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Volume 2:2 SUMMER 2003 ÉTÉ 5 Ethnic Origin and the Canadian Census: Background and Prospects By Richard Bourhis 9 Questioning Ethnicity: Q and A on Ethnic Identity and the Census of Canada By Jack Jedwab 11 Overview of the Relationship between Country of Birth of Parents and Ethnic Origins as reported in the 2001 Census of Canada By John Kralt 15 Ethnicity, Health and the Census: Moving Beyond “Culture-by-Proxy” By Joanna Anneke Rummens 19 Spatial Residential Patterns of Selected Ethnic Groups: Their Significance and Policy Implications By T.R. Balakrishnan 24 The Intergenerational Transfer of Ethnic Identity in Canada at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century By Dr. Madeline Kalbach 27 Reporting Métis in Urban Centres on the 1996 Census By Lorna Jantzen Canadian Diversity is published by This edition of “Canadian Diversity” is published in partnership with the Citizenship Diversité canadienne est publié par and Heritage sector of the Department of Canadian Heritage. Cette édition de « Diversité canadienne » a été produite en collaboration avec le Secteur de la citoyenneté et du patrimoine de Patrimoine canadien. PRESIDENT / PRÉSIDENT Hector Mackenzie INCOMING PRESIDENT AND FRENCH LANGUAGE SECRETARY / PRÉSIDENTE DÉSIGNÉE ET SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE FRANÇAISE Marie-Hélène Giroux, Université de Montréal ENGLISH LANGUAGE SECRETARY / SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE ANGLAISE Gerald Gall, University of Alberta Canadian Diversity is a quarterly publication of the Association for Canadian Studies ATLANTIC PROVINCE REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANTE DE L’ATLANTIQUE (ACS). It is distributed free of charge to individual and institutional members of the Penny Bryden, Mount Allison University Association. Canadian Diversity is a bilingual publication. All material prepared by QUEBEC REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANT DU QUÉBEC Christopher Manfredi, McGill University the ACS is published in both French and English. All other articles are published in ONTARIO REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANT DE L’ONTARIO the language in which they are written. Opinions expressed in articles are those of the Chad Gaffield, University of Ottawa authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the ACS. The Association for PRAIRIE PROVINCES AND NORTHWEST TERRITORIES REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANT DES PRAIRIES ET DES TERRITOIRES DU NORD-OUEST Canadian Studies is a voluntary non-profit organization. It seeks to expand and dis- Raymond Blake, Saskatchewan Institute for Public Policy seminate knowledge about Canada through teaching, research and publications. The BRITISH COLUMBIA AND YUKON REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANTE DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANIQUE ET DU YUKON ACS is a scholarly society and a member of the Humanities and Social Science Minelle Mahtani, University of British Columbia Federation of Canada. The ACS is also a founding member of the International STUDENTS REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANTE DES ÉTUDIANTS Becky Mosher Council for Canadian Studies. Diversité canadienne est une publication trimestrielle de l’Association d’études cana- EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE ACS / DIRECTEUR GÉNÉRAL DE L’AEC diennes (AEC). It est distribué gratuitement aux membres de l’Association. Diversité Jack Jedwab canadienne est une publication bilingue. Tous les textes émanant de l’Association DIRECTOR OF SPECIAL EVENTS / DIRECTEUR D’ÉVÉNEMENTS SPÉCIAUX James Ondrick sont publiés en français et en anglais. Tous les autres textes sont publiés dans leur langue d’origine. Les collaborateurs et collaboratrices de Diversité canadienne sont entièrement responsables des idées et opinions exprimées dans leurs articles. L’Association d’études canadiennes est un organisme pan-canadien à but non lucratif dont l’objectif est de promouvoir l’enseignement, la recherche et les publications sur le Canada. L’AEC est une société savante, membre de la Fédération canadienne des sciences humaines et sociales. Elle est également membre fondateur du Conseil international d’études canadiennes. EDITOR / RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF Robert Israel EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS / ASSISTANTS ÉDITORIAUX Natalie Ouimet, Catherine Lachance, Lorraine Ouimet LETTERS/LETTRES DESIGN / GRAPHISME Bang ! Marketing (514) 849-2264 • 1-888-942-BANG I found the spring issue of Canadian Diversity, which I picked up at the Learneds in [email protected] Halifax in May, really interesting. The articles are pertinent, professional and very much ADVERTISING / PUBLICITÉ to the point. They provide wonderful models for students struggling to learn to write at [email protected] the university level. 