Species of Special Concern

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Species of Special Concern SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN Common Name / Threat Family Species Endemic Growth Form Status FLORA AMARYLLIDACEAE Gethyllis longistyla Geophytic Herbs PNCO Endemic Taxa AMARYLLIDACEAE Boophone disticha Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa APOCYNACEAE Carissa haematocarpa Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa APOCYNACEAE Microloma armatum Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa APOCYNACEAE Pachypodium Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa succulentum APOCYNACEAE Microloma armatum Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa APOCYNACEAE Pachypodium Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa succulentum APOCYNACEAE Carissa haematocarpa Tall Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa ASPHODELACEAE Aloe chlorantha Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa ASPHODELACEAE Aloe broomii Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa ASPHODELACEAE Haworthia decipiens Succulent Herbs PNCO Endemic Taxa var. cyanea ASPHODELACEAE Haworthia greenii Succulent Herbs PNCO Endemic Taxa ASPHODELACEAE Astroloba foliolosa Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia coerulans Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa EUPHORBIACEAE Chamaesyce Herbs PNCO Important Taxa inaequilatera EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia ferox Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia aurioliae Geophytic Herbs PNCO Endemic Taxa HYACINTHACEAE Ornithogalum Geophytic Herbs PNCO Endemic Taxa paucifolium subsp. karooparkense HYACINTHACEAE Albuca setosa Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa HYACINTHACEAE Drimia intricata Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa HYACINTHACEAE Albuca setosa Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa HYACINTHACEAE Drimia anomala Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa HYACINTHACEAE Drimia intricata Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa IRIDACEAE Moraea polystachya Geophytic Herbs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum lique Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Malephora Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa uitenhagensis MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma robustum Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Sceletium expansum Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Stomatium suaveolens Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum lique Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Faucaria bosscheana Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Trichodiadema Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa barbatum MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Aloinopsis rubrolineata Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Chasmatophyllum nelii Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Cylindrophyllum Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa calamiforme MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschia vanderbergiae Succulent Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psilocaulon articulatum Succulent Herbs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psilocaulon coriarium Succulent Herbs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum lique Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa subspinosum Common Name / Threat Family Species Endemic Growth Form Status MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Mestoklema tuberosum Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Rhombophyllum nelii Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschia cradockensis Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa subsp. cradockensis MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Trichodiadema Succulent Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa barbatum SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago magnakarooica Low Shrubs PNCO Endemic Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Sutera pinnatifida Herbs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Aptosimum elongatum Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Aptosimum spinescens Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa atropurpurea SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago albida Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Sutera halimifolia Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Aptosimum elongatum Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago fruticosa Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa SCROPHULARIACEAE Sutera