DOCSLIB.ORG

Globalization, Rights, and Judicial Review in the Supreme Court of India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Globalization, Rights, and Judicial Review in the Supreme Court of India Washington International Law Journal Volume 25 Number 3 Asian Courts and the Constitutional Politics of the Twenty-First Century 6-1-2016 Globalization, Rights, and Judicial Review in the Supreme Court of India Manoj Mate Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Courts Commons Recommended Citation Manoj Mate, Globalization, Rights, and Judicial Review in the Supreme Court of India, 25 Wash. L. Rev. 643 (2016). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol25/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Compilation © 2016 Washington International Law Journal Association GLOBALIZATION, RIGHTS, AND JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Manoj Mate † Abstract : This article examines the broader and evolving role of the Supreme Court of India in an era of globalization by examining the Court’s decision- making in rights-based challenges to economic liberalization, privatization, and development policies over the past three decades. While the Court has been mostly deferential in its review of these policies and projects, it has in many cases been active and instrumental in remaking and reshaping regulatory frameworks, bureaucratic structures, accountability norms, and in redefining the terrain of fundamental rights that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other litigants have invoked in challenges to these policies. This article argues that the Court has deployed rights as “structuring principles” in order to evaluate and review liberalization and privatization policies, based on constitutional or statutory illegality, arbitrariness or unreasonableness, or corruption, and framed rights as “substantive-normative principles” to assess development policies. This article argues that the Court’s particular approach to rights-based judicial review has resulted in the creation of “asymmetrical rights terrains” that privilege the rights and interests of private commercial and industrial stakeholders and government officials and agencies, above the rights and interests of labor, villagers, farmers, and tribes. The article concludes by suggesting that the Court’s approach to judicial review reflects a unique model of adjudication in which high courts play an active role in shaping the meaning of rights, regulatory structure and norms, and the legal-constitutional discourse of globalization. I. INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, globalization has fundamentally transformed relationships between nation states as well as the terrain of domestic political, constitutional, and regulatory frameworks that govern economic and development policies, particularly in developing nations. 1 As part of this global trend, developing nations have shifted from statist-socialist policies toward economic liberalization, privatization, and development policies in line with the broader globalization of the world economy. 2 International institutions and organizations, including the World Bank and † Associate Professor of Law, Whittier Law School, Professor (by courtesy) of Political Science, Whittier College. J.D., Harvard Law School, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley. 1 For scholarship on globalization, see generally JAGDISH BHAGWATI ,IN DEFENSE OF GLOBALIZATION (2004); JOSEPH STIGLITZ ,GLOBALIZATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS (2002); Barbara Harriss- White et al. , Globalisation, Economic Citizenship and India’s Inclusive Developmentalism , in CITIZENSHIP AS CULTURAL FLOW :STRUCTURE ,AGENCY AND POWER (Subrata K. Mitra ed., 2012); Judith White, Globalization, Divestment, and Human Rights in Burma, 14 J. CORP .CITIZENSHIP 47, 47–65 (2005). 2 See Antony Anghie, Time Present and Time Past: Globalization, International Financial Institutions, and the Third World , 32 NYU J. INT ’L L. & POL . 243, 255–62 (2000); Kanishka Jayasuriya, Globalization, Law, and the Transformation of Sovereignty: The Emergence of Global Regulatory Governance , 6 IND . J. GLOB .LEGAL STUD . 425, 445 (1999). 644 WASHINGTON INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL VOL . 25 NO. 3 International Monetary Fund (IMF), have played a central role in pressuring shifts toward economic reforms aimed at liberalization and privatization, and in directly funding development projects.3 These shifts have also helped reshape and influence lawyering and legal practice, constitutional and policy norms, and constitutional adjudication on these issues.4 Internationally, there has been a resurgence of critical legal scholarship regarding the impact of globalization on human rights and constitutional adjudication. 5 While there has been significant opposition to these policies within the political sphere in countries like India, much of the contestation and challenge to these policies has also been through court- based litigation. Indeed, because these policy shifts have often been executive-led and effectuated with limited policy debates in Parliament, opposition parties, grassroots groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have had no choice but to use the courts as the primary forum for challenging and mobilizing oppositional support against globalization policies of the government. 