Grafting to Improve Bitter Melon (Mormodica Charantia L.) Productivity and Fruit Quality

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Grafting to Improve Bitter Melon (Mormodica Charantia L.) Productivity and Fruit Quality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`\#3.A()#&%0-.(#%.A#.*.K&%0-.(#2*.A-'-*.&B#<=(# 7)*?'=C#+)3-'#"-(0A#%.A#+)3-'#^3%0-'"#*+#'=(#7)%+'(A#40%.'&#7)*?.#3.A()#'=(#A-++()(.'#2*.A-'-*.&# ?()(#%&&(&&(A#'*#2*>4%)(#?-'=#2*.')*0&#[3.7)%+'(A#%.A#&(0+K7)%+'(A\#7)*?.#3.A()#'=(#&%>(# 2*.A-'-*.&B# "#! ! X=(.#'(&'(A#?-'=#-.,*&/#)(0*(+&%1$#(,/#C#'=(#/4#)**'&'*2D#=%A#'=(#0*?(&'#)%'(#*+#&((A0-.7# A(%'=#[8ab\#?=-0(#L7#?%&#&(2*.A#@(&'#[ccb\C#@-''()#>(0*.#?%&#'=(#&(2*.A#?*)&'#[_Fb\#%.A# V@#?%&#'=(#?*)&'#[a_b\B#600#'=)((#)**'&'*2D#%.A#'=(#&2-*.#&((A0-.7&#2*30A#7)*?#3.A()#&%0-.(# 2*.A-'-*.&#[:_#A/>K:\#?-'=#&3)1-1%0#)%'(&#*+#_9b#%.A#%@*1(B#Y*?(1()C#%'#8_#A/>K:C#'=(#/4# )**'&'*2D#&((A0-.7&#=%A#'=(#=-7=(&'#&3)1-1%0#)%'(#[`_b\#%.A#'=(#V@#)**'&'*2D#?%&#'=(#&(2*.A# @(&'#[d8b\#?=-0(#'=(#L7#)**'&'*2D#%.A#'=(#@-''()#>(0*.#&((A0-.7&#A-A#.*'#&3)1-1(#[9b\B## <=(#/M/#7)%+'-.7#>('=*A#?%&#>*)(#&322(&&+30#'=%.#'=(#<6#>('=*AB#<=(#/M/#>('=*A#=%A#%# &322(&&#)%'(#*+#;:Ka:b#+*)#%00#'=)((#)**'&'*2D&C#?=()(%&#'=(#<6#>('=*A#*.0"#%2=-(1(A#%#_9K `_b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cdKdFb#%.A#FaK_cb# =-7=()#+*)#L7#%.A#+)*>#FFK`:b#%.A#:9KF:b#=-7=()#+*)#/4#'=%.#'=%'#*+#'=(#2*.')*0#40%.'&#3.A()# &%0-.(#%.A#.*.K&%0-.(#2*.A-'-*.&C#)(&4(2'-1(0"B## G.#'()>&#*+#+)3-'#^3%0-'"C#'=()(#?%&#.*#2*.&-&'(.'#(++(2'#*+#'=(#)**'&'*2D&#%.A#&%0-.-'"B#Y*?(1()C# '=(#V@#)**'&'*2D#7%1(#'=(#@(&'#+)3-'#^3%0-'"#3.A()#&*>(#0->-'(A#%.A#&4(2-+-2#7)*?-.7#2*.A-'-*.&B## <=(#>%-.#*@&()1%'-*.#?%&#'=%'#@-''()#>(0*.#+)3-'#7)*?.#A3)-.7#'=(#>%-.#&(%&*.#89:`#=%A#=-7=()# </PC#<JP#%.A#%.'-*E-A%.'#2%4%2-'"#'=%.#'=(#+)3-'&#7)*?.#A3)-.7#'=(#*++#&(%&*.#89:_B#S+#'=(&(C# '=(#+)3-'&#7)*?.#*3'A**)#A3)-.7#'=(#>%-.#&(%&*.#89:`#%0&*#=%A#'=(#=-7=(&'#</PC#<JP#%.A# %.'-*E-A%.'#2%4%2-'"B#<=(#1%03(&#?()(#8KF#'->(&#=-7=()#+*)#</PC#aK:9#'->(&#=-7=()#+*)#<JP#%.A# dK89#'->(&#=-7=()#+*)#%.'-*E-A%.'#%2'-1-'-(&#+*)#'=(#40%.'&#7)*?.#*3'A**)#A3)-.7#'=(#>%-.#&(%&*.# 89:`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e$!SM/#6OH#UOG</#S,# $I6/ULI$IO<#BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB#E1!