halimifolia Low Shrubs PNCO Important Taxa FAUNA Amphibians BUFONIDAE Poyntonophrynus Southern Pygmy LC vertebralis Toad BUFONIDAE Sclerophrys capensis Raucous Toad LC BUFONIDAE Vandijkophrynus Karoo Toad (subsp. gariepensis gariepensis gariepensis) HYPEROLIIDAE Kassina senegalensis Bubbling Kassina LC PIPIDAE Xenopus laevis Common Platanna LC PYXICEPHALIDAE Amietia fuscigula Cape River Frog LC PYXICEPHALIDAE Amietia poyntoni Poynton's River LC Frog PYXICEPHALIDAE Cacosternum boettgeri Common Caco LC PYXICEPHALIDAE Tomopterna tandyi Tandy's Sand Frog LC Mammals BOVIDAE Alcelaphus buselaphus Hartebeest LC BOVIDAE Antidorcas marsupialis Springbok LC BOVIDAE Connochaetes gnou Black Wildebeest LC BOVIDAE Damaliscus pygargus Blesbok LC phillipsi BOVIDAE Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck LC BOVIDAE Oreotragus oreotragus Klipspringer LC BOVIDAE Oryx gazella Gemsbok LC BOVIDAE Pelea capreolus Vaal Rhebok NT BOVIDAE Raphicerus campestris Steenbok LC BOVIDAE Redunca fulvorufula Mountain LC Reedbuck BOVIDAE Sylvicapra sp. Common Duiker LC BOVIDAE Sylvicapra grimmia Bush Duiker LC BOVIDAE Syncerus caffer African Buffalo LC BOVIDAE Taurotragus oryx Common Eland LC BOVIDAE Tragelaphus Greater Kudu LC strepsiceros CANIDAE Canis sp. Jackals and Wolves CANIDAE Canis mesomelas Black-backed LC Jackal CANIDAE Otocyon megalotis Bat-eared Fox LC Common Name / Threat Family Species Endemic Growth Form Status CANIDAE Vulpes chama Cape Fox LC CERCOPITHECIDAE Chlorocebus Vervet Monkey LC pygerythrus CERCOPITHECIDAE Chlorocebus Vervet Monkey LC pygerythrus pygerythrus (subspecies pygerythrus) CERCOPITHECIDAE Papio ursinus Chacma Baboon LC EQUIDAE Equus quagga Plains Zebra LC EQUIDAE Equus zebra zebra Cape Mountain LC Zebra FELIDAE Caracal caracal Caracal LC FELIDAE Felis nigripes Black-footed Cat Vu FELIDAE Leptailurus serval Serval NT HERPESTIDAE FAMILY Herpestidae Unidentified LC Herpestidae (mongoose) HERPESTIDAE Cynictis penicillata Yellow Mongoose LC HERPESTIDAE Herpestes pulverulentus Cape Gray LC Mongoose HERPESTIDAE Mungos mungo Banded Mongoose LC HERPESTIDAE Suricata suricatta Meerkat LC HYAENIDAE Hyaena brunnea Brown Hyena NT HYAENIDAE Proteles cristata Aardwolf LC LEPORIDAE Lepus capensis Cape Hare LC LEPORIDAE Lepus saxatilis Scrub Hare LC MACROSCELIDIDAE Elephantulus sp. Elephant Shrews LC MACROSCELIDIDAE Macroscelides Short-eared LC proboscideus Elephant Shrew MURIDAE Rhabdomys pumilio Xeric Four-striped LC Grass Rat MUSTELIDAE Poecilogale albinucha African Striped NT Weasel ORYCTEROPODIDAE Orycteropus afer Aardvark LC PROCAVIIDAE Procavia sp. Rock Hyrax LC PROCAVIIDAE Procavia capensis Cape Rock Hyrax LC SCIURIDAE Xerus inauris South African LC Ground Squirrel SUIDAE Phacochoerus africanus Common Warthog LC Reptiles AGAMIDAE Agama atra Southern Rock LC Agama AGAMIDAE Agama hispida Spiny Ground LC Agama CHAMAELEONIDAE Bradypodion ventrale Eastern Cape LC Dwarf Chameleon COLUBRIDAE Crotaphopeltis Red-lipped Snake LC hotamboeia COLUBRIDAE Dasypeltis scabra Rhombic Egg-eater LC COLUBRIDAE Dispholidus typus typus Boomslang LC CORDYLIDAE Cordylus cordylus Cape Girdled LC Lizard CORDYLIDAE Karusasaurus Karoo Girdled LC polyzonus Lizard CORDYLIDAE Pseudocordylus Karoo Crag Lizard LC microlepidotus fasciatus ELAPIDAE Aspidelaps lubricus Coral Shield Cobra lubricus Common Name / Threat Family Species Endemic Growth Form Status ELAPIDAE Naja nivea Cape Cobra LC GEKKONIDAE Afroedura karroica Karoo Flat Gecko LC GEKKONIDAE Chondrodactylus Bibron's Gecko LC bibronii GEKKONIDAE Lygodactylus capensis Common Dwarf LC capensis Gecko GEKKONIDAE Pachydactylus capensis Cape Gecko LC GEKKONIDAE Pachydactylus Spotted Gecko LC maculatus GEKKONIDAE Pachydactylus Marico Gecko LC mariquensis GEKKONIDAE Pachydactylus oculatus Golden Spotted LC Gecko GERRHOSAURIDAE Gerrhosaurus typicus Karoo Plated LC Lizard GERRHOSAURIDAE Tetradactylus Cape Long-tailed LC tetradactylus Seps LACERTIDAE Pedioplanis burchelli Burchell's Sand LC Lizard LACERTIDAE Pedioplanis Common Sand LC lineoocellata pulchella Lizard LACERTIDAE Pedioplanis Namaqua Sand LC namaquensis Lizard LAMPROPHIIDAE Boaedon capensis Brown House LC Snake LAMPROPHIIDAE Duberria lutrix lutrix South African LC Slug-eater LAMPROPHIIDAE Lamprophis guttatus Spotted House LC Snake LAMPROPHIIDAE Lycodonomorphus Brown Water LC rufulus Snake LAMPROPHIIDAE Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake LC capense LAMPROPHIIDAE Psammophis crucifer Cross-marked LC Grass Snake LAMPROPHIIDAE Psammophis notostictus Karoo Sand Snake LC LAMPROPHIIDAE Psammophylax Spotted Grass LC rhombeatus Snake PELOMEDUSIDAE Pelomedusa galeata South African Not Marsh Terrapin evaluated SCINCIDAE Acontias breviceps Short-headed LC Legless Skink SCINCIDAE Acontias meleagris Cape Legless Skink LC SCINCIDAE Trachylepis capensis Cape Skink LC SCINCIDAE Trachylepis sulcata Western Rock LC sulcata Skink SCINCIDAE Trachylepis variegata Variegated Skink LC TESTUDINIDAE Homopus femoralis Greater Padloper LC TESTUDINIDAE Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise LC TYPHLOPIDAE Rhinotyphlops lalandei Delalande's Beaked LC Blind Snake VARANIDAE Varanus albigularis Rock Monitor LC albigularis VIPERIDAE Bitis arietans arietans Puff Adder LC .
