of t/i-e apostles. THE ACTS, 2. '-.Peter preaches fo : feken up from you into heaven, * shall so come in A. D.33. 4 And ^they were all filled with the H51f7<©;©©: © and began eto speak with other tongyes a fw :e manner as ye have seen him go into heaven. i Ban. 7. 13. John 1t. 3. Spirit gave them utterance. © © ^ lce -2 Then returned they unto Je-ru©sa-lem from the 1 Xliess. i. 10. 2 Thess. 1. 10. 5 And there were ©dwelling at Ji-rji©sft.]^ t iount called Ol©i-vet, which is from Je-rufsa-lem Reir. 1. ". I Zed). 14. 4. devout men, out of every nation under heave t ©"sabbath day©s journey. m John 11.18. -3 And when they were come in, they went up 6 Now 1when this was noised abroad, the »-,© nto an upper room, where abode both Pe©ter, and ; eh. 9.37. tude came together, and were Confounded imeg, and John, and An©drew, Phil©ip, and Thom©as, that every man heard them speak in his ir-thol©o-mew, and Mat© thew, Jameg the son of n ! e Lube 8.15. 1 And they were all amazed and marvelled Kphae©us, and Si©mon Ze©-lo©teg, and ^Ju©das the lp Jude 1. 'other of Jameg, one to another, Behold, are not all these " i* These all continued with one accord in prayer speak Gal-i-te©an§? , id supplication, with ffthe women, and Ma©ry the q Luke 23. 49. 8 And how hear we every man in oir own other of Je©gus, and with rhis brethren. r Matt. 13. 55. wherein we -were, born? __ " 15 If And in those days Pe©ter stood up in the midst Par!tM-an§, r;and Mede§,,and irlam-Ites, - the disciples, and said, (the number 8of na " ©ml-aj and i© gether were about an hundred and twenty,) L6 Men and brethren, this scripture ©must nee n S©gfpt,© iye been fulfilled, ©which, the B^H Ghost b; " : about, outh© of Dafvid. opake- before, concerning Ju© posely tes, : vhich was guide to them thajfevfci3pfe3|©§iis, ,dohear||eas|^|r;^© .^ , , ,' ^ ^ ' ./jsn'^s;-^;1'•»>'«» !-«V' .«•• «»•>»>, <>.< ^ j.7 For "he , aned part of 12 18 ^Now this fetia©re- ard ql, iniqui||pj ; '•" . v^S*?;i!pg-,s^~ i,burst the©nf©* .out 19«§twaa|____ itfeiii >c,B insoiniiSfiiil: ie» flatten JB^ | be desolal

ia isra as*?;*? :,»t

MARCH 1974 " * "-' ' ^ IKP—— ™ "" ^ * '?*' ' " - -

u&n?/ ^ra may be a duplication of the first The Charismatic Movement Pentecost, or it may be an en tirely different manifestation. Whatever the method, it will be IT WAS a little over a year ago Pentecost. Miracles will be one that will meet the needs of that a group of scholars met in wrought. Devils will be rebuked His church and His work in the Georgia to study the charismatic and cast out. The sick will be world today. The important thing movement and its relationship to healed and souls by the thousands is for us to so submit ourselves the Seventh-day Adventist Church. will be converted and won to to the control of the Holy Spirit A number of very helpful papers this blessed message. This is the that we can become His instru were presented and certain con promise of Cod and in spite of all ments to bring the lost into a clusions were reached that have the counterfeits He will keep His saving knowledge of the truth in since been passed out to the work word. Christ Jesus and to manifest His ers in various parts of the world There is an ultimate and very glory and power in such a con field. This material has been much present danger, however. It is that vincing way that He will be up appreciated and has helped many while we seek to fortify ourselves lifted in His saving ministry in be of our workers and members to and our people against the coun half of lost souls. know how to deal with this issue terfeit, we shall close our hearts The presence and power of the of current importance. and minds to the genuine. This Spirit is available to the church, its Since that time a number of we must not do. We do not know members and leaders, now. Let us others among us have written and in every detail just how Cod will fully, intelligently, open our hearts spoken on this topic. Doubtless work in the closing scenes, but we to Him and allow Him to accom much more could be said and writ do know that He will work. He plish His work in and for us and ten. It is our hope, however, that will work in His own way, mani then through us for the world. the articles in this issue will add festing His presence and power. It N. R. D. much to our store of knowledge on glossolalia and some of the other manifestations of the charis matic movement. Introducing a New Service in The Ministry We need to study prayerfully and earnestly, and understand THE Seventh-day Adventist The Adventist Church throughout the more and more about the ministry ological Seminary is currently world, just as the Theological of the Holy Spirit. We must be completing its fortieth year of Seminary of Andrews University able to give a satisfactory explana operation. In 1934 it began with does, it has been decided to pub tion to the apostle's arguments in borrowed teachers as an advanced lish a monthly news page for 1 Corinthians 14. But more im Bible school on the campus of those who (1) either have attended portant, we must be able to clearly Pacific Union College. Two years the Seminary in the past, or (2) distinguish between the genuine later it was moved to Washington, plan to do so in the future, or and the counterfeit and to so D.C., and received its present (3) for those who are interested in guide our dear people that they name and its own staff, building, the work carried on at the princi will be safeguarded against de and library. In 1959 the Seminary, pal world center for ministerial ception in any form and fanati together with the newly organized training of the Adventist Church. cism in all of its forms. School of Graduate Studies, was "Seminary News" will inform This is the time when all of moved to its present location in the readers of The Ministry about Cod's people, led by His ministers, Berrien Springs, Michigan. what is going on at the Seminary, should be diligently preparing for For about twenty-two years the give reports on extension schools the latter rain and the mighty Seminary published a little maga and guided tours conducted by manifestation of the power of Cod zine, The Seminarian, which, sent the Seminary, and research proj that will accompany it. We are not to all alumni and friends of the ects carried out by its faculty and only to receive the gift of the Holy Seminary, kept them informed of students. It will also provide brief Spirit, but we are to be activated the various activities that were abstracts of theses and disserta and motivated by Him to the point carried on in their alma mater. tions written by Seminary gradu where He is able to accomplish The Seminarian also contained ab ates, of books and scholarly arti miracles of grace through us. stracts of theses written by grad cles published by its faculty There is no doubt that Cod wants uates and provided information members, and will carry announce a church in which all the gifts of concerning research projects un ments of new programs and the Spirit, including tongues and dertaken by the faculty or students courses or of curricula changes. miracles, will be operating in per of the Seminary. With the move We at the Theological Seminary fect working condition. Through of the Seminary to Berrien Springs, thank the editors of The Ministry His church will eventually be made its publication ceased. Later it for opening its pages to us and manifest, even to principalities and was replaced by Focus, which hope that "Seminary News" will powers in heavenly places, the regularly publishes news of all be of value to all its readers. final and full display of the love of three schools of Andrews Univer Siegfried H. Horn God. Great things will take place sity. Since The Ministry serves the Dean under the power of the second total ministerial staff of the SDA Theological Seminary

2 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 SDA Charismatics

SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS, the above all people, believe in charis- matics. Where would we be as a church without the gift of proph MinistRv ecy? Here is a gift, expressly given THE VOICE OF THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST MINISTRY-VOLUME XLVII. NO. 3 for "building up the body of Christ" (Eph.4:12, R.S.V.). Here is a gift that has withstood the test of time and CONTENTS IN THIS ISSUE the impassioned attack of a multi Editorials 2 This year's special emphasis on tude of critics. Here is a gift that is Catholic Pentecostalism: revival and reformation is con as relevant today as when it was What Is It and Where Is tinued as we take a closer look in first given. It Going? 4 this issue at the charismatic Raoul Dederen movement and its implications to How ridiculous it would be to the Adventist Church. Since A Linguist Looks at Glossolalia 7 discard this well-proved and there is no consensus as to Frederick Diaz firmly established charismatic whether the experience described manifestation in favor of con Tongues in the Corinthian in 1 Corinthians 14 involved the Church 9 temporary sensations or less well- same kind of tongues-speaking Edward Heppenstall as that described in Acts 2 or established claims. Yet we are liv Ecstatic Utterance or Foreign whether it was a manifestation of ing in a time when many sincere Languages? 12 ecstatic utterances, both points of people will fall into these kinds of Bruce Edminster view are covered in articles by satanic delusions. Multiplying Your Effectiveness 14 Heppenstall and Edminster. Two new features begin this We have been given clear in C. E. Cuenther Making the Baptismal Service month, The Bible Instructor, spon sight into the very thing that is sored by Rosalie Haffner Lee, and Evangelistic 15 now taking place. While God's lames Hoffer Seminary News, sponsored by Siegfried Horn and prepared by people are still waiting and pray Simultaneous Crusades in ing for the promised outpouring Opal Young. Note Wilber Alexan Switzerland 16 der's first article of a two-part of the Spirit of God upon His Enhancing the Communion series in the Health Evangelism church, while there are still evi Service 18 section. dences of Laodicean lukewarm- A Concerned Parent ness and lack of love in the Dare to Study Daniel Part 3 The Family Tree of the Nations 19 STAFF church, the enemy of souls will Desmond Ford N. R. Dower introduce a counterfeit (see The Easygoing Eli 22 Editorial Director Great Controversy, p. 464). Any R. W. Taylor ). R. Spangler counterfeit that is worth its salt Something New: An Archivist Editor must be so close to the true that it for the General Conference 24 Editors© Interview O. M. Berg, Leo R. Van Dolson is not readily recognized. And Executive Editors Satan's final masterpiece of de The Ministry of a Healing lusion will be so overwhelming Church Part 1 26 J. Wayne McFarland, M.D. Wither Alexander Health Editor that God's people have been Change and the Adventist warned against yielding "to the Hospital 30 1. E. Cleveland, R. Dederen, A. C. Fearing, H. Habenicht, M.D., evidence of their senses" (ibid., Maxine Atteberry M. C. Hardinge, M.D., p. 625). Does Organic Gardening Add R.F.Waddell.M.D. Many contemporary observers More Nutrients? 32 Associate Editors Victor H. Campbell of religious movements consider Medical Missionary Workers loyce McClinlock, Shirley Welch Editorial Assistants that we have already entered into to Reveal Christ©s Character 35 what will become one of the most Ellen C. White Elfred Lee religious eras of our history. DEPARTMENTS Art Director Young people today are turning By His Side 38 C. W. Busch away by the thousands from the News Briefs 48 Layout Artist established churches to a variety Recommended Reading 45 of cults, creeds, communes, and Seminary News 41 charismatics. Printed monthly for the Ministerial Shop Talk 46 Association of Seventh-day Adventists What an opportunity this pre Spotlight on Health 36 by the Review and Herald Publishing Association, 6856 Eastern Avenue NW., sents the church of God. It is not a The Local Church Elder 44 time to stand as nonparticipating Washington, D.C. 20012, U.S.A. World of Archeology S6.75 a year; 60c a copy. Price may be observers on some antiseptic van and Science 42 slightly higher in Canada. For each tage ground, shaking our heads subscription ordered in the United States to go to foreign countries other and clucking our tongues. It is a PHOTO AND ART CREDITS: Cover, H. than Canada, ADD 60c postage. Second- time for falling on our knees, ear Armstrong Roberts; p. 4, Religious News class postage paid at Washington, nestly pleading for the full out Service; pp. 18, 24, 32, ). Byron Logan; p. 19, D.C. Editorial office: 6840 Eastern Thomas Dunbebin; p. 28, Kreigh Collins. Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 20012. pouring of the greatest charismatic gift of all—love. L. R.V.D.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 3 thousands of lay people are pres ently taking a longer look at the pentecostals—or, as many prefer to be called, charismatics.

Catholic Involvement Pentecostalism has traditionally been associated with Protestant churches. But in early 1967, most notably at a weekend retreat of students at Duquesne University, in Pittsburgh, what has become a unified pentecostal movement be gan within Roman Catholicism. It was preceded by mounting frustra tion over spiritual stagnation, A young man stops playing the guitar and starts speaking in tongues during a charismatic prayers of concerned laymen, and renewal meeting at St. Columba Roman Catholic church in Hopewell Junction, N.Y. the reading of Protestant David Wilkerson's The Cross and the Switchblade. News spread to Notre Dame University and the University of Michigan campuses where students and faculty en listed local Protestants to help them launch their prayer meet ings. From these two sources, in turn, but also from other inde Catholic pendent beginnings in Los An geles, Boston, and elsewhere, the movement spread across the L t©littM < \t

4 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 Dame, Indiana 46556). Lord." There is no denying that part in the latest gathering. The There is also a newsy magazine, most of them received their "Pen weekend closed with a Sunday The New Covenant (Box 102, Ann tecostal experience" through the afternoon mass concelebrated Arbor, Michigan 48107), with a cir intermediary of a non-Catholic by more than five hundred priests! culation of 22,000, twice the num pentecostal. As mentioned earlier, This was a far cry from the situa ber of last year. More recently the David Wilkerson's The Cross and tion of six years ago when "bap renewal has taken root in foreign the Switchblade was the seed tism in the Spirit" was viewed countries—where it is mushroom from which the movement sprang with suspicion by most members ing fast, including Hong Kong, up in more than one place while in of the hierarchy. Some signs were Korea, Peru, Australia, France, many others it was through the particularly significant, such as the Brazil, and even Rome. pentecostal association known as powerful support provided by the Full Gospel Business Men©s Leo-jozef Cardinal Suenens, the Why the Success? Fellowship International that primate of Belgium and one of the What explains the phenomenal Catholics first encountered this most progressive voices of the growth and success of the move new trend. But in spite of this church's hierarchy. A staunch ment? One could, of course, refer heritage Catholic pentecostalism champion of coresponsibility of to sociological and psychological has taken on a somewhat different the bishops with the pope, Sue factors. It has been done. But the tone from what it has in classical nens emphasized that the struc answer, I think, lies deeper. There Pentecostal churches. Catholic tural reforms introduced by Vati is a spiritual hunger among Catho charismatics are generally not as can II must be accompanied by lics for a more intimate, more per emotional in worship, nor do spiritual renewal. "The gifts of the sonal religious experience—a hun they believe that glossolalia—the Spirit are given especially to build ger that is not being satisfied. A gift of tongues—is the necessary up the Christian community," he time of disillusionment with in universal sign of Spirit baptism. told the stadium crowd. "After stitutional reforms in the church Tongues, for them, is only one of Vatican II we had to make a series has inclined many to seek ex several spiritual gifts. The evidence of reforms, and we must con periential religion in prayerful of Spirit baptism is a transformed tinue to do so. But it is not enough communities. As a result, a re life. to change the body. We need to ligion that had been static and change the soul, to renew the Increasing Acceptance distant all of a sudden comes to church and the face of the earth." life for the Spirit-filled believer in The jargon of the movement, its ways that pervade everyday exist public prayer format resembling The American Hierarchy ence. Participants feel the close old-fashioned Protestant revival In its 1969 "wait and see" state ness of Cod, vigor and hope suf ism, and its stress on experiencing ment, the American Roman Catho fuse their lives. They experience a the power of the Holy Spirit lic hierarchy urged bishops to warm and at times overwhelming through "charisms" once made exercise "caution" and "proper sense of divine presence that aids most Catholics look askance. supervision" in guiding Catholic inner peace and interpersonal Many still do, although one of the charismatics. Stressing the involve openness, something they had most striking things about the ment of "prudent priests," the re never known before, the existence 1973 pentecostal conference at port concluded that "the move of which they didn't even suspect. Notre Dame was that the Catholic ment should at this point not be Some of them say they speak in charismatic renewal has obviously inhibited but allowed to develop." tongues, and some say they don't. gained new respect as a force in Four years later the U.S. bishops But everyone claims to be "bap contemporary Roman Catholicism. seem satisfied with the growth and tized in the Spirit," to know an The movement no longer attracts conduct of charismatic renewal overwhelming sense of love, a merely students, but apparently groups in their dioceses. "A few spirit of cohesiveness not often also a wide variety of Catholics. are enthusiastic, and some others found in other religious gatherings There also were signs of an in would like to know more," af involving the laity. creasing acceptance of it by the firmed Auxiliary Bishop Joseph C. Catholic pentecostals are an hierarchy of the Catholic Church. McKinney, of Grand Rapids, ebullient group. They take to sing Thus, for instance, eight bishops, Michigan, who is episcopal mod ing and praying with relish, punc including a Belgian cardinal, an erator for the Catholic Charismatic tuating their speech with an all- archbishop from Nova Scotia and Renewal. purpose exclamation, "Praise the bishops from Korea and Haiti took Many bishops, in fact, have

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 5 noted the positive elements of the rose to their feet for a long period again the crowd exploded into movement—deeper prayer life, of applause and praise, indicative applause and songs of alleluia, personal holiness, and the new of their concern for and dedica giving a long standing ovation to sources of spiritual energy its tion to Catholic doctrine. the pledge of loyalty to the Pope. members have spread around. The same is true of their rela They think the charismatic renewal tionship to the hierarchy. Unlike A New Challenge is a good thing for the Catholic other champions of spiritual re Roman Catholic pentecostalism Church. But others are skeptical, newals, Catholic pentecostals is too new a phenomenon to be and among Catholics not in generally do not influence people adequately assessed by anybody. volved in the movement there is a to leave the church. On the con Time will be the biggest test of its special wariness. The claim of trary, bishops have thus far found worth and effectiveness. But one speaking in tongues, the alleged them most obedient and docile thing remains sure. In our attempt anti-intellectualism, the language when corrected, a strange phe as Seventh-day Adventist min often borrowed from mainline nomenon in this age of intransi isters to carry the "everlasting Protestant terminology and the gence. gospel" to 45 million Roman Cath impression given by some of be "You Are the Successor of Peter" olics in the U.S. alone we ought ing specially chosen, leave many to recognize that we are faced Catholics uneasy about a move At the recent Notre Dame meet with the development of a most ment that seems outside the tradi ing speakers emphasized again the important movement in contem tional Catholic experience. necessity for Catholic charismatics porary Roman Catholicism. As it Some concerns reflect growing to work in obedience to their bish impinges upon Catholicism it has anti - institutional tendencies ops and asked the bishops to guide the effect of not doing away with among a minority of Catholic them. Jesuit Father Cohen, of New any doctrines or practices, nor of Pentecostals—home masses, lack Orleans, student chaplain at Loyola erecting new ones, nor new of interest in traditional liturgies, University and head of the pastoral churches, but rather of awaken objections to certain doctrines. team for the charismatic com ing in people a deeper apprecia Doctrine, for instance, can be munity there, urged the prayer tion of the Catholic Church and of something of a problem for the groups to have direct contact with the Catholic traditions. Its adher Catholic pentecostal who, in the their local bishop "to assure him ents speak comfortably and con light of the discovery that per you aren't an underground group. stantly about Jesus, and are inter sonal faith in Christ is what really And the bishop will be glad to ested in bringing people to a counts, wonders where the value know there is a group of people personal encounter with God of infant baptism does lie. More who specifically want to be obedi through a study of the Scriptures. generally, however, Catholic ent to him." Addressing the How much of this is pure, un charismatics say that being bap hierarchy, Cohen called on the varnished emotionalism and how tized in the Spirit has given them a church's bishops to find out what much is a true and genuine turn new appreciation for the doctrines is happening in the movement. ing to Christ is open to question. of the church and has deepened "Where in the Church today," he I think, however, that it offers us the meaning of the sacraments. asked, "do you have such growing a new and probably unparalleled "Now," I have heard it affirmed numbers of people crying out for opportunity to open the Word of many times, "I can see the mean your support and guidance?" God to Roman Catholics who take ing behind the structure, behind Then, addressing his words to doctrines seriously; a new chance the ritual. I have found the source Pope Paul VI, he implored him to to proclaim the gospel fully, with in Jesus Christ, something I had offer his discernment to the move out any muffling or alteration of missed all along." ment and to "make a judgment the message God has given us, a "Let me share with you one about the true nature and proper message made more appealing, secret, how to receive the Holy use of [charismatic] gifts." "You more beautiful because centered Spirit in the best way" suggested are the vicar on earth of Jesus on Jesus Christ. How relevant the Cardinal Suenens to the crowd Christ, the Son of the Living God. remark of the inspired pen that gathered at the Notre Dame You are the successor of Peter. On "of all professing Christians, Sev stadium. "The secret of our unity this rock Jesus built His Church. enth-day Adventists should be with the Holy Spirit is our unity We are founded on this rock and foremost in uplifting Christ before with Mary, the Mother of Cod." on this rock we stand," he con the world."— Gospel Workers, At these words the entire 25,000 cluded. With this pledge, once p. 156. jfe

