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PCP 1A: Protein Nutrition and Health Chairs: Janitha Wanasundara

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PCP 1A: Protein Nutrition and Health Chairs: Janitha Wanasundara ABSTRACTS 2018 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPO May 6–9, 2018 PCP 1a: Protein Nutrition and Health Chairs: Janitha Wanasundara, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; Lamia L'Hocine, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; and Navam Hettiarachchy, University of Arkansas, USA Overview of the Protein Quality Assessment Functional Properties and ACE Inhibitory of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Matthew G. Activity of Mealworm Protein Isolates and Nosworthy and James D. House, University of Hydrolysates. Navam S. Hettiarachchy1, Manitoba, Canada Hongrui Jiang2, and Ronny Horax1, 1University of Protein consumption is rising worldwide and Arkansas, USA; 2Institute of Light Industry and there is an increasing desire for alternatives to Food Engineering, Guangxi University, China animal-based protein from both consumers and Mealworm larva is a promising edible and producers. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is sustainable high protein source. Mealworm larva native to the Adean region and has been protein (MP) and hydrolysates can be utilized as consumed in that region for centuries. It is functional food ingredients and potential anti- tolerant to a wide range of environmental hypertensive activity. The objectives were to: conditions and is notable for its nutritional compare the effects of pH and sonication on properties, including protein content/ MP extractability; determine the functional composition. The protein content of quinoa properties of MP isolates (MPIs) and Alcalase (~14%) is higher than that of cereals (~10%) or treated hydrolysates; and evaluate their rice (~7%). In addition to protein content, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) however, the overall quality of the protein must inhibitory activities before and after gastro- also be considered. Protein quality is assessed intestinal (GI) environment treatment. The using different methods depending upon the dispersion of defatted mealworm larvae was jurisdiction. Canada requires the use of the adjusted to pH 2.0, pH 11.0, and combined Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), a growth treatments (of pH 2.0 followed with pH 11.0) measurement, whereas the Protein Digestibility with and without sonication for 30 min. The Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) is required solubilized MP was centrifuged, isoelectrically in the United States. The quality of a protein is a precipitated, and freeze-dried. Extraction at function of overall protein content, the amino combined pHs with sonication showed the acid composition of the protein and its highest protein yield (47.0%) and content digestibility. This presentation will discuss the (77.3%). This extraction method was selected to methods of determining protein quality currently prepare MPI to study their ACE-I inhibitory in use and position quinoa as a protein source activities after alcalase hydrolysis and simulated worth investigating and incorporating into novel GI juice digestion. Ultrasound treatment with the products under development. combined pH treatment significantly improved solubility from 87.3% to 93.2%, emulsion stability (22.1 to 119.4 min), foaming stability (0 to 74.2 min) (P-value <0.05), but decreased emulsifying – 1 – ABSTRACTS 2018 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPO May 6–9, 2018 activity (129.9 to 94.8 m2/g) and foaming homogenates decreased volatile aldehydes by capacity (24.3 to 8.8 mL). The highest ACE-I 23.08–64.29%. Adding 2% NaCl to homogenates inhibitory activity of 83.3% was observed from had a pro-oxidant effect and increased volatile MP hydrolysate; however, after GI digestion the aldehydes by 7.69-16.67%. Carbonyl formation inhibition decreased to 58.0%. Protein extraction and tryptophan oxidation were measured by combined acid and alkali with ultrasound spectrofluorometrically: λex=350nm, λem=400– treatment is a promising method to prepare 500nm and λex=280nm, λem=300–400nm, MPI with improved functional properties. respectively at 25C and 37C. The interaction The MP hydrolysates have the potential between mushroom polyphenols and bovine as anti-hypertensive agents via their ACE-I protein were assessed using Stern-Volmer plots. inhibitory activity. There was a strong negative correlation between DAB concentration and tryptophan fluorescence Mushroom Phenolics as Inhibitors of in SP and MP samples ranging from –0.893 to Tryptophan Oxidation and Carbonyl Formation –0.991 and –0.869 to –0.995 with added in Bovine Proteins with Salt. Natalie G. Tom and mushrooms and 2% NaCl at 25C and 37C, Lilian M. Were, Chapman University, USA respectively, indicating no tryptophan The antioxidant capacity of dehydrated fluorescence quenching. Tryptophan Agaricus bisporus (DAB) mushrooms against fluorescence was 100-fold