6 While a significant body of scholarship across many disciplines has analyzed the spread of economic liberalization and privatization policies globally, as well as challenges to these development policies from the perspective of human rights, 7 less attention has been given to the primary role that constitutional courts and high courts play in reshaping the terrain of rights and regulatory structures.8 3 See generally BALAKRISHNAN RAJAGOPAL ,INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM BELOW :DEVELOPMENT , SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND THIRD -WORLD RESISTANCE (2003) [hereinafter RAJAGOPAL ,INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM BELOW ]; Shalini Randeria, Globalization of Law: Environmental Justice, World Bank, NGOs and the Cunning State in India 51 CURRENT SOC . 305 (2003). 4 See, e.g ., GLOBAL PRESCRIPTIONS :THE PRODUCTION ,EXPORTATION , AND IMPORTATION OF A NEW LEGAL ORTHODOXY (Yves Dezalay & Bryant G. Garth eds., 2002); Terence C. Halliday and Pavel Osinsky, Globalization of Law , 32 ANN .REV .SOC . 447 (2006). 5 See, e.g. ,UPENDRA BAXI ,THE FUTURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS (2002); Surya Deva , Human Rights Realization in an Era of Globalization: The Indian Experience , 12 BUFFALO HUM .RTS . L. REV . 93 (2006); Upendra Baxi, Access to Justice in a Globalized Economy: Some Reflections , in INDIAN LAW INSTITUTE GOLDEN JUBILEE 1956–2006, 27 (2007); Judith Resnick, Globalization(s), Privatization(s), Constitutionalization, and Statization: Icons and Experiences of Sovereignty in the 21st Century , 11 INT ’L J. CONST . L. 162 (2013). 6 See Ashutosh Varshney, Mass politics or Elite Politics? India’s Economic Reforms in Comparative Perspective , 2 J. POL ’Y REFORM 301 (1998); Devesh Kapur & Pratap Bhanu Mehta, The Indian Parliament as an Institution of Accountability , U.N. Doc. PP/DGHR/23 (Jan. 23, 2006), 22–29. 7 For recent scholarship on the intersection of globalization and human rights, see generally RAJAGOPAL ,INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM BELOW , supra note 3; Surya Deva , Human Rights Realization in an Era of Globalization: The Indian Experience , 12 BUFF .HUM .RTS . L. REV . 93 (2006). 8 For an example of work that does explore how law and courts shape the regulatory context in India, see Chiranjib Sen & Anil Suraj, The Role of Legal Process in the Redesign of Indian Government- Business Relations (Ctr. on Democracy, Dev., and the Rule of Law, Working Paper No. 102, 2009), http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/22692/No_102_SenSuraj_Legal_Process_India_91909.pdf. JUNE 2016 Globalization, Rights, and Judicial Review in India 645 This article analyzes the role that the Supreme Court of India has played in adjudicating constitutional challenges to India’s globalization policies. Specifically, it examines how the Court, through its decisions, has reconstituted and reshaped constitutional and regulatory frameworks governing economic liberalization and privatization policy and development policy in India. Part II examines broader shifts in the Supreme Court’s fundamental rights jurisprudence from the post-Emergency period to the post-liberalization era.9 Part III analyzes how the Court has redefined the scope and terrain of rights and judicial review and helped reshape and reconstitute regulatory frameworks in the areas of liberalization and privatization. Part IV examines how the Court has redefined the scope of rights and judicial review in development decisions, and how its decisions have reshaped development narratives and created new development governance structures that impact the terrain of rights. Part V concludes by considering the implications of the Court’s approach to adjudicating globalization policies for the future of rights advocacy and litigation in India. II. GLOBALIZATION AND THE TERRAIN OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDIA As India’s economy underwent major transformation in the 1990s and early 2000s, the Supreme Court’s approach to the interpretation of fundamental rights and application of rights-based scrutiny also fundamentally changed. In cases involving major rights-based challenges to economic liberalization, privatization, and development policies in the post- 1991 era, the Court redefined and adjudicated the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strategies and Preparedness for Trade and Globalization in India
    AID‐FOR‐TRADE: CASE STORY UNCTAD Government of United Kingdom Department for International Development UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT Ministry of Commerce and Industry Department of Commerce of India Strategies and Preparedness for Trade and Globalization in India 1 AID‐FOR‐TRADE CASE STORY: UNCTAD GOVERNMENT OF UNITED KINGDOM DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OF INDIA STRATEGIES AND PREPAREDNESS FOR TRADE AND GLOBALIZATION IN INDIA Region: Asia Country: India Type: Project Author: Department of Commerce, Government of India (DOC) Contact Details: Mr. D.K. Mittal, Additional Secretary, Department of Commerce ([email protected]); or Mr. Bonapas Onguglo, Senior Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD ([email protected]); or Ms. Lindsey Block, Trade and Growth Adviser, DFID-India (l- [email protected]). Table