6 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 A Linguist Leeks at Gle§selalia

nomenon being "good" or "evil," ophytes. He repeated certain key Frederick Diaz "of God" or "of the devil." She phrases and gesticulations, which endeavors to be as objective as were imitated faithfully by the new possible, attempting to present parishioners. Eventually they were glossolalia exactly as it looks and able to enter into the ecstatic ex CLOSSOLALIA, or speaking in sounds to an unbiased observer. perience with the rest of the tongues, is by now a familiar, if For Dr. Goodman, glossolalia group. not a completely understood, phe is dissociative behavior that cul 3. The trance can be consciously nomenon. Several years ago the minates in vocalization. It is an induced. Once the behavior is average person would not have altered state of consciousness ac learned, body and mind can be been aware of the meaning of the companied by such kinetic behav prepared for it at will. term glossolalia. Today, because ior as lifting of the arms, shaking Of great concern to the stu of its widespread manifestation of the head, twitching in the face, dents of glossolalia is whether or within and without the church as well as by visual and auditory not the ecstatic utterances are in walls, even the man in the street hallucinations. Although there telligible languages. Dr. Goodman is conversant with the term. are mental patients whose vocal writes: "Glossolalia is lexically Undoubtedly the last word has patterns resemble glossolalia noncommunicative. The utterer of not yet been presented concern (Spoerri in 1963 recorded several the glossolalia and his listener do ing speaking in tongues. It is in vocalizations of a 46-year-old not share a linguistic code. Rather, teresting, however, to discover chronic schizophrenic patient), Dr. as Spoerri puts it: 'Glossolalia in that serious scholars in various Goodman maintains that glosso volves . . . the privation of the disciplines have taken enough in lalia is not pathological. She views informative and communicative terest in it to conduct meaningful the glossolalist as being in an al side of discourse; speech be research on the subject. Their tered mental state, an altered state comes musical sound.' " 3 Dr. findings have been published in of consciousness. The subject is in Goodman's findings agree with learned journals and in book form dissociation, that is, divorced from those of other scholars on this for the general public to read. ordinary reality, hyperaroused, question. Glossolalia does not in They have provided us with sig in a trance. volve the use of any known lan nificant data that we can interpret Of special interest are Dr. Good guage. "What it does communi in harmony with our particular man's views on how the induction cate," affirms Dr. Goodman, "is, perspective. of hyperarousal is accomplished. initially, the commitment to the Speaking in Tongues 1 by Dr. She points to three factors: group and, later on, a sharing of Felicitas D. Goodman, a linguist, 1. Cultural expectation. At one its ritual behavior with all that this in my opinion is one of the most point during her field investiga involves on the personal and social side." 4 objective studies ever to be con tions she herself began to experi ducted on the subject of glosso ence some of the symptoms of There is a physiological aspect lalia. Recently 1 attended one of dissociation, but she observes: "I to glossolalia that constitutes the Dr. Goodman's lectures on the intentionally blocked subsequent central point of Dr. Goodman's campus of Michigan State Uni occurrences. I needed at all times theory. She points out that "in versity. She stressed the main to be in complete command of all epilepsy the cortex is driven by conclusions already arrived at in my faculties." 2 A neophyte is ex discharges from subcortical struc her published study, but amplified pected to go into a trance and tures. I am proposing that some them by playing actual recorded does so in response to group thing similar is happening during glossolalia utterances and showing pressure. It is important that we glossolalia. In some manner, the a motion picture of a Mexican con underscore the fact that Dr. Good glossolalist switches off cortical gregation in an altered mental man was able to avoid going into a control. Then, with considerable state. Dr. Goodman makes no trance herself by simply exercising effort, at least initially, he estab value judgments. That is, she is her will power. lishes a connection between his not concerned about the phe- 2. People can be taught to go speech center and some subcorti into a trance. That it is a learned cal structure, which then proceeds Frederick Diaz is pastor of the Uni behavior was evident in the film to drive the former. Thereupon versity church, East Lansing, Michigan, Dr. Goodman showed us in which the vocalization behavior becomes and a doctoral candidate at Michigan we saw the pastor of the Mexican an audible manifestation of the State University. church laboring with several ne rhythmical discharges of this sub-

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 7 cortical structure, which then incredibly, brutally elemental open to outside stimuli and con proceeds to drive the former. about such an outbreak of vocali trol. Herein lies their greatest Thereupon the vocalization be zation, and at the same time danger. The principalities, pow havior becomes an audible mani something eerily, frighteningly ers, world rulers of the present festation of the rhythmical dis unreal." 7 It would be unfair to darkness, the "spiritual hosts of charges of this subcortical conclude that Dr. Goodman wickedness" against which we structure, resulting in the de means glossolalia is the work of must struggle (Eph. 6:12, R.S.V.) scribed pattern. The most striking some "evil power." As I said take full advantage of the permea characteristic of this discharge is earlier, she is not concerned bility of the subject and exert their the fact that it has a variable fre with such matters. Yet, unwit malevolent influence during the quency and amplitude, producing tingly, she has provided us with sonnambulistic or hypnotic state. one complete wave from onset at least a hint of evidence regard None of the foregoing is in over peak to decay in anywhere ing the supernatural element of tended to preclude the possibility from perhaps two to six seconds the phenomenon. Seen from our of the manifestation of the gen or longer and amplitudes from or point of view, why would the out uine gift of tongues in our day. dinary speech variations in pitch break of vocalization to which she We must not forget that Ellen G. up to an octave and a half. The refers appear "eerily, frighteningly White herself wrote: "It is with latter seems to be something of a unreal"? Given our belief in evil earnest longing that I look for physiological constant." 5 intelligences that are active in the ward to the time when the events This leads Dr. Goodman to at affairs of man, would it not be of the day of Pentecost shall be tempt a definition of glossolalia: reasonable for us to conclude that repeated with even greater power It is "a vocalization pattern, a they could possibly act upon the than on that occasion. John says, speech automatism that is pro glossolalist? 'I saw another angel come down duced on the substratum of hy- Dr. Goodman herself further from heaven, having great power; perarousal dissociation, reflecting states that during hyperarousal and the earth was lightened with directly, in its segmental and su- dissociation a "channel" is open his glory.' Then, as at the Pente prasegmental structure, neuro- through which the glossolalist re costal season, the people will hear physiologic processes present in ceives stimuli from the outside the truth spoken to them, every this mental state." 6 world. She explains that it is a nar man in his own tongue."— The The Goodman study on glosso row channel and most of the SDA Bible Commentary, Ellen G. lalia is one of the most complete stimuli are screened out, but that White Comments, on Acts 2:1-4, to date. The theory advanced is the person nevertheless remains p. 1055. God is not about to with plausible and certainly one that 1 "permeable to certain things." Let draw the gifts of the Spirit simply do not find incompatible with my us bear in mind Dr. Goodman's because Satan has gotten into the own personal convictions as a observation that the trance is in- act! Seventh-day Adventist Christian. ducible. We are dealing here with What we need is wisdom from Scientific investigations, such as something akin to hypnosis. I above to be able, by the grace of that carried out by Dr. Goodman, quote an important conclusion of God, to distinguish between the prove that the current outbreak another major study on the sub genuine and the counterfeit. This of glossolalia is, from a Biblical ject: "It is our thesis that hyp- spiritual discernment is perhaps point of view, spurious. The ut notizability constitutes the sine the greatest of all the gifts, the terances are not languages, and qua non of the glossolalia experi most needed today, and one for the phenomenon is of such a na ence. If one can be hypnotized, which we ought daily to pray. ^ ture that we may safely conclude, then one is able under proper based on the abundant evidence conditions to learn to speak in brought forth by Dr. Goodman tongues. While glossolalia is not 1 Dr. Felicitas D. Goodman, Speaking in and others, that it is not an act of the same as hypnosis, it is similar Tongues (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972). the Holy Spirit. to it and has the same roots in the 2 Ibid., pp. 72, 73. Is it, then, of the devil? There relationship of the subject to the 3 Ibid., p. 123. authority figure." 8 4 Ibid. are a couple of observations made 5 Ibid., p. 124. by Dr. Goodman that might help We see, then, that in both the e Ibid. us to answer this question. glossolalic and the hypnotic 7 Ibid., p. 15. 8 John P. Kildahl, The Psychology of Speaking At one point during her study, trance the subject abdicates self- in Tongues (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), she said: "There is something control of the mind and remains pp. 54, 55.

8 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 Tcnpues in the Corinthian Church Edward Meppenstall

THOSE who today claim to ex guards the church from division, Consequently, when we come perience the Holy Spirit's gift of disorder, and disunity. Pentecost to the spiritual condition of the tongues invariably appeal to the united men's minds, hearts, and church at Corinth, and when we glossolalia in the Corinthian service. There was to be no schism seek to interpret the nature of the church as recorded in chapter in the body. gift of tongues, we are con fourteen to substantiate their own "And they, continuing daily fronted with the fact that some position. with one accord in the temple, and thing is radically wrong. For the In his letter to the church at breaking bread from house to first time in the Christian church Corinth, Paul took considerable house, did eat their meat with speaking in tongues had become time to discuss this particular gift. gladness and singleness of heart, a problem. This raises the question We find nothing quite like this in praising God, and having favour as to whether this was a genuine other churches or in his other epis with all the people. And the Lord gift of the Spirit or whether it was tles. In the previous two chapters, added to the church daily such as false, either as demonic or some Paul emphasizes the various gifts should be saved" (Acts 2:46, 47). form of hysteria. While Paul does of the Spirit, including that of Paul's test of the Spirit is to be not actually denounce this mani tongues, their place in the work found in unity by love and edifica festation, he does seek to sup and experience of the church. The tion by the truth. This life-style is press it. It had become a source Christian church is one body, en closely akin to the life of Jesus of embarrassment. Are we to be dowed with a diversity of gifts Christ. Love is characterized as the lieve that in the midst of disorder united under one Head. Here the most excellent gift of the Spirit, and confusion in the church, they direction and operation of the Holy since love so orders the whole life were Spirit led? Spirit is the decisive factor for unity of the church as to create oneness. According to Paul another req and order within the church. Such So impressive was this oneness in uisite of the genuine gift of harmony of love and unselfish serv Christian love that the world of tongues is that the church and the ice was the crown of the Spirit's that day spontaneously exclaimed: hearers might be edified. On this work. "See how these Christians love point also the Corinthian church "Now there are diversities of one another." This is the starting did not qualify. Although he is gifts, but the same Spirit. And point for the true church, a church quite careful not to completely there are differences of adminis united in love. condemn, he does strongly state trations, but the same Lord. And But this oneness and unity by that their communication was there are diversities of operations, the Spirit was the one thing that both unintelligible and unedifying. but it is the same Cod which work- the Corinthian church did not They spoke "into the air" (chap. eth all in all. ... For as the body is have. They were split wide open. 14:9); that is, by some incoherent one, and hath many members, and Consequently Paul wrote: "I ap form of sound as distinct from the all the members of that one body, peal to you, my brothers, in the essential properties of a known being many, are one body: so also name of our Lord Jesus Christ: language. Because of this the is Christ. For by one Spirit are we agree among yourselves, and church was not edified (verses 4, all baptized into one body" (1 Cor. avoid divisions; be firmly joined 16, 17). Their "understanding" 12:4-13). in unity of mind and thought. I was "unfruitful" (verse 14). There By the presence and power of have been told, my brothers, by was a lack of intelligent communi the Holy Spirit, the prayer of Chloe's people that there are cation. What kind of spirit mani Christ is fulfilled: "That they all quarrels among you. . . . Each of festation is it that actually silences may be one; as thou, Father, art you is saying, 'I am Paul's man/ or the mind, where the mind is not in me, and I in thee, that they also 'I am for Apollos'; 'I follow Ce conscious of what is taking place may be one in us: that the world phas,' or 'I am Christ's.' Surely or what is being said? may believe that thou hast sent Christ has not been divided among "Yet in the church I had rather me" (John 17:21). you!" (1 Cor. 1:10-12, N.E.B.).* speak five words with my under In the early church there were When church members are standing, that by my voice I might certain essential requirements more attracted to men than they teach others also, than ten thou requisite to Pentecost and the bap are to Christ, disunity follows. sand words in an unknown tism of the Spirit. The Spirit safe- Idolatrous loyalties to men are es tablished at the expense of church Edward Heppenstall, Ph.D., is pro unity and peace. The Holy Spirit's * From The New English Bible. The Dele gates of the Oxford University Press and the Syn fessor of Theology and Christian control and guidance of the dics of the Cambridge University Press 1970- Re Philosophy, Loma Linda University. church is surrendered. printed by permission.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 9 tongue. Brethren, be not children distinct word, never a mere bears largely in this direction. in understanding . . . but in under sound. Cod always talks with In seeking to evaluate the glos standing be men" (verses 19, 20). meaning. His communication is solalia at Corinth, the basic ques Paul contrasts his own gift as governed by principles that re tion is this: did the Corinthian speaking in tongues more than spect the human mind. He de church fulfill the requisites for they all (verse 18). He speaks by lights to make Himself clearly Pentecost and the baptism of the revelation, by knowledge, by understood to men. His communi Holy Spirit? Could men and teachings all of which are gained cation is orderly, purposeful, and women in this church stand up to by the ordinary mental processes intelligent. In the Bible the voice speak in tongues that no one un under the guidance of the Holy of God becomes perfectly articu derstood, create disorder at the Spirit (verse 6). In this he gives late. We know exactly what God same time, and at that very mo the trumpet a certain sound. He means. ment be possessed of the fullness does not speak into the air. He Why does not Paul recognize of the Holy Spirit? We are told speaks in languages more than the tongues manifestation if it is by some that although this church they all. This manifestation in the false and denounce it? For one was involved in the most serious church at Corinth is something thing, he was evidently not pres spiritual problems and perversions Paul knows nothing about. If what ent when speaking in tongues of true Christianity, the be they have is the genuine gift of the created disorder in the church. lievers were so filled with the Spirit, then Paul does not have it. If he had been he could have Spirit that they spoke in tongues What does Paul mean when he dealt with it directly rather than as did the apostles on the day of says: "I thank my Cod, I speak by letter. The account came to him Pentecost; that what they had was with tongues more than ye all" by way of a report along with all the genuine gift of the Spirit. (verse 18)? Obviously he is con the other problems in the church. Consider now the prevailing trasting his ability to speak known Consequently, not being a first immorality that this church at the languages with the incoherent hand witness, Paul is reluctant to time of Paul's writing refused to tongue of the Corinthian church. come right out and condemn it. grapple with (1 Cor. 5); the abuse At Pentecost the gift of tongues Furthermore, at this point it is of worship, the perversion of the was of coherent, known lan quite possible that Paul had not Lord's Supper and the agape feast guages, which the hearers recog yet come to understand the na (chap. 11), the civil conflicts when nized and thereby understood. ture of this manifestation. So it is church members went to law The astonishment of the Jews was too early for him to formulate a against each other (chap. 6), the occasioned by the fact that though final judgment, even though this problems of marriage (chap. 7), the speakers were Galileans, they glossolalia constituted a serious their opposition to Paul and re heard them each in his own native problem in the church. This is the jection of his authority. What a tongue (Acts 2:6-11). Peter's dis only account we have in the early contrast with the purity and deep course came with an understand church where any of the apostles spirituality of the church on the ing and edification in terms that found it necessary to caution day of Pentecost! had the force and simplicity of against the manifestation and use Now this raises very serious their everyday language and of a "divine" gift of the Spirit, if it questions regarding the work of local dialects. Intelligently the is that. In all other cases, the gifts the Holy Spirit. Do people and apostles gave utterance "to the of the Spirit were cause for joy churches in this appalling spiritual marvellous doings of Cod" (ta me- and encouragement. condition and lapse from right galeia tou Theou). Both the gift The fact that Paul does not eousness actually receive the of tongues and the gift of proph come right out and condemn it baptism of Pentecost? Is not the ecy were an intelligent communi does not prove it is of God. Paul bestowal of the gifts of the Spirit cation of the truth. Both func himself is a Spirit-filled man. But directly related to the spiritual qual tioned for the proclamation and he does not share in or approve ity of church members? Or does it communication of the gospel. of the spiritistic instability seen in not matter at all? Can anyone, But in the Corinthian church Paul this church. It stands in contrast regardless of how he lives or how contrasts speaking in tongues with with the gift he has. This myste he may be divided from his breth the gift of prophecy. The one was rious unintelligent "speaking" ren, actually receive the fullness incoherent and unedifying. The that bypassed sound mental ac of the Spirit? Is it really possible other was by intelligent expression. tivity, seemed to be thoroughly for a church to be filled with the God's voice is always a clear transcendental. Paul's criticism Spirit and speak in tongues while

10 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 VIEWPOINT 1. Viewpoint articles discuss topics on which the church has Objectives not taken a stand. 2. Insignificant topics that have no bearing and on our eternal welfare are unacceptable. 3. Theories that Ground Rules: undermine confidence in established doctrines will not be published. 4. Articles do not necessarily reflect the beliefs of the editors or the denomination. When quoting material from this section, this fact should be made clear. 5. Com ments and constructive criticisms made in a Christian spirit are invited.

at the same time creating confusion cally wrong with a supposed gift corner of life where the believer and disorder? In that case, then it of the Spirit that does not lead to comes close to the image of God is the Holy Spirit who is respon unity, purity, peace, and love. It is the way He intended it. sible for this spiritual apostasy, incredible to believe that while At last we have come down to confusion, and disorder. But experiencing the outpouring of this: the work of false spirits in surely, where the Spirit is in con the Holy Spirit, the Spirit does not the world threatens the founda trol, at the point where there at the same time triumph over tion of the Christian faith. Far be would arise the slightest tend their immorality and correct their it from me to sit in judgment on ency to abuse, to degeneration, or abuses in worship. those who speak in tongues. There to perversion, the gift and pres If the baptism of the Spirit keeps is a genuine gift of tongues and ence of the Holy Spirit would company with the libertine, the there is a false. Notwithstanding cease at once. Those involved in disunity of believers, and the per these spirit manifestations, I ven such practices or with such a version of Christian worship, ture to say that the spiritual life we spirit would no longer be fit chan what then is the standard by esteem precious is Christ in us, nels for the fullness of the Spirit. which to test the work of the with its supreme value for moral It is argued by some that in the Holy Spirit? Is Pentecost simply and spiritual character. It is not Corinthian church there were the excitement of being pushed upon the low ground of any ec those who were truly Christian, over the brink emotionally? How static temporary euphoria or re godly men and women, who had could it persuade them that this ligious hysteria that we build our no part in these sinful and abusive was something altogether different faith. Our stand must be taken practices. No doubt this is true. from what their own pagan reli upon the righteousness of Christ These Christians constituted no gions offered them? Surely there is and the life He lived, for "the problem. They created no dis something far beyond euphoria, Spirit was not given unto Him by order. Paul does not direct his re mysticism, and Greek hysteria by measure." There is nothing sen marks to them. But it was those which we are to determine the sational or overdone in the life who spoke in tongues who were genuineness of the Holy Spirit's and ministry of Jesus Christ. responsible for the disorder. presence. Nothing less than an exalted mo Spirit-led Christians abuse no gift If we are to be sure as to what ral obedience to the will and to of Cod nor pervert the truth and Pentecost means, while the ques the law of God will suffice, em the standards of Christ. The Co tion may not always be easy bracing total allegiance to Him at rinthian church was the number to answer, at the same time we any cost. When loyalty to all the one problem church of Paul's day had better stand on Bible truth truth of God is placed upon her and continued to remain so. Cle and morality, on the unity of the throne by the church of God, ment of Rome, writing around Spirit, and on the life that pos when purity, virtue, and integrity A.D. 100 wrote to this effect, that sesses all the fruits of the Spirit. for their own sake are recognized the church of Corinth had not im In a clear understanding of the as part of that loyalty, when right proved or eradicated the abuses gift of the Spirit, such things as eous love and the compassion of since Paul's day. immorality, disunity, incommuni- Christ prevail to save the lost, Again, if it is maintained that cation, and division in the church, then despite all professed Spirit this tongues manifestation is gen have no place whatsoever. If all manifestations, we are secure in uine, then does not the Spirit give churches and professed Chris Christ. Behind all the life we live, His approval and place His seal tians can now share in Pentecost Christ's life is given to us, lived in upon a church regardless of the regardless of what they believe us. When we are controlled and kind of lives believers live? On and the spiritual quality of daily led by the Spirit, then being en what basis does any other church living, then we are simply wasting dowed with such life and power, such as our own call people to our time with some kind of special with an intelligent, conscious come out of Babylon if the Spirit message by which all men are sup knowledge of the truth of God, we has set His mark upon them? On posed to be tested. press on undaunted toward the what basis do we teach and pray Pentecost was not a happening fulfillment of our calling and des for the latter rain? This so-called lifted out of life's daily context. tiny. Within this power our lives Pentecost of tongues at Corinth It is not a spiritual encounter pe have real purpose, full, unmeas did not heal the divisions or the ripheral to the Christian life. ured, a resistless love, joy, and conflict and problems within the Rather the Holy Spirit permeates peace, and the great depth of the church. There is something radi life itself and diffuses into every righteousness of Jesus Christ. ^

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 11 Ecstatic Utterance or Hi»ii Languages? Grace Edminster

IF PAUL uses the word tongues If Paul was talking about a gift of urges the Corinthians to "strive or languages (which is a better "unknown tongues," that is, un to excel in building up [or edify rendering of the Creek word known to man and God—a gib ing] the church" (R.S.V.). How can gldssa) differently in 1 Corinthians berish—he would have supplied anything be edified or built up if 14 than it is used elsewhere in the the word unknown, but in the knowledge or revelation is not New Testament, one must con Greek manuscripts there is no imparted? Ecstatic utterance is not clude that he is talking about such word anyplace! If he was edification. And a word needs to something other than "lan writing about ecstatic speech, he be said about the meaning of the guages." If the word is used in the should have used the word ec word edify or edifying. The con same way as in other places, one static, but neither does this word cept inherent in the Greek word, must conclude that Paul is re occur anywhere in the ancient which is translated "building up" ferring to the same gift as is men manuscripts of 1 Corinthians 14! in the Revised Standard Version tioned elsewhere, that he is speak Paul writes in verse 6, "Now, and "edifying" in the King James ing of foreign or non-Greek brethren, if I come to you speak Version, is that of imparting spir languages. ing in tongues [languages], how itual knowledge for intellectual Since Paul is writing this letter shall I benefit you unless I bring and moral improvement. The to the church at Corinth, one you some revelation or knowl meaning of edify carries with it must consider this chapter in the edge or prophecy or teaching?" no emotional connotations. context of first-century Corinth, (R.S.V.). He goes on to illustrate What would make one think that as opposed to twentieth-century this idea by means of instruments, Paul is writing of some "out of neo-pentecostalism. Also, other to show that unless the hearer this world" tongue? Paul does not passages must be considered knows what is being said, he can use the words unknown or ec where there are similar word not respond (see verses 7 and 8). static anywhere in chapter 14 of 1 usages. We should not assume Paul emphatically makes it clear Corinthians. A Greek lexicon that today's religious movement that when we speak with our (Arndt and Gingrich's translation is what Paul was writing about. tongue, others must be able to of Bauer) suggested that because In the first place, Paul was not understand or else we're just the word glossa (tongue or lan speaking of the Greek language, causing meaningless vibrations in guage) appears without the defi which the Corinthians all spoke, the air (verse 9). nite article, one must conclude because verse 2 says "no one un It seems likely that if there is that Paul is writing about some derstands him" (R.S.V.). If some more than one gift of "tongues" ecstatic gibberish. But glossa ap one came to the Corinthian church or "languages," Paul would have pears in Acts 2 without the defi speaking a non-Creek language, given the reader more than one nite article, and no one contends he would not be speaking to the classification of the gift in 1 Corin that Luke is there speaking of Greeks of that church, because thians 12:28. Another evidence anything but foreign languages. they would not understand him. that this gift is not unmeaning gib Also in Revelation 14:6, gldssa, He would be speaking mysteries berish or ecstatic utterance, is again used without the definite in his spirit (mind). Unless the found in verse 10, where Paul tells article, refers to foreign languages. speaker or someone else trans us, "There are doubtless many One cannot isolate 1 Corinthians lated, the discourse would re different languages in the world, 14 from other chapters in the Bi main a mystery to his hearers; and and none is without meaning" ble where the same word is used because he speaks (knows) the (R.S.V.). Paul here is talking about in the same way. We must depend foreign language, he would be languages of the world, or "lan on usage and not on what we only edifying himself. Paul plainly guages in the world," not "out-of- think is being said. states, in verse 5, that the one who this-world language." In verse 11 Using the implication of verse speaks a foreign language in the he adds, "But if I do not know the 10 where Paul speaks of "lan church should have a translation meaning of the language, I shall guages in the world," and in verse ready so that the church might re be a foreigner to the speaker and 11, where the word barbaros ceive edification. the speaker a foreigner to me" (meaning "one who speaks a non- Bruce Edminster is currently a Master (R.S.V.). The Greek word for "for Greek language") is used, one can of Divinity student at the SDA Theo eigner" is barbaros and refers to supply "foreign" with "tongue" logical Seminary. Previous to this he all those who speak foreign lan in verse 14. "For if I pray in a served as associate pastor in Garden guages—that is, languages which [foreign] tongue, my spirit prays, Grove, California. are not Greek. In verse 12 Paul but my mind is unfruitful" (R.S.V.).

