ISSN 1211-3026 Čas. Slez. Muz. (A), 61: 77-83, 2012 DOI: 10.2478/v10210-012-0007-1

Bryophytes of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area in Sosnowiec (Silesian Upland, )

Adam Stebel & Dorota Smoli ńska

Bryophytes of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area in Sosnowiec (Silesian Upland, Poland). – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 61: 77-83, 2012.

Abstract: In 2004-2005 and 2010-2011 bryological investigations were carried out in the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area located in Sosnowiec in Silesian Upland. In total, 11 and 1 variety of liverworts and 62 species and 1 variety of were discovered in the study area. The most interesting bryophytes include introflexus (Hedw.) Brid., Limprichtia cossonii (Schimp.) L. E. Anderson, H. A. Crum & W. R. Buck , Philonotis tomentella Molendo, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs, Riccardia chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle and Riccardia incurvata Lindb.

Keywords: bryophytes, mosses, liverworts, distribution, ecological area, Silesian Upland, Sosnowiec, Silesia Province, Poland

Introduction

In the industrialized and urbanized areas natural patches of vegetation are rare. In Silesian Upland, which is a strongly changed by human impact area, especially valuable are peat-bogs. In southern part of Sosnowiec town interesting complex of forest and peat-bog vegetation exists. Taking into consideration its nature values in 2002 it has been protected by law (only part of the peat-bog on the area of 6.68 ha) as an ecological area and named ‘Torfowisko Bory’ (Anonymus 2002). The ‘Torfowisko Bory’ is a sand-pit in which exploitation of the mineral source probably ceased in the period just prior to the Second World War (Chmura, Molenda 2007, 2008). Closed or abandoned excavations of mineral resources are in many cases habitats of numerous protected and endangered bryophytes and till this time a lot of papers concerning these objects have been published (for example Stebel 2006a). This paper presents the diversity of bryophyte flora of the whole abandoned sand-pit located to the south of Czerpakowa Street in Sosnowiec, including ‘Torfowisko Bory’ ecological area. In the further part of the work the term ‘Torfowisko Bory’ will be use for the whole investigated area.

Study area

The abandoned sand-pit lies in Sosnowiec-Maczki and covers an area of about 30 ha. It is situated between longitudes 19º15 ′34.00 ″ and 19º16 ′27.72 ″ E and latitudes 50º16 ′26.17 ″ and 50º16 ′37.94˝ N. The northern border is the Czerpakowa Street, western the Maczkowska Street, southern railway line and eastern the Le śna Street. In the area Pinus sylvestris forest predominates. Small parts are covered by Alnus glutinosa and mixed forest. In the wet depressions peat-bog vegetation from the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae class, mainly Rhynchosporetum albae association, occurs. In small water-bodies and margins of peat-bogs communities from the Phragmitetea class, mainly Phragmitetum australis , grow (Fig. 1). The area is a place of occurrence of many protected by law and threatened vascular , such as Drosera anglica Huds., D. intermedia Hayne, D. x obovata Mert. & W.D.J.Koch, D. rotundifolia L., Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, E. palustris (L.) Crantz, Ledum palustre L., Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich., Lycopodium annotinum L., Oxycoccus palustris Pers., Pinguicula vulgari s L. subsp. bicolor (Woł.) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb. and Utricularia minor L. At present, the most valuable peat-bog communities are strongly endangered by succession of thicket and forest communities as well as Phragmites australis expansion.

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Aim of the study and research methods

Bryological investigations were conducted in 2004-2005 and 2010-2011. Their aim was to establish the number and frequency of bryophyte species, as well as to present the floristic characteristics of habitats and identify their key bryological value. List of species is arranged in the alphabetical order and set in Table 1. For each species the following information is given: frequency (scale: 1-2 records, very rare; 3-5, rare; 6-15, frequent; over 15, common), habitat as well as observations on the presence of sporophytes and gemmae. Bryophyte nomenclature mainly follows Klama (2006a) and Ochyra et al . (2003). Protected species in Poland are given after ‘Regulation of the Minister of the Environment’ (Anonymus 2012), threatened species in Poland after Klama (2006b) and Żarnowiec et al. (2004) and in Silesia Province after Stebel et al. (2012).

