DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents: Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents: Table of Contents EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL VIII DEVELOPMENT Data Collection and Analysis for Sustainable Forest Management in ACP Countries - Linking National and International Efforts EC-FAO PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMME (1998-2002) Tropical forestry Budget line B7-6201/97-15/VIII/FOR PROJECT GCP/INT/679/EC Woodfuel review and assessment in Seychelles By Helda Antoine Ministry of Environment and Transport Division of Environment May, 2000 Mahe, Seychelles This report has been produced as an out put of the EC-FAO Partnership Programme (1998-2002) - Project GCP/INT/679/EC Data Collection and Analysis for Sustainable Forest Management in ACP Countries - Linking National and International Efforts. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the EC or the FAO. This paper has been minimally edited for clarity and style 1 Table of contents: Table of contents:..............................................................................................................2 Country Background........................................................................................................ 3 1. The trend in the use of fuelwood consumption ...................................................... 3 1.1. Forestry Situation in Seychelles...............................................................................3 1.1.1. Forest area.......................................................................................................3 1.2. Present Review of the existing data related to woodfuel (fuelwood and charcoal)...........................................................................................................................5 1.2.1. Charcoal ..........................................................................................................5 II. Analysis if the past, present and foreseeable trend of woodfuels, its supply, demand, consumption and trade in the context of local sub-national and national level. .............................................................................................................6 III. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 8 Literature consulted.......................................................................................................... 9 2 Country Background The Republic of Seychelles comprises a group of 115 islands located in the Western Indian Ocean between 4 and 11 degrees South of the equator. Its land area is 45 500 ha. 41 islands are granitic and they include the so-called inner islands, of which Mahe (15500 ha), Praslin (3,800 ha) and La Digue (1 000 ha) are the most important ones. All the granitic islands are situated within a distance of 50 km from Mahe. The rest of the islands are coralline, raising only a few metres above the sea level. The Climate is equatorial with an average annual rainfall of 2 200 mm. Humidity is uniformly high at an average of 80% and mean temperature ranges from 24 to 30ºC. The prevailing winds are the Northwest (December to March) and Southeast (May to October) monsoons. 1. The trend in the use of fuelwood consumption The report describes a situation dominated by fuelwood and an overall rapid consumption reduction contrary to the report provided by S. Amous. The reason is as follows: In 1981, the National Youth Service (NYS) was launched where more than 2000 students have to undertake a two-year service in the institution. This institution constituted the major source of fuelwood consumption mainly to cook food for the 2000 students per year. From 1982-1989, the number of students joining the NYS kept increasing and so did the fuelwood consumption. It was in 1992, that the fuelwood consumption decreased and this correlated to the phasing out of one year in the NYS. The use of fuel wood decreased gradually, as fewer students were joining the institution and in 1998, the NYS was phased out completely and the use of fuel wood consumption decreased dramatically. 1.1. Forestry Situation in Seychelles The Forestry Section within the Division of Environment under the Ministry of Environment and Transport is responsible for the controlling and management of the forest resources of the country. 1.1.1. Forest area No systematic forest inventories have been carried out in Seychelles and the available data are limited to a study by P.T. Henry (1976), which can be considered outdated. Based on aerial photo interpretation and field checking done by INDUFOR Oy in 1993, it is estimated that the forest area of Mahe, Praslin, Curieuse, La Digue and Silhouette islands is 17 600 ha. The outer islands of Seychelles are estimated to have additional 23 000 ha of forests of which nearly 15 000 ha are within National Parks or other protected areas. It should be noted that according to INDUFOR Oy this might be an overestimation. 