^

MORRIS VENDEN/8

WISLt .©*©,©

E. RANDALLBINNS/11

•SAMUEEE BACCHIOCCHI/15 ^e—LEONIE COFFIN/18

Letters/2 ® Editorials/22 e Health and Religion/24 « Computer Corner/28 © Shop Talk/31 ® Biblio File/32 Letters

Likes new format for people, down through the ages, to Regarding the issue of moving away from I like your new format, beginning with understand that something could be friends, I'd like to add that constant the January, 1986, issue.—Rabbi J. S. made out of that which is invisible, but moving also makes it more difficult to Schapiro, Long Island, New York. that day is now long gone. We have remain close to the extended family. Our learned that energy is invisible. God family became almost an island unto Received your "new" MINISTRY yester made all things out of energy eternally itself, separated from other branches by day. The new table-of-contents front existent in Him. Something cannot thousands of miles. I very much missed page is catchy and handy, and I do like come out of nothing.—Henry C. John- growing up with cousins (as my peers the layout. sen, Indianapolis, Indiana. did) and getting to know aunts, uncles, There are some things I miss now: like But from what did He make the energy? Ex and grandparents. However, on the the "sermon-in-a-picture" front covers nihilo creation is generally understood to other hand, such moving habits also that spoke powerfully, whether or not mean that God was not dependent on fostered a closer relationship within the the magazine was ever opened; like the anything outside of Himself. Eds. nuclear family than I regularly see in cleric typestyle capitals that started each other families. article; and especially the fine-quality These articles were extremely inter I agree with many of the other paper, printing, and high-resolution esting, and while I do not understand the sentiments expressed and would say that photos. mystery of a universe made visible the bottom line is that it was exciting As always, the article content is because it is under observation, yet I was and a privilege to grow up that way.— superb. As with God's Word, no matter fascinated by the idea, and the whole Loga Michelle Odom, Newark, New what the wrappings, I expect to find mystery of Creation. Please print more of Jersey. edification, and do.—H. Haskell Wil such articles. liams, Lakeland, Florida. And while I am writing, I want to Fair, fat, and 40 thank you for sending MINISTRY to me. I I enjoyed your comments, although it deeply appreciate it.—Reverend Science and creation seems to me that 40 is a bit early to be Thomas F. King, Wichita, Kansas. May I first of all express my apprecia referring to the aging process! tion for MINISTRY, which has come to me You may be interested in the enclosed for a long time. Sent meditation item I wrote on reaching the age of 90. I Way back in my history, as far back as I was so impressed by William Love may be thinking about aging in another I can remember, I have been told that less' article on Christian meditation ten years—though, who knows, the next God made everything out of nothing, (January issue) that I sent copies to our phase may begin most anytime. I haven't and for a great number of years I have six grown children. the slightest fear of death, though I don't been almost irritated enough to respond Also, before I finished the magazine, I look forward to the pain of dying.—Roy S. Smyres, Ithaca, New York. to this ipse dixit, but until today I have found one bit of often-repeated chau refrained from doing so. What finally vinism, about Sarah laughing at God's brought me to act is this statement from promise, in your editorial "Martha and More on abortion an otherwise splendid article, "How the Beast," which was otherwise excel I have just read Kevin Paulson's letter Science Discovered Creation" (January, lent. The fact is, Abraham also laughed in the January, 1986, issue of MINISTRY. 1986), to wit, "Conservative Bible at the promise (Gen. 17:17).—Helen To argue for abortion because the Bible students have, of course, believed in Wessel, La Mesa, California. doesn't specifically condemn it (his idea) such an ex nihilo creation all along ..." But not after he had spent an afternoon would be like arguing against the moral (italics mine). God did not bring about conversing with the Lord, which was the law, or the Trinity, or against the use of all things out of nihilo. He informs us that point of the illustration. Eds. the word sacrament, or against using the "the worlds were framed by the word of word omniscient or omnipresent to God, so that things which are seen were Children reply describe God simply because we don't not made of things which do appear." As a "PK," I enjoyed reading Betty find those specific words in the Bible. In John 1:14 it is written that "the Gibb's article "Children of the Parson The fact is that in several places the Word was made flesh"—the Word is also age" (January, 1986). Scriptures refer to unborn persons as invisible. The article touched on many of the though they were something of consider- To be sure, it must have been difficult issues associated with this lifestyle. (Continued on page 30)

If you're receiving MINISTRY bimonthly without having paid for a subscription, it's not a mistake. Since 1928, MINISTRY has been published for Seventh-day Adventist ministers, but we believe the time has come for clergy everywhere to experience a resurgence of faith in the authority of Scripture and in the great truths that reveal the gospel of our salvation by grace, through faith alone in Jesus Christ. We want to share with you our aspirations and faith in a way that we trust will provide inspiration and help to you too. We hope you will accept this journal as our outstretched hand to you. Look over our shoulders, take what you want and find helpful, and discard what you cannot use. Bimonthly gift subscriptions are available to all licensed and/or ordained clergy; requests should be on church letterhead.

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 EDITOR. First Glance J. Robert Spangler EXECUTIVE EDITOR. J. David Newman

ASSISTANT EDITORS: David C. Jarnes Kenneth R. Wade

EDITORIAL ASSOCIATE AND When the Philippian jailer asked Paul and Silas, "What must I do FIELD REPRESENTATIVE: to be saved?" he raised the most important question in the world, Rex D. Edwards next to which all others pale into insignificance. Our first three CONTRIBUTING EDITORS. articles are all related to the great theme of righteousness by faith. Robert H. Brown P. Gerard Damsteegt Carlyle B. Haynes relates his experience of preaching the gospel for Raoul Dederen fifteen years as an unconverted man. He tells what changed him and Lawrence T. Geraty Roland R. Hegstad then describes the meaning of righteousness by faith. Morris Marie Spangler Venden's takeoff on Martin Luther presents 95 new theses on Leo R. Van Dolson righteousness by faith. We solicit your comments on this, the most CONSULTING EDITORS: important subject in Scripture. E. Randall Binns treats us to an C. E. Bradford Stoy Proctor overview of the Mosaic sanctuary, whose raison d'etre was to show Richard Lesher the way of salvation. Kenneth J. Mittlieder N. C. Wilson

"The Call to Motherhood" will be just in time to give you ideas for SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS: your Mother's Day sermon. And while you're on the subject of Floyd Bresee mothers, you will want to read a mother's story of how she and her Carlos Aeschlimann family live on one modest salary. See "Living on One Wage." EDITORIAL SECRETARIES Ella Rydzewski Our health article presents evidence that might displease some Mary Louise McDowell and twinge the conscience of others. Dr. Bosley presents the latest ART DIRECTOR: research that shows the harmful effect of even moderate amounts of Byron Steele alcohol. DESIGN AND LAYOUT: Mark O'Connor The editorials share common themes. One deals with whether G. W. Busch there is a place in the church for a loyal opposition, while the other MARKETING: examines Christians' propensity for spending more time fighting Tom Kapusta each other than their common enemy. ADVERTISING SALES: Jeff Blumenberg

We really enjoy hearing from our readers; we read every letter and SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: try to respond to all of them. Those that disagree with us are often Larry Burtnett

helpful, sometimes causing us to re-think, re-shape, and re-form. So INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS: please keep the letters flowing. Africa-Indian Ocean, John W. Fowler Eastern Africa, Harry A. Cartwright Euro-Africa, Johannes Mager Far East, James H. Zachary Inter-America, Salim Japas North America, William C. Scales, Jr. VVwW-dA©v Trans-Europe, Mark Finley South America, Amasias Justiniano South Pacific, A.D.C. Currie Southern Asia, Saudagar Chand

MINISTRY, the international journal of the Seventh-day Adventist Ministe rial Association © 1986, is published bimonthly by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and printed by the Review and Herald Publishing Association, 55 West Oak Ridge Drive, Hagerstown, MD 21740, U.S.A. Subscriptions: US$19.95 a year in U.S., US$22.95 a year elsewhere. Single copy: US$2.00. Member Asso ciated Church Press. Send address changes to MINISTRY, 55 West Oak Ridge Drive, Hagers town, Maryland 21740. Editorial Office: 6840 Eastern Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 20012. Stamped, self-addressed envelope should accompany unsolicited manu scripts. VOLUME 59 NUMBER 5 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 3 Carlyle B. Haynes Righteousness in Christ •my experience

"Preacher as I was,

here are times when and had been for how to answer questions, and how to the relating of per remove from the minds of others any sonal experience fifteen years, I was thing that would hinder them from may be helpful, and lost—completely lost," accepting this message as the truth. part of the time During those years of ministry, at least allotted to this wrote this successful during the earlier part, my standing with morning's service I God never concerned me very much. desire to use in giving just a bit of evangelist sixty years There were times when I would think of personal experience. it, but not in any seriousness or for any I have been a believer in our church's ago. length of time. I believed, when I message for about a quarter of a century. I thought of it at all, that everything must started out to preach it nearly twenty- be all right between God and me because one years ago, and I have been preaching I was engaged in His service—I was it without a break ever since. My work doing His work, I was preaching His has been the public presentation of the message and bringing people to believe it teachings of the message in various cities and accept it. Those were years of great of the East and the South. I accepted the activity, and the activity itself crowded message with a very earnest, fervent out of my mind any conscious sense of my sincerity. I believed in it, as I do now, own personal need. I found that I had a with all my heart, and I gave to it all the degree of convincing speech and an energies of my life. I studied for a number earnestness of presentation that per of years what seemed to me to be the best suaded men to believe what they were method of presentation with convincing told. It seemed to me that God accepted speech. In my ministry I was able, by the me and that my hope of eternal life was help of God, to convince people of the based on absolute assurance. I was truth of the great message that I believe. preaching the second coming of Christ And many of them were persuaded to to others; I thoroughly expected to meet unite with our churches and join us in Christ in peace when He came. this movement. Some eight or ten years ago I became In those years of activity and of concerned regarding my own experience preaching the message here and there, I in Christ. I found that explaining the felt that the most important thing I could prophecies of Daniel, the 1260 days, the learn would be how to make convincing Carlyle B. Haynes retired in 1 955 after fifty 2300 days, the truth of the Sabbath, presentation of the message of God. I years as a minister, administrator, and signs of Christ's coming, and the studied, therefore, not only to familiarize evangelist. This message was first presented preaching of the unconscious state of the myself with all the teachings of the at a General Conference Ministerial Associ dead had nothing in it—at least, the way prophecies and the great doctrines, but ation meeting in 1926. See the accom I was doing it—that could enable me to also to learn how to meet objections, panying box for biographical information. conquer my own rebellious will or bring

4 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 into my life the power to overcome wanted me to live; I was not doing preaching for fifteen years and yet was an temptation and sin. I became con anything consciously or intentionally unconverted man. I hope you don't have cerned, and there was pressed into my wrong; but in spite of it all the con such an experience. But if you need it, conscience the question as to whether I viction came that I was lost in God's oh, I hope you get it! really was accepted of God. sight. And very nearly I felt that there I made up my mind that I could take I reviewed my seeming success. I was no way of salvation. no further risk in a matter of such looked back over the experiences that But through the mercy of God and the supreme importance. I came to Christ God had given me, and I was inclined to blessing of the Spirit that never brings us just as if I had never known Him before, conclude again that because of what I to such a place but that He desires to as though I were just beginning to leam had done and was doing, I was safe. I carry us beyond that place, I was the way to Christ—as I was, in reality. I tried to dismiss the questions that pressed suddenly awakened to the fact that in all surrendered my sins to Jesus Christ, and themselves upon me in connection with my association with God and His work, I by faith I received His forgiveness. And I my defeat when sin overcame me. But I had neglected the first simple childlike am not in any confusion about that could not avoid these questions. They step of coming to Jesus Christ for myself matter now! pressed upon me harder and harder. I and, by faith in Him, receiving pardon I found that something else was then felt that the thing to do was to for my own sins. All through those years necessary. I had the same old problems: throw myself with new energy and more I had hoped that my sins were forgiven, the same passions, appetites, lusts, ardent endeavor into the preaching of but I never could feel sure of it. God desires, inclinations, and dispositions— the message. I became more rigid in my brought me back, after fifteen years of the same old will. I found it necessary to adherence to the faith. I straightened up preaching this message, to the foot of the abandon myself—my life, my body, my some things in connection with my cross, and there came to me the realiza will, all my plans and ambitions—to the observance of the Sabbath. Some things tion of the awful fact that I had been Lord Jesus and receive Him altogether. that I had allowed myself to do on the Sabbath I quit doing. I was a little more scrupulous in my obedience to God. I preached with greater energy. I threw myself into all the activities of the ministry, hoping that by so doing I would find the peace that I had once had, and dismiss and drive out of my heart the fears that were taking possession of me with regard to my own standing before the Lord. But the harder I worked, the more this thing troubled me. I do thank God today that there is a Holy Spirit that pours light into a darkened heart and darkened mind! 33^;|JS^^ My activities did not help me in any way. They only brought me into greater difficulty, for I found that I had no power fijls'l? was \piesidfent >J&f, 'the • in my life to oppose all the temptations of ' ' and, ?;ftaiifc the devil, and that again and again and „ -e ''p"en'eral"lSQrlferr;:1* again I was defeated. That question of personal victory—the lack of it in my - encfe"*;as""" dlree'tipr , ;p£''ther Aiventigt,,,, life, and the need for it—began to burn in my soul, and there was a time when I questioned whether there was power in the threefold message to enable a man to live a victorious experience in Christ ': "'.; Btoi' Ih?/ ;;preadhetr ; ' as : ;|p"'''" ;,. •'i;isertous''.,.b"ut ^ongehiai Jesus. And I came into great trouble—so -«fetp p§ ijsy " "bee ialme "/s" whether*" there, ',': :,'" -,iat© 'more thari twenty, languages. • a supreme effort to live as I thought God

