korean journal of international and comparative law 6 (2018) 219–244 brill.com/kjic Australia’s Endeavours in Maritime Enforcement Securing Vast and Vital Oceans James Wraith Researcher, Global Challenges Program – Sustaining Coastal and Marine Zones, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
[email protected] Clive Schofield Head of Research, Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University (wmu), Sweden; Visiting Professor, Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ancors), University of Wollongong, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy (apjolp)
[email protected] Abstract Australia is deeply connected to the ocean. A uniquely large island nation with a long coastline and few close neighbours, Australia benefits from an immense mari- time domain, the third largest in the world. However, with relatively few maritime enforcement resources and an extreme dependence on sea bourne trade, maritime enforcement Australia faces an extremely difficult task in monitoring and ensuring compliance with national laws throughout its maritime jurisdiction. We highlight current threats to Australia’s marine environment including protection of natural resources, piracy, terrorism and illegal arrivals, and examine Australia’s capabilities, legislation and approach to combating these risks. Essential to Australia’s strategy is collaboration across domestic civil and defence agencies, use of innovative approaches and technologies, and regional and international partnerships through creative agree- ments and treaties. Keywords maritime enforcement – Law of the Sea – Australia – fisheries – jurisdiction – domain – border protection © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi:10.1163/22134484-12340113Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 06:25:30AM via free access 220 Wraith and Schofield 1 Introduction As the Australian national anthem highlights, the country is “girt by sea” and is a profoundly oceanic nation, culturally and economically dependent on the marine environment.