3 Table: 1.1.1 Forest Area Island Total Area Forest Area Of which in Plantations (ha) (ha) (ha) National Parks (ha) Mahe 15 470 11 740 2 980 410 Praslin 3 760 2 970 330 50 Curieuse 290 290 290 20 La Digue 1 010 760 30 0 Silhouette 2 000 1 840 0 0 Others 23 010 23 000 14 810 4 400 Total 45 540 40 600 18 440 4 880 The total area of forestland on Mahe is 11, 740 ha of which 2,980 ha are located inside the Morne Seychelles National Park. The Park also includes 100 ha of forest plantations originally established for production purposes. Total area of Mahe is 15 470 which means that the island’s forest coverage is 76%. Forestland on Praslin and Curieuse add up to 3,260 ha. 11% of the forests are within the Praslin National Park. La Digue Island has 760 ha of forestland. Silhouette is mostly covered by vegetation of which 1,840 ha is classified as forestland. The bulk (4 400 ha) of the estimated plantation area (4 880 ha) is on “other islands”. The amount of plantations on “other island” may be a gross over-estimate, but the situation could not have been checked, as field visits to the outer islands were not possible because of their remoteness and distance to the main islands. The above-mentioned plantation area of the “other islands” is assumed to contain largely non-planted Casuarina forests. It is estimated that the forest area is 40, 600 ha, i.e. 90% of the land area. Most of the forests are natural but there are a few plantations, including Casuarina (Casuarina equisitifolia), which cover about 4, 800 ha. About 25% of the plantations that have been established are for protection purposes, e.g. stabilisation of the reclaimed land such as the Casuarina equisitifolia (40 ha) rather than for fuelwood consumption. More than 45% of the forests are within the National Parks or other conservation areas. The economic importance of the forestry sector is perceived as marginal. The Sectoral GDP contribution, including wood industries is no more than 0.4% (1990) but it has been increasing during the last few years. The Value Added in the sectoral gross output is significantly higher than in the economy on average. This adds to the justification of utilisation of forest resources in a sustainable way for meeting the country’s internal demand. The wood production has not been able to respond to the growing needs of raw materials in the processing industries, which is reflected in the increasing import dependency. 4 However, the indirect economic and environmental benefits of the sector are considerable. The amenity provided by the forests is important for the tourism industry. The vulnerable water supply is highly dependent on the vegetation cover provided by the forests. 1.2. Present Review of the existing data related to woodfuel (fuelwood and charcoal) Over the last 20 years the Ex-National Youth Service (NYS) 1981-1998 used to be a major fuelwood user as food in the student villages (over 1000 students in the villages per year) was cooked by using fuelwood. The substantial consumption (estimated at about 3 500- 4 000 m3) was largely met by Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) trees supplied from Desroches Island by the Island Development Company (IDC). In 1998, the National Youth Service was phased out and production of fuelwood from the island also ceased because the market no longer existed. Some traditional bakeries still bake bread using fuelwood but however, the number is continuously declining because of the cost involve to harvest the wood from the forest and also because of the procedures impose by the government regarding the felling of trees. Another reason is that the tradition is also dying and bread is now being baked in electric and gas oven. Still today, on Mahe there are about 7 of such bakeries still using fuelwood for the business and on average they are consuming 75 m3 /year of fuelwood. 1.2.1. Charcoal The annual production is estimated to be 50 tons per year. The main users produced their own charcoal using wood from their property that borders forest areas or from the state forests. Charcoal is produced in the forest areas using logging waste and a permit is needed to carry out this activity. The sawmill at Grand Anse converts part of its production waste into charcoal. Charcoal is also produced on some of the outer Coraline Islands such as on Desroches Island and on some other islands managed by the Island Development Company (IDC). A few hotels and restaurants also produce their own charcoal for their barbecue. It is estimated that the hotels and restaurants consume 40 tons of charcoal annually. The use of charcoal in hotel and restaurant establishment is slowly diminishing as the hotels and restaurants
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Market Snapshot Seychelles Hundred Islands of Paradise
    FEBRUARY 2018 PRICE: US$250 MARKET SNAPSHOT SEYCHELLES HUNDRED ISLANDS OF PARADISE Larissa Lam Manager Daniel J Voellm Managing Partner HVS.com HVS | Level 7, Nan Fung Tower, 88 Connaught Road, Central, Hong Kong Seychelles Tourism Records Stable Growth Seychelles continues to prove its popularity in the European market as a hideaway holiday destination while gaining reputation in the Middle Eastern and Asian markets. Republic of Seychelles is an archipelago of 116 islands located in the Western Indian Ocean east of East Africa. Across all 116 islands, Seychelles has a total land area of 455 square kilometers. The country consists of two distinct island groups: the Mahé group, in the north, and a chain of low-lying coral islands stretching away to the south. All of the country’s principal islands belong to the Mahé group; they include Mahé Island (the largest at 27 kilometers long and 11 kilometers wide), Praslin Island, Silhouette, La Digue and 28 smaller islands. The 83 coral islands are largely without water resources, and most are uninhabited. The population of Seychelles (2017 estimate) is 93,920. Victoria, on Mahé Island, is the capital, principal city and leading port of Seychelles. While more than 75% of the country’s population lives on Mahé Island, about 10% on Praslin, and others on La Digue and the outer islands. ANSE INTENDANCE, MAHÉ Visitor Arrivals Seychelles is known for its coral beaches, opportunities for water sports, UNESCO heritage sites, its abundant wildlife and nature reserves and its year-long tropical climate. The government of Seychelles strictly controls tourism development in the country to protect and conserve the fragile ecosystem of the islands, and also to enable the long-term sustainability of the sector, which depends heavily on the country’s MARKET SNAPSHOT: SEYCHELLES - HUNDRED ISLANDS OF PARADISE | PAGE 2 ecological offerings.
