health hazards associated with the Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Sedative, harmful side effects of many synthetic medicines Anticonvulsive, Antihypertensive and antifungal and also the hazards associated with the properties . have indiscriminate use of modern medicine such as implausible power to control brain electromagnetic antibiotics, and other synthetic drugs. The impulse so it helps human brain to focus on a increasing popularity in plant-based drugs is now single target and help us to make use of our brain felt all over the world leading to a fast growing power ultimately and look after our brain from market for plant based drugs / pharmaceuticals, malevolent thought and activity. It affects both the nutraceuticals, functional foods and even cosmetics grey matter and white matter of our nervures product4-5. Elaeocarpus ganitrus plant, having system so some time develops the 6th sense in our ethno medicinal claims, with regards to their body. owing to its constructive electromagnetic phytoconstituent, pharmacological profiles and property it control body bioelectrical energy there other allied activities. The species belonging by heals continually various diseases like BP, Elaeocarpus have been claimed to exhibit Heart Rate, and Diabetics, Antiageing, Sedative, Antiageing, Antianxiety, and Antidepressant, gynecological problem, Antianxiety neurological Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Sedative, disorders, mental problem, spiritual gain, Anticonvulsive, Antihypertensive and antifungal insomnia, rheumatism, Antiageing and properties 6. immunomodulatory property, Developing six sense, Antibacterial and other medicinal problem. This ELAEOCARPUS GANITRUS ROXB. present review focus to explain botanical, ethno medicinal, pharmacological, Biological property of Elaeocarpus is a genus and included to family Elaeocarpus Ganitrus seed or Rudraksha to contains tropical and subtropical modern time. evergreen trees and shrubs of india . Nearly 400 species of Elaeocarpus trees are found around the Keywords: Rudraksha, Antiageing, electromagnetic world. It is widely distributed from Madagascar in impulse, Elaeocarpus Ganitrus the west through India, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Southern China, and Japan, through Australia to Introduction: are across the world New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the east with its recognized as a vital component of the world’s approximately 350 species. About 120 species biological diversity and an essential resource for the belonging to this genus from diverse parts of Asia planet. The art of healing has its origin in the and out of this, 25 species occur in India only7-8 antiquity of human civilization. One of the oldest human activities was the study of plants and

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Figure: Elaeocarpus ganitrus

Fig: Elaeocarpus ganitrus Plant Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. Elaeocarpus ganitrus helps therapeutic healing of various body diseases chronically due to its electromagnetic property also by virtue of acupressure and biomagnetic therapy and Kingdom: Plantae; Subkingdom: Tracheobionta; piezoelectric consequence that define it has the Superdivison;spermatophyta;Division: ability to generate electric charge in response to Magnoliophyta;Class: Magnoliopsida; Subclass: applied mechanical stress. When it touches to Dillenlidae; Order: Malvales; Family: human body it control human bioelectric energy Elaeocarpaceae; and give the wearer better coordination with his Genus:Elaeocarpus;Species:ganitrus. Botanical body and mind giving better concentration, mental Source: Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb10-11. strength and Antiageing property8-9.

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Vernacular Name(s) English Litrasum bead Bengali Rudrakaya Hindi Rudraksha Kannada Rudrakshi Rudraksha Tamil Aakkam Telugu Akkamrudrakai Greek Elaeocarpus Medicinal use of Elaeocarpus beads according to Ayurveda Types of Rudrakasha Uses One Face Rudrakasha bead This type of Rudraksha symbolizes Lord himself. It enhance the mental concentration and mental constitution of the wearer. Useful for headache, heart disease, blood pressure and right eye imperfection.

Two Faces Rudrakasha bead First-class for mental peace and pregnancy. Employ for left eye defect, diseases of heart, lung, brain, kidney and intestine. It gives a of happy family, improved relationships with all people around as well as getting a suitable match.

Three faces Rudrakasha bead optional for: Blood defect, plague, small pox, digestive problems, blood pressure, weakness, disturbed menstrual cycle, spontaneous abortion and ulcer. It is helpful for those people also who experience self hatred or mental stress and it makes a person energetic via freeing him from laziness. Mental Peace.

Four Faces Rudrakasha bead Utilize for Mental disease, paralysis, arthritis, yellow fever, and nasal disease.