12 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 The word for "unfruitful" is the Isaiah 28:11 and 12b, which, A literal translation of verses same word used in reference to literally translated, reads: "In 27 and 28 could read, "If anyone the fig tree that Jesus cursed for other languages, and with the is speaking in a [foreign] lan being "unfruitful." It is true that lips of others I will speak to this guage, let it be by two or at most if I speak in a foreign language, people and yet no one will obey three, one at a time, and let one my spirit is praying but my mind me." In the Creek New Testa translate." And furthermore, "If is not producing fruit, that is, it ment* there is also a cross refer there is not a translation, let him is not benefiting anyone. Paul ence under 1 Corinthians 14:21 be quiet in the church, let him adds that one should "pray with to Deuteronomy 28:49, which talk to himself and to God." the spirit" and "pray with the speaks of a nation being brought "Tongues" or "foreign languages" mind." He has .just told his read from afar to punish Israel. They are not for showing off and say ers that the speaker in a foreign would speak a tongue that the ing, "Look, everybody, I have language should pray that he may Israelites would not understand. the Spirit and you don't," but for translate (interpret or expound) Paul, however, actually incor eign languages are for edification, so that there might be a "fruitful" porates the words of Isaiah into to draw someone else to Jesus understanding. his discourse in order to inform Christ, someone who doesn't In essence, verses 16 and 17 the reader of his meaning. know Him as their personal are saying, "How can a layman say The Creek of 1 Corinthians 14: Saviour. Amen to your blessing if he 21 contains a word that is trans The same basic rule applies for doesn't understand what is being literated as heteroglossois, mean prophecy, that two or three should said? You can give all the thanks ing "other languages." It comes speak, each in turn, and others you want (if you know the lan from the juxta-position of two should judge what was said. guage), but the listener isn't being words, heteros and gldssa, which Where there is confusion and edified." Paul had the gift of for is the same combination of words disorder Cod is not present, for eign languages more than all of that occurs in Acts 2:4, "And they God is one who brings and gives the Corinthians, and, judging by began to speak with other peace. So there should be peace what he says in verse 19, "in tongues" (heterais glossais). Paul and order in all the churches of church I would rather speak five is obviously writing here about the saints. words with my mind . . . than ten foreign languages. Interestingly, Paul supports his thousand words in a [foreign] Languages (foreign, that is) are thesis by suggesting that if any tongue" (R.S.V.), this gift was for for witnessing to unbelieving one has the idea that he is a use outside the church in witness foreigners, as verse 22 of 1 Corin prophet or a spiritual person, ing to foreigners. thians 14 indicates. "Thus, [for then he should take heed to what Next he exhorts those reading eign] tongues are a sign [or mir Paul is writing, because he'll rec his Epistle to be mature in their acle] not for believers but for ognize that it is a command from spiritual understanding, but to unbelievers" (R.S.V.). Verse 23 also the Lord. Even after all this has be babes in reference to malice ties in with Acts 2: "If, therefore, been said, there may be some and wickedness. If one will notice the whole church assembles and who want to remain ignorant to children when they are around all speak in [foreign] tongues, and the truth about the gift of foreign other children they seek to draw outsiders or unbelievers enter, languages. If so, the only thing attention to themselves. So Paul will they not say that you are that can be done is to leave him is exhorting them to stop behav mad?" (R.S.V.). In the Creek New to his ignorance. ing like children, not to use the Testament* there is a footnote In final summary Paul says, to gift of "foreign languages" to referring to Acts 2:13, which give a literal translation of 1 Co draw attention to themselves, but reads, "But others mocking said, rinthians 14:39, 40, "Therefore, to use the gift for the benefit of 'they are filled with new wine' " my brothers, strive to prophesy, others (verse 20). (R.S.V.). and do not hinder speaking in Paul does not leave the reader The people who didn't under [foreign] languages, but let every in the dark regarding his intent, stand what the apostles were say thing be done decently and in and in verse 21 he does some ing "in other languages," thought order." JSfe thing that will help further clarify they were mad with wine. It seems the answer to the question that is that Paul had this in mind when he said, "Will they not say you are * The Creek New Testament here and else in the minds of many people. He where referred to is the American Bible Society quotes from the Septuagint of mad?" (in verse 23). edition, 1966.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 13 Multiplyiig Ytur Effectiveness

C. E. GUENTHER

EXPERIENCE taught me early in product would be trained Bible in workers in conference employ. my ministry about the unique structors, professionally trained Hundreds of others can give part- contribution the Bible instructor social workers, or, ideally, both time volunteer service, giving one makes in evangelism. Working combined in the same individual. or more Bible studies every week. with one of these dedicated, How can the few Bible instruc The blueprint indicates that it trained personal evangelists, we tors we do have make their is the pastor's nicest work to train formed a small team. The Lord contribution to the church and lay members for service. I believe blessed with fruitage and a new the world more effective? How it is the Bible instructor's nicest church of believers was formed. can such increased effectiveness work to train and develop other Unfortunately, the conference make a contribution toward solv Bible instructors. Bible instructor has become a ing the problem of their scarcity? Certainly not all who join classes member of a rare breed. People To find an answer let us notice develop into workers. Yet many are deeply concerned about the the ministry of Jesus. Jesus' do. There would be fewer casual diminishing numbers of certain teaching ministry consisted not ties if the candidates were person animal species. How many only in opening the Scriptures to ally selected, if the classes were Seventh-day Adventists are con the understanding of His fol smaller, and if the theory were cerned about the declining num lowers, but He spent considerable combined with on-the-job train ber of Bible instructors, and time training these new converts ing. The Bible instructor who is how deeply? In my view, this is a both to preach and to heal. constantly engaged in giving Bible calamity involving an unnecessary Then He actually sent them out studies in homes, is in an ideal and extremely costly loss to the on a mission to homes, minister position to give this on-the-job Advent Movement. The tragic ing to people where they were. training. i. shortage could be resolved if Jesus provided a complete min 03 enough men in leading positions One thing that makes this work istry to the whole person. He see it as one demanding high so effective is that the Bible in taught His followers to both priority in denominational structor may multiply herself and preach and heal. Social work as planning. We have seen more her results in souls brought to well as medical work is a healing difficult problems conquered. Christ through training lay mem ministry. It is based on the one-to- Women, whether single or bers. one case work relationship. It of married, can make an invaluable Candidates for the training are fers marvelous insights into un contribution to soul winning found everywhere, in every derstanding human personality and a finished work, if trained as church. I have found Adventist and methods of working with peo Bible instructors. Marriage need laymen everywhere eager to learn ple. not be a deterrent. I would like how to teach the. Word of Cod to The gospel record says the to see a plan of training de others and lead them to a deci men Jesus trained and sent veloped that would attract, sion. The Bible instructor has the out came back with joy to report among others, every young unique experience and the pro their experiences. We can imagine woman engaged to marry a fessional skills needed to give to how much joy they brought to the theological student and every laymen not only theoretical knowl heart of Jesus, their Teacher. I S woman married to a minister. Its edge, but on-the-job training. In know this kind of joy. Every Bible every church may be found instructor can know it too. It C. f. Cuenther is associate secretary women of ability who can be comes through making our min of the General Conference Lay Activi trained to do this gospel ministry. istry for converts a complete min ties Department. A few may develop into full-time istry. ^

14 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 BAPTISM is often thought of as someone present in the congre the "sealing" of a person to the gation responsible for his conver church, and the baptismal service Making the sion or interest in the church. itself is considered merely a formal The person named comes forward act to be held in conjunction with to congratulate his friend. The a worship service. But in Brazil relatives of the candidate, Baptismal whether or not they are Advent- we have learned it can be so much more than that. ists, are also invited to come for The baptismal services I have ward and congratulate their loved observed in those areas of South Service one. In typical Latin-American America where I have been in my fashion the new members are few years of service here have welcomed into the church with been a tremendous inspiration to Evangelistic tears and embraces. Many times me. Some may feel that it could an unbelieving husband will be never work in our more "sophis there "congratulating" his wife, ticated" fields, but I'm not so JAMES HOFFER even though he didn't realize sure. Undoubtedly, with a little that by coming to the service he adaptation it could work almost would be requested to come for anywhere. ward and do so. A profound im without a congregational hymn, Rarely is a baptismal service pression is made on him. Hearts as this would seem strange to our conducted on Sabbath morning are melted throughout the con Catholic friends. A simple wel during a worship service here. It gregation as this whole process is come is given by the pastor. The is too important to relegate to repeated with each new believer. baptismal candidates are seated one little corner of the sermon There is just one thing left—the at the front. The pastor then pre hour. Most commonly it is fea call. After all are back to their sents a fifteen to twenty-minute tured on a Sabbath afternoon or seats the pastor takes the pulpit evangelistic-type sermon on the evening. for a few parting words. He re necessity of the new birth and The coming baptismal service fers once again to the necessity baptism by immersion. Often this will be announced to the church of Bible baptism. The people have is illustrated with slides. members at least one week ahead just seen such a service take When the time comes for bap of time, and they are instructed place and have been moved by tismal vows, the candidates take to be sure to tell their friends of the witness of their loved ones. the vows and file out to prepare this most important event. On the Now their hearts are open and for baptism. The pastor usually morning of the big day the mem ready to respond to a call, even performs the baptism in a full bers will receive several copies of though for many it is their first suit (wash and wear) rather than a printed announcement to dis time in one of our churches. a robe. This makes it possible for tribute to their friends and to him to go directly to the baptistry As the pastor makes his appeal others interested in our message. from the pulpit. many, perhaps dozens, come for The baptismal candidates them ward and crowd around the pul selves are instructed to make As the curtains of the baptistry open, the pastor is seen standing pit. After a consecration prayer sure that all their friends and they are asked to remain at the loved ones come to the service. alone and offers a prayer of con secration for the baptismal serv front. Their names are taken and After lunch they take handbills ice. As each candidate steps down they are soon involved in Bible and invite others to come and see classes or individual studies. They our Adventist baptismal service. into the baptistry an elder or as have not made a decision for the Of course, in these predominantly sociate pastor reads the person's name and a text of Scripture. After Sabbath or anything else, just for Catholic lands, baptism by immer baptism, but of course in prepa sion is somewhat of a novelty. all have been baptized, the pastor offers a prayer of blessing for ration for that they will discover By the time of the baptismal them and the curtain is closed. the other points of our faith. service the church is packed and While the pastor and those bap There is one thing for sure about many times there is standing tized are getting dressed, slides this approach. Baptisms are held room only. Many of those present and special music are presented. frequently, in some churches are merely curious people setting Soon the new church members once a month, and as our mem their feet in an Adventist church file once more into the sanctuary bers support and attend these for the first time. Many others and the pastor takes his place on baptisms and use them as a means are interested people whose in the platform. of cultivating interest among terest has grown out of participa Now comes the interesting and their relatives and friends, a cer tion in the church's branch Sab unusual part, the awarding of the tain snowballing effect occurs. bath schools, Bible classes, and baptismal certificates. One by As a result the pastor and Bible other outreach activities. one the newly baptized members worker are never without inter Generally the service begins are called forward and given their ested people. By bringing the certificates. As this is done the public to the baptismal service lames R. /-/offer is presently a depart pastor interviews each one con many are won to the truth who mental secretary for the Santa Cata- cerning how he came into the might otherwise never have been rina Mission in Brazil. church. He asks whether there is led to make such a decision. J=

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 15 Simultaneous Crusades in "WE WERE really surprised," throughout the whole series. avoided whenever possible. We said Pastor Harald Knott, president "We could hardly believe it," the felt sure this would hurt our at of the Swiss Union Conference. Swiss Union Conference presi tendance the following Wednes "Andrew Fearing used none of dent enthusiastically reported. day night back in our main hall, those things usually considered to Evangelistic meetings con but the numbers steadily increased be outstanding means of attracting ducted by the associate secretary and finally we were even doing and holding evangelistic audi of the General Conference Minis well in the church. ences. He had no pictures, no terial As^asaatoaBiftffl^teld in the "It is of interest to know that visual aids, no unusual features according to usual evangelistic such as lectures on archeolo y over a period TJ1 mking, we did all the wrong history, health, or home, one-half months, during Any evangelist knows that stood there with the B[ JP'Fall of 1973. The Zurich campaign sirable to change audi- hand asking intrigui began with three nights a week |ng the week. Also, it which he proceed, for three weeks and then went change night ap- from the Bible, ek for the ,k and forth. We use many poi he meeti fht that Monday in making his only one hopping night, to his audience?"-———————— wf.«• wee ie that wa ^ favorable for In his first Bfdiicttbn was availatffe. 4 nee. However, in <5iMf * to the standir Jcrowd t we shjaifld ha' erf| circumstances in the large ctjjfjtalium in nights iojMSrder to do all these Zurich, Fearing &V" r e pur ssary jjtbjects," F opened oar pose of his le|J||||ijv|ip||c| draw "Aft§f? careful revi riqp on a Monday men and womeJi4*!rVto4n'e^sfiidy of "nlgfit" _iiijand_ tfle 'other available the Sacred Scri! % to hold some o," . When we ob- relationship wit n the Bern c streets were them find a happ" fine edifies pie shopping on isfying life. "Sureff good neighborhood. So after we wondered overflow audience, three meetings in Bern, we in ould possibly get an here in this meeting vited the people into the church they came. hear my opinion on religi Saturday night meetings. Thi||||| ern," Fearing continued, ters, for your opinion is as ^almost a disaster for we^ to change several times anyone else's when it comes to n-Adventisti, 'from Tuesday to Wednesday, and spiritual things; but we are here It then back again. Also, as has al tonight and will be in future eve else's church in Switzerland is not ready been mentioned, we had nings, to study together Cod©s looked upon with favor. There are meetings in the major audito opinions on vital truths that pertain two major churches in that great rium during the week and Satur to everyday living now and to our country, the Protestant Church day nights in the church. Added future life for eternity." (Zwinglian) and the Catholic to this was the handicap of the Not only was there an overflow Church. Most other churches are people having to hear all the mes crowd that first night but the au considered sects, and a sect is sages through translation. So, dience continued to hold well looked upon as something to be you can see why all of us praise SWITZERLAND 16 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 the Lord for performing a miracle both Zurich and Bern, plus con Along with the evening speaking in drawing people to study the tinuing the baptismal class and appointments, there were two Word of God." the Sabbath seminar in Zurich. daytime evangelistic workshops Pastor Harald Knott translated Some of the most interesting in Zurich and in Bern, with the for Pastor Fearing in Zurich and prophecies and subjects have yet pastors of their respective sec Pastor Johann Laich, secretary of to be presented. These meetings tions attending. the Swiss Union, translated in are still being held in the public Others connected with the Bern. In discussing the problems auditorium. His subjects are campaign besides the translators involved in a translated series, drawing the same good attend mentioned above were Werner Fearing pointed out that there ance and, "best of all, his preach Bodenmann, pastor of the church was one real advantage. "The one ing is not interrupted by English!" at Bern, and the pastors of the speaking," he says, "must choose One factor that brought con two Zurich churches, Emanuel his words carefully. There is no siderable interest to the brethren Zolliker and Jacques Frei. Asso time for wasted language. It tends in Europe concerned the public ciated with them were Elisabeth to tighten one's thinking and presentation of the full basic mes Schmid, Bible instructor; Kurt forces the speaker to be precise sage. Much of this usually had Ehrismann, pastor of nearby in his presentations. It is really been given in the Bible classes, or churches and also youth pastor for surprising how much can be said in private studies in the home, Zurich; and Cunther Klenk, a in so short a time. It might be but not in public meetings. For young man just beginning his beneficial for all ministers to have example: speaking publicly on ministry for the Lord. the experience of a campaign by Christian standards such as un "The results are not as impres way of the translation method!" clean foods, jewelry, theaters, sive as in many places of the About a third of the way dancing, and gambling, were pre world, but the brethren seem to through the campaign, a special sented under the over-all title think they are quite good for Bible class was begun and was "When Christ Was Born in 1973" Switzerland," Fearing reported to held each night for 45 minutes (with Christ born in the heart one the Ministerial Association staff prior to the evening lecture. Pas does not want these things). in Washington. "Of course, many tor Knott taught the class in Now the question was, Would decisions are yet to be made. We Zurich. "What a great joy this was the audience return? They did! all are grateful to Cod for the vic for him!" Pastor Fearing reports. Also messages such as "Tithing tories we witnessed. The people "He would come down from the and Stewardship," and the subject in this land are slow to make 'upper room,' his face radiant of "An Incomplete Communion changes. We heard the expression with the warmth of fellowship he Service—What Is Missing?" (foot many times: 'I know it is in the had experienced with the 35 to washing) did not thin the audi Bible. It is true, but I am satisfied.' 40 attending the class." In Bern ence at all. If anything, the at "Switzerland has not had a these classes are being taught by tendance increased. According to war for some 600 years. They the church pastor, Werner Boden- Pastor Fearing, "The brethren have not experienced great ca mann, with 15 studying for bap came to the conclusion that hon tastrophes or calamities of any tism. est people want to know the kind. It is a prosperous land, truth, and when Christ and His In Zurich a Sabbath seminar where there is virtually no pov love become the major theme of was begun after the subject of the erty or unemployment. Yes, peo the doctrines, the people will Sabbath was presented in the ple are satisfied, and yet the want to do what the Lord of that public meetings. It has drawn an brethren now have more than truth wants fulfilled in their lives. attendance of 45 to 55 non-Ad- 900 names of non-Adventists who Of course, many gospel-conver ventists. Unfortunately, the two attended, 35 to 40 are in one bap sion type messages were inter churches in Zurich have no avail tismal class, 15 in another, 50 in spersed between the major able space for additional mem the special Sabbath seminar, and 'landmark' doctrines." bers. "This presents a serious 12 have been baptized." problem for the brethren," Fear He added that people were very ing states. "They do not yet know generous-in their financial sup where they are going to place the port. More than 15,000 Swiss new believers. They greatly need francs (about US$5,000) were put and desire a new church, but the in baskets at the door as people cost of building in this city is ex left the auditoriums. treme. They are sacrificing and Another outstanding feature of gathering funds. One cannot help these efforts, according to Fear wondering, however, whether ing, was the music presented each they will be able to accomplish week. "We greatly appreciate the all of this by themselves." really fine talent displayed by An excellent follow-up pro the young men and women who gram is now in progress, he re played in the band, the orchestra, ports. Pastor Knott, a skilled evan and those who sang in the choir," gelist in his own right, as well as he stated. "Switzerland can be Pastor A. C. Fearing (also page 16) and his being the Swiss Union president, translator, Pastor H. Knott, president of proud of its youth and their dedi is speaking one night a week in the Swiss Union, preparing for the crusade. cation to service for the Lord."