    [Show full text]
  • Secret Seychelles Islands with Ponant Aboard Le Jacques Cartier
    SECRET SEYCHELLES ISLANDS WITH PONANT ABOARD LE JACQUES CARTIER Embark with PONANT on an expedition cruise to discover the most beautiful islands of the Seychelles. This 13-day itinerary aboard Le Jacques-Cartier will be an opportunity to discover little-known places of breathtaking natural beauty and an original fauna and flora. Leaving from Victoria, the archipelago’s capital, fall under the spell of the idyllic landscapes, with their exceptional flora and fauna. In Praslin, don’t miss the chance to visit the Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve. There you will find sea coconuts, gigantic fruits with a very evocative shape, nicknamed the “love nut”. You will discover the island of Aride, an unspoiled delight of the Indian Ocean, home to thousands of birds including some endemic species. During your cruise, you will have many opportunities to dive or snorkel, notably in Poivre, Assomption, Astove, and at the heart of the sublime coral reef in the Alphonse lagoon. Another highlight of your trip will be the port of call at Cosmoledo. This magnificent atoll owes its nickname, the Galapagos of the Indian Ocean, to the beauty of its unique underwater world. Diving in this paradise lagoon becomes an extraordinary experience. Before you return to Mahé, Le Jacques-Cartier will chart a course for the coral island of Desroches and the sublime beaches of La Digue, some of the most renowned of the Seychelles. The encounters with the wildlife described above illustrate possible experiences ITINERARY only and cannot be guaranteed. Day 1 VICTORIA, MAHÉ Discover Mahé, the main island of the Seychelles and also the largest of the archipelago, home to the capital, Victoria.
    [Show full text]
  • Desroches-Island.Pdf
    2012 FACT SHEET AMIRANTES GROUP OF ISLANDS I SEYCHELLES www.desroches-island.com JANUARY 2012 Location Desroches forms part of the Amirantes group of islands (a remote coral atoll), 230km south-west of Mahé in the Seychelles. Strewn with coconut trees, Desroches Island is approximately 6 km long, 1 km wide and boasts 14km of immaculate, white soft sandy beaches and crystal blue waters. This exclusive island is one of the most beautiful in the Indian Ocean. The island has only one luxurious resort with 20 Beach Suites and 26 Villas and 8 Retreats for guests to enjoy, all with sea-views and just a few steps from the beach. Located only 5˚ south of the equator Desroches is blessed with one of the world’s healthiest, malaria -free climates. Desroches is 10 hrs from London, 9 hrs from Paris, 8 hrs from Italy, 5 hrs from Johannesburg or Doha (Qatar) and 4 hrs from Dubai. BEACH SUITES Located around the central area, dining room, swimming pool and spa, the 20 luxuriously spacious BEACH SUITES BEACH Beach Suites are ideally built along the west-facing beach. Set amongst tropical gardens, palm trees and green lawns, the Beach Suites are just a few metres from the beach. – Each air-conditioned beach suite offers privacy with its own veranda, lounge area, flat screen TV and mini bar. Well designed bathrooms feature double basins, a covered outdoor bath, an outdoor shower and a separate toilet and bidet. To add to your exclusive experience, a choice of either in-suite dining or private dinners on the beach, where the waves lap gently against the soft white sand; are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 365 Issued by National
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 365 ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATU HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. June 1992 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SOVIET- ERICAN EXPEDITION TO THE SEUCHELLES ISWDS The First Soviet-American Expedition in arine Biology to the Seychelles Islands was organized by the Institute of arine Biobgy, Far East Branc of the USSR Academy of Sciences, at the request of the SeycheIles Government. The Republic of the Seychelles Islands sought informari on the marine plane resources and productivity of benthic and planktonic corn Seychelles Bank. After discussing the program of w rrnent of Development of the Republic of the Seychelles Islands with the Deputy lvine Jandron, the following research objectives were established for the expedition: 1) To study the benthic marine biota and fouling processes of the Seychelles Islands, which represents a poorly investigated region of the Indian Ocean. 