General characteristics of the bryoflora

The bryoflora of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ comprises 11 species and 1 variety of liverworts and 62 species and 1 variety of mosses (Table 1). The analysis of frequency showed (Fig. 2) that, as in most local floras, the largest group was the very rare taxa (33.3% of the bryoflora), whereas the smalest the common bryophytes (13.3%). Sporophytes were observed in 37 taxa (49.3% of the bryoflora) and gemmae in 5 (6.7%). Bryophytes grew on various types of habitats. Most taxa (49.3% of the bryoflora) occurred in terrestrial habitats, whereas the lowest number of species (2.7%) was noted in epilithic ones (Fig. 3). In the bryoflora of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ there are 10 strictly protected taxa, 13 partly protected, 4 threatened in Poland and 6 threatened in Silesia Province.

Interesting components of the bryoflora

In the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ some notable bryophytes occur (Fig. 4): Campylopus introflexus – invasive in . Nowadays in Silesia Province known from a dozen or so localities (Stebel 2010). In the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ it was found in autumn 2011 in small quantity on rotten stump in coniferous forest. Limprichtia cossonii – paludicolous moss, known from scattered localities in Silesian Upland (Stebel, Fojcik 2003), theratened on this area. In the “Torfowisko Bory” it has been observed since 2004 only on one place. Its population still decreases mainly because of overgrown by Carex spp. species and other vascular plants. Philonotis tomentella – moss treated sometimes as subspecies or variety of the common Ph. fontana (Hedw.) Brid. In the “Torfowisko Bory” it has been observed since 2004 in one place on the area of about 3 square metres. It was reported from this area earlier as Ph. fontana (Stebel 2005). Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides – very rare moss, glacial relict, in Silesian Upland occurs in scattered localities only in its eastern part. In the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ it was found in small quantity by Ł. Krajewski in 2011. Riccardia chamedryfolia – liverwort new to the bryoflora of Silesian Upland. The first herbarium specimens from ‘Torfowisko Bory’ originate from 2004, at present this species is frequent in this area, in many places occurs abundantly. Riccardia incurvata – very rare liverwort. In the ‘Torfowisko Bory” several small patches were observed on bare peat in 2004 and 2005 (Stebel 2006b). Recently not confirmed and place of its occurrence has been overgrown by Carex spp., species and Phragmites australis . According to Szweykowski (2006) forms of this species occurring on peat bogs need a critical study.

Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Łukasz Krajewski for information about occurrence of Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides in the study area.

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References

Anonymus (2002): Rozporz ądzenie nr 20/2002 Wojewody Śląskiego z dnia 15.05.2002 r. Dz. Urz. Woj. Śl. Nr 36/02, poz. 1317. - (2012): Rozporz ądzenie ministra środowiska z 5 stycznia 2012 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej ro ślin. Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 0 (2012), 81. Chmura D. & Molenda T. (2007): The anthropogenic mire communities of the Silesian Upland (S Poland): a case of selected exploitation hollows. – Nature Conservation 64: 57-63. - (2008): Antropogeniczne mokradła Wy żyny Śląskiej (na przykładzie wyrobisk poeksploatacyjnych). In: Żurek S. (ed.) Torfowiska gór i wy żyn. Kielce, pp. 29-38. Klama H. (2006a): Systematic catalogue of Polish liverwort and hornwort taxa. In: Szweykowski J., An annotated checklist of Polish liverworts and hornworts. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków: pp. 83-100. - (2006b): Red list of the liverworts and hornworts in Poland. In: Z. Mirek, K. Zarzycki, W. Wojewoda & Z. Szel ąg (eds), Red list of plants and fungi in Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków: pp. 23-33. Ochyra R., Żarnowiec J., Bednarek-Ochyra H. (2003): Census Catalogue of Polish Mosses. W Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. Stebel A. (2005): Musci macroregioni meridionali Poloniae exsiccati. Fasciculus XLIII (No. 1401-1450). Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice: pp. 15. - (2006a): New bryophyte data for mineral workings in (Poland). In: A. Nowak & G. Hebda (eds), Biodiversity of quarries and pits, pp. 71-81. - (2006b): Atlas rozmieszczenia w ątrobowców chronionych Polski w województwie śląskim. – Materiały Opracowania 8: 1-37. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska, Katowice. - (2010): New data distribution of expansive mosses Campylopus introflexus and Orthodontium lineare in Silesia Province (Poland). – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 59: 185-188. Stebel A. & Fojcik B. (2003): Atlas rozmieszczenia mchów chronionych Polski w województwie śląskim. – Materiały Opracowania 7: 1-110. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska, Katowice. Stebel A., Fojcik B., Klama H. & Żarnowiec J. (2012): Czerwona lista mszaków województwa śląskiego – Red-list of threatened bryophytes of Silesia Province. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska w Katowiceach (in press). Szweykowski J. (2006): An annotated checklist of Polish liverworts and hornworts. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. Żarnowiec J., Stebel A., Ochyra R. (2004): Threatened moss species in the Polish Carpathians in the light of a new Red-list of mosses in Poland. In: A. Stebel & R. Ochyra (eds), Bryological studies in the Western Carpathians. Sorus, Pozna ń: 9-28.