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 17 selected from the sermonet of the hour. Keep the service unified. eirMNCING 7. Keep the sermonet down to ten minutes or less. If well planned, a ten-minute talk can be most effective. Make one ger TH€ OOMMUMDh mane point. Remember there is also an acted-out sermon involved in the communion service itself. 8. Give explicit definition that the "ordinance of humility" means foot washing! Tell the A CONCERNED PARENT visitors what it is! Assure them they are welcome to (a) partici pate, (b) observe, or (c) remain in the sanctuary. Have the organist or pianist play for those who choose to stay in the church. DRIVING home from church to and will show you have prepared 9. Have a story read or told to day my children complained that for the occasion. the children whose parents are the service was so long they were 3. Keep the announcements engaged in the foot-washing serv starving. After having celebrated to a bare minimum. If necessary ice. A dramatized recording such Communion that's all they could mimeograph a separate or addi as "The Bible in Living Sound" of think about since we didn't leave tional sheet for the bulletin in the crucifixion or Last Supper church until twelve-fifty. They order to say less publicly. The an would be an appropriate interlude had a right to be tired and hungry, nouncements should include a for the young ones at this point. for the service lasted nearly two word about "open communion" 10. One observation regarding hours. From shortly after noon on to put visitors at ease. the act of Communion itself. ward they had been restless as 4. Choose short hymns. Keep Many a young mother has ex they realized the service was only away from those with four or five perienced the exasperation of try half over. Each hymn sung after stanzas. If you need to use a long ing to hold a small glass of grape twelve o'clock added to their hymn, sing only the first and last juice for two or three minutes all frustration. stanzas—two stanzas appreciated the while trying to keep baby's What can we do to streamline are better than all five sung with a hands off the temptation. As a our communion service and at restless longing to stop. youth I belonged to a small Prot the same time not sacrifice but 5. Instruct the organist to play estant congregation whose prac enhance its meaning? Surely noth a short introduction to each hymn. tice would alleviate this problem. ing is gained when our children It is not necessary and is time Each participant partook of the feel that this most important of consuming to play a hymn all the juice as soon as he was served. church services is so time con way through before the congre The congregation partook of the suming. gation begins to sing. bread together signifying the unity As a parent greatly concerned 6. Choose an appropriate but of the Christian body. The juice that the communion service be brief Scripture reading, if one is was drunk separately indicating come a meaningful occasion for to be used. The text should be the necessity of an individual ap young people and visitors, I'd plication of the benefits of Christ's like to make my criticism con atoning blood. One need only structive by suggesting some think back to the original Com things that might be done to make munion to remember the wine at the ordinances a service the whole least was drunk.separately. family can appreciate: 11. A further idea would be to 1. Allow no other "special vary the passages read during the events" to take place on the same act of Communion. Passages such Sabbath. The service mentioned as Philippians 2:1-11, 1 Peter in the first paragraph included a 1:18-22, or Hebrews 9:24-28 will baptism, ordination service, and add a touch of newness for those five minutes of announcements. alert juniors who can repeat from Let Communion have its rightful memory 1 Corinthians 11 and place. Give it sole priority that Matthew 26:26. day. My wife remembers childhood 2. Begin the church service on celebrations of Communion as time. If this necessitates a Friday the day when she went home from evening or early Sabbath morning church hungry. Let's make Com rehearsal, then arrange for one. munion meaningful and send our But begin on time. This will be members, old and young, home appreciated by your congregation at noon—full! Jfe

18 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 Dare to Study Daniel—3 The Family Tree tfthe Katkms

DESMOND FORD

"I, a stranger and afraid In a world I never made."

MANY a man gazing into the silent heavens has felt like the poet and longed for assurance from One greater than himself. In all his early presentations to new interests the worker does well to remember that he lives in an existential age. Meaninglessness is the threat confronting every twentieth-century man. The nerve of moral endeavor has been paralyzed for many by angst, dread, despair. Our ultimate objective is to show that only in Christ can man know the world, himself, and God, and that the Seventh-day Sabbath is the symbol of meaningful existence to those who recognize Christ as Creator and Redeemer. Until we reach the point where the Sabbath is to be presented we should stress Cod's answer to spiritual malaise overwhelming a world of cast-off orphans. Every Bible study or sermon should ring through and through with the certainty of a basic undergirding beneficent reality in life that makes existence a privi lege rather than an endurance test. Too many people look upon Bible prophecy as the gospel minister's crystal ball, from which he discerns the image of coming events concerning nations. But Bible prophecy is meant to be a mirror for every Christian, a mirror revealing his own destiny. It is not merely prediction, but comfort and guidance. The New Testament as well as the Old makes it

Desmond Ford, Ph.D., is chairman, department of theology, Avondale College, Australia.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 19 "When the books of Daniel and shed of modern theology. It is this issue that divides Revelation are better understood, liberals from evangelicals. Has God conveyed preposi tional truth as well as personal existential challenge, believers will have an entirely different or is all interpretation of Scripture to be subjective on religious experience." Testimonies the premise that the Word is nonpropositional? The to Ministers, p. 114. second position is the fruitage of skeptical philosophy rather than the heritage of traditional Christianity. clear that prophecy has as its grand objective the Four Universal Kingdoms edification and comfort of believers (see 1 Cor. To read the record foretelling the future course of 14:3; Rom. 15:4). We err whenever we expound the the centuries brings inevitable conviction to the Scriptures in such a way as to make mere foretelling honest heart. It is an undeniable fact that from Dan their chief purpose. iel's time to our own, four great empires have suc Divine prophecy demonstrates that our world is a ceeded one another, increasing both in size and in ship under control, rather than a wandering iceberg, significance for the church and the world. These four and that our individual lives may be likewise. We are are Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. not alone—a scurrying, harassed leaf in a senseless Those who date the composition of Daniel as be universe. longing to the second century B.C. usually contend Prophecy tells of a providence that provides for all that Babylon, Media, Persia, and Greece are the four things and for every person. No wonder then that kingdoms symbolized by the image. However, Daniel some of the greatest of human minds in recent cen knows no separate Median kingdom. The breast and turies, heeding Christ's admonition, have found joy arms of the image, the bear which so crouched as to and profit in the prophetic pages of the Bible. Con reveal two sides, and the ram with two horns—each of spicuous among them was Sir Isaac Newton, certainly these symbols emphasizes the duality of the power one of the outstanding scientists of all time. Few are represented. In Daniel 5 nothing is said about the aware that he probably spent more time on the Medes in the inscription on the wall, yet the prophet prophecies of the book of Daniel than on his study interprets that the kingdom of Babylon is to be suc of gravitation. ceeded by "the Medes and the Persians" in harmony This wonderful book recommended by Christ for with the word Pares, which is a play on the Aramaic Christians of the last days contains prophecies ex for "Persian." The liberal view makes the leopard of tending to the "time of the end." It presents detailed chapter seven the symbol of Persia but, as has often chain descriptions of the rise and fall of earth's most influential empires, from the days of Nebuchadnezzar been shown, the fleetness of the leopard augmented till the ultimate establishment of the kingdom of by its four wings would be an inept symbol for the slow-moving armies of Persia but most appropriate for Cod. Four times the seer previewed the centuries of the future in his day, on each successive occasion the rapid movements of Alexander's forces. beholding additional details filling out the original Four civilization-molding powers, extending like sketch. The initial outline, the A-B-C of Bible proph concentric circles in strength and conquest until the ecy, contains a bird's-eye view of the events of three whole of what we know as Europe would be absorbed, millenniums and more. It is found in the second chap were foretold by the Old Testament seer. The fourth ter of Daniel, and its details need not be repeated for empire, Rome, was to be divided into fragments of the reader who has so often presented it himself. varying strength, which in futile fashion would, In 213 words, the prophet Daniel described the throughout all later years, endeavor to weld them selves into yet another empire. Ultimately, a fifth em course of history and its meaning more accurately pire would indeed arise, but it would be one divine in than all the historians of the ages! origin and rulership. The prophetic statement regard Verse 28 of the second chapter answers our funda mental human need as it gives the assurance, "There ing the nations that sprang from old Rome—"they is a Cod in heaven that revealeth secrets." We live in shall not cleave one to another"—has been confirmed an age that has endeavored to outlaw God and by more than fifteen centuries of bloody but fruitless war, and by the barren intrigues of statecraft over that revelation by stress on the absolute reign of physical same period. law. The materialistic science of the past three cen turies, and the philosophy of men such as Kant, have Mingling Churchcraft With Statecraft asserted that the laws of nature operate uniformly, The attempted amalgamation of the iron and clay in inexorably, and independently of any divine Lawgiver. the feet of the image also points to the system of Thus the universe is represented as a closed system, unable to reveal to its prisoner any sure knowledge of the supernal realms beyond. "Those who eat the flesh and Both scientists and philosophers have forgotten that drink the blood of the Son of God will although a bird may not fly out of its atmosphere, the Creator of bird and atmosphere is free to insert His bring from the books of Daniel and finger into time and space, and place it lovingly upon Revelation truth that is inspired the bird. There is a God in heaven that revealeth by the Holy Spirit. They will start into secrets, and He has intervened in history to offer man action forces that cannot be re revelation and redemption. Before some audiences it would be appropriate to pressed." Testimonies to Ministers, point out that this matter of revelation is the water p. 116.

20 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 Antichrist in the last days. This system, styled by Scrip mit their sinful habits to be broken by Christ's gospel, ture as "the abomination of desolation" because of those who receive forgiveness of sins, need not its idolatrous and persecuting tendencies, will result henceforth be anxious "about anything" (Phil. 4:6, from the unseemly union of church and state in or R.S.V.). To be wholly dependent upon Cod is to be der to enforce a form of worship contrary to Scrip come independent of all else. This prophecy assures ture. Ellen G. White confirms this unusual interpreta the believer that God's love overrules all chance and tion as follows: "We have come to a time when Cod's change. sacred work is represented by the feet of the image in It is not true for the believer that "history teaches which the iron was mixed with the miry clay. . . . The us that history teaches us nothing." History is indeed mingling of churchcraft and statecraft is represented H/s-story. Christ is no absentee Landlord, permitting by the iron and the clay. This union is weakening all His house to disintegrate through careless tenants. the power of the churches. This investing the church The right reading of history brings the assurance that with the power of the state will bring evil results."— He who controls the cosmos also guides the atom. «fe The SDA Bible Commentary, Ellen G. White Com ments, on Dan. 2:43, pp. 1168,1169. Had Daniel written out of his own imagination, why should he have stopped at four in predicting coming empires in Asia and Europe? Why not fourteen? or forty? Surely, if Babylon was to give way to Medo- Persia, and Medo-Persia to Greece, and Greece to Rome, would not Rome likewise give way to another, and that conqueror to yet another, and so on? The ful fillment of this prophecy of Daniel 2 alone is sufficient to demonstrate the inspiration of the Bible and the fact that our world is not a runaway.

The Lesson of Deterioration The prophecy of Daniel 2 makes it plain that all things earthly, however grand, must deteriorate un less linked with God. Consider the gradual deteriora tion shown by the symbolism of the metal man. With the passing of the years there is transition from gold to silver, from silver to brass, from brass to iron and clay, and finally to nothingness after the very dust has been blown away as the chaff from a threshing floor. There is deterioration also suggested by the in creasing multiplicity in the symbolism of the image. From the single symbol of the head of gold we pass to a dual symbol of breast and arms, and then to the presentation of abdomen and thighs. This is suc ceeded by the decimal picture of the toes, and then ultimately the myriad scattered specks of dust. In value and in specific gravity the parts of the image re flect the same lesson of deterioration. While proud man since the eighteenth-century enlightenment has rejoiced in the law of progress, twentieth-century events have endorsed the principle expressed in this prophecy, that apart from God, all things human de teriorate rather than improve. And what is true of the conglomerate is also true of the individual. You and I are on our way to decay and eternal nothingness un less we take hold of divine power. "How shall we es cape, if we neglect so great salvation?" (Heb. 2:3). Why did Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome each fail to endure? What was their fatal weakness or mistake? The answer is that to each came the gospel through God's messengers, but each rejected it.

The Stone That Became a Mountain In this same chapter, however, is to be found heavenly comfort. The growth of the tiny pebble into a mountain filling the earth for eternity is parabolic of the fact that believers in Christ, though despised like Him, will continually increase and prosper re gardless of all transitory events. Those who now per

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 21 Revival and Reformation—3

EasyaninBmm*mm ****** m*m

AS A priest and judge of Israel, manding or commanding parent. Eli held the highest and most If they did something wrong, Eli responsible position among the would say in his easygoing way, people of God. He had the spirit "Now, boys, you be good." And of the average thinking person that was all there was to it. Be R. W. TAYLOR and he loved peace. Since cause they learned that they could being exalted to the office of high get away with about anything priest, as many would say today, they wanted to, Eli's boys did not "he had arrived." His was the learn reverence to parents or highest position in the land. to God. Life was easy; they He could say, "I'll eat, drink, and didn't have to work for a living. enjoy the advantages I have. The "Instead of regarding the eyes of all Israel are on me. 1 am education of his sons as one of their leader. I give the orders. the most important of his respon What I do is all right. My children sibilities, he treated the matter are the children of the high as of little consequence."— priest. Let them be the leaders of Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 575. other children. Let them speak His thought was, everything will and let other children look up to work out all right. Just give them. The nation;Vyants it that it time. And that was all the devil way. They want us to lead them." needed—time. Thus Eli relaxed. His life's "He indulged his children ambition had been realized. But in whatever they desired."— Ibid. let's not forget that Eli was also Whatever a little whimper or a religious man. cry could cause their father to Eli had two sons and, as is supply was provided for his typical of fathers, he was proud spoiled sons. of them. In those days and As a result, Eli "neglected the in that country sons were an indi work of fitting them for the service cation of Cod's blessings. of God and the duties of life" I suppose as he looked at the (ibid.). Yet this was what he two little boys God had blessed most wanted them to do—serve in him with, Eli said to himself, the work of God. Easygoing "Someday you will be God's high Eli failed his sons and now the priests in my place. What sons failed their father. They honor! What blessing! My house became indifferent to spiritual hold leading Israel for the years things. The sacrifices and offerings to come." were meaningless to them. Eli's two sons were named They saw only the meat, food, Hophni and Phinehas. They were and personal profit, and not sweet little boys. Whatever the Saviour toward which the they did, Eli thought was clever. services pointed. Life was a He was far from a stern or de- carnival for them and the sanc tuary became only a means of R. W. Taylor is Ministerial Association satisfying their desires. secretary of the Afro-Mideast Division. The people were so ill-treated

22 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 the children are too young to be breakers."— Child Guidance, punished; wait until they become p. 533. older. Thus wrong habits are left 2. We are always quoting the to strengthen until they become Holy Scriptures. Never should second nature to the child while Scripture be quoted in a jest he is becoming older. or paraphrased to point a witty By his easygoing and lax ways, saying. Children will pick it up and Eli caused the ruination of his become indifferent to Scrip own sons and led thousands of ture. Every word of God is pure. his countrymen astray. It took (See Child Guidance, pages Samuel twenty years to bring 538, 539.) Israel to the place where God 3. "The house of God is often could again bless them—twenty desecrated, and the Sabbath vio years to undo the poor ex lated by Sabbath-believers' ample of Eli, the easygoing children. In some cases they are high priest. even allowed to run about the What about our own families? house, play, talk and manifest Have we been like Eli? Whether their evil tempers in the very they are youth or adults, meetings where the saints should that many stopped coming are they as spiritually-minded worship God in the beauty of to the temple. The spirituality of as you would like them to be? holiness. . . . This is enough the nation declined. This was not Don't think that time can change to bring God's displeasure and only the fault of the sons of the situation. Eli's sons were shut His presence from our Eli but, of course, can be traced perhaps fifty years of age when assemblies."— Ibid., p. 540. back to easygoing Eli. He wasn't they died. They took the ark of 4. "Your child should be taught the father he should have been. God to battle without asking to obey. ... If this standard "God held Eli, as a priest and God whether they should go or is maintained, a word from you judge of Israel, accountable not. Because they led their people will have some weight when your for the moral and religious stand wrongly, thirty thousand Israel child is restless in the house ing of his people, and in a special ites died on the battlefield. of Cod."—Ibid., p. 544. sense for the character of his Thirty thousand deaths were at 5. "No man can bring into the sons."— Ibid., p. 578. tributed to Hophni and Phinehas. church an influence that he does Because of Eli's position, all Thousands stopped coming to not exert in his home. . . . Let Israel looked to him as an exam the sanctuary. there be peace in the home, ple to follow. "His family life When Eli learned that the ark and there will be peace in the was imitated throughout Israel. had been taken, he recognized church. . . . Quarrels will cease. The baleful results of his neg that the glory of Jehovah had True Christian courtesy will ligent, ease-loving ways were seen departed from Israel. What a be seen among church members." in thousands of homes that were rebuke it would be to a high — Ibid., p. 549. molded by his example."— Ibid., priest to realize this had hap 6. "If you have failed in your p. 579. What a tragedy! It leads pened under his tenure of office. duty to your families, confess us seriously to consider the The thought that it was his sin your sins before God. Gather question, What do our members that caused it was more than he your children about you and see in our ministry? could bear and his strength acknowledge your neglect. Tell Eventually all the evil of the gave way. He died. (See Patri them that you desire to bring sons of Eli was brought archs and Prophets, page 585.) about a reformation in the to his attention, and if he had Applying this experience to the home, and ask them to help you acted as a high priest should, he homes and service of our min to make the home what it ought would have removed his sons isters today we should par to be. . . . Pray with them; and from the positions they held. ticularly note the following: ask God to spare their lives, and "Dreading thus to bring public 1. "Many are indifferent and to help them to prepare for a disgrace and condemnation upon do not know where their children home in His kingdom."— them, he sustained them in the are or what they are doing. Par Ibid., p. 557. most sacred positions of trust. ents, above everything take Maybe there are some like Eli He still permitted them to care of your children upon the who recognize that there mingle their corruption with Sabbath. Do not suffer them to needs to be a reformation in their holy service of God."— Ibid., violate God's holy day by playing homes before it can start in p. 577. Thus Eli put his own fam in the house or out-of-doors. their churches. This is a good ily's honor before the honor of You may just as well break time to think of these things as God. the Sabbath yourselves as to we are looking for revival and Sins and wrong tendencies are let your children do it, and when reformation. It should start never to be tolerated. When we you suffer your children to with the ministry; however, no do, the devil gets a foothold. wander about and suffer them revival can come or last unless These things must be snipped to play upon the Sabbath, God it starts and is practiced in the in the bud. Sometimes we say looks upon you as Sabbath- home. fe

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 23 Something New The editors interview F. Donald Yost, newly appointed archivist, General Conference

Don, the term archives con ments may have permanent his Archives submitted by Adventist jures up musty museums, dusty torical or cultural value. In addi history teachers in January, 1973. records, and stacks of yellowed tion, he must keep abreast of the You're a long way from retire paper and ancient books. I'm needs and problems of his organi ment, Don. One can picture an sure you see it differently now zation. An archives is a memory. archivist as a rather decrepit old that you have become our first Just as an individual's memory fellow, in ancient garb and lean General Conference archivist. keeps him from repeating his ing on a crooked cane. How come How do you view your job? mistakes, so an institutional ar you're interested? chives, rightly managed, can help The word archives certainly keep the organization from re I discovered to my own surprise, does conjure up old things. And peating its mistakes. when W. J. Hackett, GC vice- it also seems to connote musty president, first invited me to think Why is it that the General Con scholars poring over almost-for about archives work, that every ference, after 110 years of official gotten manuscripts. aspect of the job—from handling operation, suddenly needs an However, these mental pictures of priceless documents of the archivist? soon fade when a person actually past to accessioning almost-cur begins to handle materials pro The need for an archives at rent materials, from the exhilara duced by his spiritual ancestors. headquarters is not new or sud tion of establishing a new service For example, the General Con den. During the secretaryship of for the church to processing sin ference Archives contains early Denton E. Rebok (1952-1954), an gle items—found a response in SDA periodicals, pamphlets, and article appeared in the American my own interests and abilities. committee minutes. It also houses Archivist describing the holdings My background of editorial the correspondence of CC of the statistical secretary, the work with four church magazines presidents and other officers be secretarial department, and the —often dealing with church his ginning in 1888, and it is not un treasury department. Elder Rebok tory and news—my acquaintance common to come across letters spoke then of his hope to set up with General Conference per to and from Haskell, Jones, and an archives that would be suitable sonnel and affairs directly or in W. C. White, to name but a few. for housing and servicing GC rec directly for 33 years, and my As the work proceeds, the ar ords and historical materials. knowledge of how the General chivist becomes acquainted with Almost every secretary and as Conference functions have pre these men. They soon stand out sociate secretary of the GC since pared me to understand the docu as personalities not just person that time has longed for the es ments we find in the vaults and to ages. Anyone who enjoys learning tablishment of a central and well- determine their future value. And or helping others learn is a po managed archives, for while the significance of the documents tential archivist! many of the offices at headquar we handle banishes even the hint I view the archivist as a care ters, have been carefully retaining of monotony. taker of the records of the past all the historical material they Graduate work in communica who at the same time is learning could, access to these files has tions research, in the social sci to use the modern techniques of been limited if not physically im ences, in administration, and in records management, systems possible. Arthur L. White, secre statistics and information re analysis, and information re tary of the Ellen G. White Estate, trieval has helped to prepare me trieval. has told me that for ten years he for a task I never dreamed would He must develop an under has been pleading for a church be mine. standing of how yesterday's, archivist. Others, such as R. L. As for age, I've discovered that today's, and tomorrow's docu- Odom, have urged the same young people fill many key posts thing. in State and national archives in Don Yost is General Conference The catalysts for fulfilling these the United States. For example, Archivist. Prior to this he served as long-expressed needs were the the new head archivist of the editor of Insight and associate church's plan to establish a Euro Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential book editor in the Review and Herald pean Research Center and a pro Library is a young woman under Publishing Association. posal for a General Conference thirty.