2) To provide the first analyses of the species composition of algal communities for several remote island groups (Farquhar Atoll, CBeeivy Atoll, Cosmoledo Atoll, hirantes Group) and to supplement previous knowledge on the algae of Aldabra Atoll, ah6 Island and Praslin Island. 3) To study the distribution of autotrophic organisms over the various reef systems and determine the depth ranges of algae, seagrasses and corals. 4) To evaluate the common algal and seagrass resources in the area of study, particularly species of commercial interest. 5) To estimate the production potential of the major producers of organic matter on Seychelles reefs; i.e., benthic macroalgae, seagrasses, reef building corals and phytoplankton. 6) To assess the prevalent environmental parameters of the various island groups studied: e.g., optical characteristics of the water, seawater temperatures, nutrient contents, oxygen levels, pH and current velocities.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultimate Seychelles Bird List February 2020 | Compiled by Pepper Trail
    Ultimate Seychelles Bird List February 2020 | Compiled by Pepper Trail 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 At Sea Assumption Aldabra Aldabra Cosmoledo Astove At Sea Alphonse Poivre Desroches Praslin La Digue Mahe Galliforms Gray Francolin Pigeons and Doves Rock Pigeon X European Turtle-Dove X Madagascar Turtle-Dove x X X X X X Zebra Dove X X X X X Comoro Blue-Pigeon x X X Seychelles Blue-Pigeon x X X X Cuckoos Madagascar Coucal x X Nightjars Madagascar Nightjar Swifts Seychelles Swiftlet x X Rails, Gallinules & Allies White-throated Rail x X ? Eurasian Moorhen Plovers Black-bellied Plover x X X X X Pacific Golden-Plover Ultimate Seychelles Bird List February 2020 | Compiled by Pepper Trail 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 At Sea Assumption Aldabra Aldabra Cosmoledo Astove At Sea Alphonse Poivre Desroches Praslin La Digue Mahe Lesser Sand-Plover x X Greater Sand-Plover x X X Common Ringed Plover Sandpipers Whimbrel x X X X X X X Eurasian Curlew Bar-tailed Godwit Ruddy Turnstone x X X X X X Curlew Sandpiper x X X Sanderling x X X Little Stint Terek Sandpiper Common Sandpiper x X Common Greenshank x X X X Wood Sandpiper Crab-Plover x X X X X X Gulls and Terns Brown Noddy x X X X X X X X X Lesser Noddy x X White Tern x X X X X X X X X Sooty Tern Bridled Tern x X X X Saunders’s Tern White-winged Tern Roseate Tern Ultimate Seychelles Bird List February 2020 | Compiled by Pepper Trail 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 At Sea Assumption Aldabra Aldabra Cosmoledo Astove At Sea Alphonse Poivre Desroches Praslin La Digue Mahe Black-naped
    [Show full text]
  • Seychelles Odyssey a Voyage to the Inner & Outer Seychelles Aboard the Silver Discoverer 7 Th to 19Th January 2018 Aldabra Traditional Dhows
    SPECIAL Offer - SA VE £500 PER P ERSON SEYCHELLES ODYSSEY A voyage to the Inner & Outer Seychelles aboard the silver Discoverer 7 th to 19th January 2018 Aldabra Traditional Dhows oin us aboard the luxurious Silver Discoverer as we explore the bountiful islands of the Indian Ocean. The Seychelles islands are some of the most captivating tropical islands in the world; spread out over a vastJ area of the Indian Ocean they offer everything from quiet sophistication and enchanting scenery to wild, remote and uninhabited nature reserves. From the little-visited Aldabra and Amirantes group to the relative sophistication of Praslin and Mahe, these islands offer the visitor a tropical beauty that is difficult, if not impossible to match anywhere else in the world. Few ships in the world are allowed to visit the remote and environmentally fragile islands of the Outer Seychelles Group and we are fortunate that the Silver Discoverer is one of them. It is a great privilege to be able to land on the untouched beaches of Aldabra, the breeding ground for thousands of giant tortoise and home to some of the rarest birds in the Indian Ocean. To explore the abundant crystal clear waters of the vast lagoon and to set foot on atolls which have never been exploited by the hand of man is a rare experience. We know the region well having operated vessels here for the past twenty five years and those who have sailed with us through these extraordinary waters have experienced the magic of dropping anchor off a remote atoll at first light to watch the dawn illuminate the watery horizon.