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 5 Not merely as the forgiver of my sins, not cannot produce righteousness, nor can it faith are united to Him become heirs of a merely to receive His pardon, but to ever, by any development, or refine double heritage of an exactly opposite receive Him as my Lord, my righteous ment, or education, or evolution, attain kind. Born of the flesh, we are entangled ness, and my very life. to righteousness. In Adam the whole in Adam's guilt. Bom of Christ, we I learned the lesson that the Christian race fell, and from him all inherited a become involved in an illimitable heri life is not any modification of the old life. nature too feeble for the gigantic task of tage of merit that Christ has made the It is not any qualification of it, any attaining righteousness. Human nature common property of all the members of development of it, not any progression of is carnal, not spiritual, and is, therefore, the family of which He is head. This it, any culture or refinement or educa not equal to this supreme spiritual extinguishes the debt of our guilt, tion of it. It is not built on the old life at achievement. cancels the record of our sins, brings all. It does not grow from it. It is another God gave man the law, but the law pardon for all our transgressions, life entirely—a new life altogether. It is could not alter man's nature or impart removes the sentence of death hanging the actual life of Jesus Christ Himself in any righteousness. It has no creative over us, and makes us rich in the my flesh. And God has been teaching me power to change carnal into spiritual. righteousness of Christ (chap. 5:19). that lesson. I don't think I have learned Rather it aggravates the evil. It multi More than that, as Adam conveyed to it altogether yet, but there is nothing on plies offenses. And this was God's his posterity a carnal, fallen, corrupt earth I want to learn so much as that. intention in giving it—to make sin nature, separated from God and Years ago I used to browse around in old exceedingly sinful, and to demonstrate inherently unfit for righteousness, so the bookstores and seize upon dusty old man's helplessness and doom. second Adam transmits to the race, of historical books as supreme treasures, So man cannot attain to righteous which He is the head, an entirely new trying to find something that would ness. He cannot lift himself into God's nature, a spiritual nature, akin to God, throw light on some dark prophecy. favor. He is lost. partaking of and delighting in righteous Today, while I am no less interested in ness. the prophecies, I am much more God reveals the secret of When, therefore, a man turns away interested in my union with Jesus Christ righteousness from his own works and looks alone to and in the development and growth and Man's extremity is God's opportunity. Christ for salvation, God declares that progress of His life in me. When the demonstration of man's help man just. This declaration of God is And now I am going to do something lessness is complete, God brings forth grounded on the finished work of our that I don't usually do. God has enabled His method. When man has proved that Lord. This is the very heart of Paul's me to express myself, not merely by word he can never attain to righteousness by argument in Romans. The passage that of mouth, but by writing as well. There his own efforts, and when man's righ makes this most clear is Romans 3:21-26. are some things I can express most teousness has demonstrated itself to be a Analyzing this passage gives us this effectively verbally; there are other failure, God reveals His secret—the result: 1. All people, without exception, things I can express most effectively in righteousness of God in Christ. are sinners. 2. All stand in need of a writing. Somehow, as I have thought of This is Christianity. This is the whole justification that they cannot of them what I wanted to present to you, purpose, the fullness, and the blessed selves provide. 3. God has set forth knowing the weakness of my preaching, result of the coming of Christ into the Christ to be the propitiation for the sins fearing I may wander and repeat, I have world—the conferring upon man, the of all. 4. On the ground of this propitia not dared to attempt to set forth the sinner, as a free gift, that which is tory work of Christ, we are declared to be principles that I want to bring to your altogether indispensable to man's bless just, or reckoned as just. 5. This act of attention this morning except in writ edness, but which he could not attain to God in declaring us just is entirely by ing. I will read to you some paragraphs himself. grace and on condition of our faith in that I have prepared covering the princi This was solely and altogether God's Christ. 6. Last, this work of Christ is ples of righteousness in Christ. I trust work. It is of grace, entirely unmerited. necessary in order that God might that my reading them will not divert your And the sinner obtains it by recognition Himself be just, as well as being able to interest. I would like to have you catch and acknowledgment of his failure to justify him who believes in Christ. the thought in every sentence. attain it, and by accepting it from God. The gospel, then, is God's arrange He does this solely by faith. It is "the ment by which He brings sinners into a Man cannot attain to righteousness righteousness of God which is by faith of new relation to Himself by faith in The true purpose of man's existence Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them Christ. In this new relation God justifies and the source of his true happiness is in that believe" (Rom. 3:22). the ungodly without effort on their part enjoying the favor of God. Aside from (chap. 4:4, 5). The sole basis of this God's favor, there can be no true life for Man's double heritage justifying act of God is the atonement of man. Adam's children derive from him a Jesus Christ. God's favor is attained through righ double heritage, or curse: the debt of teousness. The righteous alone can be at guilt, which, instead of being able to Faith the condition of justification peace with God and enjoy His favor. reduce, they are constantly increasing; This declarative act of God in jus Therefore, the chief purpose of man plus a fallen, corrupt, carnal nature that tifying the sinner is on condition of faith. must be to obtain righteousness. is utterly incapable of righteousness. Out This is not merely stated many times in But man is not righteous. And man of these grow all the woes of humanity. the New Testament, but the Old Testa has a nature out of which righteousness Christ is the second Adam, the new ment is appealed to as proof of the fact cannot grow. A corrupt and fallen nature head of the human race. Those who by that faith has always been the condition

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 of justification. The great typical illus Lord. Then we assumed the life and tration of this is Abraham's faith. (See duties of a follower of Christ. God's The central glory of verse 3; Gen. 15:6.) A long list of Old regenerating power then reproduced in Testament saints is given in Hebrews 11, our souls the image of Christ. The new the gospel is not a all of whom lived by faith. A terse but life thus implanted is the life of Christ comprehensive statement of this princi Himself. great truth or a great ple is found in Habakkuk 2:4. The idea of faith as contrasted with the works of the What is Christianity? movement but a great law as a ground of justification is clearly Becoming a Christian, then, is not the set forth in Galatians 2:16, 20. Justifica acceptance of a body of teachings, or a Person. It is Jesus tion is never on the ground of works (see mental assent to a set of doctrines, or Christ Himself. Eph. 2:8; Rom. 4:3, 9). If a man seeks to believing the truth of the Bible in a earn salvation by works, the fundamen merely intellectual way. It is not joining tal principle of the gospel is destroyed the church and partaking of the ordi (Rom. 4:4). To him who believes in nances. It is entering into a new personal Christ and renounces works as a ground relation to Christ. of salvation, his faith is imputed to him "As many as received him," to them for righteousness (see chaps. 4, 5). God gave power to become sons. "He When God pronounces us just, we are that hath the Son hath life." "As ye ... freed from condemnation and restored to received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk ye His favor. A new standing before God is in him." Barnabas exhorted the saints to bestowed upon us. We are pardoned. "cleave unto the Lord." The penalty of death for the trans The central glory of the gospel, gression of the law is remitted. We are therefore, is not a great truth, or a great received into God's favor. His grace now message, or a great movement, but a flows out actively to us and imparts every great Person. It is Jesus Christ Himself. What is the gospel? spiritual blessing. And the basis of all Without Him there could be no The gospel is many things: It is a this is Jesus Christ and His finished work. gospel. He came, not so much to revelation of the redemption of men by In comprehensive terms Paul sets it proclaim a message, but rather that there the work of Christ. forth in Romans 5:1, 2. Here is the might be a message to proclaim. He It is a message of unutterable mercy ground of justification—"through our Himself was and is the Message. Not His regarding the pardon of human sins. Lord Jesus Christ." Here is the condition teachings, but Himself, constituted It is a proclamation of the amnesty of of justification—"therefore being justi Christianity. the Holy One for the guilty sinner. fied by faith." Here is the remission of And in this is the great difference It is the good tidings of the death of the penalty—"we have peace with between Christianity and all other reli the Just One for the unjust, His becom God," which means the broken law no gions. Buddha, when he was about to ing the propitiation for our sins. longer menaces us with death. And here die, said to his disciples, "Never mind It is the bringing of life and immortal is the new standing in the divine what happens to me; you have my ity out from the shadows into the light favor—"by whom also we have access by teachings." But Jesus did not say to His and a revelation of the glorious possi faith into this grace wherein we stand." disciples, "My teachings are the way." bilities of benefit and blessing for this He said, "I am the way, the truth, and present life as well as for the life to come. A new nature imparted the life" (John 14:6). But the gospel is infinitely more than Standing in this new relation to God, He came to a lost world, a sick world, a all of this. It is God giving Himself to God imparts a new nature to us and dying world, a doomed world. And He men. It is man's union, and then builds an entirely new character in us. set forth a remedy. That remedy was communion, with God in Christ. The old nature is crucified, a new life is Himself. Not a system of teaching, but It was for this that prophecy was implanted by virtue of a new birth. And Himself. Not a code of laws, but given, that preparation was made, that this too, equally with justification, is Himself. Not a body of doctrine, but patriarchs, priests, and kings witnessed entirely on the ground of the finished Himself. Not a message, or a blessing, or and wrought. It was for this that work of Christ, solely by grace without a truth, or an experience, but Himself. Bethlehem, and Nazareth, and Calvary, works, and on the one condition of faith. Jesus Christ, the meek, the gentle, the and Golgotha, and Joseph's tomb, and Indeed, all that God does for us in humble, the unselfish, the self-denying, the hill of the ascension, and the fiery salvation, every development of charac the self-renouncing, not only revealed tongues of Pentecost entered scriptural ter, all progress in holiness, every step of Himself as the pattern of life, but also set history. It was for this that He has growth, is God's work through Christ, Himself forth as the object of faith, imputed His righteousness, imparted His and is all of grace, on the condition of hope, love, obedience, loyalty, devo holiness, and revealed the coming glori faith. tion, adoration, and worship. fication of the body. All the saving The life of the Christian, therefore, Christianity, then, is not a set of process, the entire scheme of salvation, may be summed up in one phrase, union doctrines, a body of teachings, or a centers here. That God might give with Christ. In repentance we turned statement of creedal expressions. It is a Himself to man, dwell in man, walk in away from sin and turned toward Christ. Person, and that Person is Christ. He is man, manifest His glory in him, shine Then we trusted Christ as Redeemer and Christianity. (Continued on page 10)

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 95 theses on righteousness by faith (apologies to Martin Luther)

Preface In these final hours of earth's history "one interest will prevail, one subject will swallow up every other—Christ our righteousness."— Sons and Daughters of God, p. 259. To help fulfill this statement we present these theses on Christ and righteousness by faith. Our author, Morris Venden, pastor at Southwestern Adventist College in Keene, Texas, presents these not as the last word but as a discussion stimulator. In particular we would appreciate your editing any or all of these theses. When you respond, please change or add supporting scriptural references if needed. If a significant number of changes are offered and accepted we will reprint the list in the future. So please write, act, react, submitting your views whether in letter or article form. We want to hear from you.

No. 1: A Christian does what is right because he is a Christian, No. 14: Knowing God results in trusting God. If you don't know never in order to be one (John 15:5). Him, you won't trust Him; if you don't trust Him, you No. 2: Righteousness equals Jesus. We have no righteousness don't know Him (2 Tim. 1:12). apart from Jesus (Rom. 1:16, 17). No. 15: Faith is a fruit of the Spirit, not a fruit of the person. It is No. 3: The only way to seek righteousness is to seek Jesus. not something we work on or work up (Gal. 5:22). (Rom. 4:4, 5). No. 16: Positive thinking does not produce genuine faith, but No. 4: Christianity and salvation are based not on what you do faith will produce positive thinking (Rom. 10:17). but on whom you know (Rom. 3:28). No. 17: Surrender is giving up on ourselves, not giving up our No. 5: Doing right by not doing wrong is not doing right. Being sins. Giving up our sins is the result of giving up on good by not being bad is not being good (Matt. 23:27, ourselves and seeking God (Rom. 10:3, 4). 28). No. 18: Working to give up our sins can keep us from giving up No. 6: Righteousness will make you moral, but morality will on ourselves (Rom. 9:31, 32). not make you righteous (Matt. 5:20). No. 19: No one can crucify or bring himself to surrender. No. 7: Our good works are not what cause us to be saved. Someone else has to do that for us (Gal. 2:20). Our bad works are not what cause us to be lost No. 20: We are controlled by God or Satan. The only control we (Rom. 3:20). have is to choose who is going to control us (Rom. 6:16). No. 8: Everyone is bom sinful (or self-centered) because everyone is born separated from God (Ps. 58:3). No. 21: The surrender of the will is the surrender of the power of choice, but we use our power of choice to surrender it. No. 9: God does not hold us accountable for being bom sinful We give up our power of choice toward behavior; we (Eze. 18:20; John 1:9). keep our power of choice toward relationship (Phil. No. 10: We sin because we are sinful; we are not sinful because 2:13; Rom. 6:11). we sin (Rom. 7:14-20). No. 22: The only deliberate effort in living the Christian life is in No. 11: Sin (living apart from God) results in sins (doing seeking God—spontaneous effort toward other things wrong things) (1 John 3:6). will result (John 15:5; Phil. 4:13). No. 12: Whoever lives life apart from God is living in sin (John No. 23: Growing Christians experience on-again, off-again 16:8, 9). surrender—sometimes they depend on God and No. 13: The best definition for faith is trust. Faith is depending sometimes they depend on themselves (Luke 9:54; upon Another (Matt. 15:21-28). Matt. 16:16, 17, 22, 23).

8 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 No. 24: Conversion is the work of the Holy Spirit that produces No. 49: If we don't take time for the Bible and prayer, we will die a change of attitude toward God and creates a new spiritually (John 6:53). capacity for knowing God (John 3:3-8). No. 50: Just because you read the Bible and pray doesn't mean No. 25: Conversion leads to a changed life (Eze. 36:26, 27). you'll have a relationship with God, but you won't if you No. 26: Conversion (as well as repentance) is a continuing don't (John 5:39, 40). experience, not once only (Luke 9:23). No. 51: The primary purpose of prayer is not to get answers but No. 27: Repentance is sorrow for sin and turning away from sins. for communication—to know Jesus (Rev. 3:20). Repentance is a gift; therefore, sorrow for sin and No. 52: The primary purpose of Bible study is not to get turning away from sins is a gift (Acts 5:31). information but for communication—to know Jesus No. 28: We do not change our lives in order to come to Christ; (Rev. 3:20). we come to Him just as we are, and He changes our lives No. 53: Until we learn to seek Jesus for His sake, not ours, things (John 6:37). often get worse when we pray (Job). No. 29: God gives us repentance before He gives forgiveness No. 54: Anyone who gets discouraged with his relationship (Acts 3:19). because of his behavior is a legalist (Rom. 7:14-24). No. 30: Worldly sorrow is being sorry we broke a law and got No. 55: True obedience is a gift from God—the robe is free! caught. Godly sorrow is being sorry we broke a heart and (Matt. 22:11-14). hurt our best Friend (2 Cor. 7:10). No. 56: Real obedience comes from the inside out not the No. 31: The only known sin that can't be forgiven is the one for outside in (Matt. 23:25, 26). which we don't repent and ask forgiveness (1 John 1:9). No. 57: Genuine obedience is natural and spontaneous; it comes No. 32: Forgiveness is no good for the sinner unless it is accepted only through the faith relationship with Christ (John by the sinner (Ps.86:5). 14:15). No. 33: God's forgiveness is not limited, but our acceptance of No. 58: One who is depending on God for power doesn't His forgiveness can be (Matt. 18:21, 22). have to try hard to obey; he would have to try hard No. 34: Those who are forgiven much will love much; those not to obey (1 John 3:6). who love much will obey much (Luke 7:41-43; John No. 59: Obedience that is only external is false obedience (Matt. 14:15). 5:20). No. 35: Forgiveness is free, but it is not cheap; it cost the life of No. 60: When we know God as it is our privilege to know Him, God's dear Son (John 3:16). our life will bealife of continual obedience (1 John2:3). No. 36: God forgives sinners, not sins, but the Bible calls this the No. 61: Anyone who tries to live the Christian life apart from forgiveness of sins. Jesus died because sins could not be Christ is not a Christian; he is a legalist (whether forgiven (Isa. 53:5-6, 8). conservative or liberal) (Gal. 3:1-3). No. 37: Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures No. 62: There is no power for genuine obedience in the law. (1 Cor. 15:3). Mount Sinai is ineffective without Mount Calvary No. 38: The cross made it possible for God to be just and to (Rom. 8:3). forgive anyone (Rom. 3:23-26). No. 63: Christ is the end of the law for righteousness, but not the No. 39: The death of Christ was necessary in order for us to be end of the law (Rom. 10:4). forgiven (John 3:14, 15). No. 64: Good works done apart from Christ are bad works No. 40: We can add nothing to what Jesus did at the cross, but (Matt. 7:22, 23). God can add plenty (Heb. 7:25; 9:11, 12). No. 65: The purpose of good works is not to save us but to bring No. 41: Staying with Jesus is just as important as coming to Him glory to God (Matt. 5:16). (John 15:4). No. 66: When it comes to genuine faith and works, you can't No. 42: Assurance of salvation continues through the have one without the other (James 2:17, 18, 26). personal daily relationship with Jesus (1 John 5:11, No. 67: Faith grows in quantity not in quality; growth is in 12). the constancy of dependence upon God (Luke 17:5, No. 43: Christians should know that they have the assurance of 6). salvation today (John 6:47). No. 68: You don't grow by trying to grow (Matt. 6:27). No. 44: The Bible teaches "once saved, always saved," as No. 69: Christians grow stronger by realizing their weakness. long as you keep saved (Matt. 24:12, 13). When we are weak, then we are strong (2 Cor. 12:9, No. 45: Peace does not come from victory; victory comes from 10). peace (John 8:11). No. 70: We can do all things through Christ who strengthens No. 46: One reason we keep sinning is because we don't believe us, but without Him we can do nothing (Phil 4:13; we are forgiven. Assurance leads to victory, uncertainty John 15:5). leads to defeat (1 John 3:2, 3). No. 71: Satan has no power to cause those who depend on God No. 47: Righteousness by faith is an experience, not simply a to sin, but those who depend on themselves are easily theory (Phil. 3:9, 10). defeated (2 Cor. 10:4,5). No. 48: The devotional life of the Christian is not optional. The No. 72: The abiding daily relationship with God leads to abiding relationship with God is the entire basis of the ongoing surrender or moment-by-moment dependence on Him Christian life (John 17:3). (John 15:2).

