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Forest-PLUS) Program Partnership for Land Use Science (Forest-PLUS) Program TRAINING REFERENCE MANUAL FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN SHIVAMOGGA September 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ARD for Forest-PLUS Program, Contract No. AID-386-C-12-00002. Prepared by: Tetra Tech ARD for Forest-PLUS Program, Contract No. AID-386-C-12-00002 Tetra Tech ARD Contacts Ben Caldwell, Chief of Party ([email protected]) Gina Green, Senior Technical Advisor/Manager ([email protected]) Korinne Baccali, Deputy Project Manager ([email protected]) Tetra Tech ARD P.O. Box 1397 Burlington, VT 05402 Tel 802-658-3890 PARTNERSHIP FOR LAND USE SCIENCE (Forest-PLUS) PROGRAM TRAINING REFERENCE MANUAL FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NON- TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN SHIVAMOGGA DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS Tables, Figures, Boxes, Photographs ........................................................................ iii Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................... v 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Who can use this manual? ........................................................................................... 6 1.2 How this manual can be used? .................................................................................... 7 1.3 Who are target audience? ............................................................................................ 7 1.4 Training schedule ........................................................................................................ 7 2.0 Non-timber forest products: An introduction ................................................... 9 2.1 NTFPs and their importance ........................................................................................ 9 2.2 Current Trends and Emerging Issues in NTFP Management ......................................10 2.3 Assessing value chains of NTFPs ...............................................................................11 2.4 Resource Assessment of NTFPs ................................................................................12 2.5 Quantification of availability of NTFPs/MPs .................................................................13 2.6 Participatory techniques for NTFP monitoring .............................................................14 2.6.1 Objectives of participatory NTFP monitoring ........................................................14 2.6.2 Approach to participatory NTFP monitoring .........................................................15 2.6.3 Monitoring of institutional, social, ecological, and economic issues ......................15 2.6.4 Strategy for participatory NTFP monitoring ..........................................................16 2.6.5 Generation of baseline information and monitoring of NTFP resources................16 2.6.6 Development of human resources for NTFP monitoring .......................................16 2.6.7 Quantification technique for NTFPs .....................................................................18 2.7 Acquiring biophysical and biodiversity information REGARDING NTFP Species ........22 2.7.1 Indicators for biophysical and biodiversity information ..........................................22 2.7.2 Indicators for conservation and maintenance of selected NTFPs and biodiversity22 2.8 Format for collection of baseline data/information .......................................................23 3.0 Nursery propagation techniques for selected NTFP species ........................ 25 3.1 Site Characteristics for Nursery...................................................................................25 3.1.1 Preparation of nursery beds .................................................................................25 3.1.2 Management of germination beds ........................................................................25 3.1.3 Sowing techniques in beds ..................................................................................26 3.1.4 Mulching and watering .........................................................................................26 3.1.5 Germination period ..............................................................................................26 3.1.6 Advantages of planting tall seedlings ...................................................................26 3.2 Vegetative propagation ...............................................................................................26 3.2.1 Rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs ................................................................................27 3.2.2 Branch cuttings ....................................................................................................27 3.2.3 Suckers and slips .................................................................................................28 3.2.4 Propagation though leaves ..................................................................................29 3.2.5 Layering and grafting ...........................................................................................29 3.2.6 Wild seedlings/wildings ........................................................................................30 3.3 Seed management......................................................................................................30 FOREST-PLUS REFERENCE MANUAL FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NTFPS IN SHIVAMOGGA i 3.4 Nursery and propagation techniques of selected species............................................31 3.4.1 Habit and habitat of Sapindus emarginatus ..........................................................31 3.4.2 Habit and habitat of Ailanthus triphysa .................................................................33 3.4.3 Habit and habitat of Cinnamomum malabatrum ...................................................35 Nursery and propagation techniques Cinnamomum malabatrum: ..................................35 4.0 Natural regeneration and augmentation techniques for NTFPs .................... 37 4.1 Introduction to regeneration and plantation of NTFPs .................................................37 4.2 Format for recording regeneration status of NTFPs ....................................................37 4.3 Factors affecting regeneration and plantation of NTFPs .............................................38 4.3.1 Seed production and dispersal .............................................................................38 4.3.2 Soil conditions for seed production ......................................................................38 4.3.3 Light conditions for regeneration ..........................................................................39 4.3.4 Effect of wind on regeneration .............................................................................39 4.3.5 Inherent characters of species .............................................................................40 4.3.6 Nature of undergrowth and biotic factors ..............................................................40 4.3.7 Climatic Factors ...................................................................................................41 4.4 Silvicultural Operations ...............................................................................................41 4.5 Plantation Models and Models Practiced in the Forestry Sector ..................................41 5.0 Harvesting techniques, principles, protocols, and good practices– destructive or “Business-as-Usual” collection of NTFPs ........................................ 43 5.1 Destructive collection or “Business as Usual” of Cinnamomum malabatrum ...............43 5.2 Destructive collection or “Business As Usual” of Sapindus emarginatus .....................44 5.3 Destructive Collection or “Business As Usual” of Ailanthus triphysa ............................45 6.0 Sustainable collection of selected NTFPs ....................................................... 47 6.1 PrincipLEs of sustainable harvesting...........................................................................47 6.2 Sustainable collection of Cinnamomum malabatrum leaves ........................................47 6.2.1 Processing/value addition: ...................................................................................48 6.2.2 Quality parameters for collection and trade: .........................................................48 6.3 Sustainable collection of Sapindus emarginatus fruits .................................................48 6.3.1 Processing/value addition: ...................................................................................49 6.3.2 Quality parameters for collection and trade: .........................................................49 6.4 Sustainable collection of resin of Ailanthus triphysa ....................................................50 References ................................................................................................................... 51 ii FOREST-PLUS REFERENCE MANUAL FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NTFPS IN SHIVAMOGGA TABLES Training Schedule .....................................................................................................................
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