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Les Rocheuses Au Parc National De Yoho

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Les Rocheuses Au Parc National De Yoho Rocheuses canadiennes Chapitre tiré du guide Extrait de la publication 9782896655212 Le plaisir de mieux voyager guidesulysse.com Extrait de lapublication Circuit C: Le parc national de Jasper par la Yellowhead Highway E U Q I Circuit B: Lake Louise N et la promenade des Glaciers N A T I R B - E I B M A B O O L T I O ALBERTA N C A M SASKATCHEWANCircuit A: Le parc national de Banff et la Bow Valley Parkway Circuit F: Canmore Circuit D: Le parc national et la Kananaskis Valley de Kootenay par la vieille Windermere Highway Circuit E: De Golden Les Rocheuses au parc national de Yoho Géographie 5 Circuit D: Le parc national de Kootenay par la vieille Flore 7 Windermere Highway 42 Parc national de Kootenay 42 Faune 8 Radium Hot Springs 44 Invermere 45 Un peu d’histoire 11 Fairmont Hot Springs 45 Circuit E: De Golden Vie économique 11 au parc national de Yoho 46 Golden 46 Accès et déplacements 11 Parc national de Yoho 46 Circuit F: Canmore Renseignements utiles 13 et la Kananaskis Valley 48 Canmore 49 Attraits touristiques 16 Kananaskis Valley 50 Circuit A: Le parc national de Banff et la Bow Hébergement 53 Valley Parkway 16 Parc national de Banff 16 Restaurants 73 Banff 18 Aux environs de Banff 21 Sorties 81 Bow Valley Parkway 21 Circuit B: Lake Louise Achats 83 et la promenade des Glaciers 25 Lake Louise 26 Index 86 La promenade des Glaciers 28 Athabasca Glacier 30 Circuit C: Le parc national de Jasper par la Yellowhead Highway 34 Hinton 34 Parc national de Jasper 36 Jasper 37 Mount Robson Provincial Park 39 Extrait de la publication guidesulysse.com LES ROCHEUSES 0 40 80km Willmore Wilderness Provincial Park N Tête JauneCache Valemount Parc national de Jasper Hinton 16 5 Pocahontas c 16 Jasper Miette Hot Springs Blue River 32 Whitecourt Robb Edmonton Medicine Cadomin Edson Lake 93 Mica Creek Maligne Lake 22 Sunwapta ALBERTA 43 COLOMBIE- Falls BRITANNIQUE Mount Columbia 16 3747m Athabasca 23 Glacier Bighorn Wildland Columbia Recreation Icefield Area Drayton Valley White Goat Wilderness Area 11 1 Saskatchewan R Parc national River Crossing o Revelstoke c du Mont-Revelstoke k y M o 22 1 Siffleur Bighorn Wildland u Wilderness Recreation Area n Area ta Parc national i des Glaciers n 93 F Parc national o r 23 Golden e Shelter Bay de Yoho s Parc national t Rocky Mountain Beaton de Banff R House Field e s Galena Bay b a e e r Lake v Louise e 95 1A Vermilion Johnston Pass Canyon Marble 22 Nakusp Canyon Castle Mountain Parc national de Kootenay Banff Meadow Creek d Canmore Radium Calgary Hot Springs 93 Mount f Assiniboine 1 2 Provincial Park Les circuits 95 a Le parc national de Banff et la Bow ValleyKananaskis Parkway Country b Lake Louise et la promenade des Glaciers Calgary c Le parc national de Jasper par la Yellowhead Highway d Le parc national de Kootenay par la vieille Windermere Highway e De Golden au parc national de Yoho f Canmore et la Kananaskis Valley guidesulysse.com haîne de hautes montagnes avec des sommets variant entre 3 000 m et 4 000 m, et formée d’anciennes roches cristallines soulevées, bas- C culées, puis modulées par les glaciers, les Rocheuses canadiennes s’étendent le long de la frontière entre l’Alberta et la Colombie-Britan- nique. À l’ouest, les monts Columbia et la chaîne Côtière, qui sillonnent pratiquement toute la Colombie-Britannique du nord au sud, forment avec les Rocheuses les plus importantes chaînes de l’Ouest canadien. Comptant environ 170 000 km2, cette vaste région, reconnue dans le monde entier pour ses attraits naturels hors du commun, accueille des millions de visiteurs chaque année. Des paysages de hautes montagnes d’une rare splendeur, des rivières déchaînées sur les- quelles les amateurs d’eaux vives s’en donnent à cœur joie, des lacs dont la couleur des eaux varie du vert émeraude au bleu turquoise, une faune diversifiée dans les parcs, des stations de ski renommées et un parc hôtelier d’une grande qualité, tout cela concourt à rendre votre séjour inoubliable. Les six circuits de ce chapitre vous permettront de découvrir les Rocheuses: Circuit A: Le parc national de Banff et la Bow Valley Parkway Circuit B: Lake Louise et la promenade des Glaciers Circuit C: Le parc national de Jasper par la Yellowhead Highway Circuit D: Le parc national de Kootenay par la vieille Windermere Highway Circuit E: De Golden au parc national de Yoho Circuit F: Canmore et la Kananaskis Valley rocheuses jusqu’à ce qu’elles se modèlent Géographie en une série de chaînes de montagnes, dont quatre font aujourd’hui partie des L’histoire des Rocheuses commence il y a Rocheuses. Les premières à émerger furent environ 600 millions