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 9 No. 73: Looking to self is always the point of separation from No. 85: Victory is not something we achieve; it is something we God and breaks the moment-by-moment dependence receive (1 Cor. 15:57). on Him (Matt. 14:28-30). No. 86: In the Christian warfare we are active toward the fight of No. 74: God will never separate from us, but we can choose to faith and passive toward the fight of sins (Eph. 6:10-18). separate from God (Rom. 8:35, 38, 39). No. 87: Real victory is getting the victory ovemying to get the No. 75: The reason God wants us to witness is primarily for our victory (2 Chron. 20:15, 17). good (Matt. 11:29). No. 88: Perfection of character is not our work; it is God's work No. 76: The desire to share comes naturally for the genuine in us (Heb. 13:20, 21). Christian (although methods may vary) (2 Cor. 4:13). No. 89: Perfection can be a dangerous topic if it focuses our No. 77: The happiest person in the world is the one whose life is attention on ourselves and our own works (Gal. 3:3). most involved in serving others. The most miserable No. 90: Jesus was like Adam before the Fall in that He had a person is the one whose life is most involved in serving sinless nature—He was not born separated from self (Mark 8:35). God. Jesus was like Adam after the Fall in physical No. 78: Christian service in the spiritual life corresponds to strength, mental power, and moral worth (Luke exercise in the physical life (Acts 3:6-9). 1:35; Heb. 2:17, 18). No. 79: The "gospel of the kingdom" is the good news of No. 91: Jesus had no advantage over us in overcoming righteousness by faith (Matt. 6:33). temptations (Heb. 4:15). No. 80: The real issue in temptation is whether to live a life No. 92: Jesus overcame temptations in the same way that we can apart from Christ (John 16:8, 9). overcome—by the power above Him rather than the No. 81: Temptations become sins when we consent to them in power from within Him (John 14:10). our minds (Matt. 5:21,22, 28). No. 93: Jesus found sin repulsive. So long as we are depending on No. 82: Jesus was tempted to do right, but in His own power, and God, we also find sin repulsive (Heb. 1:8, 9). so are we (Matt. 4:2, 3). No. 94: We can never be as Jesus was, but we can do as Jesus did No. 83: The Lord knows how to deliver the godly, not the Qohn 14:12). ungodly, out of temptations (2 Peter 2:9). No. 95: The problem of sin is a broken relationship between No. 84: Temptations are overcome not at the time of the man and God—the goal of salvation is to restore the temptations, but always before (Heb. 4:16). relationship between God and man (Rev. 19:7-9).

These theses, along with a twenty-lesson Bible study set, will be available from Pacific Press Publishing Association, Nampa, Idaho, later this year.

Righteousness in Christ From page 7 out from him, and bring him at last to friendship, deals tenderly and gently failure in obedience, because He is our Himself—for this was the gospel insti with you; who guides you in the way of obedience. Trusting Him, relying on tuted. All this God does—in Christ. righteousness and obedience, teaches Him, abandoning ourselves to Him, you the truth; who has strength for all giving ourselves clear away to Him, we Condition of receiving salvation your needs and supplies it to you; who will be brought into full harmony with Jesus bids us, "Believe ... in me," walks with you as a friend and communes every requirement of God because of His "Learn of me," "Come unto me," with you; who shares His own eternal life life in us. "Follow me," "Abide in me." Personal with you; who comforts you in trouble, acceptance of Him as a personal Saviour solves all your problems and perplexities, Preaching Christ is the condition of salvation, and the meets every crisis of life with you; who This is the glorious message to be only condition. Surrender to Him, stands by your side always, smooths your taken to all the world in this generation. repentance toward Him, confession to pillow in sickness, goes down into the Christ only, Christ crucified, Christ Him, acceptance of Him, believing dark valley of death with you, and with risen, Christ ascended, Christ interced Him, faith in Him, following Him, whom you are safe. Knowing Him as a ing, Christ coming again, Christ the learning of Him, trusting Him, knowing friend and a Saviour, you feel assured in only Saviour from sin, Christ our righ Him, abiding in Him, resting in Him— leaving all the future in His hands, just as teousness, Christ our obedience, Christ these are the indications and blessed you commit all the present to Him. our coming king. Let us not cease "to privileges of Christian experience. Imparting His own life to you, He will teach and preach Jesus Christ"—"the To be a Christian, then, is to enter fulfill all His commandments in you. chiefest among ten thousand," and the into relationship with a Person—a Per Yours will be a commandment-keeping One "altogether lovely" (Acts 5:42; S. of son who loves you, cherishes your life because it is His life. There will be no Sol. 5:10, 16). 10 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 E. Rand a 11 Binns The Mosaic sanctuary Through the sanctuary God sought o subject in the Bible to a temple in heaven that is of vital is of greater religious to communicate His importance to all who are alive to the and psychological unfolding of the drama of redemption in significance for us love and grace to its closing stages. than that of the sanctuary; yet none mankind. The God's dwelling place is less known or For the building of the tabernacle, understood by the average Christian, nor devotional lessons this Moses was instructed to command the less commented on and explained at the people not only to bring an offering, but present time by the clergy. Those who author has discovered to bring it willingly. This would involve a think that only the New Testament is in God's instructions total, ready, and joyful acceptance of the vital for Christian doctrine have rele will of God. They were to bring goodly gated both the wilderness tabernacle and to Moses can help you portions of all the best treasures heaped Jerusalem's Temple (with all things upon them by the Egyptians at their "Jewish") to the limbo of Old Testament understand the gospel departure, including gold, silver, costly ideas that have little relevance. Never materials dyed in the richest colors, theless, it is no exaggeration to say that according to the animals' skins, oil, sweet spices, and no biblical theme throws more light on precious stones; and they themselves were the subjects of the God-image, on the sanctuary. to make the sanctuary, "that I may dwell unconscious in general, on man's whole among them" (see Ex. 25:1-8). Itwasthe mental and spiritual structure, and on his dearest wish of all the true worshipers of present functioning and final destiny Yahweh to have Him dwell among them; than that of the sanctuary. yet they knew only too well from the Some indication of the importance of experience of Sinai that their mortal the sanctuary is the space devoted to it in flesh and sinful, finite minds could not the Scriptures. The description of the endure His immediate presence. This is portable tabernacle sanctuary and its referred to forty years later by Moses services occupies an enormous portion of (Deut. 18:15-19) in the words "the Lord the Pentateuch. Later, many chapters thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet are devoted to the erection of Solomon's from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, Temple and the inauguration of its like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken; services, and Ezra describes the rebuild according to all that thou desiredst of the ing of the Temple after the Babylonian Lord thy God in Horeb in the day of the captivity. Some years before the return assembly, saying, Let me not hear again of the Jews from Babylon the prophet the voice of the Lord my God, neither let Ezekiel was given a vision of the great me see this great fire any more, that I die temple that was never set up as a literal not. And the Lord said unto mt, They building; a vision concerning whose have well spoken that which they have interpretation there is still much dis spoken. I will raise them up a Prophet agreement. The Epistle to the Hebrews E. Randall Binns, a retired college professor from among their brethren, like unto draws the attention of Christian readers living in England, is author of the book thee, and will put my words in his very forcibly to the subject of the basic Archaeology of the Mind, from which this mouth; and he shall speak unto them all features of the sanctuary. And finally, article is excerpted. See Shop Talk for special that I shall command him. And it shall the Book of Revelation refers frequently price on book. come to pass, that whosoever will not MINISTRY/MAY/1986 11 hearken unto my words which he shall the two sides, but not quite to the speak in my name, I will require it of ground. Evidently this was to keep it him." from being soiled by bad weather. Over "The tabernacle was Moses and the Israelites rightly the tabernacle were laid three other understood these words to refer to a coverings, or "tents," thirty cubits in meant to be a particularly outstanding Prophet; in length, which therefore hung down symbolic fact, we may be sure that Moses believed lower than the linen veil. The first of that this was to be the Messiah Himself, these was of goat hair, the second of ram representation of the the promised Redeemer, the very Son of skins dyed red, and the third of badger or God, who would veil Himself in human sealskin, which gave durable protection nature of the flesh in order to dwell among His people from the elements. At the doorway of without endangering their lives by the the tent were hangings of the same Messiah, pointing presence of His unveiled divinity. It is materials as the inner veil, but without evident therefore from this text, when it the cherubim (verses 36, 37). They were forward." is considered in conjunction with Exo supported on five pillars of shittim wood dus 25:8, that the tabernacle was meant overlaid with gold, and hooked together to be a symbolic representation of the with gold; but these pillars rested in nature of the Messiah, pointing forward sockets of brass. to His actual manifestation on earth as It is in connection with the descrip the longed-for God-man—the Saviour. tion of the coupling together of the With this most commentators agree. curtains of fine twined linen that covered The apostle John sums up the whole the whole sanctuary and held it together matter in the simple but most illuminat that we come upon the arresting state ing words: "the Word was made flesh, ment: "And it shall be one tabernacle" and dwelt [Gr. tabernacled] among us" (verse 6). Moses and his people were (John 1:14). thus given to understand that this tent of Among the many writers on the meeting was a single unit, not a mere sanctuary question, I especially appreci agglomeration of disconnected items. ate Alfred Edersheim1 and Frederick This was all the more important as the table to the right, was made of wood Whitfield. 2 They agree on most of the first specifications detailed by the Lord to covered over with gold. This altar was essential points and supplement one Moses referred to the articles of furniture also a perfect square, measuring a cubit another to a remarkable degree. It is that were to be placed within the each way, and two cubits in height almost superfluous to add that their tabernacle, beginning with the ark of the (chap. 30:1, 2). The inner sanctuary was works also contain much that I cannot testimony. Not until the outer structure occupied by the greatest treasure of all, accept in the light of further thought and was erected could these things be bound the ark of the testimony, an oblong chest research. together as a living whole. of shittim wood overlaid within and Within the sanctuary there were two without with gold, measuring two and a The structure apartments: the first, called the holy half cubits in length by one and a half in The wilderness tabernacle was a sim place, was twenty cubits long, thus breadth and height. The lid of this chest ple structure thirty cubits long by ten running two thirds of the total length; formed what was called the mercy seat, cubits wide (approximately fifty-two feet the second, named the Most Holy Place, made of pure gold and fitting the top of by seventeen feet, if the Egyptian cubit or the Holiest of All, was ten cubits long, the chest exactly. From the two ends of of 20.6 inches was used), and ten cubits and therefore formed a perfect square. this mercy seat extended two cherubim, high. It was made of shittim wood, The two apartments were separated by a beaten out of the same gold: "even of generally recognized to be the acacia—a most exquisite veil resembling that [margin, "of the matter of] the mercy gnarled and knotted wood of a very which covered the whole sanctuary, "of seat shall ye make the cherubims. . . . enduring nature. The upright boards blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine And the cherubims shall stretch forth placed side by side rested in heavy silver twined linen of cunning work: with their wings on high, covering the mercy sockets, and were overlaid with gold. cherubims shall it be made . . . and the seat with their wings, and their faces They formed the north, south, and west vail shall divide unto you between the shall look one to another; toward the walls of the sanctuary. The eastern end holy place and the most holy" (verses 31, mercy seat shall the faces of the cheru served as the entrance, and was covered 33). bims be. ... And in the ark thou shalt only by a veil. The ceiling was formed of In the holy place, close to the curtain put the testimony that I shall give thee. a veil of "fine twined linen, and blue, on the right, which was the north side, And there I will meet with thee, and I and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims stood the table of shewbread; this table will commune with thee from above the of cunning work [or "the work of an also was made of shittim wood overlaid mercy seat, from between the two embroiderer," margin]" (Ex. 26:1). This with gold. Opposite it on the south side cherubims which are upon the ark of the veil consisted of ten curtains, twenty- stood the golden candlestick, or more testimony, of all things which I will give eight cubits in length and four in width, properly, the seven-branched lamp- thee in commandment unto the-children coupled together in two sets of five; it was stand, made of pure gold. In the center, of Israel" (chap. 25:19-22). spread over the entire structure except just in front of the dividing veil, was the The psalmist tells us: "In his temple the front, covering the western end and golden altar of incense, which, like the doth every one speak of his glory" (Ps. 12 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 29:9); the marginal translation reads: with its cherubim, as well as the seven- "Every whit of it uttereth his glory." In branched lampstand, were of pure gold. Psalm 77:13 it is written: "Thy way, O Might this indicate that both in Christ's The divine power by God, is in the sanctuary." What, then, is physical nature (the outer structure) and which He lived and the glory of God, and what is His way? in mental and spiritual potentialities, His chief glory is the perfection of His the divine element was not only linked spoke and worked character, of His very nature, for He is with the human, but had the ascendancy light and love and beauty and everything over it? This would not be to say that was the same as that that the soul of man can ever long for; Christ had an unfair advantage over us. the unapproachable light in which He "I can of mine own self do nothing," which He has made dwells is but the visible effulgence of His He said (John 5:30). The divine power being. It was therefore by the shining by which He lived and spoke and worked available to all of His light of the Shekinah that He made His was the same as that which He has made presence known above the mercy seat; available to all of His followers, the followers. this was referred to as the "glory of the power of the indwelling Father: "The Lord" that filled the tabernacle as soon as Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the it was set up (Ex. 40:34). Everything in works" (chap. 14:10). the sanctuary, however, according to The "testimony" that was placed David, also uttered His glory, so that we within the ark was the two tables of stone are justified in agreeing with all those on which were inscribed the Ten Com commentators who see in the tabernacle mandments, "written with the finger of a spatial structure representing the God" (Ex. 31:18; 32:16; 34:1). This law nature of Christ. is the epitome of God's will, the standard So far we have dealt only with the of His justice and righteousness; it is thus static aspects—the outer structure and enshrined within the inmost sanctuary of the furnishings, and we will now pause Christ's nature, being one aspect of the by the way to examine briefly what these indwelling Father. Above it is the mercy represented. seat of pure gold, representing that other glorious aspect of the Father's charac not walk in darkness, but shall have the Christ in the sanctuary ter—His forgiving love and grace that light of life." In the sanctuary, the high As God-man, Christ's nature was led Him to give His beloved Son to save priest and his attendant priests were dual, uniting the human and the divine. the repentant sinner. Truly we see here anointed with oil. Luke records that The gnarled wood of the desert fitly that "mercy and truth are met together; Christ applied to Himself the prophecy represents that human nature that our righteousness and peace have kissed each of Isaiah 61:1: "The Spirit of the Lord is Saviour came to share with us and other" (Ps. 85:10). It was by Christ's upon me, because he hath anointed me without which He could not have been perfect obedience to His Father's com to preach the gospel to the poor" (Luke the perfect "captain of [our] salvation" mandments, His complete submission 4:18); and Peter makes the symbolism nor a High Priest "touched with the even unto death, that He not only even clearer in his words to Cornelius: feeling of our infirmities" (Heb. 2:10; obtained mercy for His flock but also had "How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth 4:15). Gold, on the other hand, is the the fullness of the indwelling light of the with the Holy Ghost and with power" chief biblical symbol of the divine Father so that He Himself was revealed (Acts 10:38). The reason for the lamp- nature. In Revelation 21:18 we are told as "the light of the world" (John 8:12). stand being of pure gold will emerge that the Holy City, New Jerusalem, is The table of shewbread on which were later. "pure gold, like unto clear glass," for placed each Sabbath day twelve fresh The golden altar of incense was the there every inhabitant will have become loaves of bread—one for each tribe of place of prayer, of communion with Him a partaker of the divine nature (2 Peter Israel—displayed the coming Redeemer who dwelt above the mercy seat. Revela 1:4). Job also knew this truth, for he said: as the spiritual bread of His people; a tion 5:8 tells us that the "golden vials full "When he hath tried me, I shall come teaching that Christ clearly affirmed in of odours" (margin, "incense") are "the forth as gold" (Job 23:10). And Malachi His own words: "For the bread of God is prayers of saints," and David prays: "Let adds his testimony that the "messenger he which cometh down from heaven, my prayer be set forth before thee as of the covenant. . . . shall purify the sons and giveth life unto the world. ... I am incense; and the lifting up of my hands as of Levi, and purge them as gold and the bread of life: he that cometh to me the evening sacrifice" (Ps. 141:2). Moses silver, that they may offer unto the Lord shall never hunger; and he that believeth was instructed to place this altar before an offering in righteousness" (Mal. on me shall never thirst" (chap. 6:33, the veil, that is, in the first apartment, in 3:1-3). By carefully noting the material 35). the very center of the space directly in of which each article was made, we can The lampstand clearly represents front of the veil; but Hebrews tells us that learn many a lesson of great significance. Christ as the light of the world, burning it was the "Holiest of all" that "had the We find the wood with the gold covering brightly by means of the olive oil, which golden censer" (Heb. 9:3, 4) by which used for the upright structure of the is the constant biblical symbol of the Paul means the altar of incense. There is walls, as well as for the table of Holy Spirit. In John 8:12 we find the a beautiful lesson in this apparent shewbread, the altar of incense, and the record of Christ's claim: "I am the light contradiction, for the purpose of this ark of the testimony. But the mercy seat of the world: he that followeth me shall altar was the burning of incense with

