DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security and Coping Mechanisms of Farmers in Boricha District Southern Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security and Coping Mechanisms of Farmers in Boricha District Southern Ethiopia International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 2021; 5(2): 29-41 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijaos doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20210502.13 ISSN: 2640-1142 (Print); ISSN: 2640-1150 (Online) The Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security and Coping Mechanisms of Farmers in Boricha District Southern Ethiopia Berhanu Majo Biology Department, Hawassa College of Teacher Education, Hawassa, Ethiopia Email address: To cite this article: Berhanu Majo. The Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security and Coping Mechanisms of Farmers in Boricha District Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Vol. 5, No. 2, 2021, pp. 29-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20210502.13 Received: June 27, 2021; Accepted: July 16, 2021; Published: August 27, 2021 Abstract: The rapid growth of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of human activities such as burning fossil fuels is raising the Earth’s temperature and leading to climate change. This results in variability in precipitation, the prevalence of more extreme weather events, and shifting seasons. The accelerating pace of climate change, combined with population growth, will also threaten food security. Climate change will result in irreparable ecological degradation and possibly the reduction of agricultural productivity in many parts of the World with serious consequences for food security. This paper investigated the impacts of climate variability on food security and coping mechanisms of farmers in Boricha district of Ethiopia by using meteorological, agricultural and socio-economic survey data. The study employed various data analysis methods such as computing the coefficient of rainfall variability, estimating the impact of rainfall and temperature change on agricultural productivity, and analyzing coping strategies of the local communities in response to climate extreme events. The coefficient of rainfall variation results show that rainfall variability has significant and negative impacts on agricultural productivity in the Boricha district. Moreover, linear regression model outputs for the relationship between rainfall and crop yields indicate that rainfall variability has been significantly affecting agricultural productivity in the district. Results from the multinomial logistic model for multi-choice coping/adaptation mechanisms also show that different socio- economic factors such as education level and age of household head, family size, farm income and livestock ownership affect how households cope with extreme climate events. This research suggests that policies should introduce adaptation measures outlined by existing rural communities such as inter-cropping, livelihood diversification and early maturing crops to incorporate indigenous knowledge to ensure food security and sustain the economic growth of the country. Keywords: Climate Change, Food Security, Coping Mechanisms, Agricultural Productivity, Impact, Regression Models, Boricha human-related influences. 1. Introduction Humans are relatively new comers in the vast scale of the The environment of our planet is in a state of continuous Earth’s geological history, but we have become agents of change at alarming rate. United State Global Change environmental change, at least on timescales of decades to Research Program (USGCRP) [20] stated that climate system centuries. Although some early societies had negative is highly variable, with conditions changing significantly impacts on their surroundings, others lived in relative over the span of seasons, from year to year, and over longer harmony with nature. In modern times, however, growing timescales. Many scientific observations indicate that the human populations and the power of our technology have Earth may be undergoing a period of relatively rapid change heightened concern about what we are doing to our on timescales of decades to centuries, when compared to environment [2]. historical rates of change. Much scientific evidences also Human influences include industrial activities which emit indicate that these changes are the results of both natural and a variety of atmospheric pollutants, burning of fossil fuels International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 2021; 5(2): 29-41 30 which lead to emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), experienced considerable water stress as a result of alteration of the land’s surface for example due to insufficient and unreliable rainfall, changing rainfall patterns, deforestation, burning of biomass and vegetation which also inadequate storage and uneven distribution of rain during the produce GHGs and particulate soot, agricultural practices