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This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 Anthropological Theory An Introductory History Sixth Edition R. Jon McGee and Richard L. Warms ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 Senior Editor: Leanne Silverman Assistant Editor: Carli Hansen Senior Marketing Manager: Karin Cholak Marketing Manager: Deborah Hudson Cover Designer: Sally Rinehart Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources, and reproduced with permission, appear on the appropriate page within the text. Published by Rowman & Littlefield A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2017 by Rowman & Littlefield All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cloth ISBN-13: 978-1-4422-5701-6 ISBN-10: 1-4422-5701-6 Paper ISBN-13: 978-1-4422-5702-3 ISBN-10: 1-4422-5702-4 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History Sixth Edition edited by R. Jon McGee and Richard L. Warms expected publication date: July 2016 published by Rowman & Littlefield Table of Contents [*new in this edition; see preface for details about updates and other changes] [ included in this preview] Preface *Timeline (contextualizing the readings against the backdrop of world events) Introduction PART I: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY Nineteenth-Century Evolutionism 1. Herbert Spencer: The Social Organism (1860) 2. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor: The Science of Culture (1871) 3. Lewis Henry Morgan: Ethnical Periods (1877) 4. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Feuerbach: Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlook (1846) The Foundations of Sociological Thought 5. Émile Durkheim: What Is a Social Fact? (1895) 6. Marcel Mauss: Excerpts from The Gift (1925) 7. Max Weber: Class, Status, Party (1922) PART II: CULTURE THEORY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY The Boasians 8. Franz Boas: The Methods of Ethnology (1920) *9. A. L. Kroeber: On the Principle of Order in Civilization as Exemplified by Changes of Fashion (1919) *10. Ruth Benedict: The Science Of Custom: The Bearing of Anthropology on Contemporary Thought (1929) 11. Margaret Mead: Introduction to Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) 12. Benjamin L. Whorf: The Relation of Habitual Thought and Behavior to Language (1941) This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 Functionalism 13. Bronislaw Malinowski: The Essentials of the Kula (1922) 14. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown: On Joking Relationships (1940) 15. Max Gluckman: The Licence in Ritual (1956) PART III: THEORY AT MID-CENTURY The Reemergence of Evolutionary Thought 16. Leslie White: Energy and the Evolution of Culture (1943) 17. Julian Steward: The Patrilineal Band (1955) 18. Morton H. Fried: On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State (1960) Neomaterialism 19. Marvin Harris: The Cultural Ecology of India's Sacred Cattle (1966) 20. Eric Wolf: Peasantry and Its Problems (1966) Structure, Language, and Cognition 21. Claude Lévi-Strauss: Four Winnebago Myths: A Structural Sketch (1960) 22. Harold C. Conklin: Hanunóo Color Categories (1955) *23. Eugene Hunn: The Tenejapa Tzeltal Version of the Animal Kingdom (1975) PART IV: LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS Sociobiology and Behavioral Ecology 24. Edward O. Wilson: The Morality of the Gene (1975) 25. Rebecca Bliege Bird, Eric Alden Smith, and Douglas W. Bird: The Hunting Handicap: Costly Signaling in Human Foraging Strategies (2001) Feminist Anthropology 26. Sally Slocum: Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology (1975) 27. Eleanor Leacock: Interpreting the Origins of Gender Inequality: Conceptual and Historical Problems (1983) Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology 28. Mary Douglas: External Boundaries (1966) 29. Victor Turner: Symbols in Ndembu Ritual (1967) 30. Clifford Geertz: Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight (1972) Background to Postmodernism 31. Pierre Bourdieu: Structures, Habitus, Practices (1980) 32. Michel Foucault: The Incitement to Discourse (1976) Postmodernism 33. Renato Rosaldo: Grief and a Headhunters Rage (1989) 34. Allan Hanson: The Making of the Maori: Cultural Invention and Its Logic (1989) PART V: TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY Gender This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 35. Lila Abu-Lughod: A Tale of Two Pregnancies (1995) 36. David Valentine: ‘I Went to Bed with My Own Kind Once’: The Erasure of Desire in the Name of Identity (2003) *37. HollyWardlow: Anger, Economy, and Female Agency: Problematizing "Prostitution" and "Sex Work" among the Huli of Papua New Guinea (2004) Globalization 38. Arjun Appadurai: Disjuncture and the Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990) 39. Theodore Bestor: Kaiten-Zushi and Konbini: Japanese Food Culture in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (2006) *40. Jonathan Friedman and Kajsa Ekholm Friedman: Globalization as a Discourse of Hegemonic Crisis: A Global Systemic Analysis (2013) Agency and Structure 41. Philippe Bourgois: From Jíbaro to Crack Dealer: Confronting the Restructuring of Capitalism in El Barrio (1995) *42. Sherry Ortner: Power and Projects: Reflections on Agency (2006) *43. Ruth Gomberg Muñoz: Willing to Work: Agency and Vulnerability in an Undocumented Immigrant Network (2010) References Index This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 Preface Theory is the core of anthropology. Students often do not realize that the ethnographic materials they read in their textbooks and discuss in class are interpretations of data collected by anthropologists whose theoretical training determines the type of questions they ask and the sorts of information they collect. Without a solid understanding of theory, anthropology is reduced to a collection of exotic ethnographic vignettes. With a knowledge of theory, these vignettes become attempts to answer important philosophical and practical problems. Thus it is crucial for anthropologists to understand theory and its historical context. Students face two choices if they wish to understand the theoretical perspectives that ultimately drive ethnographic fieldwork: They can read classic theoretical articles or they can read someone’s interpretations of those articles. For readers who are not well versed in anthropological theory, neither choice is ideal. We created this volume to provide an accessible means of introducing readers to the past century and a half of theory in anthropology. We believe that it is essential for students to read original essays by influential scholars whose work has determined the paths in which anthropology has developed. Reading original works promotes depth of understanding and opens possibilities of analysis that even the best books describing theory can never provide. What better introduction to nineteenth century evolutionary thinking than reading Herbert Spencer and E.B. Tylor? To develop an in-depth understanding of Marxist analysis in anthropology what could be more effective than reading Marx, Leacock, or Bourgois? If you are interested in knowing about practice theory or thinking about globalization in anthropology shouldn’t you read the men and women who developed those fields such as Bourdieu, Foucault, Appadurai and Ortner? Many students find reading original essays extremely demanding. Sometimes we do too. The language is often difficult, and the intellectual disputes, references to other thinkers, and historical contexts may be obscure. We have attempted to make the task less onerous by providing detailed commentary, in close proximity to difficult passages in the original essays, to illuminate obscure references, arcane language, and unfamiliar contexts. You are now reading the sixth edition of Anthropology Theory. McGee and Warms have struggled to refine the book’s approach for over twenty years (the first edition came out in 1996). As we have repeatedly revised this text our goals for the book have grown. Anthropological Theory is primarily a textbook designed for students in advanced undergraduate and beginning This is an uncorrected, not typeset preview of Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Sixth Edition © Rowman & Littlefield, forthcoming in July 2016 graduate classes. However, we have
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