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 13 morning and evening worship at stated cleansed by accepting the vicarious The sacrificial death times, but those with spiritual insight sacrifice of the Saviour, through repen doubtless joined in spirit with the high tance, confession and faith. Before the of Christ, though the priest in praying as they went about their promulgation of the law from Mount daily business—just as Paul bids us to Sinai, the Lord had called the whole climax of His life, was "pray without ceasing" (1 Thess. 5:17). nation of Israel into a close relationship Soon the duty of trimming the lamps and with Himself, a covenant or agreement the foundation stone, burning the incense came to be shared by which they were to be His "peculiar with the ordinary priests. These later treasure . . . above all people" and "a the very first step in became very numerous, and were kingdom of priests, and an holy nation" divided into twenty-four orders, or (Ex. 19:5, 6). This is exactly the same the way of courses (1 Chronicles 24); thus we read relationship as that of the Christian redemption, the full in the first chapter of Luke concerning church, to whom Peter wrote: "But ye Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, are a chosen generation, a royal priest and complete price of that "while he executed the priest's hood, an holy nation, a peculiar office before God in the order of his people; that ye should shew forth the the atonement for course, ... his lot was to burn incense praises of him who hath called you out of when he went into the temple of the darkness into his marvellous light" sins. Lord. And the whole multitude of the (1 Peter 2:9). It is therefore clear that people were praying without at the time both Israelites and Christians were to see of incense" (Luke 1:8-10). themselves, in their spiritual lives and activities, mirrored in the persons and The high priest service of the priests as they cooperated The mention of the high priest brings with their great High Priest. us to the dynamic element within the The burning of the sacrificial animal tabernacle and to the discussion of God's shadowed forth the removal of the guilt way. The whole tabernacle sprang into and penalty of sin, a cleansing of the life only with the inauguration of the penitent soul that was later represented sacrificial services, all of which were in the Christian church by baptism, a carried out by the priesthood under the complete washing away of and death to supervision of the high priest. Every sin (Rom. 6:4). The altar stood in a sacrifice was a prefiguration of the direct line between the door of the court Saviour's gift of His own life in the and the entrance to the tabernacle. A sinner's stead, and a memorial of the little nearer to the tabernacle, in the primeval promise of a Redeemer. Thus a same line, stood the brazen laver, a large merciful Creator, foreseeing that His round receptacle filled with water, at people would fall into sin through the which the priests were directed to wash holy fire taken from the altar of sacrifice weakness of their fallen nature, provided their hands and feet after dealing with in the court, in order that the fragrant for them, immediately after He pro the sacrifices and before entering the smoke of the incense might rise and claimed His law from Sinai, a detailed sacred tent. This was a clear symbol of penetrate both through and over the and complete object lesson by which the washing away of the defilement of separating veil into the very presence of they might learn all the essential aspects sins committed after the first great God. Thus the altar was the instrument, of the gospel. This was God's way, cleansing, and it is to this rite that our the means to an end, and stood before embodied in the very life and death and Lord evidently alluded when washing the veil; the purpose was the thing resurrection of His incarnate Son to such His disciples' feet: "He that is washed produced, the expression of the soul in a degree that Christ could rightly say: "I needeth not save to wash his feet, but is communion with God, and this reached am the way, the truth, and the life: no clean every whit" (John 13:10). But within the veil. The earthly high priest man cometh unto the Father, but by me" while the priests washed their own feet at spent a large portion of his time, if he (John 14:6). the brazen laver, our Saviour made it lived up to his name, in interceding for The sacrificial death of Christ, though clear that it was He and He alone who himself and his people at this altar, but the climax of His life, was the foundation could in reality wash His followers clean he was particularly enjoined to burn stone, the very first step in the way of of sin committed since baptism, for as incense on it at the time of the morning redemption, the full and complete price the physical cleansing lay in the water, and evening sacrifices, directly after of the atonement for sin. The altar of so the spiritual cleansing could only be dressing and lighting the lamps of the sacrifice where the priests carried out all derived from Him who is Himself the golden lampstand. It was to be "a the animal sacrifices typifying Christ's Water of Life. perpetual incense before the Lord offering of His life, was significantly throughout your generations" (Ex. 30:7, placed outside the tabernacle, in the 1 Alfred Edersheim, The Tempk: Its Ministry 8). From the word perpetual we may court that surrounded it. The principle and Services (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans conclude that it burnt continually, from brought to view here is that the wor Pub. Co. ,1954). 2 Frederick Whitfield, The Tabernacle, Priest' one relighting to the next. Thus the shiper is neither fit nor able to enter into hood and Offerings of Israel (Welwyn Garden City: congregation without would join in the the presence of the Lord unless he is first James Nisbet and Co., 1884).

14 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 Samuele Bacchiocchi The call to motherhood In our increasingly egalitarian society are t is often said that primarily a sacred calling because it "behind every great mothers losing their stems not from a human appointment or man there is a great a church ordination. There has been woman." This saying unique role? There are considerable discussion on whether or applies both to the not women should be ordained to the I vital role wives play still important priesthood. No one, however, has ever in the success of their raised the issue of whether women husbands and to the inestimable molding distinctions between should be called or ordained to mother influence mothers exert on their chil hood. A woman's sacred calling to dren's future lives. W. R. Wallace the sexes. Mothering is motherhood arises from two unique expressed truth eloquently in the words a profession. powers that God has granted to every "The hand that rocks the cradle is the mother: the first is biological; the second hand that rules the world." is spiritual or moral. It is noteworthy that in the history of Biologically, God has endowed every the kings of Israel and Judah, the name of woman with the marvelous and in a each king's mother is mentioned, pre sense miraculous capacity to conceive sumably to the shame of those mothers and nourish human life in her womb. No whose children became evil kings and to matter how hard a man may try, none the praise of those whose sons became can ever duplicate childbirth. good kings. In the ancient world men were mysti It is equally significant that Scripture fied by what they thought was a magical gives us the mothers' names of great power invested in women, which spiritual leaders such as Moses, Samuel, resulted in worshiping female god Jesus, John the Baptist, and Timothy, desses such as Isis, Cyvel, Diana, Venus. undoubtedly because their mothers To a Christian, the woman's biological made significant contributions to the capacity to conceive and bear children is success of their ministry. not a mysterious magical power, but a While Michelangelo worked with special divine endowment. It is a sacred hammer and chisel to sculpt an imagi endowment that enables every woman to nary Moses out of marble, Jochebed imitate the great Creator of the universe worked with devotion, love, and faith to in bringing new creatures into existence. mold the character of her son. We can be Since life is a sacred gift from God, a quite certain that it was Jochebed's early mother who brings a new life into this influence that enabled Moses later in life world is fulfilling a most sacred calling. to choose "rather to share ill-treatment Spiritually, God has endowed every with the people of God than to enjoy the woman who becomes a mother with the fleeting pleasures of sin" (Heb. 11:25).* unique power to mold her children's There are three significant aspects of character for time and eternity. Practi the call to motherhood: (1) a sacred cally all of us have first learned about calling, (2) an endangered calling, and love, honesty, integrity, and faith in (3) an indispensable calling. Samuele Bacchiocchi, Ph. D., is professor of God through our mothers. The powerful To be a mother is not merely a church history and theology at Andrews molding influence that God has granted biological and social function; it is University, Berrien Springs, Michigan. mothers staggers our imagination. "Next

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 15 to God," Ellen White rightly writes, side her home. "the mother's power for good is the Economic necessity. A second major God has endowed strongest known on earth."—The factor is the economic necessity of their Adventist Home, p. 240. The same families. A fine Christian mother every woman who author notes that a mother "has in her recently told me, "I wish I could stay power the molding of her children's home to look after my three children, becomes a mother characters, that they may be fitted for the but there is no way we can stretch my higher, immortal life. An angel could husband's salary to pay for the church with the unique not ask for a higher mission; for in doing school fees of the two older ones, the this work she is doing service for mortgage, car repairs, medical bills, and power to mold her God."—Ibid., p. 231. all the other bills." This mother, like countless others, children's character An endangered calling has to leave her children for several for time and eternity. The call to motherhood is being hours every day in the care of somebody endangered today by many subversive else, not out of choice but out of forces. More and more mothers, whether necessity. The problem is even greater out of choice or out of necessity, are for those mothers who are single parents abdicating some of their motherly and thus are sometimes obliged to leave responsibilities by placing their pre their children for even longer hours school children in the care of others. during the day in order to meet necessary This trend should concern all of us who financial obligations. believe that no one else can substitute for Under these circumstances no mother the molding of her children's characters a natural mother in molding the charac can be expected to be the perfect mother as a sacred calling will make the right ter of her children. Several significant who is able to meet the spiritual, decision. factors are encouraging this trend. Three emotional, and physical needs of her Could it be that the three factors of them deserve special mention. children. Such mothers, however, mentioned above are reflected in the Ungrateful husbands. One major factor deserve not our condemnation but our ever-increasing rates of juvenile delin endangering the call to motherhood is commendation for their heroic efforts to quency, drug abuse, high school drop- perhaps the lack of appreciation on the be both the providers and the trainers of outs, teenage pregnancies, et cetera? part of many husbands for the vital their children. God understands their These painful and prevailing problems ministry their wives are performing. One burdens and anguish, and we must tell us that one of the greatest needs of of the most difficult things for a mother likewise show our compassion and sup our society today is the need of full-time to accept is not the misbehavior of her port. mothers. children or the "low pay" for her home Professional Satisfaction. A third and work; rather, it is the ungratefulness of more serious factor endangering the call An indispensable calling her husband. For her to hear, at the end to motherhood is the search for a sense of To appreciate how indispensable the of a taxing day spent heeding the many professional accomplishment that some calling to motherhood is, let us briefly needs of home and children, her dis mothers fail to experience while per reflect on the unique capacity of a gruntled husband complaining as though forming the many household chores and Christian mother to communicate to her she had done nothing during the day is attending to their children. children three vital qualities: faith and most disheartening. It is obviously more glamorous and love, self-worth, and moral values. "Could the veil be withdrawn and prestigious for a woman to display her Since no one else can love a child like father and mother see as God sees the professional skills in a hospital, school, a mother, God has especially endowed work of the day, and see how His infinite office, or business place, rather than in a them to communicate faith and love to eye compares the work of one with that home where nobody seems to notice her their children. These two qualities go of the other, they would be astonished at accomplishments. The home, after all, hand in hand because we can have faith the heavenly revelation. The father does not offer such professional satisfac only in the one we love and we can truly would view his labor in a more modest tions as promotions, pay raises, and the love only the one in whom we have light, while the mother would have new respect and admiration of peers. faith. courage and energy to pursue her labor But there remains the question Is it In Scripture God reveals the depth of with wisdom, perseverance, and right for preschool children to have to His love for us by comparing it to that of patience."—Ibid., p. 233. pay the price of parental neglect so that a mother for a sucking child: " 'Can a Mother's Day affords a welcomed mothers can experience the sense of woman forget her sucking child, that she opportunity to those of us who are fathers professional satisfaction? The answer to should have no compassion on the son of to resolve to become more appreciative this question is dependent largely upon her womb?' Even these may forget, yet I and supportive for the vital ministry our one's priorities. will not forget you" (Isa. 49:15). wives are performing daily in the home, The mother who sees the satisfaction Mother love is so deep that it chooses rearing our children in the nurture and of her personal ambitions as the first and to ignore any physical imperfection the admonition of the Lord. A mother who ultimate goal of her life will not hesitate child may have. I vividly remember feels highly appreciated by her husband to sacrifice the well-being of her children when I first saw my wife in the hospital will be less inclined to seek self-fulfill to achieve such a goal. On the other holding our first child, Loretta. She ment in professional employment out hand, the Christian mother who views proudly showed me the baby, and asked