Fig. 1: General view of the ‘Torfowisko Bory’ (Photo by A. Stebel, 17 May 2011).

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Fig. 2: Frequency of mosses. 1 – very rare, 2 – rare, 3 – frequent, 4 – common.

1 22.7

2 49.3

3 2.7

Habitats

4 38.7

5 13.3

6 37.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Percentage of the flora Fig. 3: Occurrence of mosses in the habitat types distinguished. 1 – soil, 2 – bark of living trees, 3 – rotten wood, 4 – rock, 5 – paludicolous, 6 – aquatic.

Fig. 4: Distribution of selected bryophytes. 1 – Campylopus introflexus , 2 – Limprichtia cossonii , 3 – Philonotis tomentella , 4 – Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides , 5 – Riccardia chamedryfolia , 6 – Riccardia incurvata .

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Fig. 5: Overleaf pellia Pellia epiphylla on damp soil, associated with Dicranella heteromalla (Photo by D. Smoli ńska, 21 October 2011).

Fig. 6: Flat-topped Bog-moss Sphagnum fallax , frequent species on the study area (Photo by D. Smoli ńska, 21 October 2011).

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Table 1: Bryophytes of the “Torfowisko Bory” ecological area.

SPECIES NAME I II III

Liverworts - Marchantiophyta 1. Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. v.r. F - 2. Calypogeia azurea Stotler & Crotz r. B, F - 3. Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. var. bicuspidata f. B, D s 4. Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. var. lammersiana (Huebener) Breidl. v.r. E - 5. Chiloscyphus pallescens (Hoffm.) Dumort. r. E - 6. Lophocolea heteropahylla (Schrad.) Dumort. c. A, B, D s 7. Marchantia polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier v.r. E g 8. Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda (Fig. 5) f B, E, F s 9. Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Weber) Vain. f. A, D - 10. !! * ♦ Riccardia chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle f. E, F - 11. !!* ♦ Riccardia incurvata Lindb. v.r. F - 12. Scapania irrigua (Nees) Nees v.r. D g Mosses - Bryophyta 1. Amblystegium juratzkanum Schimp. v.r. B, D, F s 2. Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. f. A, D s 3. Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. f. B s 4. ! Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. f. B, F - 5. Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen r. A, D s 6. Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. f. B, D s 7. Brachythecium salebrosum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. f. B, D s 8. Bryum argenteum Hedw. v.r. B, F - 9. Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. r. E, F s 10. ! Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske c. E, F s 11. ♦ Campylium polygamum (Schimp.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen v.r. F - 12. Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen var. stellatum f. F - 13. C. stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen var. protensum (Brid.) Bryhn. v.r. F - 14. Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. v.r. D - 15. Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. f. A, B, D s 16. ! Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr r. B - 17. Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce v.r. E - 18. Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. c. A, B, D s 19. Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Milde v.r. A g 20. ! Dicranum scoparium Hedw. c. A, B, D s 21. ! Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop. r. B s 22. ♦ Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. f. B, F s 23. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. r. B s 24. Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Z.Iwats. f. D s 25. ! Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. r. B - 26. Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. f. A, B, D - 27. Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P.Beauv. v.r. A s 28. ! ♦ Limprichtia cossonii (Schimp.) L.E.Anderson, H.A.Crum & W.R.Buck v.r. F - 29. Mnium hornum Hedw. f. A, B, D s 30. Orthodicranum montanum (Hedw.) Loeske r. A, D s 31. Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. v.r. C s 32. Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Loeske v.r. B - 33. !!* Philonotis tomentella Molendo v.r. F - 34. Plagiomnium affine (Funck) T.J.Kop. c. B, D - 35. Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. r. A, B, D s 36. Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. r. B, E - 37. Plagiothecium curvifolium Limpr. c. A, B, D s 38. Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. v.r. D s 39. ! Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. c. B, D - 40. Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. c. A, B, D s 41. Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. c. B, D s 42. ! Polytrichum commune Hedw. f. B, F s 43. Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. v.r. B - 44. !!* ♦ Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs v.r. F - 45. ! Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. f. B - 46. Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. r. B, D s 47. Rosulabryum capillare (Hedw.) J.R.Spence v.r. B s 48. Rosulabryum moravicum (Podp.) Ochyra & Stebel r. A, D g 49. Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske r. A, B, D s 50. Schistidium dupretii (Thér.) W.A.Weber. v.r. C s 51. Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium (Mitt.) Ignatov & Huttunen r. B s