Recommended publications
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)
    Zootaxa 1945: 51–66 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia) NICOLAS VIDAL1,10, WILLIAM R. BRANCH2, OLIVIER S.G. PAUWELS3,4, S. BLAIR HEDGES5, DONALD G. BROADLEY6, MICHAEL WINK7, CORINNE CRUAUD8, ULRICH JOGER9 & ZOLTÁN TAMÁS NAGY3 1UMR 7138, Systématique, Evolution, Adaptation, Département Systématique et Evolution, C. P. 26, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2Bayworld, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 4Smithsonian Institution, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, B.P. 48, Gamba, Gabon. 5Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-5301 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 6Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, P.O. Box FM 730, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. E-mail: [email protected] 7 Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 8Centre national de séquençage, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston-Crémieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry cedex, France. E-mail: www.genoscope.fr 9Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Pockelsstr. 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 10Corresponding author Abstract The Elapoidea includes the Elapidae and a large (~60 genera, 280 sp.) and mostly African (including Madagascar) radia- tion termed Lamprophiidae by Vidal et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancestral Reconstruction of Diet and Fang Condition in the Lamprophiidae: Implications for the Evolution of Venom Systems in Snakes
    Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 55, No. 1, 1–10, 2021 Copyright 2021 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Ancestral Reconstruction of Diet and Fang Condition in the Lamprophiidae: Implications for the Evolution of Venom Systems in Snakes 1,2 1 1 HIRAL NAIK, MIMMIE M. KGADITSE, AND GRAHAM J. ALEXANDER 1School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. PO Wits, 2050, Gauteng, South Africa ABSTRACT.—The Colubroidea includes all venomous and some nonvenomous snakes, many of which have extraordinary dental morphology and functional capabilities. It has been proposed that the ancestral condition of the Colubroidea is venomous with tubular fangs. The venom system includes the production of venomous secretions by labial glands in the mouth and usually includes fangs for effective delivery of venom. Despite significant research on the evolution of the venom system in snakes, limited research exists on the driving forces for different fang and dental morphology at a broader phylogenetic scale. We assessed the patterns of fang and dental condition in the Lamprophiidae, a speciose family of advanced snakes within the Colubroidea, and we related fang and dental condition to diet. The Lamprophiidae is the only snake family that includes front-fanged, rear-fanged, and fangless species. We produced an ancestral reconstruction for the family and investigated the pattern of diet and fangs within the clade. We concluded that the ancestral lamprophiid was most likely rear-fanged and that the shift in dental morphology was associated with changes in diet. This pattern indicates that fang loss, and probably venom loss, has occurred multiple times within the Lamprophiidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Early German Herpetological Observations and Explorations in Southern Africa, with Special Reference to the Zoological Museum of Berlin
    Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 52 (2003) Heft 3/4 Seiten 193–214 Bonn, November 2004 Early German Herpetological Observations and Explorations in Southern Africa, With Special Reference to the Zoological Museum of Berlin Aaron M. BAUER Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA Abstract. The earliest herpetological records made by Germans in southern Africa were casual observations of common species around Cape Town made by employees of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) during the mid- to late Seven- teenth Century. Most of these records were merely brief descriptions or lists of common names, but detailed illustrations of many reptiles were executed by two German illustrators in the employ of the VOC, Heinrich CLAUDIUS and Johannes SCHUMACHER. CLAUDIUS, who accompanied Simon VAN DER STEL to Namaqualand in 1685, left an especially impor- tant body of herpetological illustrations which are here listed and identified to species. One of the last Germans to work for the Dutch in South Africa was Martin Hinrich Carl LICHTENSTEIN who served as a physician and tutor to the last Dutch governor of the Cape from 1802 to 1806. Although he did not collect any herpetological specimens himself, LICHTENSTEIN, who became the director of the Zoological Museum in Berlin in 1813, influenced many subsequent workers to undertake employment and/or expeditions in southern Africa. Among the early collectors were Karl BERGIUS and Ludwig KREBS. Both collected material that is still extant in the Berlin collection today, including a small number of reptile types. Because of LICHTENSTEIN’S emphasis on specimens as items for sale to other museums rather than as subjects for study, many species first collected by KREBS were only described much later on the basis of material ob- tained by other, mostly British, collectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpetological Bulletin
    The HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN Number 80 — Summer 2002 PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN The Herpetological Bulletin is produced quarterly and publishes, in English, a range of articles concerned with herpetology. These include full-length papers of mostly a semi-technical nature, book reviews, letters from readers, society news, and other items of general herpetological interest. Emphasis is placed on natural history, conservation, captive breeding and husbandry, veterinary and behavioural aspects. Articles reporting the results of experimental research, descriptions of new taxa, or taxonomic revisions should be submitted to The Herpetological Journal (see inside back cover for Editor's address). ISSN 1473-0928 © The British Herpetological Society. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the Editor. Printed by Metloc Printers Limited, Old Station Road, Loughton, Essex. Information for contributors 1. Contributions should be submitted in hard copy form (2 copies of manuscript, double-spaced) AND on computer diskette in Windows format only. The Bulletin is typeset directly from the author's diskette, so wherever possible all manuscripts should be prepared using a word-processor. Please indicate word-processing software used, and if possible also include a text-only version of the file. The text should be arranged in the following order: Title; Name(s) of author(s); Address(es) of authors (please indicate corresponding author); Abstract (optional - if included should not exceed 10% of total word length); Text; Acknowledgements; References; Appendices. Footnotes should not be included. Refer to this issue for style and format information. 2. Slides and high resolution scanned images are the preferred form of illustration, although good quality prints are also acceptable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship of Herpetofaunal
    Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2009 The Relationship of Herpetofaunal Community Composition to an Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Modified Savanna oodlandW of Northern Tanzania, and Bioassays with African Elephants Nabil A. Nasseri Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Nasseri, Nabil A., "The Relationship of Herpetofaunal Community Composition to an Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Modified Savanna oodlandW of Northern Tanzania, and Bioassays with African Elephants" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 763. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/763 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RELATIONSHIP OF HERPETOFAUNAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION TO AN ELEPHANT ( LOXODONTA AFRICANA ) MODIFIED SAVANNA WOODLAND OF NORTHERN TANZANIA, AND BIOASSAYS WITH AFRICAN ELEPHANTS by NABIL A. NASSERI (Under the Direction of Bruce A. Schulte) ABSTRACT Herpetofauna diversity and richness were compared in areas that varied in the degree of elephant impact on the woody vegetation ( Acacia spp.). The study was conducted at Ndarakwai Ranch in northeastern Tanzania. Elephants moving between three National Parks in Kenya and Tanzania visit this property. From August 2007 to March 2008, we erected drift fences and pitfall traps to sample herpetofaunal community and examined species richness and diversity within the damaged areas and in an exclusion plot.
