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Bryophytes of the 'Torfowisko Bory'

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Bryophytes of the 'Torfowisko Bory' ISSN 1211-3026 Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 61: 77-83, 2012 DOI: 10.2478/v10210-012-0007-1 Bryophytes of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area in Sosnowiec (Silesian Upland, Poland) Adam Stebel & Dorota Smoli ńska Bryophytes of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area in Sosnowiec (Silesian Upland, Poland). – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 61: 77-83, 2012. Abstract: In 2004-2005 and 2010-2011 bryological investigations were carried out in the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area located in Sosnowiec in Silesian Upland. In total, 11 species and 1 variety of liverworts and 62 species and 1 variety of mosses were discovered in the study area. The most interesting bryophytes include Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid., Limprichtia cossonii (Schimp.) L. E. Anderson, H. A. Crum & W. R. Buck , Philonotis tomentella Molendo, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs, Riccardia chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle and Riccardia incurvata Lindb. Keywords: bryophytes, mosses, liverworts, distribution, ecological area, Silesian Upland, Sosnowiec, Silesia Province, Poland Introduction In the industrialized and urbanized areas natural patches of vegetation are rare. In Silesian Upland, which is a strongly changed by human impact area, especially valuable are peat-bogs. In southern part of Sosnowiec town interesting complex of forest and peat-bog vegetation exists. Taking into consideration its nature values in 2002 it has been protected by law (only part of the peat-bog on the area of 6.68 ha) as an ecological area and named ‘Torfowisko Bory’ (Anonymus 2002). The ‘Torfowisko Bory’ is a sand-pit in which exploitation of the mineral source probably ceased in the period just prior to the Second World War (Chmura, Molenda 2007, 2008). Closed or abandoned excavations of mineral resources are in many cases habitats of numerous protected and endangered bryophytes and till this time a lot of papers concerning these objects have been published (for example Stebel 2006a). This paper presents the diversity of bryophyte flora of the whole abandoned sand-pit located to the south of Czerpakowa Street in Sosnowiec, including ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area. In the further part of the work the term ‘Torfowisko Bory’ will be use for the whole investigated area. Study area The abandoned sand-pit lies in Sosnowiec-Maczki and covers an area of about 30 ha. It is situated between longitudes 19º15 ′34.00 ″ and 19º16 ′27.72 ″ E and latitudes 50º16 ′26.17 ″ and 50º16 ′37.94˝ N. The northern border is the Czerpakowa Street, western the Maczkowska Street, southern railway line and eastern the Le śna Street. In the area Pinus sylvestris forest predominates. Small parts are covered by Alnus glutinosa and mixed forest. In the wet depressions peat-bog vegetation from the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae class, mainly Rhynchosporetum albae association, occurs. In small water-bodies and margins of peat-bogs plant communities from the Phragmitetea class, mainly Phragmitetum australis , grow (Fig. 1). The area is a place of occurrence of many protected by law and threatened vascular plants, such as Drosera anglica Huds., D. intermedia Hayne, D. x obovata Mert. & W.D.J.Koch, D. rotundifolia L., Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, E. palustris (L.) Crantz, Ledum palustre L., Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich., Lycopodium annotinum L., Oxycoccus palustris Pers., Pinguicula vulgari s L. subsp. bicolor (Woł.) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb. and Utricularia minor L. At present, the most valuable peat-bog communities are strongly endangered by succession of thicket and forest communities as well as Phragmites australis expansion. 77 Aim of the study and research methods Bryological investigations were conducted in 2004-2005 and 2010-2011. Their aim was to establish the number and frequency of bryophyte species, as well as to present the floristic characteristics of habitats and identify their key bryological value. List of species is arranged in the alphabetical order and set in Table 1. For each species the following information is given: frequency (scale: 1-2 records, very rare; 3-5, rare; 6-15, frequent; over 15, common), habitat as well as observations on the presence of sporophytes and gemmae. Bryophyte nomenclature mainly follows Klama (2006a) and Ochyra et al . (2003). Protected species in Poland are given after ‘Regulation of the Minister of the Environment’ (Anonymus 2012), threatened species in Poland after Klama (2006b) and Żarnowiec et al. (2004) and in Silesia Province after Stebel et al. (2012). General characteristics of the bryoflora The bryoflora of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ comprises 11 species and 1 variety of liverworts and 62 species and 1 variety of mosses (Table 1). The analysis of frequency showed (Fig. 2) that, as in most local floras, the largest group was the very rare taxa (33.3% of the bryoflora), whereas the smalest the common bryophytes (13.3%). Sporophytes were observed in 37 taxa (49.3% of the bryoflora) and gemmae in 5 (6.7%). Bryophytes grew on various types of habitats. Most taxa (49.3% of the bryoflora) occurred in