    [Show full text]
  • (Dala) 2013 Floods a Report by the Government of Seychelles
    NIGERIA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 2012 Floods A Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Seychelles Damage, Loss, Public Disclosure Authorized and Needs Assessment (DaLA) 2013 Floods A report by the Government of Seychelles June 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized With support from the European Union, the United Nations, and the World Bank With financial support from: Photos: Courtesy of the Government of Seychelles; Isabelle Forge. Design/Layout: [email protected] Disclaimer: (DaLA) report. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement of acceptance of such boundaries. © 2013 i Seychelles Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment (DaLA) 2013 Floods A report by the Government of Seychelles June 2013 With support from the European Union, the United Nations, and the World Bank Panoramic view of Seychelles. Photo: Thinkstock.com On January 27–28, 2013, heavy rains resulting from tropical cyclone Felleng caused severe flooding and landslides in the Seychelles, particularly in three districts on the southeast coast of Mahé (Au Cap, Pointe Larue, and Cascade), as well as on the nearby islands of Praslin and La Digue. iii FOREWORD ropical Storm “Felleng”’s proximity to Seychelles on the week of the 27th Janu- ary brought with it heavy rain causing severe flooding in five districts: Anse Aux TPins, Au Cap and Pointe Larue which were declared “disaster zones” and Cas- cade and La Digue island which were also significantly affected. Hundreds of house- holds were affected, dozens of families were displaced, infrastructure was damaged beyond repair and many farms were destroyed.
    [Show full text]
  • Seychelles National Report Phase 1: Integrated Problem Analysis
    Global Environment Facility GEF MSP Sub-Saharan Africa Project (GF/6010-0016): “Development and Protection of the Coastal and Marine Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa” SEYCHELLES NATIONAL REPORT PHASE 1: INTEGRATED PROBLEM ANALYSIS Terry Jones (National Coordinator), Rolph Payet, Katy Beaver and Michel Nalletamby March 2002 Disclaimer: The content of this document represents the position of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views or official policies of the Government of Seychelles, ACOPS, IOC/UNESCO or UNEP. The components of the GEF MSP Sub-Saharan Africa Project (GF/6010-0016) "Development and Protection of the Coastal and Marine Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa" have been supported, in cash and kind, by GEF, UNEP, IOC-UNESCO, the GPA Coordination Office and ACOPS. Support has also been received from the Governments of Canada, The Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom and the USA, as well as the Governments of Côte d'Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa and Tanzania. Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. i Seychelles Country Profile................................................................................................................... ixv Chapter 1 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Population and Economy .......................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Seychelles Coastal Management Plan 2019–2024 Mahé Island, Seychelles
    Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Seychelles Coastal Management Plan 2019–2024 Mahé Island, Seychelles. Photo: 35007 Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Seychelles Coastal Management Plan 2019–2024 © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change of Seychelles. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent, and the European Union. In addition, the European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denomina- tions, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Atollbulletin Tsunamis Coral Reefs