514-987-7784 Martha Musgrove DISTRIBUTION University of Ottawa Gordon and Gotch Periodicals Inc. 110 Jardin Drive, Unit 11 Comments on this edition of Canadian Diversity? Concord Ontario L4K 4R4 We want to hear from you. CITC/ACS STREET ADDRESS / ADRESSE CIVIQUE CITC/AEC Write to Canadian Diversity – Letters, ACS, a/s UQAM, V-5140, P.O. Box 8888, 209 St. Catherine E., V-5140, UQAM, Montréal (Que) H3C 3P8 succ. Centre-ville, Montreal (Quebec) Canada, H3C 3P8. Or e-mail us at Tel/Tél: (514) 987-7784 – Fax: (514) 987-3481 <[email protected]> Your letters may be edited for length and clarity. E-mail/Courriel: [email protected] Des commentaires sur ce numéro ? Écrivez-nous à Diversité canadienne Lettres, AEC, a/s UQAM, V-5140, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec) Canada, H3C 3P8. Ou par courriel au <[email protected]> Vos lettres peuvent êtres modifiées pour des raisons éditoriales. The New Data on Ethnic Origin not only for ethnic origin – using the traditional This special issue of Canadian Diversity has question about a respondent’s ancestry – but also been put together to provide a background and for the place of birth of each of the respondent’s stimulus for discussion on the conceptual frame- parents. This combination of available information work and the development of indicators of ethnicity is precious to those who work in the realm of in Canada. Currently, the most comprehensive and research, program development and policy-making consistent data source for measures of ethnicity is in Canada, as it allows for timely analysis and the Census of Population, conducted every five comparison of different concepts related to measur- years, which asks a 20% sample of the Canadian ing ethnicity – origin and place of birth of parents. population to report on the ethnic origin(s) of their All of the articles make a contribution to the ancestors. In addition, in 2002, a new survey on debate around data on ethnicity and diversity in issues of ethnicity in Canadian society – the Ethnic the Canadian context. While the perspectives pre- Diversity Survey – was conducted by Statistics sented do differ on the utility of ethnic origin data Canada in partnership with the Department of from the Census and the need for measurements and Canadian Heritage. The goal of the survey was to indicators of present day ethnic identity, each article deconstruct issues of ethnic ancestry and identity in eloquently outlines applications and challenges order to better understand people’s lived experiences related to the use of ethnic origin data in diverse of diversity in Canadian society. The collection of fields of study. Disciplines ranging from geography articles brought together here provide context for to psychology to demography to health all rely on current applications of research on ethnicity in ethnic origin data as an integral element of their Canada as well as stimulating discussion about how baseline portraits of Canadian society. Questions best to collect data and do applied research using remain, however, of how best to capture that data, these concepts in the future, given the changing how indicators can be improved to more accurately demographic of our country. reflect the diversity and increasing complexity of our The articles selected for this publication have population, what data gaps exist that still need to be been taken from a symposium on “Ethnic Origin filled and how that will be done. Our hope is that Data from the 2001 Census: Implications for Policy these articles will provide both the background Research”, held in Ottawa on March 28th, 2003. The context and the impetus for a more vigorous and symposium was organized by the Citizenship and informed discussion on these issues, as we work Heritage sector of the Department of Canadian more with the data from the 2001 Census, await the Heritage, which is proud to encourage and facilitate results of the groundbreaking Ethnic Diversity such a discussion on issues of ethnicity and diversity. Survey, and move towards the next Census of These are issues which are of importance to all Population in 2006. We encourage comments and Canadians, as well as being an integral part of the feedback, both directly to the authors and to the mandate of the Department of Canadian Heritage. Department of Canadian Heritage. The contributors to this volume come from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds, but they Eileen Sarkar all share a common interest in researching issues of Assistant Deputy Minister ethnicity and diversity in Canadian society and have Citizenship and Heritage experience with the complex and detailed data on Department of Canadian Heritage ethnic origin we are privileged to have access to through Canada’s Census of Population. In particu- lar, 2002 and 2003 have been exciting years for researchers as new data is released from first Canadian Census of the millennium, which was carried out on May 15th, 2001. Most significant to the analytic articles in this collection, the 2001 Census is unique in
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