Recommended publications
  • Studies on Genetic Diversity of Japanese and Vietnamese Melon Germplasm by Using Molecular Markers
    Studies on genetic diversity of Japanese and Vietnamese melon germplasm by using molecular markers 2019, September Tran Phuong Dung Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science (Doctor’s course) OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY 1 Table of contents Chapter 1. General introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 1.1. Phylogenetic relationships in genus Cucumis .............................................................................. 4 1.2. Intraspecific classification and domestication history of melon ..................................................... 9 1.3. Asia – the origin center of modern melon cultivars ....................................................................... 16 Chapter 2. Genetic diversity of Japanese melon breeding lines ............................................................... 18 2.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................... 19 2.3. Result ............................................................................................................................................... 23 2.4. Discussion ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 3. Development of RAPD‐derived STS
    [Show full text]
  • Watermelon Seed Oil: Its Extraction, Analytical Studies, Modification and Utilization in Cosmetic Industries
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Watermelon Seed Oil: Its Extraction, Analytical studies, Modification and Utilization in Cosmetic Industries Sarfaraz Athar1, Abullais Ghazi2, Osh Chourasiya3, Dr. Vijay Y. Karadbhajne4 1,2,3Department of Oil Technology, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur 4Head, Dept. of Oil Technology, Professor, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Watermelon seed is one of the unexplored seed in acid or omega 6 fatty acid (about 45-73%). Oleic, palmitic the world which is often discarded after eating the fruit. and stearic acid are also present in small quantities [3]. Researches show that these seeds contain nutrients like protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Oil Various researches report the positive effect of watermelon content in the seeds is between 35-40% and the unsaturated seed oil over skin. The oil is light, consists of humectants and fatty acid content in oil is 78-86% predominantly linoleic acid moisturising properties. It is easily absorbed by skin and (45-73%). This oil is effective for skin care as it is light, easily helps in restoring the elasticity of skin. Due to these absorbable and has humectants properties. Our study is about attributes this oil can be used in cosmetic industry for extraction of watermelon seed oil by solvent extraction process production of skin care products. The watermelon seed oil with the use of different solvents, its analysis and application can also be used as an anti inflammatory agent [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical and Histochemical Characterization of Leaves of Luffa Cylindrica(L.) M
    Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(3): 511-514 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Anatomical and Histochemical Characterization of Leaves of Luffa cylindrica(L.) M. Roem Laís Emanuelle Bernardo Vieira, Rafaela Damasceno Sá, Karina Perrelli Randau* ABSTRACT Background: Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. (Cucurbitaceae) is an herbaceous plant used for food as compose salads and do sweets and also used in traditional medicine as treat parasitic infections and intestinal diseases. Although this information, there are not many relates about anatomic characters for use in your quality control. Objective: The aim was investigating the anatomical characters of petiole and leaf blade and characterizing the metabolites in the leaf blade of L. cylindrica. Materials and Methods: Semipermanent histological slides were prepared for analysis of petiole and leaf blade in optical microscopy. Histochemical tests were also performed in the leaf blade. Results: The anatomical study revealed information about the type of trichomes, cuticle, vascular bundles and arrangement of the tissues that determine the botanical identity of this species. It was also identifying, for the first time, the presence of two types of trichomes in both of leaf blades faces. The histochemistry allowed determining which metabolites are in the leaf blade and also their location. Conclusion: The study described new characters for L. cylindrica and the results provide support to quality control of the species. Key words: Anatomy, Cucurbitaceae, Histochemistry, Luffa cylindrica, Microscopy. INTRODUCTION The Cucurbitaceae family have 134 genera and encom- (L.) Cogn.15 Luffa cylindrica is popularly known as pass over 965 species.