16 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 me, "Isn't she beautiful?" "Well," I motivation and almost resigned to fail on the future life of her child. She replied, "what about her flat nose?" ure. In many cases I have found that this believed that God was the creator of Frankly, to me she looked as though problem is traceable to a low self-esteem, children. When God granted her the somebody had flattened out her nose in a resulting from a sense of rejection by child she had fervently prayed for, she boxing match. "Don't worry about it," parents and friends. determined to make his training a she told me. "Her nose is going to be A Christian mother is uniquely supreme priority. She gave to Samuel all fine." She was right. In her love for her equipped to instill in her children not the love, faith, and moral values that child my wife chose to look beyond an only faith in God but also faith in only a believing mother can give. esthetic imperfection. The fact that a themselves, because she sees in her While Samuel was little it is doubtful mother can love the fruit of her womb children not only what they are but also that Hannah ever left him with others. like no one else enables her to communi what they can become by God's grace. When her husband invited her to go up cate love and faith to her children like no It is my personal conviction that, with him to Shiloh for the annual trip to one else can. generally speaking, mothers are better the tabernacle, the record says: "Hannah In 2 Timothy 1:5 Paul writes to young equipped than fathers to instill self-con did not go up, for she said to her Timothy: "I am reminded of your sincere fidence and self-worth in their children. husband, 'As soon as the child is faith, a faith that dwelt first in your This has been true in my personal life. I weaned, I will bring him, that he may grandmother Lois and your mother vividly recall how my father reacted appear in the presence of the Lord, and Eunice and now, I am sure, dwells in when I failed to pass the fifth-grade abide there forever' " (1 Sam. 1:22). In you." This text contains the complete government exam, which at that time in that decision alone Hannah revealed the biography of two great women of the Italy qualified a student to enter the tremendous importance she attached to New Testament. Their fame is derived academic school. He said that my failure her sacred calling to mother her child. not from having established a Dorcas to pass indicated to him that I should Because of her devotion, Hannah has set Society or some kind of Christian forget about pursuing academic studies a stirring example of the powerful women's organization, but from having and enter a vocational school instead. influence a good mother has on her transmitted to their son and grandson a Fortunately, Mother did not share the children. sense of faith and commitment to God. same view. Her motherly instinct told When Hannah took Samuel to the We can rightly assume that it must her that if I were given another chance, I tabernacle, she was painfully aware of have been quite difficult for mother would succeed. At the cost of tremen the corrupt environment. Though Eli, Eunice and grandmother Lois to train dous personal sacrifice, Mother enrolled the priest, was a good man himself, his Timothy in the fear of the Lord since his me in a private school that prepared me sons "lay with the women who served at father was a Greek (Acts 16:1), that is, during the next three years to take the the entrance to the tent of meeting" an unbelieving Gentile. A mother with eighth-grade government exam, which I (chap. 2:22). Yet Hannah left Samuel at an unbelieving husband can tell best passed. Truly I would have never become the tabernacle without great fear. She how difficult it is to impart religious a minister and a teacher were it not for knew that the God who had given her values to the children. It is possible that my mother's vision that saw in me what the child and who had given her the Timothy's father died during Timothy's others failed to see and instilled in me a wisdom and strength to communicate to infancy, since no more mention is made sense of self-worth and of mission. him love, faith, and moral values was of him. In that case, Eunice, like young Many who have been blessed by a the God who would protect her child in widows today, had to work outside her Christian mother can testify that had it the midst of a corrupt environment. home to earn a living. This may explain not been for a mother's love and faith in Hannah expresses her confidence in why his grandmother played a conspicu us, we would have never attained to our God's protection in the triumphant ous part in his religious training. present goals. It behooves all of us on prayer she offered before leaving the Eunice and Lois seem to step right out Mother's Day to thank such mothers for tabernacle. This prayer has been called of the pages of Scripture to emphasize the the many blessings that through them the forerunner of Mary's Magnificat. She vital truth stated in Proverbs 22:6: have flowed into our lives. says, for example: "He [God] will guard "Train up a child in the way he should A third vital virtue that mother is the feet of his faithful ones" (chap. 2:9). go, and when he is old he will not depart uniquely equipped to communicate to What a reassuring promise to all of us from it." her children is moral values. The per parents who are called to send our The heart of mother and grandmother ception of what is right or wrong, which children to schools or to work in places must have been heavy when they bade we call conscience, is first communi where the environment is less than ideal! Goodbye to their beloved Timothy as he cated to the impressionable minds of It is comforting to know that after we as joined Paul and Silas in their mission children by mother. During the course of parents have done our best, God will do outreach. But what comfort must have each day many situations arise when the rest in protecting the feet of our been theirs when they realized they had mother has the opportunity to teach the children, helping them to live in accor passed on to Timothy a living experi difference between obedience and dis dance with the moral values we have ence, making him a most valuable obedience, right and wrong. The moral imparted to them. worker for Paul and for God. values that mother communicates to her A second vital virtue that mother is child will often spell the difference The Keeper of the Springs uniquely equipped to communicate to between a future moral or immoral life. The late Peter Marshall, former chap her children is faith in themselves, or a Samuel's mother, Hannah, offers a lain in the United States Senate, tells a sense of self-worth. In my teaching fitting example of the lasting impact for poignant story. career I have often had pupils without good that a believing mother can make Once upon a time, a certain town

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 17 Leonie Coffin grew up at the foot of a mountain range. To ensure that all the springs that supplied water were kept clean, the city council hired a ranger who lived high up in the hills. With painstaking dedication he patrolled the hills, cleaning up every spring and pool he found, removing silt, leaves, and mud, so that the water ran Living on down clean, cold, and pure. A dramatic change occurred, how ever, when a group of hardheaded businessmen took over the administra tion of the city council. They scanned the budget for any possible waste and one wage then came to the conclusion that the salary of the keeper of the springs was a waste, especially since nobody ever saw what he did up in the hills. To save money, the council fired him, and a large reservoir was built just above the town. When the reservoir was finally built and filled with water, to the surprise of Is it really possible for or ten years my hus many, the town began experiencing no band, Jim, and I end of problems. The water tasted bad, a minister's family to have done what a lot as a green scum soon befouled its of people have told stagnant surface. The delicate live on one salary? us is totally impossi machinery of the mill was constantly ble—we have lived clogged with slime. The swans moved Our author not only on one wage. More away from the town. To make things over, we are buying our own home, have even worse, an epidemic broke out, does it but managed to feed and clothe two chil bringing sickness and sorrow to practi accomplishes this in dren, now ages 4 and 8, and have cally every home in the town. traveled extensively outside of North In desperation the city council met one of the highest America. Looking back, we feel that we again. In great sorrow they acknowl have lived quite comfortably overall. edged the blunder they had made in cost-of*living areas in I am not trying to say in this article firing the keeper of the springs. They that everyone should try to live on one sought him out and begged him to return the United States. wage. Nor am I saying that everyone to his former job, which he gladly did. could do so if he or she only wanted to He began to make his rounds, cleaning badly enough. I am merely describing up all the silt, mud, and rotten leaves what we have done, in the hope that it that had accumulated at the various might help encourage those who would springs and pools. It was not long before like to live on one wage but have been sparkling, clean water began flowing unable to do so. again to all the homes in the town. The We didn't have any great financial wheels of the mill turned again, the advantages when we started out. Jim, an stench disappeared, sickness waned, the American, had just graduated from swans came back, and everybody was Newbold College in England with a happy and healthy again. degree in theology. He chose to go to Peter Marshall explains that our Newbold, partly because he had the mothers are the keepers of the springs of wanderlust and partly because there he the family, the church, the community, could earn his degree for less than half and of our society as a whole. Their what it would cost in the United work, like that of the ranger, is often States—even after paying airfare. unnoticed, and yet it is indispensable to (Adventist theology students can still our well-being. Upon them rests the earn quality degrees for a fraction of the sacred calling of keeping the springs of price charged in the United States if they our lives pure and clean, so that faith, are willing to go to Newbold, Helderberg love, integrity, and honesty may freely College in South Africa, Antillian flow in our own lives and to others Leonie Coffin, a homemaker in Burtons- Union College in Puerto Rico, or any around us. Ultimately their influences wile, Maryland, says she is trying to achieve number of other Adventist schools will help guide us to the eternal king the kind of fulfillment by not earning money overseas. In addition to lower costs, the dom. that many people try to achieve by earning it. opportunity to live and travel in another

18 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 culture is a tremendous education in and offerings were taken out, we would itself.) have had in hand only about 40 cents for Three months after we were married every dollar earned. (Had we had to pay Since early in our we headed for Australia, where I had for child care, the picture would have marriage, Jim and I grown up and where Jim had arranged to looked even more grim.) Even though be employed as a minister on the basis of the additional money would have been have subscribed to an independent transfer—which essen nice, it would have cost us dearly in lost tially meant that we paid our own privileges and opportunities. I would not the belief that it costs transportation, worked for the wage paid have been able to drop everything and go to Australian pastors, and didn't get the on a trip with Jim. Nor could I have money to make furlough privileges granted to interdivi- spent a month at summer camp with him sion workers. We arrived in Australia each year. And I wouldn't have been money. broke. able to pursue the things that really We were nearly overwhelmed when interested me. we discovered the price of furniture. But when we saw a rustic design of living More in or less out room and dining room furniture that we Essentially, there are two ways to care liked, we decided to invest in a few tools for a problem of inadequate income— and build it ourselves. It cost us about earn more money or diminish the need $800 to buy the tools and materials to for money. During our marriage, we have build the same design we had seen in the opted for the latter. As a result, we have store for $3,300. What it lacked in never owned a new car, never dressed craftsmanship it made up for in the extravagantly or shopped at the most neighborhood—and three years and degree of pleasure it brought us. And expensive stores, and have not gone out many hours of hard work later, we had after nearly five years' use, we sold it for to eat very often, and never at expensive converted it into a roomy and comfort $1,200. restaurants. But we have always had able two-bedroom house on half an acre Since early in our marriage, Jim and I reliable transportation, been adequately of land. The final product is worth have subscribed to the belief that it costs clothed, and had lots of fun! considerably more than what we money to make money. Thus, while the One thing we have learned to do is invested in it. price tag on the rustic furniture might provide as many of our own services as While building the house and making have said $3,300, we in fact would have possible. For example, Jim is not particu the furniture took time—and certainly had to earn considerably more than that larly mechanical, but whenever possi created some inconvenience for us—it to be able to pay that much. For starters, ble, he cares for maintenance and repairs also provided a nice time of family the government would have come in for himself. When a car we owned needed a togetherness, and it let us work on a its cut, and there would have been tithe valve job, he asked a few questions of a common project. When we worked on and offerings. So to actually have had mechanic friend, tore the head off, had the house, the boys were small and the $3,300 in hand, we might have had to the valves ground, and then put the jobs they did were menial. But they had a earn $5,000. engine back together. Two or three great sense of accomplishment for hav Of course, minimizing income has its times along the way he had to ask ing carried their share of the load. They tax advantages, too. Since ministers in questions to make sure he was doing it like living in the house that "we" built. the United States can deduct parsonage correctly. But by the time he was done he For heat we burn wood, which we interest payments twice—once as par had learned a lot. usually get for free by going to where new sonage allowance, and then again as One service we don't need is credit houses are being built and trees are being interest—our living on one income has card payments. We do use a credit card bulldozed out. It takes time to cut and meant that we have been in the zero tax occasionally, but always pay off the split our fuel, but that too provides an bracket. We also have opted out of balance before any interest accrues. On opportunity for family togetherness and Social Security. But having done so, we the one occasion when we did make exercise. have to be more careful about being sure credit card payments, the annual interest Many of us today are being robbed of that we are making adequate provision was under $50. the sense of satisfaction that can be for retirement. (Jim carries sufficient When we came back to the United derived from doing things for ourselves. term life insurance and accident insur States from Australia five years ago, we Instead of going out with the family and ance to care for the boys and me should found the cost of buying a house in the planting wheat, cultivating it, harvest something happen to him.) Washington, D.C., area to be prohibi ing it, grinding it into flour, baking it Shortly after we arrived in Australia, tive. We had spent almost all our savings into bread, then sitting down to relish it, we seriously looked into the possibility of on transportation, and houses simply did we say Goodbye to the family, go off and my going to work outside the home. not exist in the price range we could work at jobs that may or may not bring us What we found was not encouraging. afford. We talked to real estate agents, satisfaction, then rush home with a The added income would have put us explaining that the only way we could mass-produced loaf bought with the into a considerably higher tax bracket, purchase a home was if it were owner- money we have earned. True, bread is we would have had to buy a second car, financed and so in need of repair that the bread. But there is a certain spiritual and I would have had to invest in a more price was greatly reduced. We ended up element that no longer is there. This is elaborate wardrobe. By the time tithe buying a large detached garage in a good not a call to return to subsistence living,

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 19 our financial tensions are probably not example, if you peruse the tithe enve much greater than we would experience lopes at most churches, you discover that It is becoming if both of us were working—they are the plan is for members to give between increasingly difficult simply at a different level. 18 percent and 25 percent of their For me, one of the biggest frustrations income to the church, depending on to live the simple life, about not working outside the home is whether they opt for the high or the low the lack of value that others place on my suggested figures. Our policy has been to and we must steel time. I have chosen not to seek remu reassess our giving patterns each year and nerated employment because there are see what percentage we feel we can give, ourselves against the other aspects of life, other uses of time, based on our current financial situation. that I feel are more important—and I pay Currently we are giving 5 percent in temptation to give in for that decision in our standard of addition to tithe (although Jim also gives living. So why must it be assumed that all the honorariums he gets for his to the pressure. merely because 1 stay at home every day, extracurricular writing, which comes to I am fair game to be called upon for any another $ 1,000 or so each year). and every good cause that is promoted by How long we will be able to continue the church, school, or community? Why living on one wage remains to be seen. do people feel free to ask me to take on Admittedly, we are still young, and our projects that they would never think of children are not facing the high educa asking of a woman who works? tional costs that they may face in a few The pressure to "keep up with the years. But the educational subsidies that but I do feel that it would be better if Joneses" is also a problem. The Advent- denominational employees receive are more people could spend a greater ist Church is becoming more affluent. not insignificant, particularly as the amount of time with the basic elements There is subtle but very real pressure— student moves up to college level. We of living—instead of feeling pressured to particularly on a pastor's wife—to dress may find ourselves unable to live on one pursue a career and earn a living. well. Congregations expect their pastor wage at some point. But the fact that we to live in a "representative" home, have been able to survive thus far— Saying No to yourself furnished in a way that meets their stan when so many people have said that even Lest I make living on one wage seem dards. Unfortunately, the expectations that is impossible—gives us hope that we too idyllic, let me say that it requires rise every year. With the almost univer will be able to continue. careful use of money. We have to be sal assumption that both husband and Already Jim is searching for some type frugal. We often have to say No to wife will be employed for remuneration, of business for the boys. One possibility is ourselves. There are some things that we it is becoming increasingly difficult to making wooden toys, such as rocking would like to do but cannot do. There live the simple life, and we must steel horses and little wagons. At first we will are times when the children would like ourselves against the temptation to give be doing much of the work. But as time things that we cannot afford. But we in to the pressure. passes, the boys can take over more and have noted that no matter how much The pressure comes even in the more. And while it is true that it will money a family takes in, there is never amount of money that people seem to be take quite a lot of our spare time, we will enough to fulfill all their desires. Thus, expected to give to the church. For still be together, working as a family.

Coffin Family Monthly Budget Tithe $220 Offering 110 Various types of insurance 60 Telephone 40 Garbage removal 12 Electricity 65 Groceries 250 Clothes 125 House payment* 700 Car payment and operation 215 Church school 100 Savings 150 Miscellaneous 83

Total $2,130

'Principal, interest, taxes, insurance.