of Contents 1. Issues Addressed 3 2. Objectives Pursued 3 3. Design and Implementation 3 4. Problems Encountered 4 5. Factors for Success/Failure 4 6. Results Achieved 5 7. Lessons Learned 14 _______________ 2 1. ISSUES ADRESSED This aid for trade case story delves into an eight year trade-related capacity building Project titled Strategies and Preparedness for Trade and Globalization in India. The Project was implemented by UNCTAD and financially supported by the Government of United Kingdom, acting through the Department for International Development (DFID). The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Commerce (DOC) of India was the focal point of the Project in the Government of India and also its main beneficiary. The Project was launched in January 2003 and completed on 31 December 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper-8 SOCIOLOGY of GLOBALIZATION
    MA in Sociology Paper-VIII Sociology of Globalization Author Prof. Navaneeta Rath Department of Sociology Utkal University Sociology of Globalization Unit-I: Globalization: The Historical and Social Context, Distinctive Characteristics and Dimensions: Economic, Technological, Social and cultural. Unit-II:Modernization and Globalization, Neo-Liberalism and Global Capitalism and Globalization and Nation State Unit-III: Global Institutions and Actors: World Bank, MNCs, WTO, IMF, NGOs Unit-IV:Globalization and Culture: The Ethos of Globalization (Individualism, Freedom, Consumerism) Cultural Homogenization, Hegemony and Dominance Impact of Globalization on poor and women UNIT-1 1.0. Objectives 1.1. Introduction 1.1.1 Origin of the Concept of Globalisation 1.1.2 Sociological Interpretation of the Term Globalisation 1.1.3 Theories of Globalisation 1.2 The Historical and Social Context of Globalisation 1.2.1 The First Wave of Globalisation 1.2.2 The Second Wave of Globalisation 1.2.3 The Third Wave of Globalisation 1.2.4 The Fourth Wave of Globalisation 1.2.5 The Fifth Wave of Globalisation 1.3 . Distinctive Characteristics of Globalisation 1.3.1. Borderless world 1.3.2. Liberalization 1.3.3. Free Trade 1.3.4. Extended Economic Activities 1.3.5. Globalization is universal, but not a uniform process. 1.3.6. Globalisation is a historical process. 1.3.7 Globalisation is both developmental and detrimental for the society. 1.3.8 Globalisation is a long term process. 1.3.9 Globalisation is an irreversible process. 1.3.10 Globalisation leads to hybridisation, homogenisation and harmonisation. 1.3.11 Globalisation leads to dispersion and diffusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Globalization to Poverty in Asia, Latin America, and Africa 3
    www.wider.unu.edu NUMBER 3, 2010 Overview Despite the enormous potential of Linking Globalization to Poverty in globalization in accelerating economic growth through greater integration into the world economy the impact of Asia, Latin America and Africa globalization on poverty reduction has been uneven. Asia has been the major benefi ciary of globalization where high growth rates and its labor-intensive pattern contributed to a spectacular reduction in poverty. In contrast, the LOBALIZATION AND POVERTY, ALONGSIDE THE ISSUE OF integration process in Latin America did G change epitomize two of the most pressing contemporary not contribute to accelerating growth international development issues. Despite the enormous potential and employment and even led, in some of globalization in accelerating economic growth and development through instances, to an informalization of the labor force. In spite of opening up, the greater integration into the world economy, the spread and transfer of failure of sub-Saharan Africa to diversify technology, and the transmission of knowledge, the impact of globalization and undergo structural transformation on poverty reduction has been uneven and even marginal in some regions, has led to the persistence of low growth such as in much of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Both the prevalence and depth and debilitating poverty. While the of poverty in many parts of the developing world remain unacceptably high. impact of globalization on poverty is context-specifi c, we argue that countries A question often raised is whether the actual distribution of gains intent on benefi tting from globalization from globalization is fair and, in particular, whether the poor benefi t need to adopt a pro-active stand in proportionately less from globalization and could actually be hurt by formulating regional and national it under some circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • India in a Globalized World
