Adversarial Tactics to Undercut US Interests in New Generation Warfare 2019
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Information Warfare, International Law, and the Changing Battlefield
ARTICLE INFORMATION WARFARE, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE CHANGING BATTLEFIELD Dr. Waseem Ahmad Qureshi* ABSTRACT The advancement of technology in the contemporary era has facilitated the emergence of information warfare, which includes the deployment of information as a weapon against an adversary. This is done using a numBer of tactics such as the use of media and social media to spread propaganda and disinformation against an adversary as well as the adoption of software hacking techniques to spread viruses and malware into the strategically important computer systems of an adversary either to steal confidential data or to damage the adversary’s security system. Due to the intangible nature of the damage caused By the information warfare operations, it Becomes challenging for international law to regulate the information warfare operations. The unregulated nature of information operations allows information warfare to Be used effectively By states and nonstate actors to gain advantage over their adversaries. Information warfare also enhances the lethality of hyBrid warfare. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to arrange a new convention or devise a new set of rules to regulate the sphere of information warfare to avert the potential damage that it can cause to international peace and security. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. 901 I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 903 II. WHAT IS INFORMATION WARFARE? ............................. -
Spotlight Europe # 2009/08 – September 2009 Europe Begins at Home
spotlight europe # 2009/08 – September 2009 Europe begins at home Joachim Fritz-Vannahme Bertelsmann Stiftung, [email protected] The European policy of the forthcoming German government is bound to change, partly as a result of the new institutional framework. On the one hand there is the ruling of the German Constitutional Court. And on the other hand it will become necessary to play by the EU’s new rules of the game. Can Germany continue to support the trend to more European in- tegration and, more importantly, will it have a desire to do so? Whoever becomes the next Chancellor of I Germany will have to get used to new rules of the game in the area of European policy. They have been determined in two The Ruling in Karlsruhe – different ways. On the one hand the ruling Criticism and Praise of the German Constitutional Court on the Treaty of Lisbon redistributes the tasks The Karlsruhe ruling on 30 June 2009 led assigned to various German institutions. to fierce disputes in Germany and else- # 2009/08 And on the other hand the Treaty itself–if, where among those who sought to that is, the Irish give their assent to it on elucidate its meaning. Writing in the 02 October, for otherwise there will be a weekly newspaper “Die Zeit,” former need for crisis management for years to foreign minister Joschka Fischer criticized come–will change the distribution of the fact that it placed “national power in Brussels, partly on account of the constraints” on European integration. creation of new posts ranging from the “Karlsruhe simply does not like the EU’s permanent President of the European progress towards deeper integration,” Council to the EU foreign policy represen- writes Fischer. -
Presidential Election in Germany 30Th June 2010
GERMANY European Elections monitor Presidential Election in Germany 30th June 2010 Christian Wulff, the new German President RESULTS The victory achieved by Christian Wulff, the candidate who stood for the government coalition led by Chancellor Angela Merkel that rallies the Christian Democratic Union (CDU/CSU) and the Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), can be said to be “minor” as he won the German Presidential election that took place on 30th June. Christian Wulff was elected after a 3rd round of vo- Hence it was in the 3rd round when a simple majority ting with 625 votes out of the 1,244 delegates at the was sufficient to be elected and after Lukrezia Jochim- German Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) sen withdrew that Christian Wulff was appointed to that brings together the 612 members of the Bundes- succeed Horst Köhler (Head of State who resigned on tag, the lower Chamber of Parliament and an equal 31st May last) as head of Germany. number of representatives from the 16 Länder, MPs from the regional Parliaments and personalities from 52 year old Christian Wulff is a law graduate from the civil society. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and University of Osnabrück and was a lawyer before de- Greens candidate, Joachim Gauck won 494 votes. voting his career to politics. A CDU member since he 121 delegates, notably from the Left Party (Die Linke) was 19 he became the leader of the “youth” branch of abstained. the CDU in his Land of Lower Saxony in 1983 before joining the CDU’s regional management committee two Although on paper the government coalition had a 21 years later. -
What Does GERMANY Think About Europe?