d’années, époque à la chaîne occidentale des Rocheuses, entre laquelle une mer peu profonde recouvrait Golden et Radium Hot Springs, et la chaîne leur emplacement actuel. Des sédiments, occidentale principale, située à l’ouest de entre autres d’argile schisteuse, de roche la Kootenay River. Ces chaînes sont main- limoneuse, de sable et de conglomérats, tenant protégées en partie par les parcs provenant de l’érosion, à l’est, du Bou- nationaux de Yoho et Kootenay. La chaîne clier canadien, s’accumulèrent petit à petit, orientale principale fut créée ensuite. Elle couche après couche, au fond de cette mer. comprend les 20 sommets les plus élevés Sous la pression de leur propre poids, ces des Rocheuses canadiennes, dont le mont couches sédimentaires, qui parfois attei- Robson (3 954 m). Ces sommets forment la Géographie gnaient une épaisseur de 20 km, se cristal- ligne continentale de partage des eaux: à lisèrent pour enfin former une plate-forme l’ouest les cours d’eau se déversent dans - rocheuse. C’est ce qui explique la présence l’océan Pacifique, alors que ceux situés à de fossiles marins tels que coquillages ou l’est se jettent dans l’océan Arctique ou la d’algues sur de nombreuses falaises; les baie d’Hudson. Une partie de la chaîne schistes argileux de Burgess, dans le parc orientale principale est protégée par les national de Yoho, site inscrit sur la liste du parcs nationaux de Banff et de Jasper. patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO depuis Un dernier mouvement tectonique fut à 1981, constituent l’un des sites fossilifères Rocheuses l’origine de la quatrième chaîne de monta- les plus importants du monde et contien- gnes, connue sous le nom de «contreforts nent les restes fossilisés de près de 140 des Rocheuses». Les contreforts sont pro- Les espèces. tégés par le parc national des Lacs-Waterton (voir p ***). On peut aisément constater Il y a environ 160 millions d’années, le aujourd’hui l’impact qu’ont eu ces soulè- plateau continental nord-américain s’est vements sur cet ancien socle de roches déplacé vers l’ouest au-dessus d’une plaque sédimentaires. Il n’est pas rare, en effet, océanique, refaçonnant les formations de contempler sur les versants des mon- guidesulysse.com Quelques termes géologiques associés aux montagnes Rocheuses Auges glaciaires: se dit des vallées façonnées par un glacier et qui sont en forme de U. Calotte glaciaire: étendue de glace de forme convexe, très épaisse, qui recouvre tout un relief. D’une calotte peuvent partir plusieurs glaciers, comme c’est le cas pour le champ de glace Columbia. Cirque glaciaire: se dit d’une montagne qui a été creusée en forme d’amphithéâtre par la glace. La rencontre de deux cirques dos à dos crée une «arête». Crevasse: cassure étroite et profonde qui se rencontre dans la surface supérieure d’un glacier. On distingue les «crevasses transversales», qui fracturent le glacier d’un côté à l’autre et qui se produisent lorsque le glacier suit une forte dénivellation de la montagne, les «crevasses marginales en chevrons», que l’on retrouve sur les bords du glacier, là où la friction se fait sentir avec le versant de la montagne, et enfin les «crevasses longitudinales», qui sont situées à l’extrémité du glacier. Glaciers de niche: petits glaciers qui se forment sur des parois rocheuses et qui paraissent suspendus. Glaciers de vallée alpine: petits glaciers situés dans des vallées très élevées qui ressemblent à des langues, mais ne proviennent pas d’une calotte glaciaire. L’Angel Glacier, au mont Edith Cavell, en est un bel exemple. Moraines: dépôts glaciaires (mélange de limon, de sable, de gravier et de blocs de roche charriés par la course du glacier). À la période de fonte, le glacier recule et dépose ces amas de roches sur les côtés, créant les «moraines latérales», ou sur le devant, engendrant les «moraines frontales» au bout du glacier. Névés: masses de neige durcie qui alimentent un glacier. Ogives: lorsqu’on observe un glacier, on s’aperçoit que la couleur n’en est pas Géographie uniforme, mais présente des stries longitudinales tantôt plus blanches, tantôt plus - grises. Ces bandes pâles puis foncées, appelées «ogives», résultent des crevasses du «serac» qui, lorsqu’elles s’ouvrent en été, emmagasinent dans la glace de la poussière et du limon, et, lorsqu’elles s’ouvrent en hiver, se remplissent de neige et de bulles d’air. Serac: série de crevasses situées à l’endroit où le glacier coule par-dessus une falaise. Comme le glacier avance continuellement, au bas de la falaise, ces crevasses Rocheuses se refermeront tandis que d’autres s’ouvriront plus haut. Les Vallée suspendue, ou en surplomb: se dit d’une vallée dont le fond est plus haut que celui de la vallée vers laquelle elle se dirige.
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