    India in evolving shades of Globalization Maximizing benefits and minimizing costs Abhishek’s Take What is Globalization? Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, courses, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities. Today the word is used to describe the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information. Economic Survey 2020 Inputs For more than three-fourths of known economic history, India has been the dominant economic power globally (Maddison, 2007). The country has historically been a major wealth creator and a significant contributor to world’s GDP. Economic dominance over such long periods manifests by design, and not by mere chance. Despite such a “rich” tradition of emphasizing wealth creation, India deviated from this model for several decades after independence. However, India returned back to these roots post economic liberalisation in 1991. The exponential rise in India’s GDP and GDP per capita post liberalisation coincides with wealth generation in the stock market Political Carrying Capacity of the West for Openness and Impact on India- Economic survey 2016-17 The first figure plots the trade-GDP ratio for the world since 1870 and highlights four phases. There were two phases of globalisation (1870- 1914, 1945-1985), one phase of hyperglobalisation (Subramanian and Kessler, 2014) between 1985-2008, and one phase of deglobalisation in the inter-war period. The question today is what is likely to happen going forward represented by the three arrows: further globalisation, deglobalisation, or stagnation? These will have potentially important consequences for Indian exports and growth.
    [Show full text]
  • ROLE of MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS (Mncs) in GLOBALISING INDIAN ECONOMY- a CASE STUDY of HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED (HLL)
    ROLE OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS (MNCs) IN GLOBALISING INDIAN ECONOMY- A CASE STUDY OF HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED (HLL) ABSTRACT THESIS ' submitted for the award of the degree of Bottor of $I)tlosiopI)p IN COMMERCE , By MOHAMMAD FAYAZ Under the Supervision of DR. MOHD. ASIF ALI KHAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1999 -.:>5-ii?5:X, ^-^•^ « , '1 > I Acc. No ) ABSTRACT Growth of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) can be divided into four phases: first phase runs upto the First World War. During this phase most of the companies emerged from Europe. Second phase started after the world war second. Third phase started in 1970s and 80s. During this phase new MNCs emerged from Japan. Fourth phase covers recent developments pertaining to role of MNCs in globalization of national economy. It is a march towaards the goal of creating international new economic order. During this phase companies mainly came in the information technology sector. Now the world economies both developed and developing are buzzing with the activities of MNCs in a variety of ways, e.g., FDI inflows and outflows, M &A, Joint venture, services, etc. The investment flows have tremendously gone up. The international production has expanded. Till the end of 1998, there were 53000 MNCs and 448000 foreign affiliates, which are playing key role with their vast assets and competitive potentialities. The worldwide investment by multinational corporations of $236 billion in insurance, telecommunication, chemical, pharmaceuticals and banking speaks volume of globalization during the current decades. Asian countries are the new investment centres for foreign investment. These countries are providing numerous facilities to the foreign investor in the form of vast size of the market, cheap availability of skilled and unskilled labour, marketing incentives and great deal of opportunities for induction of technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Its Impact on Transforming India's Economy
    International Journal of Research in Management & ISSN : 2348-6503 (Online) Vol. 3 Issue 4 Oct. - Dec. 2016 ISSN : 2348-893X (Print) Business Studies (IJRMBS 2016) Globalization and its Impact on Transforming India’s Economy Kamlesh Goyal Research Scholar (Ph.D.), Dept. of Economics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Abstract The phenomenon of globalization has many aspects and implications. It is referred to as a strategy of economic development where borders of the countries do not matter for movement of commodities, services, capital, finance, labour, technology, ideas and information. This strategy generates a process of increasing economic integration and growing interdependence between countries of the world economy. The process of globalization was highly accelerated in India in July 1991 and its implications on Indian economy are many. As every coin has two sides, similarly, there are both positive and negative aspects of globalization. Indian economy is the 12th largest economy in terms of exchange rate (US Dollar) and second fastest growing economy in the world. India’s GDP has touched nearly two trillion in terms of US Dollar. India made a remarkable progress in information technology, services and knowledge process services. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of globalization on Indian economy in terms of growth, structural transformation, foreign trade, foreign exchange reserves and employment from the period of 1991 to 2015-16 (the period of post reforms). This study is based on the secondary data taken from various reports of Government of India, NSSO, RBI, IMF, WTO, World Bank and other sources. Key Words Globalization, Structural Transformation, Agriculture Sector, Employment, Foreign Trade, Foreign Reserve Foreign Investment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of IT Services Clusters in India: a Case of Growth by Replication Polavarapu M