24 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 Irchhrist for the General Conference

Who will be permitted to use an institutional archives covering cedures to our specific materials. the facilities and materials in the the period from 1863 to the pres Our inventory will show us GC archives? ent. We give priority to the proper what we are working with and arrangement and description of assist us in knowing where to be Our policy states that "the presently held documents and to gin with our later processing Archives of the General Confer the collecting of all materials pro work. The records management ence of Seventh-day Adventists duced or used by the adminis program will establish a close are open to responsible research trative offices, departments, and working relationship with each ers and church administrators. services of the General Confer office and department of the GC Limited use may be granted to ence itself. so that as materials in these areas others with proper credentials." The GC Archives looks forward become noncurrent they will The policy goes on to state that to assisting overseas division automatically be transferred into certain items will be open to re headquarters, GC institutions, a records center and from there, search use immediately, others and perhaps union headquarters later, into the archives. after ten years, and still others in North America in the preserva Our early weeks of work also after a longer time. tion of their important papers. have involved determining user These archives are not to be a Quite recently the Australasian privileges and acquainting mem closed-storage area but a vital Division voted to establish the bers of the GC staff with the pur part of our growing church—a division archives at Avondale poses and philosophy of their new service to administratcrs, scholars, College. I hope other divisions archives. and other interested and respon will adopt similar plans. Present space and facilities are sible persons. These archives will cooperate in adequate, but as we proceed, What is the relationship of the providing scholars and church some additional stack space will General Conference Archives to leaders with source material be needed. A reference room for the Heritage Rooms of Andrews needed in the pursuit of their researchers, historians, and visit and Loma Linda universities? work. ing scholars is our only immediate Both Heritage Rooms were es need. You haven't been at it very tablished and functioning for One of our greatest pleasures long. What has happened so far some time before the establish in the near future will be in seeing and what do you project for the ment of the GC Archives. They the records of the church's past immediate future as far as needs both have sought to gather to fulfilling both administrative and and facilities are concerned? gether materials relating to Ad- scholarly needs. Several GC-ap- ventism from the Millerite days At present our work falls into pointed committees are pres to the present. They have secured three categories: (1) establishing ently working in areas that touch and continue to seek private col policies and procedures, (2) draw on past events and doctrinal dis lections of retired or deceased ing up a general inventory of the cussions. And a number of book- workers, rare books and peri content of the GC vaults and length writing projects, now on odicals, and even artifacts of in storage areas, and (3) setting up the drawing board in various terest. Much extremely valuable a viable records management places, will require careful re material would have been lost had program. search in all available primary it not been for the foresight of Within a few weeks most of our sources relating to the history of administrators, librarians, and basic policies will have been ap our church. others in these institutions. proved and recorded by the The future contribution of the The Oakwood College library Archives and Statistical Yearbook General Conference Archives to is establishing an archival collec Committee, under the chairman the heritage, mission, and ad tion to include materials concern ship of C. O. Franz, secretary of ministration of the church is ing the history of the college and the General Conference. Mrs. limited only by the tendency we of the black constituency of the Barbara Forquer, who is the other all have to "forget the way the Regional Department of the North assigned member of the archives Lord has led us, and His teaching American Division. staff, and I have already begun in our past history" (Life Sketches, The GC Archives are basically applying standard archival pro p. 196). £

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 25 The ministry nf a

And the people . . . followed him: and he received them, and spake unto them of the kingdom of God, and healed them that had need of healing (Luke 9:11).

WILBER ALEXANDER GEORGE WEBBER, in Cod's the world this can only show it Colony in Man's World, relates a self when the church, through its painful but poignant account of a members and its own life, ex visitation incident experienced presses the servanthood of Christ. by one of the ministers of an in . . . When the church, by the terdenominational East Harlem mercy of God, is the servant of store-front church. The mission- Christ and does its work in the minded minister set out to call on spirit of a servant, it possesses the all of the thirty-three families in a only possible credential." * tenement building near the The implications of the East Har church. To his knock on the doors lem enigma in mission outreach came the unvaried response, are becoming more and more "Who?" Evidently the answers the apparent for the Seventh-day frustrated pastor gave were not Adventist Church today. Who are enough, for the doors remained we to knock on the doors of barred. This "guarded" response "those who dwell on earth, to raised the question for God©s every nation and tribe and tongue colony in East Harlem: "Who are and people" (Rev. 14:6, R.S.V.)? we to knock on every door in Har What is the process by which we lem? What really validates our seek to maintain our integrity, authority to those inside?" In his our reason for existence? attempt to answer this probing For many years now we have question, Webber asserts: been talking about the right "The world has every right to church, and the right arm, and ask this question, but too often, the right mouth for communicat in its eagerness to win the world, ing the right message. In spite of the church gives the wrong an some of our statistical and even swers or short-circuits completely personal successes, however, we the process by which it would have yet to put what we are and maintain its own integrity. The do together in enough of an in primary credentials which a tegrated wholeness to speak with church can possess are simply to sufficient authority to unbar many, be the church, to reflect as fully many, closed doors. Much of the as God makes possible the being world is still answering our knock and life of the people of God. In with a probing "Who?" This article is one of many on Wither Alexander, Ph.D., is professor going attempts to probe seriously of Theology and Clinical Ministry, the meaning and validity of the Division of Religion, Loma Linda unique ministry we have been University. called and commissioned to do as

26 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 a healing church. We will deal with in saved man's life, individually (1) the ministry of healing; (2) the and corporately. The life of Jesus ministry of healing persons; (3) took "the form of a servant'' the putting together of a healing (Phil. 2:7). ministry; and (4) the healing Thus it is that any and all kinds of ministry. of men, women, and children are gathered and incorporated by the The Ministry of Healing Holy Spirit into transforming, re The whole story o,f the New newing, encounter and com Testament, with its wide variety munion with Christ. Possessed of close-ups and cameos of Christ and filled by redeeming love, and Christianity, revolves around they are compelled fjpu gratitude the theme of ministry. For a to serve that lov© 5^ the great change, Someone had come not mission of reconciliation and heal to be ministered to but to min ing of the world. ister! This common possession of love Ellen White comments: "Our and mission creates a community Lord Jesus Christ came to this of ministry called "God's people." world as the unwearied servant Note Peter's description: "You of man's necessity. He 'took our are a chosen race, a royal priest infirmities, and bare our sick hood, a holy nation, God's own nesses,' that He might minister people, that you may declare the to every need of humanity. ... It wonderful deeds of him who was His mission to bring to men called you out of darkness into complete restoration; He came his marvelous light" (1 Peter 2:9, to give them health and peace and R.S.V.). These "people" are perfection of character."— Gospel Other- and other-directed. They Workers, p. 41. deliberately find themselves Whenever Christ's creative, among those who are sick, hurt, transforming power breaks into and in need, and in the most un human life, that power takes likely places ... in the church, or some definite form or structure. in the most irreligious community, This is usually thought to be the and, in the most ordinary experi Christian life as lived in a justifica ences of life. These people do not tion- and sanctification-saving merely gather for worship and in sense. To be a Christian means so struction, they scatter for service! very much more than being saved! They are a pilgrim people ever It means that the form of life and moving across time and space, work seen in the life and work of participating in and making salva the Lord Jesus Christ takes shape tion history for the glory of God.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 27 The whole dynamic for ministry goals of ministry—those of heal is thus clearer when we see that ing, reconciling, restoring, and Christ has not created a people, preparing mankind to meet his even a "remnant people," with God. In this sense, we are to use an organized life, to which He each of our gifts for the ministry adds a missionary task to be per of healing in both the church and formed. Nor does the Lord create the world. We are to be unique, structures of ministry for the healing persons. church that are designed purely as functions of church mission. The Ministry of Healing Persons Once we were "no people," but The Swiss psychiatrist Balint now we are "God's people," nostalgically probes the secret of Peter says. Once we had not re the "old family doctor" who was ceived mercy, and forgiveness, and rarely paid but greatly loved. His acceptance, but now we have. What conclusion is that the doctor him we then do in response called self is an extremely powerful drug, ministry is in its purest sense and those who use it relieve more spontaneous, free from all coer suffering than has yet been re cion and promotion either by corded by the most powerful individuals or institutions. As drugs in the pharmacopoeia. The saved men and women under the family doctor knew this to be so direction of the Spirit, we extend and he prescribed himself in the healing ministry of Christ in generous doses. the church and in the world. Today, however, the galloping Christ actually ministers the gospel advances of medical discovery through us! have changed the shape of medi The dignity and responsibility cal care, even the care given by of such ministry rests on what the "good old family doctor." Christ has done for us and wishes Personal care, by and large, has to do through us, and is to be changed to community and highly carried on in lowliness and grati professional care. Men and detachment, tend not to touch tude as supreme privilege. women of the medical profession people in other than scientific, As individuals, and as a church, are denounced for not taking a coldly materialistic, and utilitarian gathered and compelled by love more personal interest in their ways. to ministry, we are not a homog patients. It is true that in an age of It was not so with Christ. It must enized mass of duplicate saints. specialization with the inherent no longer be true of us! We are each unique persons, and danger of a fragmentary approach In the Gospels the one dis we fulfill a diversity of ministerial to individuals, patients tend to be tinctive thing about Christ's heal functions as the Holy Spirit gives cured or buried, without ever ing ministry is the dramatic power and exercises His gifts through revealing their identity except on of His person. He said of Himself: us. Whatever our education or office and hospital forms. "The Spirit of the Lord God is training, or whatever talents or In reality we probably have upon me, because the Lord has abilities we have, no man ministers something of a continuum be anointed me to bring good tidings for Christ in his own right and tween the horse-and-buggy doc to the afflicted; he has sent me to strength, but only in complete tor with his well-intentioned but bind up the brokenhearted, to dependence on the Spirit of God, woefully inadequate means of proclaim liberty to the captives, who gives to each Christian as He practice, who is a dignified citi and the opening of the prison to wills and sees best. zen of the community, respected those who are bound" (Isa. 61:1, We are all "ministers," and we and loved as he dispenses what R.S.V.). each have a distinct ministry, but medicine he knows with healing Commenting on this verse Ellen we are not all evangelists, pastors, compassion, and the medical sci White notes: "Christ came to heal teachers, doctors, or prophets. entist who has all the latest tools the sick, to proclaim deliverance Our gifts are only a part of the for his diagnostic and therapeutic to the captives of Satan. He was ministry of the whole body. If the armory, but can only warm to, and in Himself health and strength. whole body were the preacher's speak in glowing terms of, a bal He imparted His life to the sick, mouth, where would be the arm anced endocrine system or of the afflicted, those possessed of and hand to unbar doors? And if amino-acid complexes. Each doc demons. He turned away none the whole body were the doctor's tor must consult with his own who came to receive His healing "right arm," are all of the weaker conscience and practice, to de power. . . . And when virtue from parts of the body then indispen termine where he is on the con Christ entered into these poor sable? tinuum. souls, they were convicted of sin, The whole direction of Paul's The same specter of imper- and many were healed of their discussion of the gifts of the Spirit sonalism hovers about all voca spiritual disease, as well as of their for ministry is toward unifying all tions. We all, by our carefully con physical maladies. 7776 gospel still of the gifts for achieving the ditioned, twentieth-century possesses the same power, and

28 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 are clear channels for the healing power of God to flow through. In the New Testament alone the Spirit is referred to nearly three hundred times. The one word with which "Spirit" is continually as sociated is "power." The life we impart to the sick and afflicted flows out from us as the Spirit coming into our own energies and capacities expands them and works through them as we minis ter. We are laid hold of by One greater than ourselves. We face situations and persons, we speak words, and we accomplish things that in our own strength would be utterly impossible. The Holy Spirit seems to mix and mingle His power with our own. All of the tian minister is responsible for the fruits of the Spirit are a reality in bodies of his parishioners as well experience as divine fullness flows as their souls. The Christian through us to others. church is responsible for the bod All this is mystery, but it is most ies and souls of the world. We certainly not myth. It is a spiritual have no other mission, we must fact that when a Christian's life is use no other method. such that Christ can go with him to "He was in Himself health and the sick there will come to their strength. "In his book The Trouble lives the conviction that the heal with the Church, Helmut Thie- ing Christ is present in and licke warns preachers to live in the through that Christian. He is in why should we not today witness house of their own theology so fact a healing person. the same results? . . . He [Christ] that what they say and do will have Christ "turned away none who is just as willing to heal the sick credibility. While God did not came to receive His healing now as when He was personally choose us as His people because power" (The Desire of Ages, p. on earth. Christ's servants are of any piety we might exhibit, it 823). From the number of times His representatives, the channels surely follows that knowing what this thought appears in the book for His working. He desires we know of the truth of God, as The Desire of Ages it seems evi through them to exercise His heal that truth touches all of living and dent that Christ's sensitivity to ing power."—The Desire of Ages, life-style, we ought to reveal a every person, regardless of condi pp. 823, 824. (Italics supplied.) qualitative spiritual experience tion or situation in life, is intended The above text and commentary that is without question. Quite as a clear revelation to us of the rightly understood and applied apart from our own knowing at a scope and extent of our ministry given moment what our "health afford a kind of "sacramental" /as healing persons. We have all analogy that can help us see more and strength" are, anyone who had our share of crocks, neurotics, precisely the nature of our minis sees us and knows us should be / and hypochondriacs whom we able to sense the working of divine try as healing persons. have diagnosed and dismissed as "Christ came to heal the sick, power in us. untreatable. These are the people to proclaim deliverance . . . "There "He imparted His life to the sick, Jesus seemed to come nearest to, was never a question in Christ's the afflicted."Jesus was a man of because they needed Him more. sorrows and acquainted with grief mind as to what He was about. His He had come to heal and impart ministry was to the needs of the while on earth. He felt the agony His life to the sick; these desper whole man. He understood per and pain of the sick and revealed ately needed to be touched by fectly the cause-and-effect rela an empathy and sympathy that we His life. can only approach through our tionship between the physical, The lesson is obvious. True heal the emotional, and the spiritual union with Him by the Holy Spirit. ing ministry will find a way to take The life of the healing Christian in illness and health. He did not people right where they are, in compartmentalize His ministry into is sacramental, because it is a life whatever situation or condition lived in and by the Spirit. From the clinical and spiritual dimensions. they may be, and will help them in For Him there could be no "heal time of Pentecost whenever a per any way possible. That will take son or a church has been imbued ing" of illness in the truest sense some putting together, which we unless and until men had been with the Spirit of Jesus Christ, the will deal with next month. ^ delivered from sin. power received has profoundly To be continued The Christian doctor is responsi influenced the bodies and minds ble for the souls as well as the of other men. When the Spirit is * George Webber, Cod's Colony in Msn's bodies of his patients. The Chris in control of our lives by faith we World (New York: Abingdon Press, 1960), p. 108.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 29 MAXINE ATTEBERRY Shall the Adventist hospital industries to call people to the become just another community area. LIKE it or not, changes in hospital? Shall it lose the Warburton serves two kinds medical care and changes in characteristics that have set it of patients—acute and long-term, hospital organization and apart? Or, with the necessary or chronic. For the acutely ill' management must be accepted as changes, is there reason to hope there are the usual facilities fact. Government regulations that our hospitals can still be found in modern general and requirements have become unique in the community of hospitals. For the long-term so all-inclusive it is no longer medical institutions? I think they patient there is much emphasis possible for a medical institution can and, furthermore, I think on rehabilitation. The physical to establish its own policies and they must if they are to attract therapy department is well standards dictated by its own patients, for unless we have equipped and extensively used. philosophy and objectives. Thus something to offer that cannot Patients are encouraged to be out Adventist institutions have lost readily be found elsewhere, the of their rooms as much as some of the distinctive features public will not beat a path to our possible. One sees them in that have kept them, for a much door. occupational therapy, in the longer period of time, from When I had the privilege of parlors, in the dining room, and many of the influences and visiting in Australia, in 1971, I on the roof. pressures felt in most hospitals, visited the Warburton Sanitarium This institution, in spite of its but now these forces must be and Hospital, located in a isolation, is enjoying a patronage reckoned with. beautiful mountainous area. It is which, while not overflowing, What does this mean then? about fifty miles from the is sufficient for operation in the nearest city and has the peaceful black. A modest addition has Maxine Atteberry, R.N., is professor rural atmosphere that reminds recently been made to increase of nursing, Loma Linda University, having most recently served as one of St. Helena. It is in a largely the number of hospital beds. associate secretary, department of Seventh-day Adventist com As I visited, I began to look health, Far Eastern Division. munity, and there are no nearby for reasons for its success in a

30 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 location that might make it look out above others. It is remember In the infant unit there are doomed to failure. Indeed, the ing that Mrs. Jones likes hot children who have never learned man who met us at the airport water instead of cold for to walk. When they were old said, "The person responsible brushing her teeth in the morning, enough to stand and walk, there for locating a hospital way out and getting it for her without was no one to give the necessary here ought to have his head being reminded. It is taking help; so they continue to crawl. examined." Yet it does keep time to help Mr. Parker out of Eventually their legs below the operating, and appears to be bed and into a chair before meal knees simply atrophy, making meeting a real need in the time because he prefers to eat walking physically impossible. community, both physically and his meals sitting up. It is Now this need not be so. If spiritually. As I looked and lis answering Mrs. Russell's frequent somebody took the time to give tened, I think I saw two out calls promptly and cheerfully, a little assistance and encourage standing reasons for its ability to even though they are for non- ment, this condition could be continue to attract patients: essentials and you are busy. avoided. But the employees are 1. The complete, wholehearted At the National League for busy, grossly understaffed, with dedication of the entire staff to Nursing convention in Dallas in inadequate facilities, and they reaching the objectives of the 1971, Dr. Ashley Montague have seen so much suffering and hospital. presented the address. Dr. death that many have ceased to be 2. The outstandingly good Montague offered love as the moved by human need. work that is being done by the panacea for all of today's ills. This is an extreme example of staff in all departments. They He spoke of the dehumanization the effects of lack of caring, seemed to have the attitude, of people that begins at birth but it serves to illustrate the "This is God's work and it when the infant is isolated in a importance of personal love and demands our best." nursery and fed from a bottle, interest. We would not expect to find children with atrophied The medical director is a man when it should be cuddled in its legs because they were not who is sincerely concerned with mother's arms and fed from her taught to walk, but people with the welfare of his patients. He breast. This dehumanization withered hopes and atrophy of takes time to visit with each continues through life and is faith and courage are within one frequently—not to chat one of the bases for today's reaching distance of most of us. about the weather or baseball alienation of the youth. It is They need the touch of loving scores—but about the patient's found in schools, in industry, concern. needs, his progress, his goals and particularly in hospitals. And what about spiritual min for the future. He is actively Humanization depends on love. istry? Prayer at bedtime is a sort teaching healthful living, not in To be a humanizing agent we of hallmark of Adventist institu formal lectures, but on a direct must learn to love. One learns to tions. I trust we will never one-to-one basis. Public meetings love by loving just as one learns discard that practice. But prayer are held where various aspects of to speak by talking. This hu to be effective must be preceded our health message are pre manizing love is something we by good nursing practice. No sented, but these do not replace can and should give to our prayer, however beautifully the personal work with the patients and to all we are called worded or sincerely offered, can patient. to serve in our health-related offset inadequate, inefficient, or In talking about his program, ministry. It is part of the per sloppy care. Prayer will not take he said this, "We are no better sonalized service of which we the wrinkles out of a draw sheet, professionally than the average have been speaking; indeed, nor the ache out of a poorly physician in this community, personal interest that is not massaged back. It is wonderful but the personal interest, the based on love is selfish and may to pray for a good night's sleep time we spend personally with actually be detrimental. after doing everything possible the patients on their health and Some may protest that our to make a good night's sleep medical problems, is something hospital workers do not have time possible. extra that they would not get in for that kind of service. Let me Yes, winds of change are another institution. They appre say that service based on love blowing down our hospital ciate it." does not necessarily take more corridors and through the halls time than perfunctory, thought This same spirit of personal of our other institutions. You less care. No hospital can afford interest is found in the em personally are one of the kingpins the luxury of providing workers ployees. I do not know how in determining whether they will to entertain patients, but no much time they spend visiting blow in the Fall of Hope and the Seventh-day Adventist hospital patients, probably not much, Winter of Despair or the Spring is so well patronized that it can for they are not overstaffed and of Hope and the Summer of afford to have its patients feel they are busy. But they personalize Fulfillment. God grant that it be that they are of no personal con their service so that the patients the latter. Jfe feel that they are VIPIs (very cern to the workers. important persons, indeed), Over in Vietnam there is an and they like it. orphanage overflowing with Adapted from a talk given in the spring of 1971 It is the personalized service children made homeless and to employees of St. Helena (Calif.) Hospital that makes one institution stand parentless by the ravages of war. and Health Center.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 31 Does Organic SPRING is coming, and across the country experienced and novice farmers are poring over seed catalogs, planning their gar Gardening Add dens for the season just ahead. Perhaps you're one of them. Maybe you're planting a garden, hoping to avoid to some degree More Nutrients? the spiraling food costs. Perhaps VICTOR H. CAMPBELL you know you need exercise, and gardening gives you double bene fits—a more fit body and a savings All the standard nutrition tables tioned above will supply protein, on your food bill. In addition, you show that wheat, rice, white carbohydrate, minerals, and some may enjoy gardening because it beans, coconut, oats, almonds, vitamins, but not vitamin A. For draws you closer to your Creator and barley do not contain any vita that you must look to other foods. and brings peace to your soul. min A. No soil treatment or lack of The accompanying table gives Al! good reasons, but regardless treatment causes these foods to the content of vitamin A in some of your motives, you certainly vary in their content of this nu common foods. 1 want to garden in the way that will trient, a content listed as zero. reap the best produce possible. As you will notice, pink grape What must you do in this case? But what if you have poor soil? fruit contain forty-four times as Simply choose some other va Or what if your soil is good, but much vitamin A as does white riety of food. The foods men you just want to be sure you get a grapefruit. Can you change a pink crop of superior vegetables and grapefruit to white or a white fruits? Should you use chemical grapefruit to pink by any type of fertilizer? Or organic fertilizer? Or fertilization of the soil? Never. no fertilizer? After all, you want a You must plant a pink-grapefruit garden that produces food loaded tree if you want a pink grapefruit. with vitamins and minerals. How And you must choose pink grape can you ensure this success? fruit to eat if you want the one that Suppose, for instance, that you has more vitamin A content. want to be sure your food has a In the case of sweet potatoes, good supply of that very neces the light-yellow and the deep- sary vitamin A. Can you accom orange potato plants may grow side o> plish this by carefully fertilizing by side in the same soil, but there the soil with good compost or or will be fifteen times as much vita ganic matter, or with chemical fer min A in the deep-orange-colored tilizer? No; not one of these prac sweet potato. tices will ensure a supply of this Plainly, the variety makes much vitamin. more difference than does the soil. Any alteration in these plants Victor H. Campbell is professor emeri made by any type of soil treat tus of agriculture, Andrews University. ment will range in amount from