Five Faces Rudrakasha bead Recommended for: Bone marrow, liver, kidney, feet, thigh, ear, diseases of fat and diabetes. Six Faces Rudrakasha bead optional for: Eyes, reproductive organs, urinary tract, prostate, mouth and throat. Seven Faces Rudrakasha bead Recommended for: Weakness, colic pain, handicappers, pain in bone and muscles, paralysis, long term disease, impotency, worries and hopelessness. Eight Faces Rudrakasha bead Recommended for: Lung, feet, skin and eye catarrhisis, hydrosol, airtracia. This Rudraksha also increases the stability of mind so that the wearer is able to remain more peaceful and calm. Nine Faces Rudrakasha bead Recommended for: Lung diseases, fever, eye pain, bowel pain, skin disease, body pain. Ten Faces Rudrakasha bead Recommended for: Pacifying all the bad planets effect on our body. Eleven Faces Rudrakasha bead Maintenance of entire neurophysiology, neuronal disorder. Twelve Faces Rudrakasha bead Use for Heart, lung, and skin disease, hiatus of stomach, esophagus, and bowel problems. Thirteen Faces Rudrakasha bead Recommended for: and spiritual attainments Fourteen Faces Rudrakasha bead Safety and riches, provides miraculous cures to several ailments. This Rudraksha activates the Ajna Chakra located between the two Eyebrows thereby giving the wearer an ability to create in your mind the future so that he is able to make correct decisions. Fifteen Faces Rudrakasha bead It is best for curing diseases like skin diseases, recurring miscarriage, still birth etc. Fifteen mukhi Rudraksha is deliberate as an approval for women who are incapable to imagine and in such case both the partner should wear it for fruitfulness. Sixteen Faces Rudrakasha bead It is used for curing the diseases like leprosy, tuberculosis, cor-pulmonale, lung diseases, etc. Seventeen Faces Rudrakasha It is best for the treating diseases like memory lapse, body functional bead disorders, etc. Eighteen Faces Rudrakasha bead Its treatment is best for prevent and curing diseases like mental in

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

harmonization, loss of power, etc. Nineteen Mukhi Rudraksha bead Nineteen Mukhi Rudrakasha eradicate the diseases like blood disorder, spinal disorder etc. Twenty Mukhi Rudrakasha bead It is used as medical cure for eyesight problem and snake bites. Twenty One Mukhi Rudrakasha Only twenty one Mukhi Rudraksha has deep-rooted medical healing and it bead eliminates every form of diseases. Trijuti/Tribhagi Rudrakasha bead Trijuti Rudrakasha is best for keeping diseases like internal and external body disorders at bark. Gauri Shankar Rudrakasha bead It is used for the treatment of diseases like sexual problems, behavioral disorders, etc. Ganesh Rudrakasha It is used for wisdom, learning, prudence, and power.

Elaeocarpus Ganitrous Rudraksha

Antiageing, Immunomodulatory Elaeoctomagnetic property, mental peace property and nervous disease

Accupressure and Pzeoelectric property Biomagnetic effect

Previous pharmacological Study: (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb) in experimentally induced acute  Sarma JK et al., (2004). Study the hypertension by adrenaline and nicotine. Evaluation of the Effect of Rudraksha Study was done in 6 anaesthetized cats (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb) In having comparable body mass and age. 90 Adrenaline and Nicotine Induced % Ethanol extracts of Elaeocarpus Hypertension: Author done the study to ganitrus Roxb was injected intravenously highlights the action of Rudraksha to cats. Blood pressure was measured by