    Long Island University Digital Commons @ LIU Faculty of Marketing & International Business College Of Management Publications 1-2017 The Rise of IT Services Clusters in India: A case of growth by replication Polavarapu M. Rao Long Island University, [email protected] M.H. Balasubrahmanya Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.liu.edu/post_mrkibfpub Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons Recommended Citation Rao, Polavarapu M. and Balasubrahmanya, M.H., "The Rise of IT Services Clusters in India: A case of growth by replication" (2017). Faculty of Marketing & International Business Publications. 2. http://digitalcommons.liu.edu/post_mrkibfpub/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College Of Management at Digital Commons @ LIU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty of Marketing & International Business Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ LIU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Telecommunications Policy (xxxx) xxxx–xxxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Telecommunications Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/telpol The rise of IT services clusters in India: A case of growth by replication ⁎ P.M. Raoa, , M.H. Balasubrahmanyab a College of Management, Long Island University, Post Campus, Brookville, NY 11548, USA b Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Indian IT services sector has grown from small beginnings at the bottom of value creation to Indian IT clusters a major player in the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. It MNC linkages commands a 55% share in the global market for IT services.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalisation Impact on Indian Economy and Culture Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2017; 3(3): 617-622 Received: 06-01-2017 Dr
    International Journal of Applied Research 2017; 3(3): 617-622 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Globalisation impact on Indian economy and culture Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2017; 3(3): 617-622 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 06-01-2017 Dr. M Renuka Devi Accepted: 07-02-2017 Abstract Dr. M Renuka Devi This is the integration of economies, industries, markets, cultures and policy-making around the world. Assistant Professor, Globalisation describes a process by which national and regional economies, societies, and cultures Department of Corporate have become integrated through the global network of trade, communication, immigration and Secretaryship, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, transportation. In the more recent past, globalisation was often primarily focused on the economic side Tamil Nadu, India of the world, such as trade, foreign direct investment and international capital flows, more recently the term has been expanded to include a broader range of areas and activities such as culture, media, technology, socio-cultural, political, and even biological factors. It is a process of interaction between people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity and on human physical well being as well. Globalization has both positive and negative impacts throughout the globe. Right from the environmental challenges from the climatic influence, the air, water soil pollution etc., to the cyber crime; globalization has a huge contribution to all the ill effects of scientific advancements.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization in India: with Special Reference to 1990S
    Journal of Economics and International Finance Vol. 2(5), pp. 76-84, May 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JEIF ISSN 2006-9812 © 2010 Academic Journals Review Paper Globalization in India: With special reference to 1990s Rudra P. Pradhan Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted 7 February, 2010 The paper describes the process of economic integration in India and the benefits that the economy received from the same, especially in the era of 1990s. Internationalization of capital flows (represented by FDI inflows) and internationalization of trade flows (represented by trade openness) are used as the indicators for this study. The paper also explores the interface between FDI inflows and trade openness in the Indian economy during 1970 - 2008. The empirical investigation confirms that India’s performance on trade openness and foreign direct investment is very positive, especially during the 1990s. The Granger causality further confirms the presence of uni-directional causality from trade openness to FDI inflows. The paper finally suggests that, there is need of more economic integration to get more trade and FDI inflows in the Indian economy. Key words: Economic integration, trade, FDI, granger causality. INTRODUCTION Globalization is a process of socio-economic integration capital, measured by foreign direct investment (FDI) and across the globe and is one of the most hotly- debated internationalization of trade, measured by trade open- topics in international economics. It is a progression by ness. which events, decisions and activities in one part of the The objective of this paper is to examine the trends world have significant consequences on other parts of the and causality between FDI inflows and trade openness in globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Its Impact on Socio-Economy in India