year. For Africa, it is estimated that 25% of the population which produce methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). approximately 200 million people currently experience water These human activities have significantly altered the stress, with more countries expected to face high risks in the atmosphere, particularly its composition resulting in future. This may, in turn, leads to increased food and water increased acidity in the atmosphere, production of pollutants, insecurity for at risk populations, undermining socio- elevated level of GHGs and threats to the ultraviolet-filtering economic growth [15, 17]. ozone layer in the stratosphere. These gases also produce a Over 80% of Ethiopia’s 80 million people live in rural greenhouse effect by allowing incoming solar radiant energy areas and are heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture. This to penetrate to the Earth’s surface while reabsorbing infrared makes them extremely vulnerable to changes in weather radiation emanating from it and not letting this radiation to conditions. Over the last four decades, there have been a scape to the outer atmosphere [12]. number of severe famines at least partly triggered by Of all the climatic factors, the seasonal and inter-annual droughts in Ethiopia [1]. Therefore, Ethiopia is likely to be variations in precipitation and temperature are most crucial vulnerable to climate change. The Government of Ethiopia’s for rain-fed agriculture and also for runoff irrigated National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) process of 2007 production. Spatial and temporal variation in precipitation identified arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas of the plays a great role for both rain-fed and irrigated agricultural country as being most vulnerable to drought. The systems [3]. The day-to-day variability of rainfall associated vulnerability assessment based on the existing information with weather is also the major risk factor for agricultural and a rapid assessments carried out under the Ethiopian productivity. Moreover, the variability in rainfall intensity National Meteorological Agency [14] has indicated that the and duration makes agricultural production and productivity most vulnerable sectors to climate variability and change are very difficult in relation to long-term climate variability to agriculture, water and human health. anticipate [3]. African agriculture is already under stress as a This study therefore was conducted to examine the impact result of population increase, industrialization and urbaniza- of climate variability on food security and livelihoods, with tion, competition over resource use, degradation of resources, particular emphasis on the effects of rainfall and temperature and insufficient public spending for rural infrastructure and variation on crop and livestock productivity and socio- services [11]. The impact of climate change is likely to economic impacts, as well as investigation of the coping exacerbate these stresses even further. capacity of the farmers in the Boricha district of southern A number of countries in Sub Saharan Africa already Ethiopia. Figure 1. Administrative location of Boricha woreda. 31 Berhanu Majo: The Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security and Coping Mechanisms of Farmers in Boricha District Southern Ethiopia 2. Materials and Methods in-depth analysis of climate change impacts and coping capacity in the households and communities visited within 2.1. Description of the Study Area the four kebeles of the study area. Both primary and Boricha woreda is found in Sidama maize belt zone which secondary data sources were used. The primary data were covers the lowest areas of Sidaama administrative region, collected by using structured questionnaires and interviews including parts of Hawassa, Dale, Aleta Wondo, Dara, Bensa for households. On the other hand, secondary data such as; and Aroresa woredas. Although described by many officials as agricultural yields data were collected from Boricha woreda lowland or kola, it technically falls into the borderline area agriculture and rural development office (ARDO) and between the kola and woyna dega agro-ecological zones, with meteorological data from National Meteorological Agency altitudes in the range of 1400–1700 m above sea level. Average Hawassa branch for four stations of the district, namely annual rainfall is in the range of 700-1200 mm per year and Darara, Yirba, Balela and Bilate. falls during two rainy seasons, the Belg and Kiremt rains. The Data from Balela station were used as complementary total population of this woreda was 284,576 in 2011 and it is since data were incomplete in all stations and this station has estimated to be 310,533 at present (2018). The landscape only 10 years data of both temperature and rainfall. varies between undulating hills and plains. Most of the Population data of the area were also collected from central household surveyed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • October 27, 2005