20 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 Adventist clergy salaries

The Seventh-day Adventist Church has accepted the After approximately six years of service with seminary commission given by Jesus Christ to His disciples to training a pastor's salary will normally have increased proclaim the gospel to all the world. The church employs incrementally to 150 percent, which is $2,055. Congre many agencies to accomplish its spiritual task, but all of gation size is not considered in computing salary. A pastor its several organizations (conferences, schools, medical with a church of two thousand members receives the same institutions, food factories, publishing houses, radio and salary as the pastor of two churches with a hundred television ministries, Adventist Book Centers, et cetera) members each. have one central objective—the salvation of man. Because of this, every denominational employee has a In addition to the basic salary the minister receives four responsibility to participate in the mission of the church. additional benefits: (1) health-care assistance; (2) tuition assistance for dependent children; (3) auto insurance "To provide a basis for the remuneration of various help; (4) automobile mileage allowance. Health-care classes of workers, a denominational remuneration scale assistance is 90 percent of hospitalization up to ten times has been adopted. The philosophy of this remuneration the remuneration category he is in and 100 percent above scale is predicated upon the fact that a spirit of sacrifice that. In addition, he receives 75 percent of all physician, and dedication should mark God's workers irrespective of dental, optical, and drug costs. Tuition assistance is 30 the position they hold or the department they represent. percent for nondormitory students and 60 percent for The work of the church, including every denominational dormitory students. Automobile mileage varies greatly organization, is a mission to which lives are dedicated but is based on 16 cents a mile. Thus if his conference rather than a business or commercial venture. The allows a maximum of two thousand miles per month, he church remuneration scale does not always compensate can receive $320 extra for automobile expense. its dedicated workers in monetary units commensurate with their talents, accomplishments, and contributions, In 1983 the average salary for clergy in eleven of the but does provide workers with a modest living income, largest U.S. denominations was $20,790.' In the same which gives recognition of responsibilities borne, prepa year the Adventist pastor's salary in category C ranged ration undertaken, professional attainment, previous from $19,968 to $23,040, And in addition, he receives experience, and years of service."—"Philosophy," Remu substantial help with medical, education, and automo neration Scale (North American Division of the General bile expenses. Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, effective Jan. 1, 1985), p. 1. The average paycheck for all types of workers in the United States in 1983 was $17,544. So clergy are paid So reads part of the philosophy for remuneration of above the national norm. In Adventist circles where pay Adventist workers. Basically an Adventist pastor receives varies little from region to region it obviously pays to live the same salary whether he pastors a five-thousand-mem in some states more than others. There is great variation ber church or a small three-church district. His salary is from state to state. The average wage for all types of based on three factors: (a) preparation, education, and workers in South Dakota was $13,188 and in North dedication; (b) previous experience and achievement; Carolina $14,676, while in the District of Columbia it (c) years of service. In North America there are five was $23,842. Thirty-seven states averaged below the remuneration categories based on the cost of living in the national average of $17,544. 2 area where the employee works. The categories range from $1,290 to $1,450 per month. Each minister's salary Leonie's husband, Jim Coffin, is assis is formulated as a percentage of one of these categories. tant editor of the Adventist Review and receives $2,082 at An ordained minister will receive a minimum of 130 152 percent plus $48 flat travel allowance, which makes a percent to a maximum of 150 percent of one of these total of $2,130. He also receives the medical and categories. educational allowance. J. David Newman

For example, let us select Washington, D.C., which is 1 The Christian Century, February 8, 1984, p. 105. in category C, with a basic factor of $1,370 per month. 2 U.S. NewsandWorldReport, Feb. 18, 1985, p. 12.

MINISTRY/MAY/1986 From the Editors

Does the church need a loyal opposition?

n Britain the minor that Isaiah was put in a hollow tree and remarkable things happened. Nathan ity party is known as sawed in two. Jeremiah was cast into a led David to repent of his great sin her majesty's loyal quagmire (chap. 38:6). Zechariah was against Uriah (2 Sam. 12:13). The opposition. To stoned to death by order of the king northern kingdom returned 200,000 I oppose does not nec (2 Chron. 24:20, 21). Micaiah was women and children to their homes in essarily mean to be imprisoned and given only bread and Judah on the advice of the prophet Oded disloyal. Democratic water because he dared to disagree with (2 Chron. 28:8-14). Huldahencouraged government needs more than one party his ruler (1 Kings 22:26, 27). Elijah was Josiah in his reforms (2 Kings 22:14-20). as a check on the party in power. Is there threatened with death by the queen Samuel, who was both priest and a place in the church today for a positive, (chap. 19:2). John the Baptist was prophet, led out in the reformation in loyal opposition? In religious circles, beheaded (Matt. 14:8-11). Others "were Israel that climaxed in the great victory those who oppose are usually viewed stoned; they were sawed in two; they at Mizpah (1 Sam. 7:5-13). Daniel was with suspicion and often with hostility. were put to death by the sword. They used by God to bring about the conver If their opposition becomes too vigorous, went about in sheepskins and goat skins, sion of the greatest monarch of his time, they may be demoted or excommuni destitute, persecuted and mistreated" Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 4:27, 37). She- cated. Now it is true that the wrong (Heb. 11:37, N.I.V.). maiah reproved King Rehoboam, who motivation lies behind the opposition of Some, like the prophets, seemed to humbled himself and was saved from many—they are out to destroy rather make a career out of loyal opposition; destruction (2 Chron. 12:5-8). Peter and than help—but are all this way? Does the others are recorded as opposing only his fellow disciples helped convert thou church too need checks and balances? once or twice. Paul found it necessary to sands to Christ. No one likes to be criticized. There is rebuke Peter publicly (Gal. 2:11). The Bible makes it clear that there is a something in human nature that likes to Accompanied by eighty fellow priests, place for reproof and correction: "Those be right, that wants to be seen as being Azariah the high priest confronted who sin are to be rebuked publicly, so right. This seems especially true of those Uzziah the king as he was about to offer that the others may take warning" in positions of power, and church leaders incense on the altar in the Temple (1 Tim. 5:20, N.I.V.); "These, then, are have given us no reason to believe they (2 Chron. 26:17, 18). When Saul the things you should teach. Encourage are exempt from this desire. decreed the death of his son Jonathan, and rebuke with all authority. Do not let But God commanded some of His his courageous soldiers refused to obey anyone despise you" (Titus 2:15, servants: "Son of man, I have made you a him (1 Sam. 14:45). Perhaps the most N.I.V.); "Like an earring of gold or an watchman for the house of Israel; so hear vivid example of loyal opposition ornament of fine gold is a wise man's the word I speak and give them warning occurred when Peter replied to the high rebuke to a listening ear" (Prov. 25:12, from me" (Eze. 3:17, N.I.V.). "Cry priest who had just forbidden him to N.I.V.). aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a preach, "We must obey God rather than Rather than fearing opposition, we trumpet, and shew my people their men!" (Acts 5:29, N.I.V.). should welcome it! When there is no transgression, and the house of Jacob These individuals opposed not reproof it could be that apostasy is their sins" (Isa. 58:1). because they were traitors but because rampant. Because of Israel's great wick Because power tends to corrupt, and they were patriots. When laws, rules, edness "the word of the Lord was rare" absolute power tends to corrupt abso policies, and actions went against the (1 Sam. 3:1, N.I.V.). Could it be that lutely, even in spiritual realms, God has principles of the kingdom of heaven, loyal opposition is sent by God to warn often called individuals to serve as a loyal they spoke up and spoke out. They often and prepare us for His coming, but like opposition. This has not been a popular served as the nation's conscience, warn the leaders and people of old we are blind position. Probably most who have served ing the people of the consequences of and do not consider them as messengers were as reluctant as Jonah (Jonah 1:3) their actions. Along with messages of from the Lord? Is it possible that we are and Jeremiah were (Jer. 1:6). Many of reproof came messages of encourage in danger of suffering the same fate as the loyal opposition were ignored, and ment. Jehoiakim, who wantonly cut up and their warnings went unheeded. Others When people listened to these indi burned the messages of Jeremiah (Jer. endured worse treatment. Tradition says viduals and followed their counsel, 36:23)?

22 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 The Bible uses strong language for the dragonflies were out in full force. A tian organization than against the devil, thos'e who resist correction: "Whoever clan of purple martins had occupied then we are too often willing to take the loves discipline loves knowledge, but he several rooms in the martin house and swing. who hates correction is stupid" (Prov. were busily flying about catching insects Of course we can find many justifica 12:1, N.I.V.). But how do we know to feed their babies. tions for taking the swing, not the least when to listen? How do we tell the Being a bird-watcher, I walked over of which is doctrinal difference. I difference between a loyal opponent and toward the martin house to see what my remember reading about thousands of a malcontent? Is everyone who has an ax allies were up to. To my surprise, I Russian Christians being slaughtered by to grind from the Lord? The answers to discovered that they were bringing back other Christians because of a difference these questions will be the subject of a huge mouthfuls of dragonflies to nourish of opinion about how many fingers to use future editorial. their young. in making the sign of the cross. Even In the meantime may we have the Wait a minute, I thought. Something today Christian factions in Lebanon and courage and the wisdom to know when is wrong here. Why would the martins be Ireland regularly bomb each other. and how to cry aloud, sparing not, and eating dragonflies? They should be out But these quintessential examples of lifting up our voices like a trumpet.— catching mosquitoes instead! After all, Christian intolerance are not what con J.D.N. the dragonflies are really their allies in cern me most. Such excesses are univer the war against mosquitoes. And allies sally deplored as a disgrace to our Saviour shouldn't eat each other. by most Christians who are not directly Of course, a little reflection led me to involved. realize that the incongruity of the Less dramatic, but equally disgraceful, Allies or situation lay more in my mind than in examples of intolerance and self-alliance the actions of the martins. The birds can be found in pulpits and pews were simply acting on a very natural throughout the world. I use the term adversaries? instinct. They were making no mistake self-alliance to describe the pragmatic at all. A dragonfly is many times larger attitude I observed in the martins. than a mosquito. And if the dragonfly Self-allied preachers and people give an t age 16 I was so had caught and eaten a dozen mosquitoes appearance, by certain works, of being tenderhearted (and that day, then the martin was so much allied with God in the war against Satan, perhaps tender- the richer for having caught the eater while in reality they are allied only with headed) that I could rather than the eatee. themselves. Self-deceived, they relish hardly bring myself I came to see that the supposed pitched battle against opponents whom A to swat a mosquito. alliance I had formed around my desire to they identify as friends of Satan—after Instead of smashing destroy mosquitoes was only a figment of all, the reasoning goes, since I'm on the beasts to a bloody pulp, I would flick my imagination. Both the birds and the God's side, my opponents must be on them off my arm with my index finger. bugs that feasted on my enemies did so Satan's. But my tenderheartedness was really for their own reasons, with no considera I don't mean to imply that all differ only a product of having been raised in a tion of my desires. ences of opinion among Christians are virtually mosquito-free environment. Which all relates to something far insignificant or should be glossed over to As I became more involved in hiking and more important than my personal hatred produce a unified facade. Certainly camping, I learned to swat first and ask of mosquitoes. I also hate the devil and dangerous, even demonic, doctrines are questions later when I heard a high- consider myself an ally of God. Yet I find taught in the name of Christ. We must pitched whine approaching. A move to that not all Christians I meet consider have the courage and fortitude to oppose an area of the country where it was themselves my allies. In fact, I've found these. impossible to work in the garden after 6 some to be positively hostile or defensive But what is even more important is P.M. without donating a pint of blood toward me. Worse yet, I've caught that we be allied with God—that our confirmed me as the archnemesis of myself behaving in the same way toward forays into the field of conquest be anything that even looked like a mos other Christians. motivated by a common alliance with quito. No student of history or current events Him, not by selfish desires for gain or the In carrying out my vendetta against needs to be told that some of the fiercest need to prove self right and opponents the mosquito clan, I came to appreciate and most prolonged conflicts on earth wrong. any ally who slew one of my enemies. have been, and are being, fought With this common alliance we will be Thus snakes, frogs, toads, swallows, between rival groups of Christians. able to follow Paul's instructions found purple martins, dragonflies, and even The problem is much the same as the in Romans 14:1, "As for the man who is farmers who poured oil on their back one I discovered in the farmyard. While weak in faith, welcome him, but not for ponds were added to the cadre of those we Christians all proclaim ourselves to disputes over opinions" (R.S.V.). A whom I considered friends. be enemies of Satan and even take a few Christian with a different perspective It came as a bit of a surprise for me one swings at him now and then, in reality it should be an ally, not an opponent. day to discover that my friends weren't is often easier to be pragmatic than If we all would concentrate on being all friendly among themselves. It hap spiritual. Like the purple martins, we genuine friends of God, we would have pened while I was visiting a farmer who only have a form of enmity against God's no time, energy, or desire to fight each had a purple martin house in his yard. It enemy. And if it's easier to strike a other. And we'd have more success at was spring, and both the mosquitoes and knockout blow against another Chris fighting our real enemy.—K.R. W. MINISTRY/MAY/1986 23 Health and Religion D Galen Bosley

The effects of small quantities of alcohol

he paths we walk in the center for moral judgment, were life determine our Light and moderate found to be atrophied or shrunken. 5 ultimate destiny. The apostle Paul recognized the nega Our lifestyle does drinking is harmful to tive effect of alcohol on Spirit-inspired affect our spiritual the brain and the morality. In his letter to the Ephesians T growth. As minis he drew a sharp either/or contrast ters, we also have thought processes. between the movings of alcoholic spirits responsibility for the spiritual welfare of and the Holy Spirit on Christians: "And others, whether they be our families or The latest research be not drunk with wine, wherein is our congregations. excess; but be filled with the Spirit" We need to educate our congregations reveals some startling (Eph. 5:18). concerning things that hinder Christian To understand better the function of growth. One of these hindrances of conclusions. the brain's frontal lobes, consider a particular interest to ministers is the nineteenth-century medical case his effect of beverage alcohol. tory. Alcohol use seems to be inversely On a September afternoon in 1848 in related to church attendance. An article the little town of Cavendish, Vermont, in the January, 1986, issue of the Phineas P. Gage, a 25-year-old railroad- American Journal of Public Health reports gang foreman, had placed a charge of that lifelong abstainers and past drinkers blasting powder and a fuse into a hole in attend church more frequently than some rock. He then began to gently tamp other categories of drinkers. At all levels the charge and the inserted fuse with a (even the lowest) of alcohol consump three-foot-long tamping rod. Distracted, tion, church attendance decreased as Gage turned his head to check his crew alcohol intake increased.' when the rod struck the rock, producing And among churchgoers who drink, Since these findings other investiga a spark and setting off the blasting there is always the specter of alcoholism. tors have conducted a variety of tests, powder. Instantly the rod shot through Approximately 10 percent of any popu including psychological tests on alco Gage's grip, entered his head at the jaw, lation are prone to alcoholism. Most holic subjects,3 recording their electrical tore through his brain, exited from the ministers have had occasion to offer brain waves and sleep patterns. 4 top of his head, just behind his forehead, spiritual support to families of alcoholics. Researchers have concluded that the and flew many yards beyond Gage. Although the social effects are profound, brain of an alcoholic is like that of the Thrown back by the blast, Gage gave a the most immediate impact of alcohol aged in function as well as in appearance. few convulsive movements, but in a few ism is on the user. The physical effects of Psychological test results of alcoholic minutes he was able to speak to the men alcohol play most heavily on the heart, subjects resemble those of men twenty to gathered anxiously around him. Carried liver, and brain, though other systems thirty years older. to an ox-drawn cart, he sat up and and organs are also affected. In 1955 C. remained conscious throughout the ride B. Courville published a monograph on Moral discernment to town. He was taken to his hotel three the study of the brains of alcoholics. Of particular interest is the effect that fourths of a mile away, where, according Examination revealed that brains of alcohol has on the specific area of the to the physician's report, he was able to deceased alcoholics resemble those of brain concerned with moral discern walk with little assistance up a long flight aged men. This is true even of alcoholics ment. This is located in the frontal lobes of stairs and down a long hallway to his in only the third or fourth decade of life. z of the brain, directly behind the bones of room. Two country doctors cared for him the forehead. Courville (1955) found there until his physical recovery, which Galen C. Bosley, D.H.Sc., is a science that the size of this area of the alcoholic took two and one-half months. research associate in the Health and Tem brain was significantly decreased in Prior to his accident, Gage was perance Department of the General Confer proportion to the size of the rest of the described as a man of medium stature, ence of Seventh-day Adventists. brain. In other words, the frontal lobes, athletic build, temperate habits, and