32 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 10 to 20 per cent. Thus the light- least, included the health program erals will not produce a plant that yellow sweet potato might be made popular today under the name of is lacking in these nutrients. How to show a range of from 480 I.U. to "Natural Foods," "Natural Farm can a plant get the nutrients that 720 I.U. But this alteration due to ing," or "Organic Gardening." Is are not there? soil treatment is still a far cry from the Adventist health program in Whether we grow our own food the 10,000 I.U. of the deep-orange complete or out of date? Is a vital or purchase it at the supermarket, varieties of the plant. component missing from the in we want food that will furnish us But we have discussed here just struction we have been given? If with an abundance of nutrients one nutrient, vitamin A. Does this the claims of the natural or or essential for good health. If "nat variety factor of the nutrient con ganic advocates are correct, then ural" or "organic" food is better tent hold true for other nutrients? we shall have to admit that our than food grown by the usual This question is best answered by health program is in need of re methods, we should make every examples. (See table below.) vision, for it does not include the effort to get it. The important point is that these soil as a factor in the nutrient qual Before we consider adding this very large differences inherent in ity of our food. Nor does it include emphasis to our denominational different foods persist regardless organically grown food as essen health program, however, we must of the kind of soil or the type of tial. note some basic factors. The heart fertilization. You may well ask Some very strong claims are or core of the "natural" food pro how this can be when these plants made about the health-giving gram is that soil is the determining are grown on a soil that is very de properties of food grown organ factor in the nutrient content of ficient in minerals, as some of our ically, and at the same time there foods. And right here is the depleted soils are. The answer is is vigorous condemnation of foods Achilles heel of the "natural" food quite simple. The nutrient content that are grown on depleted or program. The soil is not the most of a plant remains about the same, worn-out soils, and especially of important factor. The kind of but the yield of the plant is drasti those foods that are grown with plant (the genetic makeup) influ cally reduced. A soil that has only the use of the common chemical ences the nutrient content far 10 per cent of the calcium needed or commercial fertilizer. more than any soil factor. The for optimum growth will grow only The word natural has psycho kind of seed that you plant is far 10 per cent of the optimum yield. logical appeal. When it is used in more important than the kind of You will get ten almonds instead connection with our foods, we are fertilizer you use. of a hundred almonds, but those favorably impressed. There is also When an agricultural experiment you do get will have about 234 mg. some logical appeal in the state station in the United States wants of calcium per 100 grams. ments of our "organic" friends. to improve the nutritive quality of This poses some questions. The There is no question but that some some plant, it does so by the use Seventh-day Adventist Church has foods are grown on depleted soils, of the laws of genetics. a definite health program. So far and we naturally wonder whether Purdue University dealt with this program has not, officially at a soil that lacks the necessary min the well-known problem of the protein content of corn. This food normally is deficient in some of the amino acids required by ani mals. By careful crossbreeding and selection, the researchers devel oped a variety of corn that has a much higher content of lysine, one of the amino acids. This is in dependent of the soil in which the crop is grown. 2 They also pro duced the Caro-red tomato, which has a higher carotene content than the average tomato. Corn has been bred with an oil content of as low as 5 per cent and as high as 20 per cent. 3 Another type of corn was bred for its special starch con tent. All of these plants maintain the desired characteristic no matter what soil they are grown on. The soil may cause a slight variation, usually in the neighborhood of plus or minus 10 per cent, but this variation is so small compared to the variation that can be had by the choice of a given plant or plant variety, that the soil variation be-

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 33 comes quite unimportant. When tures of the two sections is a con But in the soil the same process the normal variation found in dif tributory factor in the difference takes place. Organic matter con ferent varieties of plants ranges in the milk yields." As any farm taining sulphur disintegrates with from 20 to 200 times (as indicated boy knows, the product of a given the production of sulphuric acid in the table on page 33), the one- cow depends to a great extent on in the process. This acts upon the tenth variation due to the soil is the kind of feed she gets. mineral apatite in the soil, releas not significant. Strong claims are often made ing the phosphorus in the same At this point some may ask, that the organic method produces way as it is released in the ferti "but what about the intangible better health and freedom from lizer factory. 7 Organic gardeners factors that are present in 'natural' plant diseases and insects. Items apply wood ashes. Upon leaching foods?" Those who stress the "or appearing in the 1962 Haughley ex by the rain, these ashes release ganic" or "natural" way have an periment report, however, do not potassium compounds the same swered these questions for us. seem to bear this out: The chick as are found in the fertilizer bag. 8 In 1938 the Soil Association, an ens in the organic section had a In a fertilizer experiment, the organic group of Suffolk, England, loss of two batches due to asper- Soil and Nutrition Laboratory of purchased a farm and initiated gillosis (page 26 of the report). the United States Department of what they called the Haughley ex There was a complete failure of Agriculture, at the end of a twenty- periment. Two sections of seventy- the kale crop in the organic sec five-year period, tested crops that five acres each were set aside. tion (page 18). Alfalfa was attacked were grown on soils fertilized con One of these sections was farmed by wilt in both sections (page 13). tinuously with chemical fertilizers, "organically." The other was Wheat in the organic section was with manure, and with a combina farmed in the mixed way, which attacked by bunt disease (page 5). tion of the two. Check plots re is the common way in both Eng Kale was badly damaged by the ceived no fertilization. The plants land and the United States. Three flea beetle in the organic section grown were checked for two min types of farm animals were placed (page 12). erals and two vitamins. All varia on each section and were fed only Some years ago Michigan State tions in nutrient content were 10 produce from that section. Care University used the Kellogg farm per cent or less. 9 ful records were kept. In 1964, to carry out an experiment to de Grow your garden "organically" a forty-five-page report 4 sum termine the health of animals that if you wish—plenty of good or marized the situation after twenty- were fed crops grown on de ganic matter, preferably in the seven years of experimentation. pleted soil. No deleterious ef form of compost, will greatly im In some instances the organic sec fects were observed in mice prove the texture and fertility of tion proved better, and in some given milk from cows fed these your soil. And it will increase the yeilds. But keep in mind that when subjected to analysis these large yields will not differ mark Brethren, when you take time to cultivate edly in nutrient content from that your garden, thus gaining the exercise of the same plants grown on de pleted soil. To ensure an adequate needed to keep the system in good working supply of vitamins and minerals in order, you are just as much doing the work of your diet, follow Mrs. White's still- God as in holding meetings. God is our valid advice: eat a variety of foods. Father; He loves us, and He does not require Then you can be assured of get ting the necessary nutrients for any of His servants to abuse their bodies. good health. -fc — Gospel Workers, p. 240. 1 Unites States Department of Agriculture, Composition of Foods, Handbook no. 8 (Wash ington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, instances the mixed was better. crops, and three generations of 1963). The over-all picture showed no ad cattle were raised on food from 2 Howard T. Walden, Native Inheritance: The Story of Corn in America (New York: Harper and vantage for either method, with this soil. 5 Row, Publishers, 1966), p. 182. all the differences relatively small. But what about the use of ferti 3 Plant Science (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1969), p. 333. The one exception was the yield lizer? Every thunderstorm pro 4 The Haughley Experiment: The First Twenty- £^ of milk, which was higher in the duces nitrous oxides that are five Years—1938-1962 (New Bells Farm, Haughley, ,J/J herd fed on the produce of the brought to earth by the rain. The Stowmarket, Suffolk, England: Soil Association, June, 1962). ^5 organic section. I noted, however, lightning flash causes the combi 5 Nutrition of Plants, Animals, Man (Lansing, Q) that the plants in the organic pas- nation of nitrogen and oxygen. Michigan: Michigan State University), p. 9. C ture were different from those in The same process is used in ferti 6 The United States Department of Agriculture Yearbook, 1957, Soil (Washington, D.C.: U.S. the mixed section. I wrote in lizer factories to produce our Government Printing Office), pp. 87, 203; Buck- quiring about this factor and re- nitrogen fertilizer. What is the man and Brady, The Nature and Properties of Soils, 6th Ed. (New York: MacMillan, 1968), p. e ceived the following statement difference? 6 428. ^ from Lady Eva Balfour, one of the The organic people decry the 7 Firman E. Baer, Soils and Fertilizers, 3d Ed. Q sponsors of the project. "It is per- use of phosphorus fertilizers pro (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1950), pp. 65, 184. 5 fectly possible that the qualitative duced with treatment of the phos 8 Ibid., pp. 302, 303. -CZ difference in the temporary pas- phate rock with sulphuric acid. 9 Soil Science, June, 1951.

34 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 are not filled with love for the truth. God's purpose in com mitting to men and women the Medical Missionary Workers mission that He committed to Christ, is to separate His follow ers from worldly policy. to Reveal Christ's Character The people of God, those who claim to love Him and to keep His commandments, are to reflect a ELLEN G. WHITE much clearer, purer light than they now reflect. Even Christ desired men to know that He was not acting independently, but in be half of another, who had sent TRUE medical missionary work plan of redemption by coming to Him. He never for a moment lost is of divine origin, and has a most the fallen world to die for sinners. sight of the greatness of His mis glorious mission to fulfil. In all its And when He came to fulfil His sion. He was always conscious of bearings it is to be in conformity mission, He was, in every sense the fact that He was the Sent of with Christ's work. of the term, a medical missionary. God. And to His Father He de At this stage of the medical mis We can do medical missionary clares concerning His disciples, sionary work nothing will help us work in a Christlike manner only "As thou hast sent me into the more than to understand the mis when we are one with Him. United world, even so have I also sent sion of the greatest Medical Mis with Him, we receive spiritual them into the world." sionary that ever trod the earth; life and power, and learn to be Our work is clearly defined. As nothing will help us more than to "laborers together with God," the Father sent His only begotten realize how sacred is this line of manifesting love for every one for Son into our world, even so Christ service, and how perfectly it corre whom He died, and working ear sends us, His disciples, as His sponds to the lifework of the nestly to bring into the heavenly medical missionary workers. In Great Missionary. The object of garner a harvest of souls. Filled fulfilling this high and holy mis our mission is the same as the ob with His Spirit, men and women sion, we are to do the will of God. ject of Christ's mission. Why did are animated with the same desire No one man's ideas or judgment God send His Son to the fallen to save sinners that animated are to be our criterion as to what world?—To make known to man Christ in His lifework as a mission constitutes genuine medical mis kind His love for them. Christ ary sent of God. sionary work. We can have power came as a Redeemer. Throughout I am instructed to say that God and efficiency only by working as His ministry He kept prominent desires to have the medical mis Christ worked. And we can be His mission to save sinners. sionary work cleansed from the Christlike in word and deed only When Christ was about to as tarnish of earthliness, and ele when His will is perfected in us. cend to heaven, He committed vated to its true position before Then shall His righteousness go to His disciples the mission that the world. Our medical mission before us, and the glory of the His Father had committed to Him; ary workers must rise to heights Lord shall be our rearward. and He taught them how to fulfil that can be reached only by a liv The life of Christ must become this mission. He declared that as ing, working faith. At this time in our life, our light, our exceeding He had represented His Father our history, we are to allow no great reward. Our words and to the world, so they were to rep confusion of sentiment to pre works must bear a living testimony resent Him. Although He would be vail in regard to what should that in our lives we are not lying invisible to the natural eye, yet be expected of medical mission against the truth we claim to be all who believed on Him would be aries sent of God. There should lieve. If Christ is indeed formed able to behold Him by faith. He be a more clear, definite under within, the hope of glory, we shall told His followers to work as He standing of what medical mission manifest that tenderness, that had worked. They were to be a ary work comprehends. Those love, that fervency of spirit, which spectacle to worlds unfallen, to who desire to honor God will not reveals His character. Our hearts angels, and to men, revealing the mingle worldly policy plans with will be humble, our spirits con Father through a revelation of the His plans in attempting to accom trite. Our works will bear witness Son. plish that which this work is or to His indwelling presence. His The Saviour lived on this earth a dained by Him to accomplish. disposition, His kindness, His life that love for God will con Clothed with humanity, Christ compassion, manifested in us, strain every true believer in Christ performed a work that revealed will inspire hope in the hearts of to live. Following His example, in the invisible Father, in order that the most hopeless. Thus in act, in our medical missionary work His disciples might understand as well as in word, we shall reveal we shall reveal to the world that the meaning of the prayer, "Thy to the world the character of the we are His representatives, and kingdom come. Thy will be done Unseen. fe that our credentials are from in earth, as it is in heaven." But above. how many who claim to be His Christ knew that His Father had followers concede to a worldly Reprinted from The Review and Herald, June chosen Him to carry out the great policy! This is because their hearts 16, 1904.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 35 SPOTLIGHT ON HEALTH

BACK TO SCHOOL buttons for identifying collection participants. FOR L1TTERBUGS A single copy of the new brochure is available at no cost; additional copies may be obtained at a The District of Columbia has established an en charge of 50 cents each. Write to API's Paper Stock vironmental health school for remedial training of Conservation Committee, 260 Madison Ave., N.Y.C. people who violate the city's anti-litter regulations. 10016. 2 Bailus Walker, Jr., director of the D.C. Environmental Another booklet, "Questions and Answers on Re Health Administration, said the school is an alterna cycling," is available free from the American Forest tive to legal prosecution and will provide the envi Institute, 1619 Massachusetts Ave., NW., Washington, ronmental health administration an opportunity to D.C. 20036. discuss plans and programs for controlling com munity environmental health hazards. In addition, Mr. Walker has announced that environmental ex positions—held each week in neighborhood schools FROM FOURTH —have been set up to educate the community about TO FIRST problems of environmental health. 2 In 1900, when the U.S. Bureau of Census first pub lished mortality statistics, heart disease was the fourth leading cause of death, and cancer the ICE CRUNCHERS eighth. Now heart disease is first and cancer is sec CRACK TEETH ond, with vascular diseases in third place. (Medical World News 5-12-72.) 3 Eating habits that encourage switching from hot to cold foods throughout a meal are bad for the teeth, causing formation of microscopic cracks in the sur faces. Even worse is the habit of crunching ice. GARBAGE SOLVES (Health Services Report 87:520, 1972.) 7 FUEL SHORTAGE The Union Electric Company of St. Louis has been CAN CATARACTS burning low-sulphur waste since April, 1972, in an ex BE PREVENTED? periment designed to test the use of solid waste as a fuel and to increase its energy-conversion efficiency. Many oldsters who are beginning to develop hazy The company burns waste at a rate of ten to twenty vision from incipient cataracts ask whether there is tons an hour. This represents the use of almost one anything that can be done to prevent cataracts. third of the daily refuse of St. Louis households. Presently no sure method of prevention is known. Funds for testing the system have been provided by Living healthfully and maintaining good nutrition may the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the City help. We do know that people who develop diabetes of St. Louis, and the American Iron and Steel Insti are more prone to develop cataracts, and without tute. 1 doubt the free use of sugar favors the development of diabetes. It has been shown that when there is failure of kidney function, calcium is lost and cataracts may develop. (Lancet, 3-4-72.) "SELL THE SIZZLE We also know that some persons develop cataracts NOT THE STEAK" from the free use of milk when such persons have a Much of the existing nutrition education effort now metabolic defect that prevents them from properly starts with the assumption that basic facts of the sci utilizing milk sugar. 3 ence of nutrition must be included, says Alan Berg in his new book, The Nutrition Factor. Experience, he says, suggests it is doubtful whether changes in BROCHURE ANSWERS food habits can be achieved by teaching nutrition as RECYCLING QUESTIONS such. More effective, it seems, would be identifica tion of the benefits to the potential adopters of a The American Paper Institute has published a type of food or line of action. He suggests resort to brochure entitled "Waste Paper Recycling for Civic the emotional reaction to universally expressed hu and Charitable Croups," which explains step by step man needs, such as survival, avoidance of suffering, how local waste-paper-collection drives can be es avoidance of loss of children and ambition. tablished and promoted. The brochure details the For example, a theme in India was, "If you don't financial and ecological motivations for recycling of feed a child correctly he will be dull." A soy-based I waste paper, the establishment of markets, the or soft drink in Hong Kong was unsuccessful at first as a ganization of campaigns, the necessity of adequate health food, but was successful when the theme of promotion, and the importance of keeping waste advertising was, "Vitasoy will make you grow taller, paper clean and dry. The brochure also offers pro stronger, prettier." (The Nutrition Factor—its role in motional materials such as posters and doorknob national development, Berg, The Brookings Institu hangers for use in campaigns, and "recycling brigade" tion, 1973.)8

36 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 OVERFEEDING Nutrition Research, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They SHORTENS LIFE used guinea pigs because this species, like man, does not synthesize ascorbic acid and must receive it According to the results of animal experiments, ready-made. overfeeding in early life hastens maturity and short Ginter and associates found that deficient pigs ac ens life. Overfeeding after maturity increases the in cumulated more serum and tissue cholesterol than cidence of certain degenerative diseases common in did controls. The investigators conclude from a num later life. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ber of studies that adequate tissue levels of ascorbic 25:853, 1972.) 7 acid are essential for transformation of cholesterol to bile acids that can then be utilized and disposed of. Whether the results with guinea pigs are applicable NUTRITION PROGRAMS to man is yet to be demonstrated. However, Ginter FOR THE OLDSTERS et al. have reported that a daily supplement of 300 mg. ascorbic acid for seven weeks given to subjects Title VII of the Older Americans Act authorizes with a seasonal deficit of ascorbic acid produced a grants to the States for up to 90 per cent of the cost modest decrease in serum-cholesterol levels. ("Nu of establishing and operating programs that provide trition Review," May 1973, pp. 154-156.) 4 low-cost, nutritionally sound meals to individuals 60 years of age and older and to their spouses. States must give preference to projects primarily serving MOTHER-DAUGHTER low-income individuals. Each project must provide CANCER at least one hot meal per day, five days per week; the meal must supply a minimum of one third of the Daughters of mothers who have used the estrogen, daily recommended allowances. (Perspective on stilbestrol, during pregnancy sometimes develop Aging 1:7, 1972.) 7 cancer in the genital tract. In most instances the dis ease is fatal. (Journal of the American Medical Asso ciation, 5-1-72.) FIBER—THE Incidentally, diethylstilbestrol is fed to cattle to CHOLESTEROL FIGHTER fatten them for slaughter. 3 Fiber is a natural agent for holding down the cho lesterol level of the blood. The incidence of diver- 48% OF AMERICANS ticular disease is the best hallmark of the degree of WITH HYPERTENSION chronic fiber deficiency in a community. (American DON'T KNOW IT Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25:465, 1972.) s Fiber is supplied in the diet by legumes, whole-grain cereals At least 11 million of the 23 million Americans and flours, and tubers (potatoes and yams).6 estimated to have hypertension do not know that they have the disease. Studies reveal that the hypertension is associated with increased morbidity and mortality POOR NUTRITION rates in both sexes and at all ages; the severity is PRODUCES proportional to the degree that blood pressure is INFANT PROBLEMS elevated above diastolic levels of 80 mm Hg. Although hypertension is the most common chronic disease Undernutrition during early development has been in the U.S. and can be considered epidemic, no other shown to affect ultimate body weight and to cause chronic illness is as susceptible to long-term effective various abnormalities in metabolism and functional control. It is most prevalent among the black popula capabilities that may persist long after an adequate tion. Factors related to "essential hypertension" in supply of nutrients becomes available. Abnormalities clude genetics, obesity, high salt intake, and stress. may include stunted growth, deficient kidney func The effects of antihypertensive medication are en tion, retarded neuromuscular development, and im hanced by sodium deprivation. (Journal of Urban paired learning capacity. When the period of under Health 2:11-22, 1973.) 9 nourishment extends through both prenatal and postnatal life (until weaning), the effects are of much greater magnitude. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25:812, 1972.) 7

1 From Environment News Digest, May-June, 1973; Environmental Health THE VITAMIN Committee, Single Service Institute, 250 Park Aye., N.Y., N.Y. 10017. THAT HELPS 2 From Environment News Digest, July-August, 1973. 3 From The Health Evangelist, September-October, 1972, p. 3; Hope Pub FIGHT FAT lications, P.O. Box 330, Hope, Idaho 83836. " From Nutrition Notes, September, 1973, p. 3; United Fresh Fruit and Veg Work with guinea pigs with a latent chronic de etable Association, 777 14th St., NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. ficiency of ascorbic acid has provided evidence that 5 From Nutrition Research, vol. 2, No. 4, 1972, San Bernardino County Health Department. low levels of the vitamin hamper conversion of cho 6 Also see "Coronary Heart Disease and Fiber in Food," by Hugh Trowell, lesterol to bile acids, and can therefore result in hy- M.D., Life and Health, October, 1972, pp. 22-25. 7 From Nutrition Research, vol. 2, No. 11, 1972. percholesteremia. The discoverers of this effect are 8 From Nutrition Notes, September, 1973, p. 3. Emil Ginter and associates of the Institute of Human 9 From Nutrition Research, vol. 3, No. 8, 1973.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 37 TH€ SH€PH€RDGS HOWEVER efficient, devoted, cumstances permit, not to recip and eloquent the minister may be, rocate a dinner invitation or he needs the cooperation of a to "keep up with the Joneses" dNDIN consecrated wife, for there but with a desire to share the are some things that it is impos blessings and fellowship of their sible for him to do. The success Christian home with such as need or failure of any man's pastorate friendship—especially with the depends to a great degree on youth and the lonely or discour the demeanor, example, influ aged who would treasure such ence, and consecration of his wife. an experience, whether they He may ably present the princi are Adventists or not. Visitors ples of Christian dress, but if should always feel welcome his wife does not demonstrate in the minister's home. these in her modest, becoming, A true shepherdess will share CHURCH and healthful attire, his instruction her husband's burden for the from the pulpit falls on deaf ears. spiritual welfare of their flock. The pastor may present She will be willing to accompany dynamic and convincing sermons him in visiting the members and MARTHA M. ODOM on healthful living. But if his others who are interested in wife does not apply those prin the truth. ciples in the preparation and Especially should she accom serving of his family's food and pany her husband in calling on a in the dishes she contributes to single woman, a widow, a di church picnics and potluck vorcee, or a married lady whose dinners, he has accomplished husband is not at home at that little. If she succeeds in training particular hour. This protects the her children not to eat between reputation of the woman they meals, and to have regular visit and that of the minister hours for meals, rest, and work, himself. Unless his wife accom other parents in the church see panies him, the minister should that this is possible, not only be careful not to make calls because the minister said so in alone when the unbelieving his sermon but because it works man of the house is not at home. in his home. Otherwise the jealousy of the By being a friendly and gracious husband may be aroused, and hostess, the wife of the pastor the minister be falsely accused can exert a powerful and telling of wrong motives in calling on the influence on visitors and church wife in her husband's absence. members. She may not have had Often it is better for the shep time to prepare fancy dishes herdess herself to give the Bible and rich desserts, but her table studies to a single woman, will be set with wholesome, rather than for her husband to nourishing, and appetizing food. do so alone. And she will be glad to share a Complications in the visitation recipe with any who may ex program have arisen in recent press a desire to have it. She en years because so many ministers' tertains as her time and cir- wives are employed outside the Martha Montgomery Odom is a retired home. Sometimes the pastor, in missionary and General Conference such cases, spends much of secretary. She is the wife of Pastor his time at home, possibly looking R. Leo Odom. after young children or doing

