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Research in Foreign Language Teaching Methodology REPOR TRESUMES ED 013 018 FL 000 521 RESEARCH IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY. BY- ORNSTEIN, JACOC LACO, ROCERT PUD DATE MAR 67 FORS FRICE MF-10.25 HC-,I0.76 19P. DESCRIPTORS- '?SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING, *LANGUAGE RESEARCH, *TEACHING METHOCS, ''.'LANGUAGE LACORATORIES, tRESCARCHREVIEWS (PUBLICATIONS), METHODOLOGY, MODERN LANGUAGES, LACORATORY EQUIPMENT, PROWRAME0 INSTRUCTION, AUTOINSTRUCTIONALAICS, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHERS, A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTSAND PUOLICATIONS, MAINLY FROM THE UNITED STATES, ON THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES REVEALS MANY IMFORLNT SOURCES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATIONON MANY FRi-OtEMS. THE NEED TO SUMMARIZE, CLASSIFY,AND CLARIFY IS URGCNT. AMONG CURRENT RESEARCH, TWO DASIC TYFESARE DISTINGUI:7HAME--.THOSE CONCERNED WITH CROAD-SCALE COMPARISONS OF TW.1 PC;i4X)S OR SYSTEMS OF TEACHING, AND THOSEWHICH CONCENT,-; ON A SPECIFIC LIMITED FROCLEM. THE SAMEDICHOTOMY IS c:ICL IN THE RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE SPECIM _'E OF THE LANGUAGE LACORATORY IN TEACHING.AN ANALYSE& , RESULTS OF METHODOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE SOVIET UNION, Fr A.CE, AND GERMANY UNDERLINES THE ADVANTAGESTO CE GAINED .1 AN INTIMATE COLLAEORATION AMONG RESEARCHERS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ATLANTIC. MANY EXTREMELY FROMISINGRESEARCH PROCLEMS ARE IN NEED OF A CONCERTED ANDINTERDISCIPLINARY ATTACK, AIDED CY THE RICH TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCESNOW AT OUR DISPOSAL. AMONG SEVERAL PROPOSED TARGETS OFINVESTIGATION ARE (1) A STUDY OF THE APPROPRIATE AMOUNTS AND ORDEROF EXPOSURE TO THE FOUR ACTIVITIES OF LISTENING, SPEAKING,READING, AND WRITING,(2) RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUSTYPES OF VISUAL AIDS FOR SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF LEARNING,AND (3) INVESTIGATION OF NEEDS IN LEXICOGRAPHY IN ORDER TO STIMULATE THE FROCUCTION OF IMPROVED GLOSSARIES ANDDICTIONARIES FOR STUDENT USE. THIS ARTICLE APPEARED IN THE "INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING,"VOLUME 5, NUMBER 1, MARCH 1967, PAGES 11-25.(JH) 1 M 21010 F International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching Revue Internationale de Linguistique Appliquee: Enseignement des Langues Internationale Zeitschrift fir angewandte Linguistik in der Spracherziehung Editor: Prof. Dr. B. Malmberg/Paris Editorial Advisory Board: John B. Carroll, Harvard UniversityAhalya Chari, Regional College of Education Mysore A. Culioli, Universite de Paris Anwar S. Dil, Linguistic Re- as search Group of Pakistan LahoreHans Glinz, Uni- if = versitat Zurich and Padagogische Akademie Kettwig Max Gorosch, University of StockholmG. Gougen- heim, Universite de ParisAlfred Hayes, Center for Applied Linguistics Washington D. C.F. Irmen, Uni- versitat HeidelbergW. Lambert, Mc Gill University A. Martinet, Universite de Paris Christine A. E. M. Mohrmann, Secretary of CIPL P. B. Pandit, Uni- versity of New DelhiB. Pattison, University of Lon- V/1 (1967) donB. Quemada, Universite de Besancon R. Quirk, University of LondonP. D. Strevens, University of (March) Leeds Julius Groos Verlag Heidelberg ContentsSommaire - Inhalt Vol. V '1 (1967) B. Malmberg: Applied Linguistics 1 SURVEYS ANI) GENERAL ARTICLES: A. Valdman : Nome Pedagogique: Les Structures Interro- gatives du Francais 3 I. O rnstein //F. Lad o: Research in Foreign Language Teaching Me- thodology. .. 11 RESEARCH PROJECTS AND REPORTS: E. H. Rock lyn The Development and Test of a Special Purpose Foreign Language Training Concept. 27 ANNOUNCI MENT 37 REVIEWS 39 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED 49 Coming issues will include the following articles: M. de Car v al 11 o (Heidelberg): Periphrastische Pradikatsformen mit Modalverben im Portugiesischen als (Jbersetzung von Adverbien and adverbiellen Bestimmungcn bci finiten Vcrben im Deutschen. M. G 4) rose h (Stockholm) ): Teaching by Telephone: An Experiment in Language Teaching. W.F. Mack eN Sava r d (Quebec): The Indices of Coverage: A New Dimension in Lexi- comctrics. M. Sh. Pi Ila i (Annamalainagar): Problems in Teaching Tamil to Foreign Students. E. SpilenY/Pepr nik (Olomouc): Foreign Language Teaching Picture as Organised System. © 1963 Julius Groos Verlag 6900 Heidelberg/Germany, Gaisbergstralie 6-8 P. O. Box 629. Cabie Address: Groos Heidelberg Banking Account no. 02/52%38 Deutsche Bank Heidelberg "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY (TED MATERIAL HAS BEES GRANTED Editor: Prof. Dr. Bertil Malmberg Universite de Paris, Institut dc Phonetique NY Geces 19, rue des Bernardins, Paris Ve /France TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING Published quarterly UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE U.S. OFFICE OF Erscheint vierteljahrlich EDUCATION. FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE Europe (excl. France) Overseas (excl. USA) THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER," DM 38. (US$ 9.50) DM 39. (US$ 9.75) Institutional DM 42, (US$ 10.:0) DM 43. (US$ 10.75) Single Copies DM 10.50 (US$1.6;. DM 11. (US$ 2.75) Postage included France: Price: NF 60Sole agency: Marcel Didier 4 ct 6, rue de la Sorbonne Paris V USA: Price: US$ 10.75 Sole Agency: Chilton Books, A Division of Chilton Company East Washington Square 525 Loc-,Street Philadelphia 6, Penna. (19106) 0005',U RESEARCH IN FOREIGN LANG UAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY') Jacob Ornstein and Robert Lado L'article passe en revue, d'une maniere selective, les recherches actuelles,surtout aux Etats-Unis, sur la methodologie de l'enseignement des langues etrangeres. II indique quelques sources importantes de soutien i la recherche et de documenta- tion sur les recherches en cours. A titre d'exemple, quelques projects de recherche methodologique sont esquisses. Les auteurs en distinguent deux types les etudes qui comparent globalement deux fawns ou deux systemes d'enseigner, et celles qui se concentrent sur une question pedagogique nettement delimitee. On trouve la meme paire de tendances dans les recherches effectuies pour determiner le role propre du laboratoire des langues darts l'enseignement. Les resultats des etudes globales comparatives sont decevants, cause du grand nombre d'imponderables qui entrent en jeu ;la preference des auteurs va nettement vers les recherches qui sont concentrees sur des questions precises et bien delimitecs, car celles -la sont plus susceptibles d'apporter des solt.tions. Quelques experiences methodologiques en URSS, en France et en Allemagm:sont cities pour souligner l'interet reel qu'offre une collaboration plus intime entre chercheurs des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Pour terminer, Itss auteurs esquissent plus d'une douzaine de themes de recherche prometteurs, qui attendent une attaque concertee et inter-disciphuzire, Wee par les riches ressources technologiqu,:s dont on dispose actuellement. Der Artikel berichtet fiber eintge ausgewahlte Kapitel der gegenwartigen Forschung (vor allem in den USA) im Bereich der Methodik des Fremdsprachenunterrichts. Er zeigt einige wichtige Hilfsquellen flit- die Forschung und fiir die Dokumentation fiber laufende Projekte. /Vs Beispiel werden einige Projekte der methodologischen Forschung skizziert. Die Verfasser unterscheiden clabei zwei Typen: Studien, die umfassend zwei Unterrichtsarten oder Systeme vergleichen und solche, die sich auf eine klar abgegrenzte p'tdagogische Frage konzentrieren. Diese beiden Richtungen zeigen sich auch in Studien, die durchgefiihrt wurden,um die spezielle Rolle des Sprachlabors im Unterricht zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse umfassender verglei- chender Studien sind trugerisch auf Grund der grogen Anzahlvon Imponderabi- lien, die hier auftrev.m. Die Neigung der Autoren richtet sich ganz klar auf solche Forschungen, die auf prizise Fragestellungen konzentriert und begrenzt sind, well sie eher dazu geeignet sind Ergebnisse zu bringen. Einige methodologische Erfah- rungen aus der UdSSR, aus Frankreich und Deutschland werden zitiert, um den echten Gewinn zuunterstreichen, den eine engere Zusammenarbeit zwischen Forschern auf beiden Seiten des Atlantiks bringt. Abschllegend skizzieren die Ver- fasser mehr als ein Dutzend vielversprechender Forschungsthemen, die,von den ') Apprecia'.ion is expressed to John B. Caroll of Harvard University, Alfred F. Hayes, Center for Applied Linguistics, and Theodore W. Walters, S. J., University of Detroit, for making helpful suggestions regarding this paper. The writers, however, take full responsibility for its content. 12 IRAL VOL V/1. MARCH 1967 heutzutage reichlich vorhandenen technologischen Hilfsmittelnunterstiltzt, eine interdisziplinarisch abgestimmte Inangriffnahme erfordern. 1. General Background 2. Sources of Information 3. Overall Approaches and Specific Problems in Language Learning 4. Electro-Mechanical Devices and Self-Instructional Aids 5. Activity in Some European Countries 6. Some Desiderata in Pedagogic Research 1. General Background Research demands heavy outlays of resources, including time, facilitiesand money. Although remarkable cases exist of individuals single-handedly carrying out investigations on their own initiative, the scope of such undertakings is simply not sufficient for present needs. The principalsource of financial sup- port in the United States is now the National Defense Education Act, particularly Title VI, Title VII and the Cooperative Researchprogram, administered by the Office of Education. Next in order arc the foundations, especially theFord, Rockefeller, and Carnegie ones, which since World War II h.,ve made substan- tial, though sporadic, contributions. Finally, the colleges themselves,and a few secondary schools and school systems, provide financial and othersupport from available resources. Quite often a project is supported bya combination of two or all three of
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