    This special edition of the tsunami impacts on coral reefs was made possible by the generous contribution of Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation which is dedicated to the conservation and restoration of our living oceans (www.livingoceansfoundation.org). ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 544 TSUNAMIS AND CORAL REEFS Edited by David R. Stoddart ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. JULY 2007 !#+./7,%$'-%.4 4HE!TOLL2ESEARCH"ULLETINISISSUEDBYTHE3MITHSONIAN)NSTITUTIONTOPROVIDEAN OUTLETFORINFORMATIONONTHEBIOTAOFTROPICALISLANDSANDREEFSANDONTHEENVIRONMENT THATSUPPORTSTHEBIOTA 4HIS ISSUE IS PARTLY lNANCED AND DISTRIBUTED WITH FUNDS FROM !TOLL 2ESEARCH"ULLETINREADERSANDAUTHORS 4HE"ULLETINWASFOUNDEDINANDTHElRSTNUMBERSWEREISSUEDBYTHE0ACIlC 3CIENCE "OARD .ATIONAL !CADEMY OF 3CIENCES WITH lNANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THE /FlCE OF .AVAL 2ESEARCH )TS PAGES WERE DEVOTED LARGELY TO REPORTS RESULTING FROM THE 0ACIlC 3CIENCE"OARDS#ORAL!TOLL0ROGRAM ??????????????????????????????????? !LL STATEMENTS MADE IN PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE !TOLL 2ESEARCH "ULLETIN ARE THE SOLERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEAUTHORSANDDONOTNECESSARILYREPRESENTTHEVIEWSOFTHE 3MITHSONIANNOROFTHEEDITORSOFTHE"ULLETIN ??????????????????????????????????? !RTICLESSUBMITTEDFORPUBLICATIONINTHE!TOLL2ESEARCH"ULLETINSHOULDBEORIGINAL PAPERSINAFORMATSIMILARTOTHATFOUNDINRECENTISSUESOFTHE"ULLETIN&IRSTDRAFTS OFMANUSCRIPTSSHOULDBEDOUBLE SPACEDANDCANBESENTTOANYOFTHEEDITORS!FTERTHE MANUSCRIPTHASBEENREVIEWEDANDACCEPTED THEAUTHORWILLBEPROVIDEDWITHAPAGEFORMAT WHICHWILLBEUSEDTOPREPAREASINGLE
    [Show full text]
  • The Study for Coastal Erosion and Flood Control Management in the Republic of Seychelles
    MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES THE STUDY FOR COASTAL EROSION AND FLOOD CONTROL MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES FINAL REPORT SUMMARY MARCH 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) CENTRAL CONSULTANT INC. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. GE JR 10-070 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES THE STUDY FOR COASTAL EROSION AND FLOOD CONTROL MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES FINAL REPORT SUMMARY MARCH 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) CENTRAL CONSULTANT INC. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. Exchange Rate US$ 1 = SCR 11.381 = JPY 102.19 February 2014 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................ 1-1 1-1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 1-2 Objectives and Study Area ................................................................................................. 1-1 1-3 Study Components and Methods ........................................................................................ 1-1 1-4 Execution of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2 Basic Study .................................................................................. 2-1 2-1 Natural Conditions ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2-2 Socio-economic
    [Show full text]
  • Four Seasons Twin
    T H E S E Y C H E L L E S A F R I C A H U B T r u s t e d i n s i d e r k n o w l e d g e f r o m h a n d p i c k e d e x p e r t s F O U R S E A S O N S T W I N I N P A R T N E R S H I P W I T H H U M M I N G B I R D T R A V E L Mahé Island, La Digue Island, Desroches Island 8 nights W W W . T H E A F R I C A H U B . C O . U K I T I N E R A R Y W H O ? Couples | Families | Photographers | Birders & Naturalists Groups O V E R V I E W of Friends | Active Individuals | Outdoor Enthusiasts H I G H L I G H T S 4 nights | Four Seasons Resort Seychelles The tiny capital city - Victoria with its Clock-tower (a twin of 4 nights | Four Seasons at Desroches Island London’s Victoria Station), local crafts & colourful market Driving through Mahé’s Sans Soucis mountain pass followed by a hike at Morne Seychelles National Park Pairing up two of the most gorgeous Four Beau Vallon Beach, one of the liveliest places to go for dinner or Seasons properties, this 8-night itinerary for cocktails on Mahé and is also a spectacular beach with great gives you the best of both words with four views towards Silhouette Island.
    [Show full text]