    Minutes of the 43rd Technical Information Management Exchange (TIME) Forum Meeting October 27,2005, 10:00 hrs DPPC Conference Room Chairperson: Ato Wegayehu Belew Agenda • Food Aid Task Force, Ato Mesfin Sheferaw • Situation Report, Early Warning Department (DPPC) • Food Aid Pipeline Report, World Food Programme (WFP) • EFSRA Stock Status Report, Ato Wegayehu Belew • AOB Food Aid Task Force: Ato Mesfin Sheferaw I. September Allocation and Dispatch Status by DPPC Region Allocation Dispatch (%) Afar 4,453.2 100 Amhara 1,903.7 100 Gambella 731.1 80 Oromia 12,823.6 100 Harari No beneficiaries SNNP Utilization report not submitted Somali Utilization report not submitted Tigray 4,520.3 90 Total 24,431.9 Due to late allocation to Tigray and Gambella Regions, dispatch for the month of September has not been completed. Meeting participants stated that withholding food aid allocation because of lack of utilization reports would be tantamount to punishing the needy. Therefore it was suggested that giving technical support to the concerned Regions on preparing utilization reports can be a solution. However the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency (DPPA), taking note of the suggestion, assured concerned that for hot spot areas food aid is distributed with or out without utilization report. II. September Allocation and Dispatch Status by NGOs Region Allocation Oromia 8,033.82 Somali 1,263.00 SNN 951.7 DireDawa 596.04 Amhara 328.41 Afar 364.5 Tigray 6,690.76 Total 18,228.23 • FHI/ORDA has completed dispatch (Grain and Oil) • SC/UK has not transported the allocation to Dahana and Ziquala woreda in Amhara Region because woreda officials did not submit the beneficiary figure, which has decreased significantly from the previous months.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Worm Infestation in SNNP and Oromia Regions As of 24 May
    Army worm infestation in SNNP and Oromia Regions As of 24 May, some 8,368 hectares of belg cropland was reportedly destroyed by army worms in Wolayita zone of SNNPR - an area that suffered from late onset of the 2013 belg rains and subsequent heavy rains that damaged belg crops. The damage caused by the army worms will further reduce the expected harvest this season. Similar incidents were also reported from Boricha, Bona Zuria, Dara, Dale, Hawassa Zuria and Loko Abaya woredas of Sidama zone; Loma and Mareka woredas of Dawro zone (SNNPR), as well as from drought prone areas of East and West Hararge zones of Oromia Region; and quickly spreading to neighbouring areas. In Boricha woreda, for example, more than 655 hectares of belg cropland was destroyed in the course of one week, this is indicative of the speed that damage is being caused. Immediate distribution of spraying containers and chemicals to the farmers is required to prevent further loss of belg crops. For more information, contact: [email protected] Health Update The number of meningitis cases has gradually declined since the outbreak was declared in January. To date, 1,371 cases were reported from 24 woredas in five zones of SNNP and Oromia Regions. The Government, with support from health partners, is conducting a reactive vaccination in the affected areas, with 1, 678,220 people vaccinated so far. Next week, the number of people vaccinated during the Addis Ababa City Administration meningitis vaccination campaign, conducted from 20 to 26 May, will be released. Meanwhile, the number of kebeles reporting cases of Yellow Fever in South Ari, Benatsemay and Selmago woredas of South Omo zone, SNNPR, increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria by Sidama People of Boricha District, Sidama Zone, South Region of Ethiopia
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2016, Article ID 9690164, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9690164 Research Article Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria by Sidama People of Boricha District, Sidama Zone, South Region of Ethiopia Solomon Asnake,1 Tilahun Teklehaymanot,2 Ariaya Hymete,3 Berhanu Erko,2 and Mirutse Giday2 1 Medicine and Health Science College, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia 2Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3SchoolofPharmacy,AddisAbabaUniversity,P.O.Box1176,AddisAbaba,Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Mirutse Giday; [email protected] Received 7 November 2015; Revised 10 January 2016; Accepted 26 January 2016 Academic Editor: Ulysses P. Albuquerque Copyright © 2016 Solomon Asnake et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In Ethiopia, malaria control has been complicated due to resistance of the parasite to the current drugs. Thus, new drugs are required against drug-resistant Plasmodium strains. Historically, many of the present antimalarial drugs were discovered from plants. This study was, therefore, conducted to document antimalarial plants utilized by Sidama people of Boricha District, Sidama Zone, South Region of Ethiopia. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out from September 2011 to February 2012. Data were collected through semistructured interview and field and market observations. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) was calculated and preference ranking exercises were conducted to estimate the importance of the reported medicinal plants in Boricha District.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment Report: IPMS – Farm Radio Participatory Agricultural Radio
