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Federal Register/Vol. 70, No. 170 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 170 / Friday, September 2, 2005 / Rules and Regulations 52319 transfer of live wildlife, including DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (cm)] tall and weighs around 450 embryos and gametes, or sport hunting pounds [lb, 204 kilograms (kg)]. It is in a manner that contributes to Fish and Wildlife Service generally pale in color, but the neck and increasing or sustaining captive chest are dark reddish brown. As the numbers or to potential reintroduction 50 CFR Part 17 name suggests, adult animals possess a to range countries; RIN 1018–AI82 pair of horns curving back in an arc up to 50 in (127 cm) long. The scimitar- (2) The specimen was captive-bred, in Endangered and Threatened Wildlife horned oryx once had an extensive accordance with § 17.3, within the and Plants; Final Rule To List the range in North Africa throughout the United States; Scimitar-Horned Oryx, Addax, and semi-deserts and steppes north of the (3) All live specimens of that species Dama Gazelle as Endangered Sahara, from Morocco to Egypt. held by the captive-breeding operation The addax stands about 42 in (106 are managed in a manner that prevents AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, cm) tall at the shoulder and weighs hybridization of the species or Interior. around 220 lb (100 kg). It is grayish subspecies. ACTION: Final rule. white and its horns twist in a spiral up to 43 in (109 cm) long. The addax once (4) All live specimens of that species SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and occurred throughout the deserts and held by the captive-breeding operation Wildlife Service (Service), determine sub-deserts of North Africa, from the are managed in a manner that maintains endangered status for scimitar-horned Atlantic Ocean to the Nile River. genetic diversity. oryx (Oryx dammah), addax (Addax The dama gazelle stands about 39 in (5) Any export of or foreign commerce nasomaculatus), and dama gazelle (99 cm) tall at the shoulder and weighs in a specimen meets the requirements of (Gazella dama) throughout their ranges, around 160 lb (72 kg). The upper part paragraph (g)(4) of this section, as well pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of its body is mostly reddish brown, as parts 13, 14, and 23 of this chapter; of 1973, as amended (Act). The best whereas the head, rump, and underparts available information indicates that the are white. Its horns curve back and up, (6) Each specimen to be re-imported causes of decline of these antelopes are but reach a length of only about 17 in is uniquely identified by a tattoo or (1) habitat loss through desertification, (43 cm) long. The dama gazelle, the other means that is reported on the permanent human settlement, and largest of the gazelles, was once documentation required under competition with domestic livestock, common and widespread in arid and paragraph (h)(5) of this section; and and (2) regional military activity and semi-arid regions of the Sahara. (7) Each person claiming the benefit uncontrolled killing. These threats have Of the three antelope species, the of the exception of this paragraph (h) caused the possible extinction in the scimitar-horned oryx has been the most must maintain accurate written records wild of the scimitar-horned oryx and the susceptible to the threats it faced. In of activities, including births, deaths, near-extinction of the addax in the wild. Egypt, the species became extinct over a century ago (M. Riad, Minister of State and transfers of specimens, and make All three species are in danger of for Environmental Affairs, in litt., those records accessible to Service extinction throughout their ranges. Accordingly, we are listing these three August 2003). By the mid-1900s, officials for inspection at reasonable antelopes as endangered. intensive killing had extirpated the hours set forth in §§ 13.46 and 13.47 of scimitar-horned oryx from Morocco this chapter. DATES: This final rule is effective on October 3, 2005. (Fact sheet submitted to the Service by (8) The sport-hunted trophy consists M. Anechoum, Secretary General, ADDRESSES: The complete file for this Department of Waters and Forests in the of raw or tanned parts, such as bones, rule is available for inspection, by Campaign Against Desertification, hair, head, hide, hooves, horns, meat, appointment, during normal business Morocco, pers. com., September 2003). skull, rug, taxidermied head, shoulder, hours in the office of the Division of By the mid-1980s, it was estimated that or full body mount, of a specimen that Scientific Authority, U.S. Fish and only a few hundred were left in the was taken by the hunter during a sport Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax wild, with the only viable populations hunt for personal use. It does not Drive, Room 750, Arlington, Virginia known to be in Chad. There have been include articles made from a trophy, 22203. no reported sightings of this species in such as worked, manufactured, or