38 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 housekeeping chores (while he One important part of the role church members. She may call is supposedly studying) until of the shepherdess is to be a her husband's attention to the his wife returns from her job. person to whom the sisters in need for such action, then leave Then he tries to do some visiting the church can turn for counsel it to him to handle as he sees in the evenings, but she is often and encouragement. She can fit. She is the pastor's wife, but too tired or busy to accompany pray with those in trouble and she is not the pastor. She can him. This is really a serious prob point them to Jesus, who has counsel and encourage him lem in too many pastors' homes promised to give wisdom and privately, but she should never today. to bear our burdens. assume the roll of being second In cases where a woman The shepherdess must be very in the leadership of the church. wishes to get counsel from her careful never to betray the Members resent this. Some pastor on marital problems, he confidence placed in her. She ministers have been moved from should be on his guard and should be very careful that in her one post to another because have his wife present. Problems conversation with others and the wife was too dominant or that call for discretion may in in her letter writing she does not too meddlesome. volve, in the case of a married reveal matters that have been As we consider the high stand woman, a matter of health, of told her in confidence. Church ard set before us as Christians, home finances, her children, or members and youth who confide we realize that it is impossible for her relations with her husband. In in her should be assured that us to reach God's standard the case of some delicate matters it secrets entrusted to her are in our own strength. Only as would probably be best for the safe, and will not be passed on the shepherdess seeks the minister to ask his wife, if she is to others. Lord constantly for His a woman of experience and good The minister's wife is glad to enabling power to live a life judgment, to give the needed do her part in Ingathering, in wholly consecrated to Him is it counsel. It would be well for her Sabbath school and other possible to fill the place of high to find out what the problem is church work, to help with the honor to which He has called and, if need be, seek her hus music as she is needed, and her. What a blessed privilege it band's counsel concerning it, to fit in wherever it seems best. is to share with Him in the work before giving the advice re She should always be careful to of winning souls, and of en quested. If the minister and his uphold her husband's hands and couraging those already in the wife are young and inexperienced, authority, but never to assume fold! She need not attempt this he would do well to suggest that his role herself. She should not work alone, for He has promised: advice be sought from a ma give instructions to church "Lo, I am with you alway, even ture Christian woman among officers or attempt to correct unto the end of the world." Jfe the church members, even rec ommending such a person by name. In all such cases calling for discretion, none of the parties than one can possibly encompass involved should betray the physically, emotionally, or finan confidence placed in them by ctearkoy: cially (speaking of showers, and revealing the problem to others. so forth). The purpose of socials This is in harmony with the should be "social to save." The Is the minister's wife under obli following counsel: minister's wife should be present gation to attend all social functions "If a woman comes to a at these happy events when she in the church? What about neigh Christian brother with a tale of can, showing a loving concern for borhood parties she may be her woes, her disappointments the bride-to-be; for those cele invited to? and trials, he should ever brating an anniversary; sharing the advise her, if she must confide happy event of a new baby; to her troubles to someone, to Dear Minister's Wife, play with the juniors; or to ski, select sisters for her confidants, First of all, we should realize swim, or picnic with the young and then there will be no appear that the minister's wife is a person adults; but not to be drowned or ance of evil whereby the cause with a personality, disposition, and exhausted by an endless routine of God may suffer reproach." inherited tendencies that make of "teas," and the type of social — Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 306. her an individual. We are not all whirl that merely keeps up with "When a woman is in trouble, cast in the same mold. Some are the Joneses. let her take her trouble to outgoing, gregarious, people- If by attending neighborhood women. If this woman who has loving extroverts. Some are parties she can reflect the joy come to you [the minister] has naturally shy, quiet, retiring intro experienced as a wife, mother, cause of complaint against her verts. The question implies a man and friend, she will be expressing husband, she should take her datory attending of social func by her life the real down-to-earth trouble to some other woman tions. I feel she should attend as way Jesus lived. This is the real who can, if necessary, talk many of these as she can com Christian prescription for living. with you in regard to it, without fortably. God bless you as you are moti any appearance of evil."— In a large Adventist community, vated to help express love to those Evangelism, pp. 460, 461. there are more "things" going on about you.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 39 Dear Shepherdesses, I receive many newsletters or bulletins from the various confer ences, who realize the cohesive- ness of having a line of communi cation among the women workers of the conference. News, sugges tions, personal items, shopping and home-making tips, book re views, and choice bits of verse are included, making the reading very worthwhile. Among the envelopes 1 have received recently was a large fat one from the Northern New Eng land Conference, from the women who call themselves "The King's Daughters" (and aren't we all?). It contained lessons designed to help those who become mem bers of the Seventh-day Adventist Church to adjust to a new way of RELIGIOUS NEWS SERVICE life. There are seven areas to be ERNEST LLOYD sure us of eternal life. We keep alive studied. the remembrance of our Lord's death 1. Spiritual development AS H E came to the time of H is last for us by observing this important 2. Personal development Passover, our Lord knew plainly from service, and one of the blessings re 3. Parent-child relationship the storm that was gathering about ceived through it is the blessing of 4. Nutrition Him in old Judea that He was moving humility. Let us remember the words, rapidly toward the climax of His 5. Money management "This do." earthly career, and He desired to have 6. Home care and planning 2. It has fellowship value. There may a special meeting with His disciples. be differences tomorrow when one 7. Healthful living Luke records, "And he said unto them, man goes to his conspicuous place of Each set of lessons has a section With desire I have desired to eat this leadership and another goes to his for the teacher, with aids; a sec passover with you before I suffer: for I place of menial toil, but in this service tion for the student; and a study say unto you, I will not any more eat such differences have no place. We are guide. thereof, until it be fulfilled in the king all sinners redeemed by grace, and These lessons have been com dom of God" (Luke 22:15,16). we are all one in Christ. True humility piled with great care over many "With desire." "With an eager long banishes all differences and gives us months and with much prayer ing" is also suggested in the root of unity and fellowship together and with the phrase. And just as He earnestly and research. It is a beautiful corri- the Lord. Let us regard this blessed desired to observe the Passover with pilation of material that is now be fellowship as a precious thing. the twelve who had been with Him 3. It has prophetic value. Christ's ing used in that conference on a during His earthly ministry, so He de statement that He will neither eat trial run. The response of the sires to meet with His disciples today. thereof nor drink thereof until the church members has been tre We know very well that the final kingdom is come teaches us to look mendous and the results exciting. world storm is gathering, and God's forward to the grand consummation of The conference president, Carl people are facing great tests. Are we all things. Thus our Lord took occasion Anderson, told me that one elderly earnestly desiring to meet with our to say twice in these verses that victory couple who were having marital Lord in the communion service? To and triumph are ahead for His people. difficulties listened, learned, and participate in it is a high privilege. I Indeed the best He has to offer is still would like to suggest three thoughts applied what was taught. They before us. We belong to a conquering for our consideration in connection learned how to have family wor cause, and if we serve and suffer with with this service that are often not Him here, we shall also reign with Him ship! appreciated to the extent they hereafter. We hope this material will soon should be. We are blessed, then, with the re be ready to be shared, but why 1. It has remembrance value. Jesus membrance of the past, fellowship in wait? We, too, can do great things said, "This do in remembrance of me." the present, and prophetic fulfillment for God and His people if we make It is both divine and human to desire in the future. What a wonderful heri ourselves available to Him. Let to be remembered. Just as we desire tage to us in this service! Let us ob us leave our secure "self-contain to be remembered by relatives and serve it with "great desire" as did our ment." Make friends with the peo friends, so the Lord longs to be re Lord when on earth with His disciples. ple in our church and the person membered by His redeemed people. Let us perpetuate His service faithfully next door. This will bring fresh He appointed this service that we may in the church and perpetuate His char be reminded keenly of His death, His vitality to our souls. acter in our daily living. As He enables resurrection, and His wonderful decla With love, us to live out His life and honor Him ration: "I am alive forevermore." How here, He will make it possible for us Kay much these words mean to us! We to share with Him in the glories of the love to remember them, for they as future. rife

40 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 could best be integrated. It was felt that the colleges also, because of their large seminary news. number of non-ministerial students at tending the classes, would lay the foun dations upon which the Seminary could Revival Series at New York Center Biblical, theological, and social under build further. Included in these basic standing, and to increase his capacities studies are such courses as Daniel and Hans LaRondelle presented a revival and abilities appropriate for his practical the Revelation, the Gift of Prophecy, series at the New York Center No work as a minister. content courses in Old and New Testa vember 2-3, 1973, on the topic "The An applicant for the D. Min. degree ment, a survey of the history of the Unsearchable Riches of Christ." The (not older than 50 years) must hold the church, and SDA Bible doctrines. weekend program resulted in many re M. Div. degree or its equivalent, earned Of great importance to any discussion sponding to the appeal to begin a new with a grade point average of 3.00 or on ministerial training is the question: life with Christ. Soon after this series better. He must demonstrate high pro What is the role of the Adventist min one of the music directors, Howard fessional and personal potential for the ister today? A seminary group had pre Hodge, was brutally murdered in his gospel ministry, and have sufficient pared a brief document on the question, apartment. Yet the mother had the as ministerial experience to have led to his which was helpful in the discussion. But surance that her son had fully surren ordination. it became clear also that so many dif dered his life to Christ. Write for information to W. G. C. Mur ferent viewpoints exist within the church doch, director of the Doctor of Ministry concerning the role and task of the Ad Doctor of Ministry in Third Program, Seventh-day Adventist Theo ventist minister today that a more elab Quarter logical Seminary, Berrien Springs, orate document is required to do justice Michigan 49104. to the Biblical and Spirit of Prophecy The Doctor of Ministry program at the concepts of his role in the light of cur Seventh-day Adventist Theological Teachers Attend Coordination of rent circumstances and challenges. The committee, therefore, appointed a Seminary is now into its third quarter. Bible Teaching This course, especially designed for the group that, in cooperation with the practicing minister, concentrates on key Ever since the General Conference field and church administrators, would aspects of his actual work, such as made the Master of Divinity program re prepare a document on the role of the preaching and worship, pastoral care quired training for the Seventh-day Ad Adventist minister. This document, then, and Christian nurture, leadership for ventist ministry in North America, there would provide a basis for further dis church growth, and an understanding have been overlappings and unneces cussions on the ministerial training and of the church as it relates to contem sary repetitions between courses of the minister's life and work. porary society. Elective courses are also fered at the college departments of re Gottfried Oosterwal a part of the program. ligion and those at the Seminary. To A warm spirit of collegiality among remedy that situation, a coordinating Ninth Summer Institute of the students is proving to be one of the committee was appointed in which all World Mission the SDA colleges in North America and rich by-products of this unique learning The Department of World Mission of the Seminary were represented. The opportunity. the Theological Seminary has been committee met from November 11 to Many teachers from Andrews and commissioned by the General Confer 15 on the campus of Andrews Univer from the world field are participating and ence to conduct an institute for the train sity, under the chairmanship of C. B. enriching this four-quarter program, ing and orientation of new appointees, Hirsch, secretary of the Department of which is being guided by Charles Witt- furloughing missionaries, and overseas Education of the General Conference, schiebe in Pastoral Care; Gottfried workers who are presently in the United with G. J. Millet, from the same depart Oosterwal in Church Growth, The States. This year the ninth such institute ment, as the secretary of the committee. Church and Contemporary Society; will be held from June 17 to July 24. The Seminary was represented by its Louis Venden in Preaching and Wor Every mission appointee, unless ex dean, Siegfried Horn, and Raoul Ded- ship; and Arnold Kurtz in Church Lead cused by the General Conference and eren, Mervyn Maxwell, Gottfried Ooster ership and Administration, Christian his field, is required to attend. Of course, wal, Walter Specht, and Steven Vitrano. Nurture and Religious Education. the costs of attending the institute will The keynote address was given by This degree is a professional degree be borne by the organization. In order Neal C. Wilson, vice-president of the designed mainly for practicing ministers to make it possible for furloughees to General Conference for North America. of the gospel. The study program seeks attend, the General Conference has He offered a five-point framework for to develop the integration of a minister's voted to extend the furlough of those discussions on the training of the min missionaries who will be attending the ister: (1) the urgent need for cooperation institute. and partnership between the col For further information, please write leges and the Seminary in the prepara to the Secretary, General Conference of tion of ministers for the denomination; SDA, Washington, D.C. 20012, or the (2) the need to give students a picture Director, Institute of World Mission, of the whole Bible, instead of a frag Andrews University, Berrien Springs, mented view, based on the teacher's Mich. 49104. own specializations and interests; (3) the need of unity in theological methods, approaches, and understandings; (4) Notice: The Andrews University bi the need to de-emphasize (minimize) ennial offering taken throughout North the difference between the pastor, the American Seventh-day Adventist evangelist, and the student of the Word; churches is set this year for April 13. (5) the need for conviction and commit The offering is used for scholarships for Participants in the Doctor of Ministry de ment in Bible teaching. needy students attending the Theologi gree program at the SDA Theological Sem The committee studied ways in which cal Seminary and the School of Grad inary, fall quarter. the six-year ministerial training program uate Studies.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 41 THE MARCH, 1973, Ministry carried a similar review of books published in 1971. It was so well received at that time that the author has again provided us with brief introductions to the most significant scholarly books in the field of Biblical archeology pro duced since that time. Depending Current on a minister's individual inter ests, each of the books reviewed is a suitable addition to his gen eral library. General Archeological Interest Archeofogicai1 Among the many books pub CO lished in 1972 that are of interest I to students of Biblical archeology,

I one of the most useful and usable 0 IT is Avraham Negev, editor, Archae 1 (0 ological Encyclopedia of the Holy Publications > Land (New York: G. P. Putnam's, 1972, 355 pages, 225 black and white illustrations, $15.95). Among its 600 entries are the majority of geographical names in the Bible. With most of them, sites are identified, excavations concisely described, and the im portance of finds from earliest times to the Arab conquest are analyzed. Though most entries London News, devotes eleven of ment, and Ramsay's discoveries contain the information a non- these chapters to areas of special for the New Testament. There is specialist would require, the interest to Biblical archeologists. also a chapter on the Dead Sea volume's chief lack is the absence His work, well illustrated with scrolls. photographs and maps, reflects of bibliographies. This defect, Specific Archeological Interest however, can be remedied for the situation up to the June, 1967, excavated sites in Jordan and Arab-Israeli war. A number of books appeared in Israel, with the supplementary Narrower in scope, L. Sprague 1972 with specific geographical use of E. K. Vogel, "Bibliography de Camp's Great Cities of the areas. A must on the list of those of Holy Land Sites," Hebrew Un Ancient World (Garden City, planning to visit Iran is Sylvia A. ion College Annual, Vol. XLII, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1972, Matheson, Persia: an Archaeo pp. 1-96 (Cincinnati: Hebrew Un 510 pages, $12.95) portrays, logical Guide (London: Faber ion College, 1971). An indispensa through the ey.es of an engineer- and Faber, 1972, 330 pages, $7.50— § ble tool for the serious student of turned-amateur-archeologist, the paper, $20.00—cloth). In addition Biblical archeology, this com life, culture, and monuments of to a thorough description of pilation lists for each site exca- fourteen ancient cities at the archeological remains, region by vator(s), sponsoring institution(s), height of their prosperity. This is region, with the aid of quality dates, and all pertinent bibli done with the aid of detailed photographs and maps, this ography. maps, plans, and photographs. guide has helpful notes on travel Of a different sort is Edward Ten of the cities, including such ing in Iran, useful addresses, a historical survey, chronological Bacon, Archaeology: Discoveries sites as Nineveh, Tyre, and Baby in the 1960s (New York: Praeger lon, are of particular interest to tables, glossary, and up-to-date bibliography. Publishers, 1971, 293 pages, students of Biblical archeology $12.50), which attempts in eight and prophecy. For the first time anywhere, a een chapters to cover important More clearly apologetic in for comprehensive survey of the archeological discoveries made mat is Edwin Yamauchi's The results of the Israeli excavations around the globe during a decade Stones and the Scriptures (Phila at Hazor (which Joshua 11:10 de of unparalleled scientific discovery delphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., scribes as "the head of all those and achievement. The author, 1972, 207 pages, $5.95). In addi kingdoms") has appeared in Yigael longtime editor of the Illustrated tion to a general discussion of the Yadin's Hazor (London: Oxford bearing of archeology on the University Press, 1972, 211 pages, Bible, this evangelical author illus $9). The book comprises the Lawrence T. Ceraty, Ph.D., is assistant trates his thesis with the rele author's Schweich Lectures before professor, Old Testament Studies, vancy of discoveries at Mari, Nuzi, the British Academy in 1970 and Andrews University. and Alalakh for the Old Testa contains the bonus of a chapter on

42 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 Baker Book House, 1972, 184 Books for Beginners $3.95—paper) is a convenient col lection of materials and sources Among the books that are ele for the study of the Philistines, mentary but nevertheless useful though much of the discussion is for their teaching value are: heavily dependent on secondary Harry M. Orlinsky, Understanding sources. the Bible Through History and John J. Davis, Moses and the Archaeology (New York: Ktav Cods of Egypt (Grand Rapids: Publishing House, 1972, 292 Baker Book House, 1972, 331 pages, $7.95). Designed as a work pages, $3.50—paper), takes a fresh book, each left-hand page con and systematic look at the text of tains a reprinting (with some the book of Exodus in the light of modification and updating) of the recent archeological and histori author's Ancient Israel published cal studies. A good bibliography in 1954, while the opposite right- enables the serious student to hand page contains extensive pursue topics of interest in greater pertinent Biblical quotations (in depth. parallel Hebrew and English col umns) as well as useful illustra LAWRENCE T. GERATY It would not be a normal year without a book on the Dead Sea tions. This aid to Old Testament scrolls; hence: William Sanford understanding closes with several LaSor, The Dead Sea Scrolls and excellent bibliographies. the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Marc Lovelace, Compass Points W. B. Eerdmans, 1972, 281 pages, for Old Testament Study (Nash $3.95—paper). The first half of the ville: Abingdon Press, 1972, 176 book deals with the discovery pages, $4.95) is an introductory and contents of the scrolls them guide for the beginning student selves, but as the title indicates, that stresses the historical, geo the remaining portion considers graphical, and cultural setting of their bearing on the New Testa the Old Testament with several ment. It is a reliable treatment of useful illustrations and sugges tions for further reading. Israelite Megiddo. Though the an often distorted relationship. discussion is detailed, it is pre O. Jessie Lace and D. R. Ap- sented in a personal manner along Old Testament History Thomas in Understanding the with numerous photographs, John Bright, A History of Israel, Old Testament (Cambridge: Uni- plans, and maps. second edition (Philadelphia: sity Press, 1972, 191 pages, $2.95— Another important Biblical city Westminster Press, 1972, 519 paper) likewise set out to provide is dealt with in G. Frederick pages, 16 color maps, $9.95), is a the larger historical and archeo Owen's Jerusalem (Grand Rapids: thorough revision of a text that has logical background and to say Baker Book House, 1972, 180 enjoyed wide influence in most something about the life and pages, $5). Known for his three- seminary classrooms. In no essen thought of the people of the Old dimensional map of Palestine, the tial element has the author altered Testament. It serves as one of the author here presents the traveler his position, but he has made cor introductory volumes in the Cam a helpful introduction to the Holy rections and brought it up to date. bridge Bible Commentary on the City—its history, valleys, hills, It is essentially judicious and re New English Bible. walls, gates, streets, and surround liable but should be compared There are two good books in ing historical sites. Though many with the more "conservative," tended for younger readers: Ron of the photographs are recent, Leon Wood, A Survey of Israel's ald Harker, Digging Up the Bible the same cannot always be said History (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Lands (London: The Bodley Head, of the information in the text. Publishing House, 1970, 444 pages, 1972, 127 pages, $6), describes the In Alistair Duncan's The Noble 16 color maps, $7.50). discoveries at eight sites from Ur Sanctuary—Portrait of a Holy Another volume has appeared in and Nineveh in Mesopotamia to Place in Arab Jerusalem (London: an important series mentioned in Jericho and Jerusalem in Palestine. Longman Group, 1972, 80 pages, last year's review: Abraham It is attractively produced with $6), we have forty magnificent full- Schalit, editor, The World History color photographs, drawings, page, full-color photographs of of the Jewish People, First Series, plans, and maps of the archeolog the Temple area. Yet it is more Volume VI: The Hellenistic Age ical sites. than a picture book; the accom (New Brunswick: Rutgers Uni Azrie! Eisenberg and Dov P. El- panying text follows the various versity Press, 1972, 360 pages, kins, Treasures from the Dust phases of construction and illustrated, about $20). Valuable (New York: Abelard-Schuman, restoration at the site. contributions by Avi-Yonah, 1972, $6.95), contains fifteen Several other books deal with Klausner, and Tcherikover deal vignettes of the discovery and sig the relation of archeology to specifically with the fourth to the nificance of important sites and specific Biblical subjects. Edward first centuries B.C. and will be of artifacts. The style is a combina E. Hindson, The Philistines and particular interest to students of tion of factual reporting and re the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: the Intertestamental Period. constructed conversation. ^