    Assessment Report: IPMS – Farm Radio Participatory Agricultural Radio Series’ in Ethiopia February, 2012 Evaluation report by: Eyob Mihretab (Development Consultant) Submitted To: IPMS / ILRI Submitted By: Farm Radio International Executive Summary In 2011, the Improving Productivity and Marketing Success (IPMS) project of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) asked Farm Radio international to coordinate the planning and delivery of a series of radio programs related to two of the commodity value chains involved in IPMS: apiculture in the Tigray Region, and fruit tree production in Sidama. Farm Radio International accepted this invitation, and, after signing an agreement with ILRI-IPMS, proceeded with the development, implementation and evaluation of a new approach to agricultural radio: the Participatory Agricultural Radio Series – or PARS. The PARS was conceptualized as a weekly series of 6 episodes of 30-minute radio programs related to some aspect of the apiculture or fruit tree value chains. Planned with input from and the participation of intended beneficiaries, the PARS engages farmers as central players to design, develop and implement a series of radio programs around an agricultural practice they deem essential to their livelihoods and overall food security. It was anticipated that the PARS would be successful in raising the knowledge levels of communities reached by the programs, but that a 6-week series was probably inadequate to have a short-term measurable impact on the practices/behaviours of farmers. (FRI’s
    [Show full text]
  • Fourth and Final Joint Technical Reporting up to July 31 2017
    Fourth and Final Joint Technical Reporting up to July 31st 2017 Applied research on Health Extension Workers using eHealth to strengthen equitable systems in Southern Ethiopia health SEARCH GRANT: 106229-013 REACH ETHIOPIA: PI Daniel G. Datiko - SZHD – Reach Ethiopia, Aschenaki Zerihun, Gemeda Borra, Webealam Mengesha Zewde and Dawit Birhan from The Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia. LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE: Sally Theobald, Beth Hollihead, Rosie Steege (and with thanks to Faye Moody) COUNTRY/REGION: Ethiopia Copyright © 2017 REACH Ethiopia, Ethiopia and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK Disseminated under Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Full Name of Research Institutions: REACH Ethiopia /SZHD P.O.Box:303 Hawassa, Ethiopia www.reachet.org.et Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK www.lstmed.ac.uk 0 Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. Executive summary ............................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6 3. Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................. 8 4. Study Setting .................................................................................................... 11 5. The situation before the study
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Savings Behavior Among Rural Households in Case of Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia
    Determinants of Savings Behavior among Rural Households in Case of Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia By: Bealu Tukela Bekata HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, HAWASSA, ETHIOPIA Bealu Tukela MSc 2016 i Determinants of Savings Behavior among Rural Households in Case of Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia By: Bealu Tukela Bekata ID No: - ACFNW/302/06 The Thesis is Submitted to the Hawassa University, School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Accounting and Finance Principal Advisor: Getnet Begashaw (PhD) Co-advisor: Bahiriw Tazebew College of Business and Economics School of Management and Accounting January/ 2016 Hawassa Declaration of the final Thesis I, hereby declare that the corrections and recommendations suggested by the Board of Examiners are incorporated into the final thesis entitled “Determinants of Savings Behavior among Rural Households in Case of Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia” by Bealu Tukela. ______________________ ________________ ___________ Mr. Bealu Tukela Bekata Signature Date HAWASSA UNIVERSITY ADVISORS’ APPROVAL SHEET This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Determinants of Savings Behavior among Rural Households in Case of Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master's with specialization in Accounting and Finance, the Graduate Program of the School of Management and Accounting and finance, and has been carried out by Bealu Tukela Id. No ACFNW/302/06,