WHat doEs GERMaNY tHiNk aboUt europE? Edited by Ulrike Guérot and Jacqueline Hénard aboUt ECFR The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is the first pan-European think-tank. Launched in October 2007, its objective is to conduct research and promote informed debate across Europe on the development of coherent, effective and values-based European foreign policy. ECFR has developed a strategy with three distinctive elements that define its activities: •a pan-European Council. ECFR has brought together a distinguished Council of over one hundred Members - politicians, decision makers, thinkers and business people from the EU’s member states and candidate countries - which meets once a year as a full body. Through geographical and thematic task forces, members provide ECFR staff with advice and feedback on policy ideas and help with ECFR’s activities within their own countries. The Council is chaired by Martti Ahtisaari, Joschka Fischer and Mabel van Oranje. • a physical presence in the main EU member states. ECFR, uniquely among European think-tanks, has offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome and Sofia. In the future ECFR plans to open offices in Warsaw and Brussels. Our offices are platforms for research, debate, advocacy and communications. • a distinctive research and policy development process. ECFR has brought together a team of distinguished researchers and practitioners from all over Europe to advance its objectives through innovative projects with a pan-European focus. ECFR’s activities include primary research, publication of policy reports, private meetings and public debates, ‘friends of ECFR’ gatherings in EU capitals and outreach to strategic media outlets. -
Taming the Trolls: the Need for an International Legal Framework to Regulate State Use of Disinformation on Social Media
Taming the Trolls: The Need for an International Legal Framework to Regulate State Use of Disinformation on Social Media * ASHLEY C. NICOLAS INTRODUCTION Consider a hypothetical scenario in which hundreds of agents of the Russian GRU arrive in the United States months prior to a presidential election.1 The Russian agents spend the weeks leading up to the election going door to door in vulnerable communities, spreading false stories intended to manipulate the population into electing a candidate with policies favorable to Russian positions. The agents set up television stations, use radio broadcasts, and usurp the resources of local newspapers to expand their reach and propagate falsehoods. The presence of GRU agents on U.S. soil is an incursion into territorial integrity⎯a clear invasion of sovereignty.2 At every step, Russia would be required to expend tremendous resources, overcome traditional media barriers, and risk exposure, making this hypothetical grossly unrealistic. Compare the hypothetical with the actual actions of the Russians during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Sitting behind computers in St. Petersburg, without ever setting foot in the United States, Russian agents were able to manipulate the U.S. population in the most sacred of domestic affairs⎯an election. Russian “trolls” targeted vulnerable populations through social media, reaching millions of users at a minimal cost and without reliance on established media institutions.3 Without using * Georgetown Law, J.D. expected 2019; United States Military Academy, B.S. 2009; Loyola Marymount University M.Ed. 2016. © 2018, Ashley C. Nicolas. The author is a former U.S. Army Intelligence Officer. -
POLITICAL SPEECH, DOUBLESPEAK, and CRITICAL-THINKING SKILLS in AMERICAN EDUCATION by Doris E. Minin-White a Capstone Project