24 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 considerable character. After the acci tant the frontal lobes are to one's moral most authorities recognize that the risk dent, though his body healed physically, judgment. In some respects, and far more from alcohol is greater than any benefit it became apparent that Phineas Gage, subtly, alcohol affects moral judgment obtained." This is especially true con the well-respected foreman, was no just as surely as the tamping rod affected sidering the recent evidence that small longer the man his crew had known.6 Phineas Gage's character. Yet, unrea amounts of alcohol have detrimental In the words of his physician, Dr. J. sonable though it may be, some people effects on brain function even when a M. Harlow, "the equilibrium, or bal believe that alcohol is beneficial to person is in the so-called sober state. ance, so to speak, between his intellec health. Over the past half decade much A standard drink contains about .48 tual faculties and animal propensities publicity has been given to a number of ounces of pure alcohol. Thus, one shot seems to have been destroyed. He is research studies suggesting that the (or jigger) of whiskey, four ounces of fitful, irreverent, indulging at times in regular ingestion of small amounts of wine, a twelve-ounce can of beer, and the grossest profanity (which was not alcohol may actually reduce the risk of three ounces of sherry all contain the previously his custom), manifesting lit coronary heart disease. This assumption same amount of alcohol (see table). tle deference for his fellows, impatient of was a result of the finding that moderate restraint or advice when it conflicts with drinking increases the level of the good Diminished abstract thinking his desires, at times . . . obstinate, yet cholesterol, called high-density lipopro- Some now believe that the use of capricious and vacillating, devising tein, or HDL. There are two different alcohol and the effects on the drinker many plans of future operation, which kinds of HDL. These are referred to as may be a continuum. 12 This theory are no sooner arranged than they are HDL2 and HDL3. Most of the early suggests that small amounts do cause abandoned in turn for others appearing studies on alcohol and heart disease some damage and that large amounts more feasible. A child in his intellectual simply placed both types of HDLs into a accelerate the rate of damage. In an early capacity and manifestations, he has the single group. 8 HDL2, or good choles study of the effects of social drinking on animal passions of a strong man. Previ terol, correlates specifically with a brain function, a consistent relationship ous to his injury, though untrained in the decrease in coronary heart disease. existed between the quantity of alcohol schools, he possessed a well-balanced Stanford researchers have found, consumed per occasion and poor test mind, and was looked upon by those who however, that social drinking raises scores. Abilities to perform abstract knew him as a shrewd, smart busi HDL3, not HDL2. HDL3 has no pro thinking, to adapt, and to form concepts nessman, very energetic and persistent tective effects against coronary heart were decreased as the amount of alcohol in executing all his plans of operation. In disease. 9 In a follow-up study, the results consumed increased. this regard his mind was radically were somewhat equivocal in that both In a 1982 American Journal of Public changed, so decidedly that his friends HDL2 and HDL3 were increased. 10 So Health article, E. S. Parker and associates and acquaintances said he was 'no longer the effect of alcohol on heart disease is reported the findings of a study con Gage.' " 7 still in question. Even if alcohol were ducted in Detroit on 1,024 male and This case history shows how impor shown to reduce heart disease, however, female social drinkers. Evaluation of the

In 1848 an explosion drove a 3-foot-long iron rod through Phineas P. Gage's head. Though he miraculously survived the accident, the resultant brain damage changed his personality. (Reproduced from American Journal of Medical Science 39 [1850]: 13.) MINISTRY/MAY/1986 25 able to calculate that the increase of only the effects of alcoholism on the brain and one drink per drinking occasion caused a its ability to function. 21 To determine the Research has found decrease in abstract or high-order think point at which alcohol consumption an impairment of ing performance in the sober state begins brain damage, Cala examined equivalent to the addition of 2.4 years heavy drinkers, using CAT scans, and moral discernment and 3.7 years to the individual's age, found brain shrinkage already in prog respectively. 15 ress. 22 Using the same CAT scan proce with an intake of And the consumption of alcohol dure, she then examined a group of coupled with aging has an additive individuals considered to be moderate to only one to two effect. Drs. M. K. Jones and E. S. Parker light drinkers. Of thirty-nine drinkers and their respective colleagues were able tested, thirty were found to have some ounces of alcohol. to show that alcohol causes greater brain shrinkage, with frontal lobes bear neuropsychological deficits with greater ing the first signs. 23 Thus far the results of use and that this effect becomes still these studies indicate that the amount of greater with the increasing age of the alcohol intake to cause brain shrinkage is subject. 16 Showing similar impairments less than two ounces, or approximately in relation to alcohol use, Dr. R. four drinks. Research has also found an Hannon commented that it is impressive impairment of moral discernment with that both male and female subjects who an intake of only one to two ounces of are young and bright and who have a alcohol. 24 drinking habits revealed that the men drinking history of only a few years It must be remembered that brain drank an average of twelve times per should show these effects of decreased shrinkage and brain function impair month with an intake of two drinks high-order thinking in the sober state. 17 ment occur at an alcohol-intake level of (about one ounce of alcohol) per occa Although alcoholics, by definition a light social drinker who may never sion. Research analysis of the data from consume more than fifty liters of pure have been intoxicated. "It was found," this group after neuropsychological tests alcohol per year and some as much as 130 said one researcher, "that the pro found that an average alcohol intake of liters, findings of decreased performance gression in the degree of cerebral atrophy 1.3 ounces per occasion (about two and on mental ability tests are found in light in the social drinkers follows the same one-half drinks) is sufficient to cause social drinkers consuming as little as four trend line as does that in the patients diminished brain function on tests to liters per year, 18 a finding also supported with alcoholism, but that the degree of measure memory and abstract think- by others. 19 This is roughly equivalent to atrophy was greater in the latter ing- 13 one third of an ounce of alcohol per day group." 25 In addition, after studying In addition, in both men and women (eight ounces of beer, three ounces of liver enzyme tests to determine the who drank at least once per week, wine, or two thirds of a jigger of occurrence of liver damage, Cala con abstract thinking ability decreased as whiskey). As alcohol consumption cluded that it becomes apparent that alcohol intake increased. It is important increases to the heavy social drinking with alcoholic beverage use, brain dam to note that all testing in this study was level, the ability to recall events and age occurs before clinical tests can show conducted on sober individuals who had information is also impaired. 20 liver damage. 26 These findings are of not drunk for at least twenty-four hours profound significance; the abnormalities prior to testing. H Brain shrinkage in these subjects are not gross intellec Parker and colleagues in the Detroit In Australia Dr. L. A. Gala and tual impairments, but subtle impair study and in a California study were also associates have for many years studied ments in high-order thinking. The

Alcoholic Beverage Volume of a Standard Drink* Amount of Pure Alcohol Per Standard Drink

BEER 12oz.,or360ml. 1/2 oz., or 15 ml.

WINE 4oz., or 120ml. 1/2 oz., or 15 ml.

WHISKEY 1.25 oz., or 40 ml. 1/2 oz., or 15 ml.

A standard drink in Australia and England is somewhat smaller and contains approximately 11 milliliters of pure alcohol per drink.

26 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 changes are so insidious that they can be it be that the old stand taken by the likened to those of aging. This higher Protestant churches against the use of order of thinking separates us from the alcohol kept the church strong? Could it Can a minister who rest of the animal kingdom. Man was be that with the effects of alcohol drinks socially truly created in the image of God, with the lessening moral discernment, the pres ability to think, to discern, and to make ent liberal stand on alcohol is part of the direct his flock if his individual decisions. erosion of present-day Christian The decision-making and moral churches? Can a minister who drinks moral discernment values centers of the human character socially truly direct his flock if his moral reside in the frontal lobes of the brain. discernment and decision-making are as and decision-making Interestingly, the cells of this part of the impaired as the evidence indicates? brain are among the smallest, and they These questions must be answered by the are as impaired as the appear to be the most sensitive to church and its leadership as well as by evidence indicates? damage from alcohol. Anything that each minister and church member. affects this area of the brain will also affect moral judgment as well as the individual's willpower. 1 A. M. Eward, E. Wolfe, P. Moll, and E. There is also some good news for Hamburg, "Psychological and Behavioral Factors drinkers from this research. In their Differentiating Past Drinkers and Lifelong attempts to understand the effects of Abstainers," American Journal of Public Health 76, No. 1 (1986): 68-70. alcohol on the brain, researchers studied 2 C. B. Courville, Effects of Alcohol on the eleven social drinkers who were willing Nervous System of Man (Los Angeles: San Lucas 14 E. S. Parker and E. P. Noble, "Alcohol and to abstain from alcohol for six months or Press, 1955), p. the Aging Process in Social Use Drinkers," Journal 3 See L. K. Fitzhugh, K. Fitzhugh, and R. of Studies on Alcohol 41, No. 1 (1980): 170- 178. longer. 27 Though the brain does not Reitan, "Adaptive Abilities and Intellectual 15 Parker, "Cognitive Patterns ... in Male replace dead cells, in ten of the eleven Functioning of Hospital Alcoholics: Further Con Social Drinkers," pp. 46-52. subjects in this study, not only did brain siderations," Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 16 M. K. Jones and B. M. Jones, "The Relation 26 (1965): 402-411; G. B. Kish and T. M. ship of Age and Drinking Habits to the Effects of atrophy stop, but there was actually a Cheney, "Impaired Abilties in Alcoholism: Mea Alcohol on Memory in Women," Journal of Studies partial reversal of the process. The sured by General Aptitude Test Battery," Quarterly on Alcohol 41, No. 1 (1980): 179-185. See also Journal of Studies on Akohol 30, No. 2 (1969): Parker, "Alcohol and the Aging Process," pp. alcohol-affected frontal lobes of the 384-388. 170-178. brain can be likened to a shriveled arm 4 ]. Smith, L. Johnson, and J. Burdick, "Sleep, 17 R. Hannon, C. L. Day, A. M. Butler, A. J. coming out of a cast. Cells that have Psychological and Clinical Changes During Alco Larson, and M. Casey, "Alcohol Consumption hol Withdrawal in NAD-Treated Alcoholics," and Cognitive Functioning in College Students," been near death or reduced in size may be Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 32 (1971): Journal of Studies on Alcohol 44, No. 2 (1983): restored to their full capacity with the 982-984. 283-298. 5 Courville, op. cit. , p. 18 E. S. Parker and E. P. Parker, "Alcohol termination of alcohol use, much as an 6 A. T. Steegmann, "Dr. Harlow's Famous Consumption and Cognitive Functioning in Social arm returns to its former strength and size Case: The Impossible Accident of Phineas P. Drinkers," Journal of Studies on Alcohol 38, No. 7 with the return of movement and use. Gage," Surgery 52, No. 6 (1962): 952-958. (1977): 1224-1232. 'J. M. Harlow, "Passage of an Iron Rod 19 Jones, loc. cit. These researchers found that the Through the Head," Boston Medical and Surgical 20 J. N. MacVane, N. Butters, K. Montgomery, density of both the gray matter and white Journal^, No. 20 (1848): 389-393. and J. Farber, "Cognitive Functioning in Men matter of the brain increased toward 8 W. P. Castelli, J. P. Doyle, T. Gordon, and Social Drinkers: A Replication Study," Journal of C. G. Hames, "Alcohol and Blood Lipids: The Studies on Alcohol 43, No. 1 (1982): 81-95. normal, though there was not full Cooperative Lipoprotein Phenotyping Study," The 21 L. A. Gala, "C. T. Demonstration of the recovery, with the cessation of alcohol Lancet!, No. 8030 (1977): 153-155. Early Effects of Alcohol on the Brain," in M. use. If with today's technology of CAT 9 W. L. Hasekll, C. Camargo, Jr., P. T. Plenum, ed., Recent Developments in Alcoholism Williams, K. M. Vranizan, R. M. Krauss, F. T. (New York: Plenum Press, 1985), vol. 3, pp. scans we are able to detect these subtle Lindgren, and P. D. Wood, "The Effect of 253-264. adverse effects of small quantities of Cessation and Resumption of Moderate Alcohol 12 L. A. Gala, f. L. Mastaglia, and B. Wiley, Intake on Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Sub- "Brain Atrophy and Intellectual Impairment in alcohol, what will the technology of fractions," New England Journal of Medicine 310, Heavy Drinkers—A Clinical, Psychometric and tomorrow re veal? No. 13 (1984): 805-810. Computerized Tomography Study," Australian and Because the consumption of alcohol is 10 C. A. Camargo, Jr., P. T. Williams, K. M. New Zealand Journal of Medicine 8, No. 2 (1978): Vranizan, J. J. Albers, and P. D. Wood, "The 147-153. so widespread, and in light of recent Effect of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Serum 23 L. A. Gala, B. Jones, P. Burns, R. E. Davis, research, many authorities are trying to Apolipoproteins A-l and A-ll: A Controlled N. Stenhouse, and F. L. Mastaglia, "Results of determine if there is a safe level of Study," Journal of the American Medical Association Computerized Tomography, Psychometric Testing 253, No. 19 (1985): 2854-2857. and Dietary Studies in Social Drinkers With consumption. So far research seems to 11 J. J. Barboriak, H. W. Gruchow, and A. J. Emphasis on Reversibility After Abstinence," indicate that 1.4 ounces, or 2.8 drinks, Anderson, "Alcohol Consumption and the Diet- Medical Journal of Australia 2, No. 6 (1983): Heart Controversy," Alcoholism: Clinical and 264-269. per day for men will avoid brain shrink Experimental Research 7, No. 1 (1983): 31-34. Also 24 F. FinchamandJ. Barling, "Effects of Alcohol age. For women the quantity is consid see A. Comfort, "Alcohol as a Social Drug and on Moral Functioning in Male Social Drinkers," ered to be approximately half that Health Hazard," The Lancet 1, No. 8374 (1984): The Journal of Genetic Psychology 134 (1979): 443, 444. 79-88. amount. But note that this is only for 12 R. S. Ryback, "The Continuum and Speci 25 Gala, "Results of Computerized Tomography brain shrinkage. An average of less than ficity of the Effects of Alcohol on Memory: A . . .Studies,"pp. 264-269. one drink per day is still related to brain Review," Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 3 2, 26 Cala, "C. T. Demonstration of the Early No. 4 (1971): 995-1016. Effects of Alcohol, "pp. 253-264. dysfunction. Is it then logical or reason 13 E. S. Parker, D. A. Parker, J. A. Brody, and 11 L. A. Cala, P. Burns, R. Davis, and B. Jones, able for one to consider using alcohol as a R. Schoenberg, "Cognitive Patterns Resembling "Alcohol-related Brain Damage—Serial Studies Premature Aging in Male Social Drinkers," Alco After Abstinence and Recommencement of possible means of slightly reducing his or holism: Clinical and Experimental Research 6, No. 1 Drinking," Australian Alcohol/Drug Review 3, No. 2 her risk of coronary heart disease? Could (1982): 46-52. (1984): 127-140. MINISTRY/MAY/1986 27 Computer Corner D Kenneth R. Wade

Status check Origins A must for your reading or me it's time for a extent, but on the other hand, almost list and church library status check. Which every personal computer user I know got isn't to say that it's started simply by buying a machine, Origins is one of the few profes time to find out what getting some software, and wading sional journals in the United States program or mode I'm through the manuals all alone. But devoted to creationism. Here are a running in. I happen there's a big fallacy in the sort of logic few past topics: to know that since that takes a random sampling of com • The search for Noah's ark I'm doing word processing on an IBM- puter users and draws conclusions from PC compatible, I'm using my PC-Write that without taking into account the • Mt. Saint Helens and interpre word processing program. Which, by the thoughts of would-be users and nonusers. tations of the past way, is probably the best dollar-wise What I mean is that it's likely that the • Rates of sedimentation value in word processing in the world success of my friends at learning com today. You can get it for free if you know puter use on their own is rooted in their • Teaching of creationism in a friend who has it (it's public domain, own interest and native patience and public schools and far from being copy-protected, it's ability. What I want to know is Are there • Relation of science to religion copy-encouraged). Or you can do as I a lot of pastors who haven't begun using a • Problems with radiometric dat did, and send $10 to Quicksoft, 219 First computer simply because they feel over ing, especially C-14 N., No. 224, Seattle, Washington whelmed at the prospect of learning 98109, and get the latest version of this how? • Fossil footprints in the Grand powerful always-being-updated-and- If you're in that category, I'd like to Canyon improved processor. hear from you. And I'd like to know what Origins is published by a group of The status check I need to make now lengths you'd be willing to go to to get professional scientists with advanced is with those of you who read Computer training in specifically pastoral uses of academic degrees and has a proven Corner. How's it going, you computer computers. track record of success, having just users, and nonusers, and maybe-some- I know of at least one college that has completed its twelfth year of publica day users? I'm specifically interested to expressed interest in providing a seminar tion. Published twice a year, Origins know what you're thinking about com on computer use for pastors. Would a costs only $4 for an annual subscrip puters in the church by now. week-long seminar on pastors and com tion. You can't afford to be without it! I've heard from lots of users who are puters at a nearby college be attractive? Back issues are available at $2.50 very satisfied and from a few who are Or would a correspondence course be apiece, and an index to Vols. 1-10 is dissatisfied. So now I'm most interested more attractive? Would you feel better supplied upon request. in hearing from nonusers and maybe- about sitting down with someone who someday users to know what questions can help you solve your problems, or you need answered before you make your would you feel comfortable just working D I want to subscribe! Enclosed is $4 for a year's subscription. Please rush my first copy to final decision on whether or not to take them out on your own? me at the address below: the plunge. No doubt many others have been kept Name ______The reason for my interest in these out of the computer market by price. If questions is that I've been talking with a that's the case for you, how expensive is Address. pastor who has training in the computer too expensive? If a good pastor-oriented City__ field and who has his own computer. He package were available for between has suggested that what many pastors $1,000 and $1,500, would that elimi State. .Zip. may need is a basic course in the use of nate the price objection? Make checks payable to: computers in order to be prepared to I'm interested in hearing from you on Geoscience Research Institute Loma Linda University make right decisions and get the full these issues and also on how Computer Loma Linda, California 92350 benefit from a computer if they choose to Corner can be most helpful to you. Write Payment in U.S. funds must accompany order. buy one. to me at MINISTRY, 6840 Eastern Avenue I tend to agree with him to a certain NW., Washington, D.C. 20012.