    [Show full text]
  • Species of Special Concern
    SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN Common Name / Family Species Threat Status Endemic Growth Form FLORA Apocynaceae Brachystelma campanulatum Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Brachystelma comptum Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Brachystelma decipiens Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Brachystelma delicatum Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Brachystelma minimum Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Brachystelma schizoglossoides Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Ceropegia bowkeri subsp. Herbaceous PNCO Endemic taxa sororia climber Apocynaceae Ceropegia ampliata, Succulent PNCO Important taxa Herbaceous Climber Apocynaceae Brachystelma luteum Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Apocynaceae Cynanchum viminale Woody Succulent PNCO Important taxa Climber Asclepiadaceae Ceropegia cancellata Succulent herb PNCO Endemic taxa Ericaceae Erica maesta Low shrub PNCO Important taxa Ericaceae Erica simulans Low shrub PNCO Endemic taxa Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia bothae Succulent shrub PNCO Endemic taxa Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heptagona Succulent shrub PNCO Endemic taxa Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia stellata Leaf-succulent PNCO Endemic taxa Dwarf Shrub Hyacinthaceae Drimia hyacinthoides Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Hyacinthaceae Ledebouria hypoxidioides Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Hyacinthaceae Ornithogalum sp. nov. Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Hyacinthaceae Albuca dyeri Geophytic herb PNCO Endemic taxa Hyacinthaceae Dipcadi viride Geophytic herb PNCO Important taxa Hyacinthaceae Drimia intricata
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny and Revised Classification of Squamata, Including 4161 Species of Lizards and Snakes
    BMC Evolutionary Biology This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:93 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93 Robert Alexander Pyron ([email protected]) Frank T Burbrink ([email protected]) John J Wiens ([email protected]) ISSN 1471-2148 Article type Research article Submission date 30 January 2013 Acceptance date 19 March 2013 Publication date 29 April 2013 Article URL http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/93 Like all articles in BMC journals, this peer-reviewed article can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). Articles in BMC journals are listed in PubMed and archived at PubMed Central. For information about publishing your research in BMC journals or any BioMed Central journal, go to http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/authors/ © 2013 Pyron et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes Robert Alexander Pyron 1* * Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Frank T Burbrink 2,3 Email: [email protected] John J Wiens 4 Email: [email protected] 1 Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Diet in the Lamprophiidae Hiral Naik 452805
    The evolution of diet in the Lamprophiidae Hiral Naik 452805 A Dissertation submitted to the School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, South Africa July 2017 Declaration I declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work unless specifically acknowledged in the text. It has not been submitted previously for any degree or examination at any other university, nor has it been prepared under the aegis or with the assistance of any other body or organization or person outside of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. ______________ Hiral Naik 13/07/2017 1 Abstract Studying feeding biology in a phylogenetic context helps elucidate the factors that significantly influenced the evolutionary history of organisms. The snake lineage is one of the most morphologically and ecologically diverse clades of vertebrates due to a variety of traits (e.g. venom, body shape, gape size and habitat use) that have enabled their exceptional radiation. Recently, the Deep History Hypothesis (DHH) has been used to explain how divergence, deep in the evolutionary history of snakes, has resulted in present day niche preferences. The Competition-Predation Hypothesis (CPH) contrastingly attributes current ecological traits to recent species interactions. Diet has been a key factor in shaping snake diversity and ecology, and it has often been used as a proxy to understand current snake community structure and evolutionary trends in snakes. I tested the validity of the two evolutionary hypotheses in the Lamprophiidae, a family of primarily African snakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda
    Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda National Red List for Uganda for the following Taxa: Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Butterflies, Dragonflies and Vascular Plants JANUARY 2016 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research team and authors of the Uganda Redlist comprised of Sarah Prinsloo, Dr AJ Plumptre and Sam Ayebare of the Wildlife Conservation Society, together with the taxonomic specialists Dr Robert Kityo, Dr Mathias Behangana, Dr Perpetra Akite, Hamlet Mugabe, and Ben Kirunda and Dr Viola Clausnitzer. The Uganda Redlist has been a collaboration beween many individuals and institutions and these have been detailed in the relevant sections, or within the three workshop reports attached in the annexes. We would like to thank all these contributors, especially the Government of Uganda through its officers from Ugandan Wildlife Authority and National Environment Management Authority who have assisted the process. The Wildlife Conservation Society would like to make a special acknowledgement of Tullow Uganda Oil Pty, who in the face of limited biodiversity knowledge in the country, and specifically in their area of operation in the Albertine Graben, agreed to fund the research and production of the Uganda Redlist and this report on the Nationally Threatened Species of Uganda. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE .......................................................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Handbook on the Rare, Threatened & Endemic Species of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park
