JOT Is a Free, Online, Quality Journalism Training Blog for Campus Journalists Managed by Engr
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Journalism Online Training (JOT) JOT is a free, online, quality journalism training blog for campus journalists managed by Engr. Herman Lagon of Ateneo de Iloilo. For inquiries, suggestions, and tutorials, please email Sir H at [email protected]. Do not hesitate to post your comments also at the end of every lesson. Good riddance. ‘FIRST-AID KIT’ IN JOURNALISM WHAT IS JOURNALISM? JOURNALISM is the art of writing for publication in newspapers and other media, embracing all thoughts and actions that have significance and interest to the readers. In this kit, we will only concentrate on print journalism. * * * WHAT IS NEWS? News is an oral or written report of an event that happened, is happening, will happen in the North, East, West, or South that is of interest to the reader and which should be reported. But what is interesting to one is not always interesting to another. * * * Elements of the News 1. Conflict 2. Immediacy or Timeliness 3. Proximity or Nearness 4. Prominence 5. Significance 6. Names 7. Drama 8. Oddity and Unusualness 9. Romance and Adventure 10. Sex 11. Progress 12. Animals 13. Number 14. Emotion * * * BASIC RULE IN WRITING: ACCURACY, BREVITY, CLARITY. ABC. * * * NEWS WRITING EXERCISE Identify the elements involved on the following headlines. There may be more than one answer. 1. Principal issues new school policy 2. Dog saves master’s life by attacking robbers 3. Cure for AIDS discovered 4. Man becomes pregnant 5. Icebergs appear in Northern Luzon 6. Senator injured in a car accident 7. Two solons lambaste each other, then end in a fist fight 8. Woman permitted to celebrate holy mass 9. Filipino wins Miss World title 10. 10 killed in shootout * * * Different forms of writing an incident Situation: A fire broke out and four persons made their separate essays on what happened. For a 10-year-old grade school pupil, “I saw a fire. It was a big red fire. It burned a house. There were many people around. Some men put water on the fire.” For a romantic high school student, “Fearful scarlet tongues arose to the star-studded heaven and licked greedily at the doomed edifice while the stout-hearted firefighters risked their all to quench the terrible conflagration.” For a lady bystander, “You know, Mare, there was a fire in our community. I think it cost the owner a great deal of money. The date was August 8. August is the eighth month. So I bet in the lottery, 8-16-24-32-40-48.” For a campus paper writer, “A fire of undetermined origin razed to the ground a two-storey apartment owned by lawyer Herman Lagon of 80 Lopez Jaena St., Jaro Iloilo City, last night. Four trucks from the Jaro Fire Station subdued the fire within an hour. The damage estimated by the police at P500,000 was covered by insurance.” The combination of simple, vivid and dignified articles produces a copy simple enough for Mr. Average Reader to understand. We call it news article. * * * Narrative vs News (Example: Dog hero story) Narrative: Pyramid (from less important to climax) News: Inverted Pyramid (from climax to less important) * * * Sample News Headline (ulo ng balita) Dog dies saving blind master Lead (pamatnubay)– Most important facts A FOUR-YEAR-OLD dog saved the life of his blind master, Thursday night, but the canine’s loyalty cost the trusty animal his life. Bridge—Elaboration of lead In serious condition today in Doctor’s Hospital is Erland Escobanez, 71, a street sweeper. Escobanez of SSS Building, Rizal St., Iloilo City was found early this morning unconscious on a sidewalk near the Aglipayan Church in the Iloilo Terminal Market. Less important facts Police theorized that Escobanez was knocked unconscious when he fell, his head hitting a stone. Potpot, his dog, apparently tried to shield its master from the cold and the rain by draping itself over the fallen man. When discovered this morning by the Police Patrol, Escobanez was still out cold. The dog lay near, dead. Relatives of Escobanez who is still a bachelor, told authorities that he always took nightly strolls at about 11 p.m. with his dog. Minor facts According to doctors, only the warmth from the dog’s body saved Escobanez from certain death. Escobanez told police that he remembers nothing of the incident. A wallet containing P500 was still in his pocket leading the authorities to rule out robbery. * * * Types of news stories A. Scope or origin a. Local news b. Foreign news c. Dateline news B. Chronology or sequence a. Advanced or anticipated (dope or prognostication) b. Spot news (reporter an eyewitness of the event) c. Coverage news (beat) d. Follow-up news C. Treatment a. Fact story (plain exposition) b. Action story (narrative of actions) c. Speech or quote story