28 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 •..;••Pix)blem •• ' " •'. ' ' Solving' .,..".• . " /• : °f

HOW TO MANAGE CONFLICT CREATIVELY

©£;?©;£^ :^"©£i<©9;: >*©;^-©;^^

; >4^ ;^/©;?^^^

Other Continuing Education Courses ORDER FORM

^::-:>mmm^fBji&':!^, .-^•''•"'eoMisFQ'1 x'r .- r-^ADVfitsrciiJK^'-* Send to: ,"i..v;;.-?wagssii(eBV "--i '•rV^V'-.^BE^r^1.-';.-'-'^ 'w .'-- ;".-.- 1$" ?•}::- ,-r;' Continuing Education for Ministry, c/o CDS, ' ,;* ',-,:,•",.> ' ' • >• • • ..',»ol,;'.«"' ,rf!V "'' '•„•" • ', ;••• ;. „'••''-,• ;; •., •-,i : i:": ^-.'^JRliEP''/:;:/;1' ;;; 'l-*.;<:l ;&$&£&:,*.;.•<;; 6840 Eastern Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 200 1 2 >V.;'SSLVAltON".'-' ; J ;•"*-: '•/.';v'.'Sy,-f7;,::,'; " " :' .' v- GROWKl:'" .-.:-'. Qtj Each Total ; ; :-/'' - ;,.''/ijf;1' • ,:<•'••;•'•'= :" Chaplain; Larty Yieagley :•-• ',-'••' /J","fe'- •.• •''••••••'. HCM-7012 Preaching Your Way to Better Preaching $ 7.50 ; ' ;i*..|^BBy.1i^Ke^ad|b . • Dr. Roger Dudley • , !Ans

(Make check payable ro Continuing Education for Ministry) abortion.—C. W. Kirkpatrick, Retired A loving touch is a part of keeping Minister, United Church of Christ, your wife happy. LETTERS Springfield, Massachusetts. She looks like a little puppy dog who is From page 2 being congratulated for doing something ably more worth than protoplasm or egg good. white. One such example would be Cosmic abortion The picture looks like the husband is Exodus 21:22, 23. The clear teaching, John and Millie Youngberg say ("The condescending to the wife. except to the obtuse, is that if a fetus is Reborn and the Unborn," November, Her hair is much too coiffured, and prematurely born because of two men's 1985) that God could have aborted the the smile appears phony and strained. negligence, and subsequently dies, then human race shortly after the Fall in a the men are to be executed. kind of cosmic abortion, but that God Reverend I have a question for Mr. Paulson. It is chose not "cosmic abortion, but cosmic Please leave Reverend on my address similar to the one with which he sacrifice.'' I would humbly suggest that if label of your fine magazine. Its use is concludes his letter. Could it be that the you read Genesis again, you will find that commonplace in my tradition and goes so-called Christian argument for abor God actually did practice a kind of back to the fifteenth century, when, as tion denotes moral hyposensitivity, cosmic abortion. Down through the now, it was "an epithet of respect applied coupled with self-induced ignorance of centuries the church has always called it to the clergy." what the Scriptures actually do say, the Flood. "And the Lord was sorry that I do not shun respect, and if in because we turn our attention from the he had made man on the earth, and it accepting it I am being audacious (which most basic issue—the right to life—to grieved him to his heart. So the Lord my dictionary defines as "bold, spirited, inordinate worry about such issues as said, 'I will blot out man whom I have adventurous"), then I accept that epi nuclear war?—Robert E. Hays, Lawton, created from the face of the ground, man thet too. Oklahoma. and beast and creeping things and birds My dictionary also gives "impudent of the air, for I am sorry that I have made and presumptuous" as meanings for Paulson's letter in the January issue of them' " (Gen. 6:6, 7, R.S.V.). —Rev. audacious. The use of first names rather MINISTRY disturbs me not a little. He David Hampton, Phoenix, Oregon. than Miss, Mr., or Reverend often writes, "Many ancient moral codes carries these secondary meanings in condemned abortion, but the Bible common social exchange. I believe that doesn't." In the Bible the sixth com Cover perceptions proper titles can have a meaningful place mandment declares, "Thou shalt not Attached is an unedited series of in human relationships, Mr. Walker's kill." At what age of the fetus does this spontaneous responses of college stu amazement notwithstanding (Letters, commandment apply? Does it apply to dents to the cover of the November issue November, 1985).—Rev. J. Thompson human life only after the child is born? of MINISTRY. I gave [the] students in an Brown, Birmingham, Alabama. When does the "personhood" begin? upper-division general studies course a Does the Bible condemn smoking piece of paper and asked them to write The word reverend has (long ago) tobacco? Will Brother Paulson please down their first impressions on the come to mean nothing more than explain?—Pastor Jeremia Florea, Bee picture and caption, 'Keeping Your Wife "licensed or ordained." It is just a Branch, Arkansas. Happy!' They were amazed at the range title—a very helpful title. It lends no and the intensity of perceptions among sense of awe or worship to anyone. But This is to commend you for publishing themselves. Their responses illustrate this title does make the work of the the excellent letter about abortion by the difficulties an editorial staff faces minister much easier; it lends quick Kevin Paulson in your January issue. In today.—Ernest J. Bursey, College Place, entrance to many places and adds much the course of his very perceptive Washington. to the influence of the minister when remarks, he makes a very good point— She's got a nice smile. dealing with the secular world. —Rev. one that is overlooked by most commen Her smile is crooked. If your wife isn't Mrs. Bonetta C. Rabe, Norwalk, Cali tators—as he notes that the Bible does happy, you have a big problem. fornia. not expressly prohibit abortion. To me It is probably a good idea. this means that Christians of the pro- I see a couple in love. They appear to Loving wife choice persuasion have every right to be very happy. Although I sent in my address change assume that full personhood does not A warm feeling; I like to see people before my move, it has been five months come into being until birth. The right- smiling, especially women. since I received MINISTRY. This could be to-lifers, of course, will continue to Sex sells—women, an object that can classified as an unforgivable act of sin. believe it begins at conception—and be pacified. Please make all necessary arrange indeed it does for them. I should think There, there, darling, Daddy will take ments to change my address. Not this conception (no pun intended) care of you. receiving MINISTRY is almost like not would satisfy everyone. So why do we Due to the appearance of the woman's receiving letters from your loving wife keep on arguing about it—ad infinitum? face, I would say it gives the impression when you are away from home. By the Let us rather use our wisdom and that women need to be cared for—help way! Add my name and address to your compassion to try to devise ways and less. monthly subscribers' list and bill me means of preventing unplanned preg Looks like total domination, willingly accordingly. There is a lot of "beef in nancies, which is, after all, the best way given. MINISTRY.—Fr. Terenig Kondralian, to confront and battle the horror of That's nice. Good idea. Cleveland, Ohio. 30 MINISTRY/MAY/1986 Shop Talk

^ 20 lessons on 95 theses unused sermons in order Morris Venden's behind the divider, and the Stretch your mind "Ninety-five Theses on next one in your sequence Righteousness by Faith," will always be the one just Improve your skills which appears in this issue, behind the divider.—From will be published in a set of Fannie L. Houck, Port twenty Bible studies, by Townsend, Washington. Pacific Press Publishing Association of Nampa, Mental archeology Ministry Idaho, later this year. Con Archaeology of the Mind, tact the press or your local Professional Growth Seminars by E. Randall Binns, from Adventist Book Center for which we have excerpted further information. this month's article "The May 1986 Mosaic Sanctuary," is avail able from Bookservice, 89 Continuing education via 45th St., Berrien Springs, North Dakota Pennsylvania satellite May 5, Bismarck May 28, Philadelphia Michigan 49103, for US$12 Pastor William Brigden May 6, Fargo For more information of Healy, Kansas, recently postpaid. call Joseph Nicosia South Dakota (215) 692-6918 "attended" two pastoral May 7, Sioux Falls continuing education Picture postcards May 8, Rapid City courses that came to his Pastor Earl C. Carver, For more information church via satellite. He has 163 West Frederick St., call Ben Liebelt prepared a three-page bro Millersville, Pennsylvania (605) 224-8868 Topics include: chure describing use of a 17551, thanks all those who Alaska • Expository Preaching dish antenna to receive sat have sent him picture post ellite programming. He May 12, Anchorage • Styles of Leadership cards of their churches and For more information even suggests how you can asks us to note his new call Stephen McPherson • Motivating Volunteers persuade your church to buy address. He's still collect (907) 346-1004 • Pastoral Counseling a receiver. ing, so send him a card if • Preaching From Daniel For a free copy of the you have one. Pennsylvania brochure, send a self- May 13, Pittsburgh • Short-term Marriage addressed envelope with For more information Guidance Counseling two stamps to Pastor Brig- Corrections call George Crutchfield den at Healy United Meth In "Ordination of (412) 443-6867 odist Church, Healy, Kan Women: A Question of Ohio sas 67850. Status or Function?" (Octo May 14, Kettering ber, 1985) the statement For more information was made that no woman call Al Brendel Keeping sermons in order has held the office of con (513) 298-4331 If you store your sermons ference treasurer since Colorado in one folder or one specific 1950. This is incorrect. May 15, Denver area of your filing cabinet, Helen L. Turner served as For more information Participants Receive here's a tip for keeping treasurer of the Southwest call Glen Sackett Continuing Education things in order. Use a 10" by Region Conference from (303) 778-1955 Credit 12" cardboard divider to 1982 until 1985. keep the already-used mate In "Women for Christ" Each all-day seminar is designed for pastors and church rials separate from the (December, 1985), Petra workers. MINISTRY'S commitment to Biblical authority, unused. Sukau's name was omitted professional competence, and spiritual enrichment will Insert the cardboard in from among the women prepare you for more effective ministry in today's world. the front to begin with; who spoke at the meetings. Clergy of all faiths testify that MINISTRY seminars are then as you use a sermon, Her message appeared in an exciting opportunity for personal growth. refile that sermon in front of the March issue of the divider. Keep the MINISTRY. MINISTRY/MAY/1986 31 Biblio File §>

The Abaddon Conspiracy mind of any pastor. It is a revelation of Raymond S. Moore, Bethany House Pub one man's life, it is full of illustrations, £ as lishers, 1985, 156 pages, $4.95, paper. and it can especially encourage those Reviewed by Ella M. Rydzewski, editorial facing problems. IF 1 secretary, MINISTRY. J. B. Phillips' story is one of struggles rt- •-" 3 „ X- In provocative story form, educator and successes, joys and disappointments, „ Cu I Cu c = "i _ Raymond Moore exposes Satan's con light and darkness. In telling his story, Z OZ —S (t a> spiracy against the Creator and His he records with clear and deep under creation. With the assistance of a standing the events of his early life, his familiar heavenly guide the storyteller is work as curate, his success as a translator, shown the war between good and evil— but supremely his work as a minister of Christ and Satan. He learns of Lucifer's Christ. Many a pastor will be plan for our planet. If you ever suspected encouraged, rebuked, and moved to a board meetings were of the devil, you deeper commitment. will find encouragement from this nar Here also is page after page of fresh and rative as Lucifer conducts his own pertinent illustrations for the preacher. version of management by objective. A few examples: "We get the impression At the first meeting Lucifer assures his from some recent books that God only t" followers of victory and tells them, "Our exists by kind permission of human long-range plan takes many forms. It beings." Of a couple who came to hear begins with bringing death to the earth." him speak: " 'You know, Dr. Phillips, In keeping with an efficient organiza we've driven two hundred miles to hear tional format, Lucifer gives his assistants you speak'—I couldn't help replying, time to express their opinions, relate suc 'Well, thank you, but where I come from cesses, and give him praise—all this is there are thousands who would not even designed to heighten employee morale cross the road to do that.' " Quoting one and encourage them to carry out his of his colleagues: " 'When I was an purposes. Among his administrative undergraduate the underlying message executives are such interesting charac was "Come to Jesus"; today it is "Give to ters as Raa ("evil"), Arium, and his Oxfam." ' " deputy Nabal. But Lucifer is clearly in Success brought its pressures, and control of his corporation. He tells the Phillips suffered what we call a nervous assembled host, "Oh, you may offer breakdown. His record of that harrowing counsel, but you must unfailingly follow experience should encourage all who the established channels through your "walk through the valley of the shadow commanders. On all matters of policy my of death." It should make all who enjoy word is final. I expect loyalty, total good health and strength more sympa obedience. You have no other choice." thetic and understanding toward those Lucifer delights in bureaucracy. And who lack these blessings. It should create where will it end? an understanding of how precious to all Not only is Moore's book entertain are the compassions of Christ. ing, but through fantasy he helps us grasp Bible credits: Texts credited to N.E.B. are from the reality of the face of evil and feel its The New English Bible. © The Delegates of the hopeless but unacknowledged bondage. Oxford University Press and the Syndics of the We sense the vast gulf between the Cambridge University Press 1961, 1970. Reprinted by permission. Texts credited to N.I.V. strategies of God and those of Satan, and are from The Holy Bible: New International Version. are keenly aware that we have a vital role Copyright © 1973, 1978, International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Bible to play in this cosmic conflict. Publishers. Texts credited to N.K.J.V. are from The New King James Version. Copyright © 1979, The Price of Success 1980, 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc., Publishers. Texts credited to R.S.V. are from the Revised J. B. Phillips, Hodder and Stoughton, Standard Version of the Bible, copyrighted 1946, London, 222 pages, £12.95. Reviewed by 1952© 1971, 1973. Bible texts credited to T.E.V. Patrick Boyle, Stewardship and Sabbath are from the Good News Bible—Old Testament: Copyright © American Bible Society 1976; New School Director, South England Conference Testament: Coypright © American Bible Society of Seventh-day Adventists. 1966, 1971, 1976. Verses markedT.L.B. are taken from The Living Bible, copyright© 1971 byTyndale This posthumously published auto House Publishers, Wheaton, 111. Used by permis- biography cannot help engaging the

32 MINISTRY/MAY/1986