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52. !! Sphagnum denticulatum Brid. v.r. F - 53. ! Sphagnum fallax (H.Klinggr.) H.Klinggr. (Fig. 6) f. F s 54. !! Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson c. B, D, F s 55. !! Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk. v.r. F - 56. !! Sphagnum inundatum Russow f. F - 57. ! Sphagnum squarrosum Crome f. B, F s 58. !! Sphagnum subsecundum Nees r. F - 59. !! Sphagnum teres (Ångstr.) Schimp. f. F - 60. Straminergon stramineum (Brid.) Hedenäs f. F - 61. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. r. D s, g 62. ! Thuidium assimile (Mitt.) A.Jaeger v.r. B - 63. Warnstorfia exannulata (Bruch & Schimp.) Loeske f. E, F -

Key:

!! – species strictly protected in Poland; ! – species partly protected in Poland; * – species threatened in Poland; ♦ – species threatened in Silesia Province. I. Frequency: c. – common; f. – frequent; r. – rare; v.r. – very rare. II. Habitats: A – epiphytic; B – terrestrial; C – epilithic; D – epixylic; E – aquatic; F – paludicolous III. Notes: g – gemmae were observed; s – sporophytes were observed.

Authors’ addresses: Adam Stebel & Dorota Smoli ńska, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Short notes

Expansion of the octopus stinkhorn Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring (1980) in Polish Silesia

Grzegorz Kopij

The octopus stinkhorn is a fungus species belonging to the family Phallaceae (Basidiomycota: Phallales). It has outstanding lookout resembling a red octopod producing an stinky odur, which is diagniotic to the whole family. It has been introduced from to Vogez in France in 1914 (Stengl-Rejthar, Wojewoda 1985). In the susequent years it has expanded its range all over France and neighbouring countries. In Poland, for the first time it was recorded in 1973 (Wojewoda, Wojewoda 2007). In this note an attempt has been made to list all records of this species from Polish Silesia (within the boundaries as in Dyrcz et al. 1991). Listed are both sites known from the literature, as well as those from internet and own unpublished records. In Poland, first record of this species was made in 1973 in Krzyzowe Hills (Lagiewniki county, Dolnoslaskie voivodship) (Wojewoda, Wojewoda 2007). Only 5 sites of this species were known from Silesia to the end of 20th century (Table 1). It appears that it started a rapid expansion in this region in the second part of the first decade of 21st century, when almost ¾ of all sites were recorded (Table 1). As shown in Table 1 the octopus stinkhorn is known at present in the whole territory of Polish Silesia. A total of 42 sites were recorded to the end of 2010, most of them (73.8%) in Lower Silesia, 11.9% in Upper Silesia (Slaskie Voivodship), 9.5% in Silesia and 4.8% in Zielonogorski Region. In physiographic regions, it is the most common in Sudety Foothills (26.2%), especially in Sleza Massive, and in Sudety Mountains (26.2%). There were 45 sites of the octopus stinkhorn in Poland known from the literature to the end of 2007 (Wojewoda, Karasinski 2007). Most of them were located in the Carpathians Mountains and only one from northern Poland (Wojewoda, Wojewoda 2007). In Sielsia the octopus stinkhorn inhabis various forest and parkland habitats, especially those with wet soils. It was exceptionally also recorded in meadows, orchards and grardens (unpublished data). It appears from July to October, exceptionally in November (Table 1). In the above data, it should be stated that the octopus stinkhorn is an expanding species both in regard to the space, time and habitats. A similar situation may exist in Czech Silesia and in south-eastern. However, there are still no information on the effect of this species on indigenous fungi.

References Chlebicki A. (1997): Nowe stanowiska smardzówki czeskiej Verpa bohemica , okratka australijskiego Clathrus archeri i czasznicy olbrzymiej Clavatia gigantea na Dolnym Śląsku. Chr. Przyr. ojcz., 53(1): 104-110. Dyrcz A., Grabi ński W., Stawarczyk T., Witkowski J. (1991): Ptaki Śląska – monografia faunistyczna. Wroclaw.

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