    [Show full text]
  • 1054 a Possible Protective Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Melon Against
    Journal of American Science, 2012;8(8) http://www.americanscience.org A possible protective effect of Citrullus colocynthis Melon against diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver syndrome in rats. Omnia Ezzat Ali Esmail Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Egyptian Russaion University [email protected] Abstract: Recent trends in controlling and treating diseases tend to prefer natural drugs rather than synthetic ones. The medicinal value of these plants lies in its constituents which include alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, volatile oils, steroids and minerals. An alcoholic extract of Citrulls colocynthis fruit seeds in a dose of 25 and 5o mg/Kg.B.wt intraperitonealy have been given daily to the rats exposed to high fat diet for 25 weeks (30% fat instead of 5% fat in normal diet). Sampling has been done every 5 weeks with verifying of blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, liver lipid extraction and plasma leptin level. The results revealed a protective ability of the fruits seeds extract in preventing, to a large extent, the onset of the fatty liver syndrome as well as diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with it. These results could be valuable when discussed at molecular level. [Omnia Ezzat Ali Esmail. A possible protective effect of Citrullus colocynthis Melon against diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver syndrome in rats. J Am Sci 2012;8(8):1054-1061]. (ISSN: 1545- 1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 156 Key words: Citrullus colocynthis Melon, diabetes mellitus type 2, non-alcoholic fatty liver, blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma leptin. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinators Visiting Summer Vegetables Ridge Gourd (Luffa Acutangula), Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.) and Brinjal (Solanum Melongena)
    Asian J Agri Biol, 2013, 1(1):8-12. POLLINATORS VISITING SUMMER VEGETABLES RIDGE GOURD (LUFFA ACUTANGULA), BITTER GOURD (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.) AND BRINJAL (SOLANUM MELONGENA) Imran Bodlah and Muhammad Waqar Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. ABSTRACT The forging activity of insect pollinators visiting the summer vegetables i.e. Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula), Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and Eggplant or Brinjal (Solanum melongena) observed. Two orders Hymenoptera and Diptera were identified as the major pollinators of these vegetables. The order Hymenoptera include six species (Apis Sp., Bombus sp., Xylocopa sp., Halictus sp. and two unidentified species 1 from Halictidae family and 1 from Megachilidae families) and order diptera include there 3 species of pollinators (Eristalinus sp. and 1 un-identified specie from family Syrphidae and Muscidae each). The foraging rate was much higher early in the morning i.e. 6- 7 am. Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) have the more abundant number of insects pollinating it followed by Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and Brinjal (Solanum melongena). The total number if insect pollinators show that the order hymenoptera include the most abundant number of insect pollinators. Keywords: Pollinators, Luffa acutangula, Momordica charantia L, Solanum melongena INTRODUCTION globally about £153 billion per year (Gallai, 2009).From which the honeybees and Pollination is most important activity in the bumblebees contribute more than £173 million ecosystem for the biodiversity of plants on for the outdoor crops and £30 million for the earth. For the sustainability and continuity of greenhouse crops in UK. 80% of the plant the ecosystem insects play their vital role (Ali species in UK, including majority crop plants and Breeze , 2011) Pollination also increase the need insects for their pollination (Carreck and quality and efficiency of crop production.
    [Show full text]
  • High Tunnel Melon and Watermelon Production
    High Tunnel Melon and Watermelon Production University of Missouri Extension M173 Contents Author Botany 1 Lewis W. Jett, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia Cultivar selection 3 Editorial staff Transplant production 4 MU Extension and Agricultural Information Planting in the high tunnel 5 Dale Langford, editor Dennis Murphy, illustrator Row covers 6 On the World Wide Web Soil management and fertilization 6 Find this and other MU Extension publications on the Irrigation 7 Web at http://muextension.missouri.edu Pollination 7 Photographs Pruning 8 Except where noted, photographs are by Lewis W. Jett. Trellising 8 Harvest and yield 9 Marketing 10 Pest management 10 Useful references 14 Melon and watermelon seed sources 15 Sources of high tunnels (hoophouses) 16 For further information, address questions to College of Dr. Lewis W. Jett Agriculture Extension State Vegetable Crops Specialist Food and Natural Division of Plant Sciences Resources University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 Copyright 2006 by the University of Missouri Board of Curators E-mail: [email protected] College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources High Tunnel Melon and Watermelon Production igh tunnels are low-cost, passive, melo has several botanical subgroups (Table 1). solar greenhouses that use no fossil In the United States, reticulatus and inodorus are Hfuels for heating or venting (Figure commercially grown, while the remaining groups 1). High tunnels can provide many benefits to are grown for niche or local markets. horticulture crop producers: The cantaloupe fruit that most Americans • High tunnels are used to lengthen the are familiar with is not actually a true cantaloupe.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Spices and Vegetables Against Bacillus Methylotrophicus Strain Kharuss 0103