Requests for copies of the regulations the wild since the late 1980s. The World handicraft items for use as clothing, regarding listed wildlife and inquiries Conservation Union (IUCN) has curios, ornamentation, jewelry, or other about prohibitions and permits may be declared the species extinct in the wild addressed to: Division of Management utilitarian items for commercial (IUCN 2003). In 1983, it was listed in Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife purposes. Appendix I of the Convention on Service, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Room Dated: August 25, 2005. International Trade in Endangered 700, Arlington, Virginia 22203 Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Paul Hoffman, (telephone, 703–358–2104; fax, 703– (CITES). Captive-bred specimens are Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and 358–2281). Wildlife and Parks. being introduced into large fenced areas FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: [FR Doc. 05–17432 Filed 9–1–05; 8:45 am] in Morocco and Tunisia, and these Robert R. Gabel, Chief, Division of animals may be released into the wild BILLING CODE 4310–55–P Scientific Authority, at the above when adequately protected habitat is address; by telephone, 703–358–1708; available (Antelope Taxon Advisory by fax, 703–358–2276; or by e-mail, Group 2002b). [email protected]. It is believed that the addax was SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: extirpated from Tunisia during the 1930s, and the last animals were killed Background in Libya and Algeria in 1966 and 1970, The scimitar-horned oryx stands respectively. The last observation of about 47 inches [in, 119 centimeters addax in Egypt was in the 1970s (Riad, VerDate Aug<18>2005 14:47 Sep 01, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\02SER1.SGM 02SER1 52320 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 170 / Friday, September 2, 2005 / Rules and Regulations in litt., August 2003), and in Morocco in and comments from the public on July community was uniformly against the 1963 (M. Anechoum, in litt., September 24, 2003 (68 FR 43706), and November proposed rule because listing the 2003). Remnant populations may still 26, 2003 (68 FR 66395). Stakeholders species would provide a disincentive to exist in the remote desert areas of Chad, and interested parties, including the continue captive breeding of these three Mali, and Niger, and occasionally move general public, governmental agencies, species on ranches. A major concern of north into Algeria and Libya during the scientific community, industry, and ranchers was the need to go through times of good rainfall. According to the the range countries of the species were potentially lengthy and cumbersome Antelope Specialist Group’s Global requested to submit comments or permit processes to continue their Survey of Antelopes, the addax is information. longstanding activities with these considered to be regionally extinct species, in accordance with the Summary of Comments and (Mallon and Kingwood 2001). The regulations at 50 CFR 17.21(g)(1). Recommendations addax is listed as critically endangered It would not be appropriate to list by IUCN (IUCN 2003) and probably We received a total of 56 comments, captive and wild animals separately. numbers fewer than 600 in the wild including multiple comments from the Indeed, in the case of the scimitar- (Noble 2002). In 1983, the addax was same stakeholders, during the three horned oryx, there are possibly no wild listed in Appendix I of CITES. As with public comment periods on the individuals. However, the Service may the scimitar-horned oryx, captive-bred proposed rule. Most of the comments authorize otherwise prohibited activities specimens are being introduced into (62.5%) were submitted by U.S. game that enhance the propagation or survival large fenced areas of protected habitat in ranchers. Zoos and zoo organizations of the species, such as captive breeding Morocco and Tunisia (Antelope Taxon submitted 8.9% of the comments. Other to increase the population size or Advisory Group 2002a). comments were received from improve the gene pool, under section The dama gazelle is able to utilize governments of range countries (7.1%), 10(a)(1)(A) of the Act. In response to both semi-desert and desert habitats. hunting organizations (7.1%), exotic these comments, on February 1, 2005 Although the dama gazelle is the least wildlife breeding organizations (5.4%), (70 FR 5117), we initiated a separate susceptible of the three antelopes to the general public (5.4%), and rulemaking by announcing a proposed pressures from humans and domestic international scientific organizations rule and notice of availability of a draft livestock, it has declined rapidly in the (3.6%). In accordance with the environmental assessment to add a new last 20 years, and only small numbers Interagency Cooperative Policy for Peer subsection, 17.21(h), to govern certain survive in most of the eight countries Review in Endangered Species Act activities with U.S.
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