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 43 member Lenski's statement:

Of course, it is true that an excellent sermon may be preached without an UNITY IN THE excellent inner structure. The preacher may have a fine personality, an excellent voice, natural force, trained eloquence, and a striking way of putting things. Such features may make his sermon excellent. But none of these, not even all of these, SERMON features excuse the structural fault. Ex cellence in one or more points never makes up for inferiority in other points. In fact, a flaw in a great diamond is more Preaching-8/Steven RWrano deplorable than the same flaw in a cheaper stone. (Page 7:7.) And, it might be asked, what if COHERENCE in the sermon is Unity has always been stressed you don't have a "fine personality, determined, to a large degree, by in the classical works on homi- an excellent voice, natural force, whether or not the parts of the letics. and trained eloquence"? You can sermon are properly arranged. In M. Rue, in his book Homiletics still go a long way in proclaiming his book The Sermon (Grand (Grand Rapids: Baker Book the Word of God effectively if what Rapids: Baker Book House), p. 78, House), devotes a section to "The you say makes sense—if it all comes together into a meaningful R. C. H. Lenski says: Structure of the Sermon" and "the whole! Unity is to coherence what The essentials of a properly arranged consideration in this section is discourse, which includes the sermon in its the element of unity" (emphasis simplicity is to clarity. front rank, are three, (1) Unity; (2) Organi his). He then goes on to state: But all this has to do with the zation; (3) Progress. "topical" sermon. What about the A work of art may express a variety of Organization results when the ideas, but it cannot remain a work of art "textual" sermon? It has every material for the sermon is gath unless this variety is held together by the thing to do with the textual ser ered into various "parts." Here it unity of a single idea. The sermon, too, mon. In these basic considera may and should present a variety of will help to borrow an illustration tions, what applies to one applies thoughts; yet it dare not be a barrage of from Lenski but change its applica heterogeneous and arbitrarily assembled also to the other. Remember, a tion just a bit. Organization may elements but must form an organic unity.— topical sermon deals with a Bible be pictured as a series of triangles, Page 390. topic, a textual sermon deals with each one representing a part of In the words of Halford Luc- a Bible text. Herein lies a basic the theme. cock, how many times has a ser difference and herein lies a basic mon "collapsed gelatinously all similarity also. over the church auditorium"? So Traditionally, a distinction has many good things were said, but been made between a "textual" to what end? and an "expository" sermon. A To check a sermon for unity ask textual sermon is one that deals Progression results when each the following questions: Are the with a short passage from Scrip part is arranged in an order or main divisions subordinate to the ture, a verse or two, while an ex sequence from first to last. In theme? Are they a part of the pository sermon deals with a other words, the triangles are theme—do they, amplify it? Are the longer passage—several para numbered in sequence. main subdivisions subordinate to graphs, a chapter, or at times a their main division? Are they a part book of the Bible. I fail to see the of that division—do they amplify point in that distinction. Preach it? Some have pictured a sermon ing from a text is expository as a stream with tributaries run preaching, but so is preaching ning into it. The main stream is from a topic provided it is Biblical. My terminology, then, is "topical" If one moves from 1 to 2 to 3 to the theme and all the tributaries and "textual" rather than "topi- " 4, progress is made. As applied to are the parts. the sermon, we say the sermon has good progression—it moves O MAIN DIVISION © MAIN DIVISION © MAIN DIVISION in an orderly way from beginning to end. PROGRESS THEM E PROGRESS I Unity results when each part SUB. 0 MAIN DIVISION O MAIN DIVISION is clustered around the theme. The DIV triangles are so arranged as to point to a given center. When the sermon "looks" like cal" and "expository." But what 1 that, it has organization, it has ever the terminology, we need progress, and it has unity. more preaching that expounds If you are tempted to minimize the text of Scripture, and the next the importance of structure and article will help to show how arrangement in the sermon, re- that may be achieved. $fc

44 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 picture of Mark and his Gospel as it emerges from recent scholarly re recommended reading search. It is a companion volume to I. Howard Marshall's Luke: Historian John Foxe and the Elizabethan "A minister should 'comfort troubled and Theologian, published by Zonder Church, V. Norskov Olsen. Berkeley consciences, with the rich grace of the van in 1971. and Los Angeles, California, Uni gospel,' 'instruct the ignorant,' 'comfort versity of California Press, 1973. such as be afflicted,' share 'with tears Most ministers have had some con and compassion on other men's griefs,' Bibliography for Personal tact with John Foxe's Acts and Monu and manifest 'humility toward the poor Evangelism and miserable.' He should 'pastor his ments, better known as Book of Mar Suggested for the pastor's library own flock and gather the lambs in his tyrs. Usually this book is referred to as a arms.'" by C. E. Banks, professor of evangel source of information regarding Chris ism, Andrews University. Norval F. Pease tian martyrs with very little concern Augsburger, Myron S., Invitation to about the author. Professor Olsen's Professor of Applied Theology Loma Linda University Discipleship, Scottdale, Pa.: Herald work is a careful study of all John Press, 1964. A chapter especially Foxe's works in an attempt to evaluate good on intercessory prayer. Foxe as a theologian and to obtain New Books on Marriage Coleman, Robert E., The Master Plan insight into his personality and the aims John D. Rhodes, Ministerial Associa for Evangelism, Westwood, N.J.: of his life. tion secretary, Southeastern California F. H. Revell, 1964. Helpfufto a pas "Foxe's life and work had many fac Conference, shares this: tor in training and organizing laymen ets: he was Foxe, the Historiographer, I would recommend that each pastor for soul winning. the Martyrologist, the Humanist, the buy J. Alien Peterson's The Marriage Ford, Leighton, The Christian Per Erasmian, the Puritan, the Anglican, the Affair, Tyndale, $2.95 paperback. This suader, New York, Harper & Row, Elizabethan Eusebius, the Gospeller, book, written by family conference the Ecclesiologist, the Erastian, the pre speaker J. A. Peterson, is an anthology Publishers, 1966. Very good. cursor of Elizabethan nationalism, the of the best (even including our own Gehris, Paul D., Using the Bible in Lutheran, and so on. . . . His greatness Ellen G. White) on the Christian family. Groups, Valley Forge: Judson Press, is that many were his mentors but he It is an excellent book to give to newly 1973. Some good ideas on how the was the disciple of none."—Page 19. married couples. It is also a good Bible can be used in a meaningful The church historian will profit by source book on counseling and is a way in small groups. this book because of its valuable in useful source of many good ideas. Kennedy, D. James, Evangelism Ex sights into the Elizabethan period of A similar anthology, aimed at hus plosion, Wheaton, III.: Tyndale English church history. The average bands, by this same author, is entitled House Publishers, 1970. The mother minister will appreciate this book as a For Men Only. It too is a paperback, book and concept of personal wit theological biography of a prominent Tyndale, at $1.95. It is an anthology of nessing out of which several of the and influential Christian. materials for talks to, and advice for, present SDA witnessing programs Among the topics of interest to today's the man of the house. have come. Every pastor should own minister are (1) Foxe's principles of and read this book. prophetic interpretation. He was deeply Commentaries on the Gospels Larson, Bruce, Dare to Live Now, interested in the prophecies of Daniel Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing and Revelation and sought to explain Walter F. Specht, chairman, Depart House, 1965; Groups that Work, them in the context of his time; (2) ment of New Testament, Andrews Zondervan, 1967; No Longer Foxe's concept of the marks of the true University, plans to submit occasional Strangers, Waco: Word Books Pub church. Among these marks were jus lists of books in the field of New Testa lishers, 1971; Setting Men Free, tification by faith, adherence to the ment study. The following is the first in Zondervan, 1967. All of Bruce Lar- Scripture, and the validity of the two this series: son's books are stimulating and Protestant sacraments; (3) Foxe's atti One of the major significant com filled with up-to-date ideas and plans tude toward the Christian ministry. He mentaries that came out in 1971 was whereby to reach modern man with advocated both strong preaching and Leon Morris' Commentary on the Gos true Christianity. loving pastoral care; and (4) Foxe's pel of John. This belongs to the series strong sentiment in favor of toleration. known as "The New International Leslie, Robert C., Sharing Groups in the Church, Nashville: Abingdon He was conciliatory toward Catholics, Commentary on the New Testament." Anabaptists, and all others who might It is published by William B. Eerd- Press, 1971. A must for any pastor who wishes to introduce a small run afoul of the repressive practices of mans Publishing Company, Grand group program in his church. his day. His moderate, understanding Rapids, Michigan, and is priced at attitude stood in contrast to both Cath $12.50. However, it has 891 pages be Miller, Keith, The Becomers, Waco, olic and Protestant tendencies toward sides the indexes in the back. A knowl Texas: Word Books Publishers, bigotry and cruelty. edge of Greek is helpful in reading it, 1973; The Taste of New Wine, Professor Olsen has won well-de but not essential. This series of com Word Books Publishers, 1969. Ex served scholarly recognition for his mentaries is the work of evangelicals. cellent help in learning how to reach careful and thorough study of John The commentary on Mark in the the modern person, young or adult. Foxe. But better acquaintance with a same series, by William Lane, is just Reid, Clyde, Groups Alive—Church great and good man enriches us all. off the press. Speaking of Mark, there Alive, New York: Harper & Row, This book is not a storybook—it cannot is a fine study available that is not a Publishers, 1969. A down-to-earth be read hurriedly. It is a mine of infor commentary. It is Ralph Martin's Mark: book on how to do small group work mation and enlightenment to the Evangelist and Theologian (Grand in a local church. thoughtful reader. Rapids: Zondervan Pub. House, 1972). Schaeffer, Francis, The God Who Is Surely a pastor can be enriched by It sells for $3.95 in paperback. Martin There, Chicago: Inter-Varsity Press, knowing more about a man who wrote is a professor of New Testament at 1968. A must for a pastor who de as follows regarding the duties of a pas Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasa sires to witness to the modern intel tor: dena, California. He has presented a lectual youth and godless thinker.

MARCH, 1974/THE MINISTRY 45 Paperbacks on the minister's work, published by Baker Book House (see The Ministry, February, p. 46). shop talk

Go Ye and Teach, Ralph Cottrell, Charismatic The 150-page Index is printed twice 1971, paperback, 133 pages, $1.95. Kit each year, and a cumulative index is published every two years. The list of Although written with the Christian Every worker will be interested in publications indexed includes the of teacher particularly in mind, every pas securing the Charismatic Kit, a packet of ficial organs of all world divisions, the tor will find in its pages great inspira materials relating to the ever-expanding union conferences in North America, tion and encouragement for his work, charismatic movement. The packet and some institutional and depart which of course includes teaching. includes the following: mental publications. Scripture is used throughout to portray 1. Reprints of eight articles, "Seventh- The two-volume Index is available to concepts that have to do with motiva day Adventists and Ecstatic Experi individuals at $9.50 per year, and to tion, consecration, preparation, and ences," by Arthur L. White, appearing institutions (churches, academy li presentation. The pastor after having in The Review and Herald, March 15- braries, conference offices, and hos absorbed and profited from its con April 26, 1973; also, reprints of "The pitals) for $25 per year. For informa tents will want to recommend it to the Ralph Mackin Story," appearing in three tion write Loma Linda University teachers of the Sabbath school. Better parts in The Review and Herald, Library, Riverside, California 92505. still, he may wish to use it as a basis for August 10-August 24, 1972. a series of special teacher-training 2. A 48-page report of the special classes. The book is designed, how Picture committee set up by the General Con ever, more for inspiration than tech of ference to give study to the charismatic nique. Second Coming movement. See "Glossolalia and the An excellent gift for those attending How Jesus Won Men, L. R. Scar Charismatic Movement," by N. R. Dower, The Review and Herald, May evangelistic meetings is Joe Manis- borough, reprinted 1972, 290 calco's painting, / Am Coming Soon, pages, $2.95. 10, 1973. Included in this report are papers on the history of tongues, pre depicting the stirring scenes associated Here the author puts the passion for sented to the committee by V. Norskov with the second coming of Christ as out souls right at the heart of the ministry Olsen and Jan Paulsen, and a case lined in the book of Revelation and The of Christ, and in such a way as to not study of the charismatic movement as Great Controversy. The 101/2 by 25 1 /2-inch print is from the large only inspire but instruct His disciples it relates to the Seventh-day Adventist today. Scarborough was president and Church and helpful suggestions on how original mural. A set of 40 2-by-2-inch professor of evangelism at Southwest to deal with it as presented to the com slides from this picture is available ern Theology Seminary. This is a re mittee by Morris Venden and Roland for $10, including script. print that will be appreciated highly. Hegstad. The pictures themselves are only The author Is well known for his writing 3. As the Spirit Speaks, by Roland 10 cents each in quantities of 100 or in the field of soul winning and offers Hegstad—a booklet prepared for the more. Order from the General Con ference Ministerial Association. his best in these pages drawn from Pastor's Bible Class materials. the ministry of the great Soul Winner 4. Glossolalia—Sweet Sounds of A plan followed by some is to show Himself. Ecstasy, booklets 1 & 2, by Rene Noor- the slides as a part of a sermon on the bergen. Second Coming. Those present are then asked whether they would like to Jesus as a Soulwinner and Other All of the above materials may be have the picture from which the slides Evangelistic Messages, A. T. secured in a packet for only $1.60. were made. It is then announced that Robertson, 1972, 158 pages, $1.95. Orders must be placed directly with the General Conference Ministerial Associ all attending the following night will be This is the last among the scores of ation, 6840 Eastern Avenue NW., Wash given a complimentary copy. Those books written by this former professor ington, D.C. 20012. Due to treasury not there to claim their free picture may of Southern Baptist Theological Sem regulations, only conference and Book thereafter purchase it for 50 cents, or inary. It is filled with religious insight, and Bible House purchase orders can whatever cost may be set. Those using evangelical passion, and scholarly be accepted—no personal orders, the slides and offering the gift pictures grasp. Every person desiring to be used please. Postage prepaid in North Amer have found a very good response. of God for soul winning will welcome it. ica, postage extra for overseas ship Pastors will find much in it to share ments. with their congregations as they seek to inspire them to greater zeal for souls. SDA CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Periodical 201 Sermon Outlines, George Brooks, Advertisements appropriate to The Ministry, Index appearing under this heading, $4.50 for first reprinted 1971 from original of 40 words or less, 5 cents each additional word, 1863, 110 pages, $1.50. The Seventh-day Adventist Period including initials and address, per insertion. ical Index keeps track of the 8,300 Cash required with order. Address The Min istry, 6840 Eastern Avenue NW., Washington, These sermon outlines are "Plans of articles appearing in approximately 60 D.C. 20012, U.S.A. Sermons," without illustrations. In each magazines and journals published by instance a text is given, followed by Seventh-day Adventists—indexing SOUL-WINNING AIDS: Fifty-nine main divisions of the sermon. They are them by author and subject and pre sermons in 35mm original, beautiful meaty, analytical, and instructive, di senting the compilation in two paper- color slides. Also "The Bible Says"— recting the user to the heart of the text, bound volumes each year. 24 studies. Every church should have and may serve as models for prospec When you've found an article of in a set for the members to use for Bible tive preachers. Local church elders who terest listed in the Index and want a studies. 14 cents and up per slide. are called upon to preach will find them copy, the publishers will mail you a re Brochures free. Global Films, Box very helpful. produced copy at a minimal charge. 8003, Riverside, California 92505.

46 THE MINISTRY/MARCH, 1974 RELEVANT RELIGION by Kenneth H. Wood clo.—$4.95

Reprint of editorials written by the editor of the Review and Herald.

OUR HIGH PRIEST by Edward Heppenstall clo.—$4.95 The ministry of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary as our high priest.

EVANGELISM HANDBOOK by Raymond H. Woolsey $3.95 A gold mine of in formation for evangel ists, ministers, and ministerial students.

MOVEMENT OF DESTINY by LeRoy E. Froom clo.—$9.95 pa.—$5.95 The purpose of the author is to point out how the obstacles that have delayed the coming of our Saviour may be removed, and to show the triumph of the third angel's message.

CREATION—ACCIDENT OR DESIGN? by Harold Coffin clo.—$7.95 pa.—$4.95

The author compares the natural world with the revealed Word, points out serious flaws in the evolu tionary theory, and suggests a solution to some of the problems.

THE GOD-MAN— HIS NATURE AND WORK by R. A. Anderson pa.—$2.95 A study in depth of the nature, life, and work of Christ as man's Saviour.

Please order from your Adventist Book Center or ABC Mailing Service, 2621 Farnam Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131. For postage please add 30 cents for the first book ordered and 15 cents for each addi tional book. Include State sales tax where required. news briefs

1976: Eucharistic Congress, Protestant denominations. As for the second, they note: "When Possible Visit From Pope Envisioned for the celebration is a I shop on Sunday, it is for the good of two-week program—the first week an my family (friends)." "I sometimes buy PHILADELPHIA—The 1976 Inter international theological conference treats for the family on a Sunday after national Eucharistic Congress of the on the Holy Spirit, followed by na noon, for I feel that this helps build Roman Catholic Church, slated to be tional charismatic conferences cli unity and closeness." "I sometimes go held here in conjunction with the na maxing in a large gathering on Pente out with my husband (wife, boy friend, tion's 200th anniversary, will be the cost Sunday. Leaders at the planning girl friend) for dinner or a snack on biggest single event in the bicenten meeting here expressed hope of Sundays, for it is a way to show love nial year, drawing several hundreds gathering together some 100,000 and appreciation for him (her)." of thousands of people. In addition, people for the climax rally at the Los Two findings here are of interest. it even could bring Pope Paul to Angeles Coliseum as a show of "our Most shoppers use the same pattern Philadelphia. He has attended two of unity in Jesus Christ." for justifying their deviant behavior. the last three eucharistic congresses. Second, it enables them to retain their The proposal to hold the congress religious principles and their sense of in Philadelphia is linked to a "nation Mormon Study Covers Rationali obedience, while in reality doing what wide spiritual renewal with the zations of Members Who Break they wish. The study is reported more Church in America," a spokesman a Church Rule fully in the Review of Religious Re for the Philadelphia archdiocese search, Fall, 1973 (P.O. Box 228, pointed out. It will be preceded by a SALT LAKE CITY—How do active Cathedral Station, New York 10025). year of special renewal programs and committed church members han throughout the country, which will be dle their own violations of their held in connection with the 1975 church's rules and teachings? A recent Credit Card Giving Launched Holy Year decreed by Pope Paul. It study of Mormon behavior sheds by Church is expected that more than a million light on the way people manage the persons would attend the congress. BUFFALO, N.Y.—A Roman Catholic contradictions of actual behavior and church here has started accepting behavior approved by the church. credit cards in lieu of cash donations. There are common patterns of justifi The Church of the Coronation of the Jehovah's Witnesses Told to cation, report sociologists Franklyn Stop Smoking or Get Out Blessed Virgin Mary launched the plan Dunford and Phillip Kunz of Brigham as a means of increasing its income. NEW YORK—The 11-member gov Young University, which "reduce the Paul Totaro, a member of the fi erning body of Jehovah's Witnesses dissonance" and salve the con nance committee, said credit cards aid has announced that people who science. parishioners in budgeting fixed smoke will no longer be accepted as The research, as reported to the re amounts for church contributions. "A members of the group's congregations. ligious Research Association, focused church can't survive on 50-cent dona Smokers who are already members on the issue of shopping on Sunday, a tions and that's often all that's left in are being given six months to give up practice that the Mormon Church people's pockets on a Sunday after a the practice or be "removed from the teaches is wrong. The sample stud week of paying bills," he said. With congregation." A spokesman at the ied included active church members, credit cards, many church members Jehovah's Witnesses headquarters in who understand the church's position, have begun making gifts of $15 to $30, Brooklyn said that Witnesses have agree that it is important, and believe Mr. Totaro said.. long warned against smoking, and that themselves that shopping on Sunday only a tiny percentage of members will is a violation of divine law. Nonethe be affected by the new ruling. less, the great majority of the respond Unless otherwise credited, these news items ents (78 per cent of the category la are taken from Religious News Service. beled "committed Mormon Sunday shoppers") deviated from the teach "Spirit of '76" Celebration Set ings of their church. by Pentecostalists, Charismatics CHANGE OF ADDRESS Most of these church people, the

ANAHEIM, Calif.—Leaders of the study found, justify their behavior in Jl|| 11 * Pentecostal-charismatic movement one of two ways: by "denying their re it involves "getting the ox out of the u 1976. O 5| £ .2 . e S o Dr. J. Rodman Williams, president pit," as in Luke 14:1-5, in which one IU "° T3 3 " K of the Melodyland School of Theology must work to free the ox, lest he floun 13 ° § t § o < S-'-o" S'i here and chairman of the planning der and perish. Sample statements: 5'c J c ^ "5 y committee, said 1976 was chosen "Shopping on Sunday is wrong unless ^_ 3 X sl to coincide with the American bicen there are circumstances that should O £ I°I'I ^ Iv tennial and the seventieth anniver take precedence over this command 1 ^ ^ J J 0 J1 °0 sary of the birth of the Pentecostal ment, such as 'getting the ox out of the «/ movement at the Azusa Street Mis pit' or such" (i.e. medicines or family ^ . 01 o ^ c V u w^ '> ^ It sion in Los Angeles. The 30-member emotional needs). "I feel shopping on D C C « ftl ^ ** S o "I jj planning committee includes rep Sundays is wrong, but I do not feel Q. "U U x « -2 o O ± >v, J J resentatives of classical Pentecostal guilty, because I shop on Sunday only s 4l U 0£^1 groups, Roman Catholic Charismatics, in an emergency." "It is the only day I ~ « £ tl « ^ : x