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

using Pressure transducer and Polyrite conventionally used in India and other (INCO). Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Roxb) Asian countries from ancient time. The reduces adrenaline induced hypertension methanolic extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and also normal blood pressure; but it is seeds Rudraksha were evaluated for not effective in nicotine induced immunomodulatory activity using in vitro hypertension. The consequence of the and in vivo methodologies. Result of the drug was found when the water soluble extract at a range of concentrations (832 - portion of the extract was specified to cats 6.5 μg/ml) on secretion of mediators like in a dose of 15mg / kg body weight12. nitric oxide, superoxide and lysosomal  Kumar T S et al., (2008) have studied the enzyme from isolated murine peritoneal Ethanolic extract of of Elaeocarpus macrophages were evaluated. The extract ganitrus for their total antioxidant give important stimulation of release of capacity, reducing power, metal chelating, nitric oxide (at 416, 104, 52 μg/ml), ABTS+ (2, 2-azinobis-(3- superoxide (at 416, 208 μg/ml) and ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical lysosomal enzyme (at 208, 104 μg/ml). scavenging and hydroxyl radical The extract was also evaluated for in vivo scavenging activities. The extract at 500 phagocytic activity by carbon clearance μg/ml showed maximum Iron chelating test in mice and it show considerable activity (76.70%) followed by the increase in the phagocytic index at 100 scavenging of the ABTS+ radical and 200mg/kg dose. The outcome of the (55.77%) at the same concentration. extract in delayed type hypersensitivity However, the extract showed only (DTH) and antibody titre assay were moderate hydroxyl radical scavenging tested in ovalbumin immunized mice. The activity (13.43%). Total antioxidant extract showed important stimulation of capacity was found to be 24.18 mg DTH response at 200 mg/kg dose and ascorbic acid equivalents at 500? g/ml antibody titer at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose. extract concentration. There was a positive The outcome of EGM extract in correlation between the total phenolic cyclophosphamide induced content and antioxidant capacity, R2 = myelosuppressed mice was not 0.8547, whereas the correlation between noteworthy. The results suggest that EGM the total and antioxidant influences both non-specific capacity was determined to be R2=0.8413. (phagocytosis) and specific (cell mediated The results suggest that phenolic and and humoral) arms of body immune Flavanoids in the leaves provide structure15. substantial antioxidant activity13  Kumar G et al., (2010) Studied In vitro  Sakat SS et al., (2009) studied antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract Antihypertensive effect of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus leaves .Author done the In of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. Seeds in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous renal artery occluded: Aqueous extract of extract of E. ganitrus leaves against Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. Seeds clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi. The Rudraksha powder was evaluated extract show extensive antimicrobial act designed for its antihypertensive action in as it show growth inhibition designed for renal artery occluded hypertensive rats. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Male Wistar rats (180-200g) were injected Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas with aqueous extract of E. ganitrus for 6 aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, weeks. Hypertension was induced in Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, animals by clamping the renal artery with Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. Agar renal bulldog clamp for 4 h. Ischemia of well diffusion method is used for the kidneys causes rise of blood pressure determining antibacterial activity of the by launch of the renin-angiotensin system. crude extracts for that aqueous extract of Elevated blood pressure of the animals E. ganitrus leaves was tested for was drastically increase renin-angiotensin antibacterial activity against three gram system significantly14 positive (B. cereus S.aureus and M.  Amolkumar KH et al., (2010) studied the luteus) and three gram negative bacteria Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects (P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. of methanol extract of Elaeocarpus pneumoniae), isolated from the ganitrus seeds the seeds of Rudraksha experimental sample. The extract (Elaeocarpus ganitrus) have been exhibited brilliant antibacterial activity next to all the bacterial cultures excluding