POLITICAL SPEECH, DOUBLESPEAK, AND CRITICAL-THINKING SKILLS IN AMERICAN EDUCATION by Doris E. Minin-White A capstone project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in English as a Second Language. Hamline University Saint Paul, Minnesota December, 2017 Capstone Project Trish Harvey Content Expert: Joseph White 2 My Project In this project, I will attempt to identify and analyze common cases of doublespeak in selected samples of political discourse, delivered by the two most recent U. S. presidents: Barack Obama and Donald Trump. The sample will include the transcripts from two speeches and two debates for each of the speakers. The speeches chosen will be their inaugural addresses and their presidential nomination acceptance speeches. The debates will be the first and second debates held, as part of the presidential campaign, in which the selected speakers participated. I chose to include speeches from the presidential inaugural address because they represent, perhaps, the greatest opportunity for presidents to speak with impact to the people they represent and to their fellow lawmakers who are generally present at the inauguration. I also chose the speeches they made when accepting the presidential nominations of their respective parties, because it is their opportunity to outline what their party’s platform is, what they feel are the important issues of the day, and how they intend to pursue those issues. Finally, I chose presidential debates because political discourse in this context is more spontaneous. According to the Commission on Presidential Debates (2017), a non-partisan entity that has organized presidential debates in the United States since 1988, political debates are carefully prepared and organized. -
Was Europa Ausmacht
WAS EUROPA AUSMACHT NAMEN, DATEN UND FAKTEN ZUR EUROPÄISCHE UNION MELANIE PIEPENSCHNEIDER | BURKARD STEPPACHER (HRSG.) 2., ÜBERARBEITETE AUFLAGE ISBN 978-3-940955-84-4 www.kas.de InHALT 5 | VORWORT 7 | DIE ENTWICKLUNG deR EUROPÄISCHen InTEGRATION Und IHRE PeRSPEKTIven Matthias Belafi 31| CHRISTLICH-deMOKRATISCHE EUROPAPOLITIKER. EUROPÄISCHE BIOGRAPHIen (AUSWAHL) 43| WICHTIGE STATIOnen deR EUROPÄISCHen InTEGRATION. EUROPACHRONIK 49| bedeUTende ERKLÄRUNGen VON CHURCHILL BIS MeRKEL. Reden FÜR EUROPA 63| CHRISTLICH-deMOKRATISCHE POLITIKER. Das Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt. NAMen IN EUROPA Jede Verwertung ist ohne Zustimmung der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, n Die Abgeordneten der CDU/CSU im Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung in und Verarbeitung durch Europäischen Parlament 2004-2009 elektronische Systeme. n Die christlich-demokratischen Mitglieder der Europäischen Kommission 2004-2009 2., überarbeitete Auflage n Die christlich-demokratischen Mitglieder des © 2009, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Sankt Augustin/Berlin Europäischen Parlaments Umschlagfoto: Credit © European Communities, 2009 n Chronik der christlich-demokratischen Präsidenten der Europäischen Kommission Gestaltung: SWITSCH Kommunikationsdesign, Köln. n Chronik der christlich-demokratischen Satz: workstation gmbh, produktionsservice für analoge und Präsidenten des Europäischen Parlaments digitale medien, Bonn. Druck: Druckerei Franz Paffenholz GmbH, Bornheim. 69| PUBLIKATIOnen Und InTERneTSEITen Printed in Germany. ZUR EUROPÄISCHen UnION Gedruckt mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. 79| HeRAUSGebeR, AUTORen Und ISBN 978-3-940955-84-4 MITARbeITER 5 VORWORT Am 7. Juni 2009 findet in Deutschland die Wahl zum Europä- ischen Parlament statt. Zum ersten Mal nehmen Bürgerinnen und Bürger aus 27 EU-Mitgliedstaaten teil. Insgesamt sind rund 375 Millionen EU-Bürgerinnen und Bürger zur Wahl aufgerufen. -
Indian False Flag Operations
Center for Global & Strategic Studies Islamabad INDIAN FALSE FLAG OPERATIONS By Mr. Tauqir – Member Advisory Board CGSS Terminology and Genealogy The term false flag has been used symbolically and it denotes the purposeful misrepresentation of an actor’s objectives or associations. The lineage of this term is drawn from maritime affairs where ships raise a false flag to disguise themselves and hide their original identity and intent. In this milieu, the false flag was usually used by pirates to conceal themselves as civilian or merchant ships and to prevent their targets from escaping away or to stall them while preparing for a battle. In other cases, false flags of ships were raised to blame the attack on someone else. A false flag operation can be defined as follows: “A covert operation designed to deceive; the deception