    International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X www.ijpsi.org Volume 2 Issue 7‖ July 2013 ‖ PP.37-42 Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Spices and Vegetables against Bacillus methylotrophicus strain Kharuss 0103 Khusro A1, Aarti C2, Preetamraj JP1, Kingsley SJ1 1Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai. India 2Department of Biotechnology, M.S.Ramaiah College of arts, science and commerce, Bangaluru. India ABSTRACT: In this investigation the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of commonly used spices and vegetables were assayed against Bacillus methylotrophicus strain Kharuss 0103 isolated from poultry farm. Garlic (Allium sativum) extract showed maximum inhibitory effect on Bacillus methylotrophicus strain Kharuss 0103. Aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa, Beta vulgaris and Momordica charantia did not inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. Allium sativum were showing zone of inhibition of 30 mm and 24 mm using Agar well diffusion method and Agar disc diffusion method respectively against this strain. These results suggest that Allium sativum is a potential spice for inhibiting the growth of this bacterial strain isolated from poultry farm. KEYWORDS: Antibacterial activity, Agar well diffusion method, Disc diffusion, Poultry farm bacteria, Spices extract, Vegetables extract. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years food safety concerns have been focused on several pathogens. Man has been using natural products of animals, plants and microbial sources for thousands of years either in the pure forms or crude extracts [1]. Vegetables, herbs and spices are an important part of the human diet. They have been used for thousands of years to enhance the flavour, colour and aroma of food.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Specialty Ethnic Crops for a South Asian Market in the Northeast
    Growing Specialty Ethnic Crops for a South Asian Market in the Northeast Table of Contents Introduction 2 Beans 3 Winged Beans 3 Long Beans 4 Seim Beans 5 Gourds 6 Snake Gourd 6 Bitter Melon 7 Luffa 8 Bottle Gourd 9 Greens 10 Jute 10 Dasheen 11 Malabar Spinach 12 Lamb’s Quarters 13 Growing South Asian Vegetables in the Northeast, a Crop Guide by East New York Farms! 2 Introduction Cultivating South Asian specialty crops in the Northeast of the United States requires creativity, versatility, and intuition, not only because of the gap in literature addressing their cultivation in temperate zones, but also because of the increasing rate of unpredictable weather patterns that growers are confronted with worldwide. Our hope is that this guide will impart a cohesive understanding of these crop types, and will share some helpful growing East New York Farmers Market on a busy summer Saturday. tips to increase the yield and fulfillment gained from growing these unique crops. The South Asian specialty crops included in this guide are divided into three general categories: beans, vining gourds, and greens. We chose these crops because they are viable in our climate and show economic potential. We did not include every crop that growers were planting, many of which are well-known and commonly grown(e.g. tomatoes, onions, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all pictures in this guide were taken by East New York Farms! staff in our network of gardens and at our An elaborate trellis system for vining crops in an East New York backyard farmers market.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus) Seed on Blood Glucose and Electrolyte Parameters in Diabetic Wistar Rats
    JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 Full-text Available Online at J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. June 2014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENVIRONVol.ME N18T (A2)L 2M31A-233NA GEMENT. All rights reserved www.ajol.info and www.bioline.org.br/ja Effects of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus) Seed on Blood Glucose and Electrolyte Parameters in Diabetic Wistar Rats *1OMIGIE IO; AGOREYO FO Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City Correspondence Address: Dr Mrs) Magdalene Omigie, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Email address: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Watermelon, Diabetes, blood glucose, electrolyte, Wistar rats ABSTRACT: Given the prevalence of diabetes worldwide, with its associated complications, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of citrullus lanatus seed extract on blood glucose concentration and electrolyte parameters. Citrullus lanatus is an antioxidant and has been shown to reduce oxidative stress (Khaki et al., 2013). Effects of phytochemicals (flavonoids) on pancreatic β-cells leading to their proliferation and secretion of more insulin have been proposed by Mahesh and Menon (2004), as the mechanism by which medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus reduce hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifteen female wistar rats were used in the study, they were divided into three groups of five rats each, namely; the control group, diabetes control group administered distilled water, and diabetes group administered watermelon seed extract. The diabetic groups were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Daily watermelon seed extract was administered orally (200 mg per kilogram body weight), one week post streptozotocin injection.