terrestrial habitats, whereas the lowest number of species (2.7%) was noted in epilithic ones (Fig. 3). In the bryoflora of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ there are 10 strictly protected taxa, 13 partly protected, 4 threatened in Poland and 6 threatened in Silesia Province. Interesting components of the bryoflora In the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ some notable bryophytes occur (Fig. 4): Campylopus introflexus – invasive moss in Europe. Nowadays in Silesia Province known from a dozen or so localities (Stebel 2010). In the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ it was found in autumn 2011 in small quantity on rotten stump in coniferous forest. Limprichtia cossonii – paludicolous moss, known from scattered localities in Silesian Upland (Stebel, Fojcik 2003), theratened on this area. In the “Torfowisko Bory” it has been observed since 2004 only on one place. Its population still decreases mainly because of overgrown by Carex spp. species and other vascular plants. Philonotis tomentella – moss treated sometimes as subspecies or variety of the common Ph. fontana (Hedw.) Brid. In the “Torfowisko Bory” it has been observed since 2004 in one place on the area of about 3 square metres. It was reported from this area earlier as Ph. fontana (Stebel 2005). Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides – very rare moss, glacial relict, in Silesian Upland occurs in scattered localities only in its eastern part. In the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ it was found in small quantity by Ł. Krajewski in 2011. Riccardia chamedryfolia – liverwort new to the bryoflora of Silesian Upland. The first herbarium specimens from ‘Torfowisko Bory’ originate from 2004, at present this species is frequent in this area, in many places occurs abundantly. Riccardia incurvata – very rare liverwort. In the ‘Torfowisko Bory” several small patches were observed on bare peat in 2004 and 2005 (Stebel 2006b). Recently not confirmed and place of its occurrence has been overgrown by Carex spp., species and Phragmites australis . According to Szweykowski (2006) forms of this species occurring on peat bogs need a critical study. Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Łukasz Krajewski for information about occurrence of Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides in the study area. 78 References Anonymus (2002): Rozporz ądzenie nr 20/2002 Wojewody Śląskiego z dnia 15.05.2002 r. Dz. Urz. Woj. Śl. Nr 36/02, poz. 1317. - (2012): Rozporz ądzenie ministra środowiska z 5 stycznia 2012 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej ro ślin. Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 0 (2012), 81. Chmura D. & Molenda T. (2007): The anthropogenic mire communities of the Silesian Upland (S Poland): a case of selected exploitation hollows. – Nature Conservation 64: 57-63. - (2008): Antropogeniczne mokradła Wy żyny Śląskiej (na przykładzie wyrobisk poeksploatacyjnych). In: Żurek S. (ed.) Torfowiska gór i wy żyn. Kielce, pp. 29-38. Klama H. (2006a): Systematic catalogue of Polish liverwort and hornwort taxa. In: Szweykowski J., An annotated checklist of Polish liverworts and hornworts. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków: pp. 83-100. - (2006b): Red list of the liverworts and hornworts in Poland. In: Z. Mirek, K. Zarzycki, W. Wojewoda & Z. Szel ąg (eds), Red list of plants and fungi in Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków: pp. 23-33. Ochyra R., Żarnowiec J., Bednarek-Ochyra H. (2003): Census Catalogue of Polish Mosses. W Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. Stebel A. (2005): Musci macroregioni meridionali Poloniae exsiccati. Fasciculus XLIII (No. 1401-1450). Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice: pp. 15. - (2006a): New bryophyte data for mineral workings in Upper Silesia (Poland). In: A. Nowak & G. Hebda (eds), Biodiversity of quarries and pits, pp. 71-81. - (2006b): Atlas rozmieszczenia w ątrobowców chronionych Polski w województwie śląskim. – Materiały Opracowania 8: 1-37. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska, Katowice. - (2010): New data distribution of expansive mosses Campylopus introflexus and Orthodontium lineare in Silesia Province (Poland). – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 59: 185-188. Stebel A. & Fojcik B. (2003): Atlas rozmieszczenia mchów chronionych Polski w województwie śląskim. – Materiały Opracowania 7: 1-110. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska, Katowice. Stebel A., Fojcik B., Klama H. & Żarnowiec J. (2012): Czerwona lista mszaków województwa śląskiego – Red-list of threatened bryophytes of Silesia Province. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska w Katowiceach (in press). Szweykowski J. (2006): An annotated checklist of Polish liverworts and hornworts. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. Żarnowiec J., Stebel A., Ochyra R. (2004): Threatened moss species in the Polish Carpathians in the light of a new Red-list of mosses in Poland. In: A. Stebel & R. Ochyra (eds), Bryological studies in the Western Carpathians. Sorus, Pozna ń: 9-28. Fig. 1: General view of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ (Photo by A. Stebel, 17 May 2011). 79 Fig. 2: Frequency of mosses. 1 – very rare, 2 – rare, 3 – frequent, 4 – common. 1 22.7 2 49.3 3 2.7 Habitats 4 38.7 5 13.3 6 37.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Percentage of the flora Fig.
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