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

M. luteus. Antifungal activity of the crude entries in the open arms of the elevated extracts was examined through the agar plus-maze (EPM) and decreased the well diffusion method. Antifungal activity percentage of time-spent in the closed of the extract was tested alongside three arms of EPM. Moreover, it prolonged the molds (Penicillium sp, A. niger and A. ketamine-induced latency to sleep but had flavus) and two yeast (C. albicans and C. no noteworthy effects on total sleeping tropicalis), isolated from scientific time induced by ketamine. in addition, the samples16. locomotor activity was affected but not  Tripathy S et al.,(2016a) studied like the same extent as practical for Rudraksha Antiageing and diazepam. The anxiolytic effects of immunomodulatory property by help of methanol extract Elaeocarpus sphaericus Indian naga . Medicinal property fruits may be correlated to their content of was studied by checking the wearer blood Flavanoids. This study validates the sample for immune system and wearer traditional use of the plant in control of BP, Diabetics, heart rate, hemoglobin for anxiety. physical fitness. If anyone claims to be  Rao K.S et al., (2012) Conduct healthy that means his immune system Experimental studies to set up the WBC should be most favorable level antidiabetic potential of chitosan based beside with heart bit, BP and blood sugar. Extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and In the pathological experiment an effort antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of has been complete to assemble the Elaeocarpus ganitrus. In the experimental Antiageing property of Rudraksha with study on rats were used for experimental Blood sample and BP heart rate of Naga procedure. It was found that chitosan Sadhu who practice and meditation based extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and regular wearer of Rudraksha17. produced hypoglycemic effect in normal  Tripathy S et al.,(2016b) Author studied rats. The study indicates clinically natural prevention technique of harmful important antidiabetic activity of radiations of mobile phone by the help of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in diabetic rats. Elaeocarpus Ganitrus seed Rudraksha. Study indicates clinically significant Pathological experiment shows that antidiabetic activity of Elaeocarpus mobile phone radiation is destructive to ganitrus in diabetic rats. The chitosan human body affecting blood density, based extract improved the antidiabetic hemoglobin. RBC and WBC and also activity of Elaeocarpus ganitrus clearly cause high BP and abnormal heart rate But demonstrating synergism. This reduction when people wear Rudraksha bead like of blood glucose is greater in diabetic rats embellishment touching skin of human when compared to normal rats body due to its positive electromagnetic  Rauniar G.P et al, (2012) have possessions it undermine the harm full investigate anxiolytic effect of effect of mobile phones radiation and Elaeocarpus ganitrus in comparison with additional scientific revision is necessary Diazepam 1mg/kg in 60 mice using open to show the procedure how the plant bead field test and passive avoidance apparatus is giving protection from Radio frequency in six experimental groups and data were electromagnetic fields (RFEMF) produced analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.There by mobile phone. This Rudraksha bead was a significant increase in number of when people wear practicing yoga and square crossed, time spent in central meditation it also gives amazing result and square and rearing behavior of animal. person’s heart rate become less than There was also decreased significantly normal value like well train athlete do. time prolongation in Step down latency  Gagan S et al.,(2010) studied Anxiolytic and increase of attempts in step down effects of Elaeocarpus sphaericus fruits on errors as well as time spent in the shock the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety zone. Elaeocarpus ganitrus showed in mice Author do the Anxiolytic effects anxiolytic effect but there is need to find of Elaeocarpus sphaericus fruits on the out safety, efficacy and the exact elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mechanism of action of this herbal mice by the help of methanolic extract of remedies. It was also seen that there was Elaeocarpus sphaericus fruits at the dose significant decrease in step down latency of 200 mg/kg amplified the percentage of as well as significant increase in step time-spent and the percentage of arm down error and time spent in shock zone