creates the appearance of a particular party, group, or nation being responsible for some activity, disguising the actual source of responsibility.” These operations are purposefully carried out to deceive public about the culprits and perpetrators. This phenomenon has become a normal practice in recent years as rulers often opt for this approach to justify their actions. It is also used for fabrication and fraudulently accuse or allege in order to rationalize the aggression. Similarly, it is a tool of coercion which is often used to provoke or justify a war against adversaries. In addition, false flag operations could be a single event or a series of deceptive incidents materializing a long-term strategy. A primary modern case of such operations was accusation on Iraqi President Saddam Hussain for possessing weapons of mass-destruction ‘WMD’, which were not found after NATO forces, waged a war on Iraq. -
False Flag Operation
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 43rd year No.14006 Thursday AUGUST 5, 2021 Mordad 14, 1400 Dhul Hijjah 25, 1442 Raisi to be sworn in Tokyo 2020: Iran Energy Ministry unveils Imam Mosque: as Irani president weightlifter Davoudi water, electricity elegant, iconic, and today Page 2 snatches silver Page 3 training system Page 4 visually stunning Page 6 Iran: Reports of maritime incidents Western psywar for new adventurism The Iranian Armed Forces have de- coast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). nounced recent contradictory reports Citing maritime security sources, the False flag operationSee page 3 of maritime incidents and hijacking in report identified the seized vessel as the the Sea of Oman as a Western “psycho- Panama-flagged asphalt/bitumen tanker logical warfare” meant to set the ground Asphalt Princess. for new adventurism. Meanwhile, The Times of London Brigadier General Abolfazl Shekarchi, newspaper quoted British sources as spokesman of the Armed Forces, made saying that they were “working on the the remarks on Tuesday, after Reuters assumption Iranian military or proxies claimed that “Iran-backed forces” were boarded” the Asphalt Princess. believed to have seized an oil tanker off the Continued on page 2 Loading, unloading of goods up 16% at Shahid Rajaee port TEHRAN- Loading and unloading of goods goes were loaded and unloaded at Shahid rose 16 percent at Shahid Rajaee port, Iran’s Rajaee port in the four-month period. -
Understanding Cyberwarfare Lessons from the Russia-Georgia War
Understanding Cyberwarfare Lessons from the Russia-Georgia War Sarah P. White March 20, 2018 Understanding Cyberwarfare: Lessons from the Russia-Georgia War Capt. Sarah P. “Sally” White is a cyberspace operations officer in the US Army. She is currently pursuing her PhD in the Harvard Department of Government, where her research interests include military innovation and comparative cyberspace doctrine. She has served in the 82nd Airborne Division and the 780th Military Intelligence Brigade (Cyber). Following graduate school, she will serve as an instructor in the West Point Department of Social Sciences. Understanding Cyberwarfare: Lessons from the Russia-Georgia War Cyberattacks had become an established tool attacks, with the highest levels of online of statecraft by the time they were used against activity coinciding with the Russian invasion of the Republic of Georgia in the summer of South Ossetia on August 8, 9, and 10.3 Even the 2008, albeit one without a legal framework and National Bank of Georgia had to suspend all 4 whose long-term implications remained poorly electronic services from August 8–19. While 1 understood. Nevertheless, the war between there is strong political and circumstantial Russia and Georgia that took place in August of evidence that the attacks were encouraged by that year was remarkable for its inclusion of a the Russian state, definitive technical series of large-scale, overt cyberspace attacks attribution—and thus definitive legal that were relatively well synchronized with culpability—have remained elusive. conventional military operations. Conducted The cyberattacks had little effect on by an army of patriotic citizen hackers, the conventional forces and were not decisive to 5 cyber campaign consisted of distributed denial the outcome of the conflict, but they of service (DDoS) attacks and website nevertheless offer significant lessons on the defacements that were similar in nature but character of modern warfare for scholars of different in method to what had occurred in conflict and military studies. -