    f A HANDBOOK ON THE RARE, THREATENED & ENDEMIC SPECIES OF THE GREATER ST LUCIA WETLAND PARK A product of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park Rare, Threatened & Endemic Species Project Combrink & Kyle June 2006 St Lucia Office: The Dredger Harbour, Private Bag x05, St Lucia 3936 Tel No. +27 35 590 1633, Fax No. +27 35 590 1602, e-mail [email protected] 2 “Suddenly, as rare things will, it vanished” Robert Browning A photograph taken in 2003 of probably the last known Bonatea lamprophylla, a recently (1976) described terrestrial orchid that was known from three small populations, all within the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park. Nothing was known on the biology or life history of this species, except that it produced spectacular flowers between September and October. This orchid might have to be reclassified in the future as extinct. Suggested citation for this product: Combrink, A.S. and Kyle, R. 2006. A Handbook on the Rare, Threatened & Endemic Species of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park. A product of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park - Rare, Threatened & Endemic Species Project. Unpublished internal report. 191 pp. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 FOREWORD............................................................................................................................................ 6 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 7 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 2. the Totality of Locally Collected
    Apppendix 2 . The totality of locally collected fauna species from within the City of Cape Town and related information. Class Scientific Name Common N Harvest Common Capture Red List Indigenous-ness Source References Names target usage status (English / Afrikaans ) Aves Alpochen Egyptian 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally Cape Town L. Isaacs, aegyptiaca goose source snare Concern indigenous general personal communication Reptilia Amplorhinus Many spotted 1 Animal Medicine Hand Not listed Locally Cape Town Harvester multimaculatus snake indigenous general informants, personal communication Aves Anas capensis Cape teal 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally All L. Isaacs, source snare Concern indigenous waterways personal communication Aves Anas Red-billed 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally All L. Isaacs, erythrorhyncha teal source snare Concern indigenous waterways personal communication Aves Anas Mallard 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally All L. Isaacs, platyrhynchos source snare Concern indigenous waterways personal communication Aves Anas smithii Cape 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally All L. Isaacs, shoveller source snare Concern indigenous waterways personal communication Aves Anas sparsa African black 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally All L. Isaacs, duck source snare Concern indigenous waterways personal communication Aves Anas undulata Yellow-billed 1 Animal Food Trap / Least Locally All L. Isaacs, duck source snare Concern indigenous waterways personal communication Mammalia Arctocephalus Cape fur seal 1 Animal Medicine Hand Least
    [Show full text]
  • Table S3.1. Habitat Use of Sampled Snakes. Taxonomic Nomenclature
    Table S3.1. Habitat use of sampled snakes. Taxonomic nomenclature follows the current classification indexed in the Reptile Database ( http://www.reptile-database.org/ ). For some species, references may reflect outdated taxonomic status. Individual species are coded for habitat association according to Table 3.1. References for this table are listed below. Habitat use for species without a reference were inferred from sister taxa. Broad Habitat Specific Habit Species Association Association References Acanthophis antarcticus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis laevis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial O'Shea, 1996 Acanthophis praelongus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis pyrrhus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis rugosus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis wellsi Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Achalinus meiguensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Wang et al., 2009 Achalinus rufescens Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Das, 2010 Acrantophis dumerili Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Acrantophis madagascariensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Acrochordus arafurae Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Murphy, 2012 Acrochordus granulatus Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Acrochordus javanicus Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Acutotyphlops kunuaensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Acutotyphlops subocularis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014
    [Show full text]