    [Show full text]
  • Household Food Insecurity in the Sidama Zone of Southern Ethiopia
    Household Food Insecurity in the Sidama Zone of Southern Ethiopia Factors, Coping and Adaptation Strategies Gezahegn Abebe Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae (Ph.D.) in Human Geography Department of Sociology and Human Geography University of Oslo (UiO) August, 2017 © Gezahegn Abebe, 2018 Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo No. 690 ISSN 1564-3991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Cover: Hanne Baadsgaard Utigard. Print production: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo. Acknowledgements Many people contributed to the completion of the research. I would like to thank Professor Jan Hesselberg for his wise supervision, comments and feedbacks, encouragements with fatherhood guidance from the start of building the project proposal to the conclusion of the study. I have learned and benefited from his immense supervision and research experiences and knowledge of geography at large since the start of M.Phil study in specialised program Development Geography. I sometimes wish to have a quarter of his knowledge when I see his ways of supervision which led to increase my thinking ability. I am grateful to reviewers who read manuscripts that have been submitted to journals for publication. Your feedbacks and suggestions were helpful to strengthen the manuscripts. This study deals with the factors of food insecurity and how these factors are linked to regional and global climate change in two farming systems in southern Ethiopia drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data collected in fieldworks. Doing fieldwork in rural areas especially in areas where previously unknown in my opinion is not simple even for experienced researchers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia HUMAN Development Without Freedom RIGHTS How Aid Underwrites Repression in Ethiopia WATCH
    Ethiopia HUMAN Development without Freedom RIGHTS How Aid Underwrites Repression in Ethiopia WATCH Development without Freedom How Aid Underwrites Repression in Ethiopia Copyright © 2010 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-697-7 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org October 2010 1-56432-697-7 Development without Freedom How Aid Underwrites Repression in Ethiopia Map of Ethiopia .................................................................................................................. 1 Glossary of Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 2 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 8 To the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ................................. 8 To Ethiopia’s Principal Foreign Donors in the Development Assistance Group ................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: SNNP Region Administrative Map (As of 15 Aug 2017)
    Ethiopia: SNNP region administrative map (as of 15 Aug 2017) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Suten ! ! ! ! ! ! Inge Sodo ! ! !Bui ! ! WelikiteKebena Abeshege ! Kokir Gedbano ! ! Kela ! ! Muhur Na Ak!lil ! Gubire ! ! ! Cheha Agena ! Imdibir! ! Ezha Me!skan ! ! Inseno ! Gonichire ! ! ! Kibet Qewaqoto! Koshe ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Enemorina Eaner Alicho Woriro ! Gumer Mareko ! Selti ! ! Areket Alkeso town ! ! ! ! ! ! Geta Kose Tora ! Fofa ! Werabe ! ! ! Dinkela ! ! Sayilem! ! ! ! ! Yadota Geja Endiguagn Yem SP Woreda ! Dalocha ! Misrak Azenet Berbere ! ! ! ! Misha !LERA Dalocha Masha ! Wilb!areg Gibe ! ! Mierab Azenet Berbere ! ! Lanfero ! Homec!ho ! ! Fonqo town ! Mito ! GAMBELA Gesha (Deka) Kondo GECHA TOWN ! Analemmo ! ! !Deka ! Doesha !Belesa town ! Alem Gebeya Anderacha Getawa Gembora ! ! Limu ! ! Bonosha Sankura ! ! ! Lisana town Jajira Shashogo Gimbichu! ! Hufa ! ! ! Diri Soro ! Gojeb Bita (Big) Gimbo Doya Gena Jacho A!nigach!a ! Alaba SP Woreda ! ! ! Daniboya Wishiwishi Dune Kulito ! Kaka Idget ! Bita Genet ! OROMIA Kelata Mudula Hobichaka ! ! Bonga ! ! ! ! ! Yeki ! Menjiwo ! Chena Tembaro Ke!diada Gambela TEPI TOWN Hadero !TubitoKacha Bira ! ! ! !Adilo Chda Idge T!unito ! Legend WACHA ! ! Terche Misrak Badawacho ! Gena Bosa Chiri BOMIBE 01 ! ! ! ! !Karewo ! Mierab Badawacho ! Ameya P ! Tocha Tocha Edget Boloso Bombe Sheka Tulo ! Regional capital ! Waka ! Semen Bench Alem Gena ! ! ! ! Mehal Sheko Mareka Boloso SoreDamot Pulasa Hawassa Zuria PWondo-Ge! net Gesa ! ! Shanito Hawasa Town ! ! ! ! Shama Chuko Shay Bench ! Bitena Town Mizan Aman ! ! Tula ! Damot
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use Effects on Soil Quality Indicators: a Case Study of Abo-Wonsho Southern Ethiopia