Ansprache Des Bundespräsidenten Joachim Gauck
Ansprache beim Staatsakt für Bundespräsident a. D. Prof. Dr. Roman Herzog in der Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin, am 24. Januar 2017, 11:45 Uhr - Bundespräsident Joachim Gauck - Sehr verehrte Freifrau von Berlichingen-Jagsthausen, liebe Familien Herzog und von Berlichingen-Jagsthausen, Exzellenzen, verehrte Trauergäste, wir trauern um Bundespräsident Herzog und nehmen hier im Berliner Dom gemeinsam von ihm Ab- schied. Auch wenn er sich in allen öffentlichen Ämtern, die er innehatte, um unser Land verdient ge- macht hat, ist er wohl den meisten von uns durch sein Wirken als Bundespräsident im Gedächtnis ge- blieben. In diesem Amt hat er nicht nur Anerkennung und Respekt gewonnen. Die Bürgerinnen und Bürger unseres Landes haben ihm, je länger er es ausübte, auch große Sympathie, ja Zuneigung ent- gegengebracht. Er hat uns Deutschen gutgetan, dass mit ihm jemand Bundespräsident war, war auch gut, dem jeder Pomp, jeder Überschwang, auch jede devote Staats- und Autoritätsgläubigkeit so erkennbar fremd waren. Es nimmt dem Amt, so konnte man es bei Roman Herzog sehen, nichts von seiner Würde und Ausstrahlung, wenn man es mit Gelassenheit, mit Distanz und auch mit gelegentlicher Selbstironie ausfüllt. Ja, Roman Herzog, er konnte einen auf eine schwer zu beschreibende Art fast vergessen lassen, dass er sich an klaren Worten orientierte und politisch und ethisch einen sicheren Kompass hatte. Lands- mannschaftlich war er ja eindeutig zuzuordnen. Seine bayerische Herkunft hat er uns ja auch nicht verborgen, vielmehr trug ihm seine deutliche Sprachfärbung, so meinte er selber, schon vor jeder ei- genen Leistung herzliche Sympathie ein: „Wenn ich nur den Mund aufmache, denken die Leute schon, sie sind im Urlaub.“ Vielleicht steckt ja in jedem Bayern, in diesem aber ganz bestimmt, so etwas wie eine gute Portion Karl Valentin. -
Psychological Warfare and the “False
Psychological Warfare and the “False Flag” Meme By James F. Tracy Region: Middle East & North Africa, USA Global Research, May 01, 2014 Theme: Media Disinformation, Terrorism False flag operations and assassinations are a central component of the elaborate psychological warfare campaign waged on the American public to justify the so-called “global war on terrorism,” and the events of September 11, 2001 are this project’s cornerstone. Major US news outlets turn a blind eye to a wide array of evidence “that Western covert operators were behind” events such as “Bali, Madrid, London 7/7, mosque bombings in Iraq and elsewhere and, of course, 9/11. Because the mainstream media are integral to the Industrial Military Academic Intelligence Media complex,” journalist Barrie Zwicker observes, “the cold-blooded technicians of death face no journalistic scrutiny. Without moral, legal, technical or financial constraints, the black operators range freely, executing the orders of the global oligarchies.”[1] An undeniable effect of the Boston Marathon bombing was that the term “false flag”—meaning a typically illegal act carried out by a government against itself that is often blamed on another entity to justify its own policies—became a recognizable expression among a broader swath of the American public. For example, web-based searches for the phrase spiked in the wake of the April 15 event after a correspondent for the alternative news site Infowars questioned Massachusetts Governor Duval Patrick on the suspicious circumstances surrounding the bombing.[2] Some news outlets predictably moved to condemn any cogitation along these lines as “conspiracy theorizing.”[3] In the United States the citizenry is especially well-indoctrinated through an overwhelming dependence on such corporate media.