D. Content a. Routine story b. Police reports c. Science news d. Development communication e. Sports news E. Structure a. Straight news b. News feature b.1 Single-feature structure b.2 Several-feature structure F. Advanced news a. Investigative b. Interpretative c. Depthnews G. Minor a. News brief b. News bulletin (gist of the news) c. News-featurette (quirks in the news) d. Sidebar (side by side with the mother story) e. Flash (boxed message) * * * HOW TO WRITE A LEAD? Lead It is a single word, a phrase, a clause, a brief sentence, an entire paragraph or a series of paragraphs. The main function of the lead, aside from introducing the news story, are to tell the story in capsule form and to answer right away the questions the reader would naturally ask. A good lead answers all the important questions of the reader, indicates the facts if they are all important, and arouses the readers’ interest to continue reading the story. * * * Kinds of lead A. Conventional or summary lead B. Grammatical beginning lead C. Novelty lead * * * Conventional or summary lead This kind of lead used in straight news, answers right away all or any of the 5 W’s and/or the H. It may be one of the following: 1. WHO lead PRESIDENT Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo addressed, April 20, the PMA graduates in Baguio City. 2. WHAT lead AN ENTRANCE examination will be given Nov. 24 to all graduating high school students desiring to enroll in the four-year college course. 3. WHERE lead TRAPICHE, Oton, Iloilo will be the site of the next International Film Festival. 4. WHEN lead TODAY, almost to the hour, the Revolutionary Government was proclaimed by former President Corazon Aquino. 5. WHY lead BECAUSE of poverty, around a hundred students dropped from school last year. This was learned from Iloilo Scholastic Academy principal Juan dela Cruz. 6. HOW lead BY APPEALING to the school board, the University of Iloilo was able to construct a 30- storey, concrete building. * * * Grammatical-beginning lead 1. Prepositional-phrase lead WITH BROOMS and other cleaning equipment, boy scouts from the Iloilo public high schools cleaned the city markets in consonance with the city mayor’s Clean and Beautiful Drive. 2. Infinitive-phrase lead TO ENCOURAGE tourism, balikbayans are given a warm welcome by their fellow Filipinos. 3. Participial-phrase lead HOPING to cop first place, the ISA woodpushers honed up for the chess championship games. (present participle) DRESSED like priests, robbers were able to enter the bank. (past participle) 4. Gerundial-phrase lead WINNING the developmental communications trophy during the national press conference was Iloilo Scholastic Academy’s best achievement of the year. 5. Clause lead BECAUSE Sept. 9 was Osmena Day, all lessons in class dealt with the life of the late President Sergio Osmena Sr. (subordinate, adverbial) * * * Novelty lead 1. Astonisher lead CHAMPION of Division of Iloilo City! BETTER look your best this week! 2. Contrast lead FOUR MONTHS before the Green Drive, Zone 3 of Brgy. Bo. Obrero, Iloilo City was the dirtiest community. Three months after the campaign, it won first place in the cleanliness contest sponsored by the Department of Interior and Local Government. 3. Epigram LIKE father, like son. Herman Lagon Jr. graduated first honor this year. Twenty years ago, his father, Engr. Herman Lagon Sr. also topped his class and delivered his valedictory address on the same rostrum where the young Lagon gave his. 4. Picture lead THE NEW principal, Ms. Arianne Agnes Ciao, although only in her early thirties, is already silver-haired. She seldom talks, but when she does, she talks with sense. 5. Background lead THE CPU campus was turned into a miniature carnival ground Sept. 1 during the 89th Foundation Day celebration of the school. Decorated with buntings and multicolored lights, the University quadrangle was a grand setting for a barrio fiesta. 6. Descriptive lead DRESSED in white polo barong, and with diplomas in their hands, 109 graduates marched down the stage to the tune of Hail Alma Mater. 7. Parody lead WATER, water everywhere, but no water to drink. This was what the flood victims found to their dismay. 8. Punch lead VICTORY Day! Bonifacio High School celebrated March 18 its fifth victory in the city-wide journalism contest. 9. One-word lead MARCH! Thus ordered Chess Club president Pol Buenconsejo to start the “Walk to Win” fund- raising drive. 10. Quotation lead “THE YOUTH sucks,” thus said Association of Dimwits president Don Pepot in a seminar-workshop yesterday in Brgy. Walang Kwenta, Siete Pecados, Guimaras. 11. Question lead WHO WILL reign as Miss Intramurals this year? This will be known Aug. 8 after the final screening to be held at the WVSU gym. * * * NEWS WRITING EXERCISE Identify what kind of lead is used in the following: 1.