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Applied and Environmental Soil Science Volume 2013, Article ID 784989, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/784989 Research Article Land Use Effects on Soil Quality Indicators: A Case Study of Abo-Wonsho Southern Ethiopia Awdenegest Moges,1 Melku Dagnachew,2 and Fantaw Yimer3 1 SchoolofBiosystemsandEnvironmentalEngineering,HawassaUniversity,P.O.Box5,Hawassa,Ethiopia 2 DepartmentofNaturalResourcesManagement,WolaitaSodoUniversity,P.O.Box138,WolaitaSodo,Ethiopia 3 Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Awdenegest Moges; awde [email protected] Received 5 March 2013; Revised 29 April 2013; Accepted 10 May 2013 Academic Editor: Artemi Cerda Copyright © 2013 Awdenegest Moges et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Soil quality assessment is valuable for evaluating agroecosystem sustainability, soil degradation, and identifying sustainable land management practices. This study compared soil quality within culturally protected forest areas and adjacent grassland, grazing land, and farmland in Abo-Wonsho, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 40 soil samples (4 land uses × 5replications× 2soildepthlayers: 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) were collected for analysis. Soil textural fractions (i.e., sand, silt, and clay percentage) varied with land use and soil depths even though the textural class across all land use types was sandy loam. Bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), and available potassium (K) varied significantly: = 0.041, = 0.001,and < 0.001, respectively, with land use and soil depth, but other indicators showed no significant difference.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report International Organization for Migration Special Liaison Office (IOM SLO) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    2015Annual Report International Organization for Migration Special Liaison Office (IOM SLO) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia IOM OIM IOM PRESENCE In EthIOpIA IOM Presence in Ethiopia ETHIOPIA: Administrative Map (as of 14 January 2011) R ShireERITREA E Legend Tahtay Erob Laelay Adiyabo Mereb Ahferom Gulomekeda \\( Adiyabo Leke D National Capital Ganta Medebay Dalul North Adwa Afeshum Saesie Tahtay Zana Laelay Tsaedaemba Kafta Western Maychew PP Koraro Central Humera Asgede Tahtay Eastern Regional Capital Naeder Werei Hawzen Western Tsimbila Maychew Adet Leke Koneba Berahle Welkait Kelete Atsbi S Tigray Awelallo Wenberta International Boundary Tselemti Kola Degua Tsegede Mekele E Temben Temben P Addi Tselemt Tanqua Afdera Zone 2 Enderta Arekay Abergele Regional Boundary Tsegede Beyeda Ab Ala Mirab Saharti A Armacho Debark Samre Hintalo Erebti Abergele Wejirat Tach Megale Bidu Zonal Boundary Armacho Dabat Janamora Alaje Lay Sahla North Armacho Wegera Southern Ziquala Woreda Boundary Metema Gonder Sekota Endamehoni Raya Wag Azebo Chilga Yalo Amhara East Ofla Teru West Belesa Himra Kurri Gonder Dehana Belesa Lake Dembia Zuria Gaz Alamata Zone 4 Quara Gibla Semera Elidar Takusa Libo Ebenat Gulina Kemkem Bugna Lasta Kobo Awra Afar Gidan Lake Tana South (Ayna) 0 50 100 200 km Ewa Alfa Fogera Gonder North ¹ Lay Zone 1 Farta Meket Guba Lafto Dubti Gayint Asayta Semen Wollo P Jawi Achefer Tach Habru Chifra Bahr Dar East Wadla Delanta G U L F O F A D E N P Gayint Aysaita Creation date:14 Jan.2011 Dera Esite Bahirdar Ambasel Map Doc Name:21_ADM_000_ETH_011411_A0
    [Show full text]
  • Refugee Update up to 15,000 People from the Lou Nuer Community Have Crossed Into Ethiopia’S Western Gambella Region Since Mid- February 2012
    Refugee Update Up to 15,000 people from the Lou Nuer community have crossed into Ethiopia’s western Gambella Region since mid- February 2012. The new arrivals – most of whom are women, children and elderly – have settled near the border town of Matar and are living in makeshift shelters. Local communities have been sharing existing food and water stocks and other public facilities with the new arrivals, but the influx has stretched water and sanitation facilities beyond their capacity. UNHCR is working with the government refugee agency, ARRA, to establish a transit centre near Matar and to expedite the screening, registration and relocation of individuals verified as refugees to Fugnido camp. As of 13 March, about 1,300 people had been transferred to Fugnido. Fugnido camp was opened in 1993 in response to previous influxes of refugees from Sudan and is home to an existing population of some 23,000 refugees, most of whom would now be Southern Sudanese. UNHCR has started distribution of non-food items (NFIs), including tents, plastic sheets, blankets, kitchen sets and jerry cans to the new arrivals in Fugnido from its stockpile in Gambella, while ARRA and WFP are providing food assistance. WFP is also working with Government counterparts to extend food assistance in Gambella Region to cover the already-vulnerable host community. UNHCR and ARRA are also working to prepare for possible additional influxes of refugees in the future. For more information, contact: [email protected] or [email protected] Price Update Ethiopia’s year-on-year inflation rate rose to 36.3 per cent in February, up from 32 per cent the previous month.
    [Show full text]