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

by animals. It shows Elaeocarpus ganitrus Conclusion: After studying above scientific script has central nervous system. and scientific manuscript we have to finish off that  Singh B et al., (2013) studied for different species of Elaeocarpus have different Estimation of Quercetin, an Anxiolytic medicinal use in the field of medical science due to Constituent, in Elaeocarpus ganitrus. the presence of various Phytochemical and its Quercetin as the anxiolytic constituent of electromagnetic property. Elaeocarpus ganitrus Elaeocarpus ganitrus used to standardize species have pharmacological activities like anti the plant material. Quercetin was used as a asthmatic, antidepressant, Antianxiety, antidiabetic, reference standard for determining its ant oxidative, antiviral, antitumor and content in E. ganitrus beads by means of antihypertensive activities. Rudraksha can be use TLC densitometry. An HPTLC as a medicinal tool for various Antiageing, densitometric technique has been Immunomodulatory property and nervous disorder. urbanized to expect quercetin in E. Reference: ganitrus beads as a result that plant can be standardized on the base of its bioactive 1. Chopra RN, Nayar SL and Chopra IC. marker. Two methods were followed (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal projected for preparing the test samples Plants, New Delhi, India: Council of for determining the quercetin content. Scientific and Industrial Research. p. 2. Firstly, quercetin was get in the ethanol extract of the plant material. It was also 2. Dastur JF. (1970). Medicinal Plants of determined in the acid hydrolyzed ethanol India and Pakistan, 3rd Indian ed. Bombay, extract, in order to free quercetin from its India: D.B. Taraporevala Sons and Co... p. O-. Quercetin content in the 198-201. hydrolyzed ethanol extract (0.11% w/w) 3. Dey KL and Mair W. (1973). The of E. ganitrus beads was found to be about Indigenous Drugs of India. 2nded. New 4 times more than in the ethanol extract Delhi, India: Pama, Primlane. p. 186-87. prepared by direct method (0.03% w/w). 4. Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS, Results showed that quercetin occurs in E. Soejarto DD, Guo Z. (1985).Medicinal ganitrus beads in the form of glycoside. plants in therapy. Bull W H O 63.965–981 Found that Rudraksha contains 5. Farnsworth, N.R. and Morris, R.W. (1976) indolizidine type of Alkaloids. Two of the Higher plants – the sleeping giant of drug alkaloids are alike (-)-isoelaeocarpiline development. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 148. and (+)-elaeocarpiline eariler isolated 46–52 from E. dolichostylis. The other alkaloids 6. Hardainiyan S, Nandy BC, Kumar K are Elaeocarpidine, (+)-Elaeocarpine, (+)- (2015) b. Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Isoelaeocarpin, (+)-Epiisoelaeocarpiline, (Rudraksha): A Reservoir Plant with their (+) – Epiialloelaeocarpiline, (-) – Pharmacological Effects. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Alloelaeocarpiline, (+)– Rev. Res. 34(1).P. 55-64 Pseudoepiisoelaeocarpiline, Rudrakine 7. Tripathy S, Middha A, Swain S. R. (2016)  Anusha et al., (2014) have screened the g. Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Rudraksha), the extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus for its Amazing Electromagnetic Bead of Nature hepatoprotective activity in carbon to Redeem Mankind from Disease, tetrachloride induced liver damage in Sickness and Medicinal Problem. World Wister albino rats. The extracts at dose of Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 250, 750 mg/kg were administered orally Sciences 5(9). P.1079-1099 once daily. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of serum 8. http://www.rudraksha-center.com/types-of- glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase rudraksha.html (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate 9. Sharma J.K.and Bhyan G.C. (2004). An transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline experimental Evaluation of the effect of phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, SOD Rudrakhya (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb) in and catalase were restored towards adrenaline and nicotine induced normalization significantly by the extracts. hypertension. Ancient Science of Life. Silymarin was used as standard reference 23(4). 1-10 and exhibited significant hepatoprotective 10. Kumar K et al., (2008). A study on the activity against carbon tetrachloride impact on stress and anxiety through Yoga induced hepatotoxicity in rats Nidra. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 7(3). 401-404

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11. Sakat SS, Wankhede SS, Juvekar AR, Mali VR, Bodhankar SL. (2009). Antihypertensive activity of aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. Seeds in renal artery occluded hypertensive rats, International Journal of Pharma Tech Research, 1. 779-782 12. K. Hule Amolkumar, Juvekar and Archana R. (2010). Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of methanol extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seeds. Journal of natural remedies. 10(1). 1-10. 13. Kumar G, Karthik L, Rao K.V.B. (2010). In vitro anti-candida activity of Calotropis gigantea against clinical isolates of Candida. J Pharmacy Res. 3(3). 539-542 14. Tripathy S, Middha A, Swain S. R. (2016) . An Experimental Pathological Study of Blood and Urine to Show Antiageing And Immunomodulatory Property Of Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Seed (Rudraksha). World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(9).1685-1696 15. Tripathy S, Dixit P, Seth P. (2016) a. Experimental Pathological Study of Cell Phone’s Harmful Effect on Blood, BP and Heart Rate with Its Protection by Natural Electromagnetic seed Rudraksha. Am. J. Pharm Health Res. 4(7). 132-149.

16. Gagan S, Richa S, Avninder M, Sandeep R, Vivek P. (2010). Anxiolytic effects of Elaeocarpus sphaericus fruits on the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mice. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research. 2(3). 1781-1786 17. Rao K.S, Rao O.U, Aminabee S.K, Rao C.R.M, Rao A.L (2012). Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic potential of chitosan aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus Ganitrous. IJRPC. 2(2). 428-441. 18. Rauniar G.P and Sharma M. (2012). Evaluation of anxiolytic effect of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in mice. 10(2). 108-12 19. Singh B, Ishar MPS and Sharma A. (2013). Estimation of Quercetin an Anxiolytic constituent, in Elaeocarpus ganitrus. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Photochemistry. 1(6). 117-20. 20. Anusha, Janarthan M. (2014). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Elaeocarpus ganitrus leaf extract against CCl4 induced liver damage. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences.7 (4).336-44

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