higher when 2% NaCl lipids in beef has been determined, however, was added to SP homogenates with DAB. As interactions between mushroom polyphenols mushroom concentration increased, carbonyl and bovine proteins to explain the molecular fluorescence increased. However, there was no basis for mushroom’s antioxidant effect has not measurable carbonyls formed when 2% NaCl was been assessed. Oven dried or lyophilized DAB added. In conclusion, 2% NaCl in SP with DAB with and without 2% NaCl were added to increased volatile aldehydes which can sarcoplasmic (SP) and myofibrillar protein (MP) contribute to unpleasant aromas and flavors, extracted from top round beef. The phenolic however, protein oxidation was inhibited, with content of oven dried DAB was 2-fold higher with higher tryptophan, phenolic content and strong stronger metal chelation capacity compared to metal chelating capacity of DAB. lyophilized DAB. Adding DAB in unsalted – 2 – ABSTRACTS 2018 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPO May 6–9, 2018 PCP 1b: Advances in Bioactive Peptides Chairs: Hitomi Kumagai, Nihon University, Japan; and Hisham Ibrahim, Kagoshima University, Japan Occurrence of Cyclic Peptides in Human Blood in the plasma of subjects increased after collagen after Collagen Hydrolysate Ingestion Yasutaka hydrolysate ingestion. Cyclic Pro-Hyp enhanced Shigemura*1 and Kenji Sato2, 1Tokyo Kasei primary cultured mouse skin fibroblast University, Japan; 2Kyoto University, Japan proliferation on collagen gel. The present study Human studies have demonstrated that indicated that food-derived cyclic Pro-Hyp was ingestion of collagen hydrolysates exerts absorbed by the human blood after ingestion of beneficial effects on skin and joint conditions. collagen hydrolysates, and cyclic Pro-Hyp may be The level of hydoroxyproline (Hyp)-containing involved in the beneficial effects of the peptides increases in human blood after hydrolysate on skin conditions. ingestion of collagen hydrolysates, and prolyl- hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) has been identified as a Bioactive Peptides for Brain Health and its major component of these peptides. It has been Mechanistic Exploration Shigeru Katayama*, reported that Pro-Hyp exhibits biological Takakazu Mitani, and Soichiro Nakamura, Shinshu activities on fibroblasts and chondrocytes, University, Japan indicating that it might also exert beneficial Aging is an inevitable part of life for human effects on human skin and joint conditions. Pro- and is associated with declining physical and containing peptides can form cyclic peptides, and functional capacity of tissues and organs. bioactivities of food-derived cyclic peptides have Particularly, mild cognitive impairment and been reported. Therefore, to identify new active dementia has emerged as a major problem of components responsible for the beneficial effects disability in old age. There has been an increasing of collagen hydrolysates, the present study aimed interest in screening potent natural dietary to detect cyclic Pro-Hyp in human blood after bioactive compounds for brain health benefits. ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. Plasma was We found that long-term feeding of soybean prepared from blood of five subjects before and peptides to senescence-accelerated mouse prone after ingestion of 5 g collagen hydrolysate. 8 (SAMP8) resulted in the improvement of Plasma was passed through a strong cation short-term and long-term spatial memory in the exchange resin and cyclic peptides were Y-maze and the Morris water maze, respectively, recovered in the unadsorbed fractions. The compared with a control group. The upregulation concentration of cyclic Pro-Hyp in plasma was of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and NT-3 determined by liquid chromatography-mass and neuroprotective factors, pituitary adenylate spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. The effect of cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), was cyclic Pro-Hyp on fibroblast proliferation was observed in the brain of soybean peptides-fed examined using a cell culture system of primary group. We then tried to identify novel bioactive cultured mouse skin fibroblasts on collagen gel. peptides in soybean hydrolysate which have LC-MS analysis showed that cyclic Pro-Hyp level enhancing effect of BDNF production. Some – 3 – ABSTRACTS 2018 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPO May 6–9, 2018 peptides, including KGR, GRK, GR and RK resistant structures than F4 under the simulated increased BDNF gene expression level in mouse gastrointestinal digestion. primary astrocytes. In particularly, the BDNF protein level in astrocytes was significantly Suppression of Postprandial Hyperglycemia by upregulated by treatment with GR in a dose- Bioactive Peptides from Rice (Oryza sativa) 1 2 dependent manner, suggesting that low weight Albumin Yusuke Yamaguchi , Shigenobu Ina , 3 3 molecular peptide consist of basic amino acid Aya Hamada , Hanae Nakamura , Nozomi Fujisawa3,
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