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY ISSN: 2456-6683 Volume - 1, Issue - 2, Apr - 2017 Globalization and its Impact on Socio-Economy in India Dr. Mahendra Singh Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Madhav University, Pindwara, Rajasthan, India. Email – [email protected] Abstract: Globalization was adopted by Indian Government during 1990-91 when Indian Economy was in a very bad shape. It was, however, adopted not as a solution to deteriorating Indian economy but to enable itself to get further foreign exchange loans from World Bank as its foreign exchange reserves were reduced to mere 3 weeks outflow. To rectify its ailing financial health, Government simultaneously decided to amend its economic policies and go for privatization & liberalization of its economy. These decisions had immediate positive effect. However, globalization has proved to be a double edged weapon. It did help government temporarily meet its emergent need of foreign exchange but it has, as a by-product, caused some permanent damage to Indian Economic system and Indian social structure. Key words: Privatization, Liberalization, current account deficits, disinvestment, western culture. 1. INTRODUCTION: For thousands of years, different countries have been doing trade with one another. But the process has got a tremendous boost in last about two decades due to high handed policies of International Monetary Fund, world bank and world trade organization who have been working on the agenda of developed countries like USA. They practically forced underdeveloped countries to adopt full throttle globalization by opening up their local markets to world trade by reducing artificial barriers to such trade. Development of advanced means of communication and transport, internationalization of financial markets and unprecedented mobility of goods, capital, data and manpower have further given boost to the recent process of globalization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Myth of Prosperity: Globalization and the South
    THE MYTH OF PROSPERITY: GLOBALIZATION AND THE SOUTH Viraj P. Thacker Thesis Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics School of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Adelaide February 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One Part One INTRODUCTION 1 RESEARCH GOALS 5 Parameters of Analysis 9 METHODOLOGY 13 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 18 Dependency/World Economic Theory 18 The Capitalist World Economy: Wallerstein 24 Variations on a Dependency Theme: Samir Amin 26 Investment Debt 27 The Debt Crisis 27 GAPS IN THE LITERATURE 28 Chapter Summaries 34 CONCLUSIONS 35 Part Two The Global South 38 The Extent of World Poverty 39 What is Economic Development 40 Main Issues of the Post World War Two Era 42 The Globalization Phenomenon 47 The Problem With Free Trade 49 iii The WTO and Corporate Globalization 50 The WTO Ministerial Meetings 53 A Few Specifics From the WTO’S Agenda 55 The G-8 Position 56 The G-77 and the Debt Crisis 58 Structural Adjustment Programs and Their Impacts 59 Third World Debt 60 Proposed Solutions 62 Analysis 64 Sustainable Development As the Solution 65 The Antiglobalization Movement 71 Chapter Two A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Theoretical Basis For Globalization 75 THE GLOBALIZATION DEBATES 80 Meaning: Process vs. Project 80 Interpretation: New Era vs. Nothing New 81 Evaluation: Good vs. Bad 81 Explanation: Hard vs. Soft 82 Political End vs. Revival of the Nation State 82 Cultural: Sameness vs. Difference 83 Globalization 83 Advantages of Globalization 86 Negative Effects of Globalization 87 The North and the South
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Paper S Uma Makesh Social Science
    VOLUME-7, ISSUE-2, FEBRUARY-2018 • PRINT ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Original Research Paper Social Science THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIA 2nd year Student (Integrated MA), Department of Humanities and Social Science, IIT S Uma Makesh Madras, Chennai. ABSTRACT Globalization had made the whole world into a single common place. It is the process which expands and accelerates the movement of people, ideas and exchange of commodities across vast distance (Economic, Political and Cultural Integration). Globalization affects people with respect to their way of life, culture, values, taste, fashion and preferences. India has a rich cultural background and its culture is famous throughout the world. Our deep rooted traditions and customs have loosened up due to the emergence of globalization. Through globalization, the interchange of world views and ideas has resulted in a major transformation of the lifestyle and living standard of people. Indian culture is not an exception to this transformation process. Globalization has not only inculcated westernization and modernization in India, but conversely the Indian culture has also witnessed its impact worldwide. There has been both positive and negative impact of globalization on social and cultural values in India. The socio-cultural environment of a nation plays an important role in molding the future generations. This paper highlights the impact of globalization on India's Social aspects, Trade, Financial sector and the Socio-cultural changes that have been witnessed post globalization in the Indian society. Throughout this paper, there is an underlying focus on both positive and negative impact of globalization on Indian economy. KEYWORDS : INTRODUCTION economic growth.
    [Show full text]