    [Show full text]
  • 53 Luffa Cylindrica- Sponge Gourd (Cucurbitaceae): A
    International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research (IJAASR) Impact Factor: 5.655, ISSN (Online): 2456 - 3080 (www.dvpublication.com) Volume 3, Issue 1, 2018 LUFFA CYLINDRICA- SPONGE GOURD (CUCURBITACEAE): A MEDICINAL GREEN HERB Sunita Verma* & Rajbala** * Lecturer, Department of Botany, Rakeh P.G College, Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan ** Lecturer, Department of Botany, SRRM Government P.G College, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan Cite This Article: Sunita Verma & Rajbala, “Luffacylindrical- Sponge Gourd (Cucurbitaceae): A Medicinal Green Herb”, International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research, Volume 3, Issue 1, Page Number 53-55, 2018. Abstract: A medicinal herb as potential source of therapeutic aids has attained a significant role in health system. Genus Luffa belongs to Cucurbitaceae family is a tropical or sub tropical and warm climate fast growing plant. Luffa cylindrica as a medicinal plant has been widely employed in treatment of many diseases. It used as edible vegetable. The present paper is an attempt to provide a detailed taxonomy, phyto-chemical characters, medicinal and pharmacological potential of this valuable herb plant. Key Words: Medicinal, Herb, Hepatoprotective & Vegetable. 1. Introduction: Nature has bestowed our country with an enormous wealth of medicinal plants, therefore India has often been referred to as the Medicinal Garden of the world. A medicinal herb as potential source of therapeutic aids has attained a significant role in health system all over the world for both humans and animals not only in the diseased condition but also as potential material for maintaining proper health [1]. Herbal medicine is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the world population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body and lesser side effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Watermelon in the Garden Rick Heflebower and Dan Drost Vegetable Specialists
    Revised April 2020 Watermelon in the Garden Rick Heflebower and Dan Drost Vegetable Specialists Summary Soil Preparation: Choose a site in your garden that Watermelons grow best in sunny locations and in receives full sun. Before planting, determine fertilizer fertile, well-drained soils. Incorporate organic needs with a soil test and then follow the matter and a complete fertilizer into the area before recommendations given with the test report. If planting. Plant 4-6 watermelon seeds directly in the fertilizer applications are warranted, work the garden when soils are 65°F. Seeds should be fertilizer into the top 6 inches of soil. If you fertilize planted 1-2 inches deep, in mounds 4 feet apart. with compost, apply no more than 1 inch of well- Thin the mounds after emergence to two plants. composted organic matter per 100 square feet of Transplant watermelon 2 feet apart through black garden area. plastic for early maturity. Use row covers or hot Plants: Watermelon can be grown from seed or caps to protect the plants when planting before the transplants. Seed should be planted 1-2 inches deep. frost-free period. After the vines develop runners, Transplants should have 2-3 mature leaves and a side dress with additional nitrogen fertilizer. well-developed root system. Allow 6 weeks to grow Irrigation should be deep and infrequent. Plastic and transplants. Transplants mature about 2 weeks before organic mulches help conserve water and reduce seeded melons and are recommended in short weeding; however, do not apply organic mulches growing areas of Utah. until soils have warmed to 75°F.
    [Show full text]
  • Histological Study of Organogenesis in Cucumis Melo L. After Genetic Transformation: Why Is It Difficult to Obtain Transgenic Plants? V Chovelon, V
    Histological study of organogenesis in Cucumis melo L. after genetic transformation: why is it difficult to obtain transgenic plants? V Chovelon, V. Restier, N. Giovinazzo, Catherine Dogimont, J. Aarouf To cite this version: V Chovelon, V. Restier, N. Giovinazzo, Catherine Dogimont, J. Aarouf. Histological study of organo- genesis in Cucumis melo L. after genetic transformation: why is it difficult to obtain transgenic plants?. Plant Cell Reports, Springer Verlag, 2011, 30 (11), pp.2001-2011. 10.1007/s00299-011-1108-9. hal- 01332269 HAL Id: hal-01332269 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01332269 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Version définitive du manuscrit publié dans / Final version of the manuscript published in : Plant Cell Reports, 2011, vol 30 (11) :2001-2011 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1108-9 Histological Study of Organogenesis in Cucumis melo L. after genetic transformation: why is it difficult to obtain transgenic plants? V. Chovelon .V. Restier . N. Giovinazzo . C. Dogimont J. Aarrouf INRA Avignon, UR1052, Unité de Génétique et d’Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, BP 94, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France e-mail : [email protected] J.
    [Show full text]